CN106367190A - Aqueous microemulsion cutting fluid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Aqueous microemulsion cutting fluid and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106367190A
CN106367190A CN201610761535.XA CN201610761535A CN106367190A CN 106367190 A CN106367190 A CN 106367190A CN 201610761535 A CN201610761535 A CN 201610761535A CN 106367190 A CN106367190 A CN 106367190A
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mentioned
added
cutting fluid
stirred
insulated
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江海涛
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Tianchang Runda Metal Antirust Auxiliary Co Ltd
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Tianchang Runda Metal Antirust Auxiliary Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/02—Carbon; Graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/04—Metals; Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an aqueous microemulsion cutting fluid. The aqueous microemulsion cutting fluid is composed of raw materials by following weight part: 0.8-1 of polyethylene benzenesulfonic acid, 0.4-1 of triallyl isocyanurate, 2-4 of nitritotriacetic acid phosphate, 0.4-1 of bromohexadecane, 0.3-1 of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 6-7 of copper hydroxide, 20-30 of 10-15% aqueous formic acid solution, 4-5 of carbon nanotubes, 50-60 of methyl silicone oil, 3-4 of sodium dodecyl sulfate, appropriate amount of water, 0.7-1 of 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 2-3 of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5-1 of barium stearate, 2-3 of calcium petroleum sulfonate, 0.6-1 of lauryl dimethyl amine oxide and 0.7-2 of polyvinyl butyral. According to the aqueous microemulsion cutting fluid, after the carbon nanotubes after being esterified are mixed with copper formate for ball milling, Cu2+ can be adsorbed onto surfaces of the carbon nanotubes through pyrolysis, and then nano-copper particles are generated on the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes.

Description

A kind of aqueouss micro-emulsion cutting fluid and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to cutting fluid technical field, more particularly, to a kind of aqueouss micro-emulsion cutting fluid and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Because nanoparticle has the performance not available for a lot of Conventional solid, such as low melting point, high ductibility, easily diffusion Deng making its hardness, toughness, anti-shearing degree etc. is it can also happen that change it means that cannot function as under normal circumstances lubricating material The solid particle of material, is possible to greasy property when being in Nano grade, and is likely to there is some different from tradition The boundary lubrication mechanism of additive；Secondly nano lubricating oil additive replaces the organic compound extreme-pressure anti-wears such as traditional s, p, cl Additive is it is expected to solve s, p, cl corrosion that parent metal is caused and the environmental problem brought；But nanoparticle is applied Friction-reducing and antiwear action in cutting fluid is it is also desirable to solve some difficult problems；
Because nanoparticle specific surface area is big, surface energy is high, so in a solvent, especially in this non-aqueous Jie of lubricating oil In matter, easily reunite, if nanoparticle is agglomerated into big granule in lubricating oil, can drop on the contrary just as having impurity in oil Low lubricating oil performance " simultaneously, the dispersibility of nanoparticle and stability are two closely related and separate factors, Good dispersion, stability differs and reserves, in addition, cutting fluid be generally used for high temperature, under high pressure working environment, in cutting fluid itself The colloidal nanoparticles being in suspended state are highly vulnerable to breakage its stability under such working environment, thus occurring group poly and poly Heavy, finally make nanoparticle lose abrasion resistance；
Copper nanoparticle can effectively improve the frictional behaviour of cutting fluid as the additive of oiliness cutting fluid, but nanometer Stability in cutting fluid base oil for the copper powder needs to improve, so, this research and development bright by changing to the surface of CNT Property, prepares carbon nanotube/nano copper combined cut solution additive, to improve its in cutting fluid dispersion stabilization same When, reach the purpose improving cutting fluid frictional behaviour.
Content of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly the defect in order to make up prior art, provides a kind of aqueouss micro-emulsion cutting fluid and its preparation Method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of aqueouss micro-emulsion cutting fluid, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Polyvinylbenzenesulfonic acid 0.8-1, Triallyl isocyanurate 0.4-1, phosphoric acid triacetamide 2-4, bromohexadecane 0.4-1, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide 0.3-1, the aqueous formic acid 20-30 of Copper hydrate 6-7,10-15%, CNT 4-5, methyl Silicone oil 50-60, dodecyl sodium sulfate 3-4, appropriate amount of water, 1,2- methylimidazole 0.7-1, calcium hydrogen phosphate 2-3, barium stearate 0.5-1, calcium mahogany sulfonate 2-3, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide 0.6-1, polyvinyl butyral resin 0.7-2.
A kind of preparation method of described aqueouss micro-emulsion cutting fluid, comprises the following steps:
(1) above-mentioned Copper hydrate is added in the deionized water of its weight 20-35 times, under stirring condition, Deca is above-mentioned The aqueous formic acid of 10-15%, rises high-temperature and is 80-85 DEG C, insulated and stirred to water is done, and obtains carboxylic acid nanometer after completion of dropping Copper；
(2) by above-mentioned CNT be added to mass ratio be the sulphuric acid of 3-4:1, in the mixed solution of nitric acid, described sulfur The concentration of acid is 96-98%, the concentration of nitric acid is 65-70%, sends in 117-120 DEG C of constant temperature oil bath, insulated and stirred 100- 120 minutes, discharging cooled down, sucking filtration, and precipitation washing 4-5 time is vacuum dried 20-26 hour at 70-80 DEG C, obtains purified carbon and receive Mitron；
(3) above-mentioned calcium mahogany sulfonate is added in the dehydrated alcohol of its weight 10-14 times, stirs, add 1,2- Methylimidazole, insulated and stirred 20-30 minute at 60-70 DEG C, obtain alcohol dispersion liquid；
(4) above-mentioned phosphoric acid triacetamide is added in the dimethylformamide of its weight 37-40 times, rising high-temperature is 57-60 DEG C, insulated and stirred 10-20 minute, add above-mentioned calcium hydrogen phosphate, barium stearate, stir to room temperature, obtain amide dispersion liquid；
(5) above-mentioned purifying carbon nano-tube is added in amide dispersion liquid, ultrasonic 4-10 minute, filters, by precipitation washing 3-4 time, it is vacuum dried 1-2 hour at 47-50 DEG C, obtains modified purifying carbon nano-tube；
(6) above-mentioned modification purifying carbon nano-tube is added to its weight 80-100 times, 0.2-1mol/l sodium hydroxide In solution, ultrasonic 20-30 minute, add above-mentioned bromohexadecane, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, continue ultrasonic 17-20 minute, send into In 80-85 DEG C of water-bath, insulated and stirred 7-9 hour, discharging, Deca chloroform, no longer change to precipitation, stratification, take off layer Solution, is added in above-mentioned alcohol dispersion liquid, sucking filtration after stirring, and precipitation is placed in dry in 100-105 DEG C of vacuum drying oven Dry complete, obtain esterification CNT；
(7) above-mentioned esterification CNT, carboxylic acid Nanometer Copper are mixed, be added in above-mentioned methyl-silicone oil, ball milling 10-13 Hour, add above-mentioned lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, stir, send in 190-200 DEG C of oil bath, insulated and stirred 27-30 Minute, discharging cools down, and obtains extreme-pressure anti-wear auxiliary agent；
(8) above-mentioned extreme-pressure anti-wear auxiliary agent is mixed with dodecyl sodium sulfate, be added to compound weight 1.3-2 times In deionized water, stir, add remaining each raw material, 700-800 rev/min of stirring 20-30 minute, obtain final product.
The invention has the advantage that the present invention passes through first to Purification of Carbon Nanotubes, it is allowed to access carboxyl, then pass through to replace instead Long chain alkane molecule should be accessed on ester group, the sterically hindered effect that exactly long chain alkane of carbon nano tube surface provides enhances Dispersion stabilization in methyl-silicone oil for the carbon nanotube/nano copper composite particles；Carbon nano tube surface through carboxylated resterification Containing a large amount of defects, free radical, oxygen-containing functional group etc., surface adsorption effect strengthens, by the CNT after esterification and Tubercuprose. After mixing and ball milling, by pyrolysis, cu2+ can be adsorbed in carbon nano tube surface, generates nano copper particle in carbon nano tube surface, plus Esterification CNT long chain alkane sterically hindered effect, thus the carbon nanotube/nano copper-base pressure forming stably dispersing is anti- Milling aid；
Because copper nanoparticle has larger specific surface area, surface energy and activity, when highly active Nano-Cu Additive adds After being added to methyl-silicone oil, when nano copper particle is collided with wear surface in friction process, produced mechanical energy is most of Translate into heat energy, the groupuscule of very little can be agglomerated into after nano copper particle heat absorption, multiple groupuscules with certain energy are Certain thickness protecting film is formed at last on wear surface, reduces shear stress and the coefficient of friction of wear surface, additionally, Nano copper particle plays certain effect filled up and repair to the concavo-convex of wear surface, is equivalent to the work that traditional abrasive dust plays With, and nano copper particle is less, this action effect also becomes apparent from, so, the methyl-silicone oil sample containing proper amount of nano copper powder The extreme pressure property of product is remarkably improved；Further, since CNT has super-strong and super-toughened performance, and can pass through in stress , to discharging stress, so CNT rolls in lubricating fluid, CNT serves carrying for existing pentagon and heptagon Effect, reduce friction pair interface directly contact, improve cutting fluid greasy property；
The lauryl dimethyl amine oxide of cutting fluid addition of the present invention, dodecyl sodium sulfate etc., can effectively change The dispersibility of kind finished product cutting fluid.
Specific embodiment
A kind of aqueouss micro-emulsion cutting fluid, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Polyvinylbenzenesulfonic acid 0.8, Triallyl isocyanurate 0.4, phosphoric acid triacetamide 2, bromohexadecane 0.4, four Butylammonium bromide 0.3, the aqueous formic acid 20 of Copper hydrate 6,10%, CNT 4, methyl-silicone oil 50, dodecyl sodium sulfonate Sodium 3, appropriate amount of water, 1,2 methylimidazoles 0.7, calcium hydrogen phosphate 2, barium stearate 0.5, calcium mahogany sulfonate 2, lauryl dimethyl oxygen Change amine 0.6, polyvinyl butyral resin 0.7.
A kind of preparation method of described aqueouss micro-emulsion cutting fluid, comprises the following steps:
(1) above-mentioned Copper hydrate is added in the deionized water of 20 times of its weight, Deca above-mentioned 10% under stirring condition Aqueous formic acid, after completion of dropping rise high-temperature be 80 DEG C, insulated and stirred to water do, obtain carboxylic acid Nanometer Copper；
(2) by above-mentioned CNT be added to mass ratio be the sulphuric acid of 3:1, in the mixed solution of nitric acid, described sulphuric acid Concentration be 96%, the concentration of nitric acid be 65%, send in 117 DEG C of constant temperature oil bath, insulated and stirred 100 minutes, discharging cools down, Sucking filtration, precipitation washing 4 times is vacuum dried 20 hours at 70 DEG C, obtains purifying carbon nano-tube；
(3) above-mentioned calcium mahogany sulfonate is added in the dehydrated alcohol of 10 times of its weight, stirs, add 1,2 diformazans Base imidazoles, insulated and stirred 20 minutes at 60 DEG C, obtain alcohol dispersion liquid；
(4) above-mentioned phosphoric acid triacetamide is added in the dimethylformamide of 37 times of its weight, rises high-temperature and be 57 DEG C, Insulated and stirred 10 minutes, adds above-mentioned calcium hydrogen phosphate, barium stearate, stirs to room temperature, obtain amide dispersion liquid；
(5) above-mentioned purifying carbon nano-tube is added in amide dispersion liquid, ultrasonic 4 minutes, filters, by precipitation washing 3 times, It is vacuum dried 1 hour at 47 DEG C, obtain modified purifying carbon nano-tube；
(6) above-mentioned modification purifying carbon nano-tube is added in 80 times of its weight, 0.2mol/l sodium hydroxide solution, Ultrasonic 20 minutes, add above-mentioned bromohexadecane, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, continue ultrasonic 17 minutes, send in 80 DEG C of water-bath, protect Temperature stirring 7 hours, discharging, Deca chloroform, no longer change to precipitation, stratification, take off a layer solution, be added to above-mentioned alcohol dispersion In liquid, sucking filtration after stirring, precipitation is placed in 100 DEG C of vacuum drying oven and is dried completely, obtain esterification CNT；
(7) above-mentioned esterification CNT, carboxylic acid Nanometer Copper are mixed, be added in above-mentioned methyl-silicone oil, ball milling 10 is little When, add above-mentioned lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, stir, send in 190 DEG C of oil bath, insulated and stirred 27 minutes, discharging Cooling, obtains extreme-pressure anti-wear auxiliary agent；
(8) above-mentioned extreme-pressure anti-wear auxiliary agent is mixed with dodecyl sodium sulfate, be added to 1.3 times of compound weight go from In sub- water, stir, add remaining each raw material, 700 revs/min are stirred 20 minutes, obtain final product.
Performance test:

Claims (2)

1. a kind of aqueouss micro-emulsion cutting fluid is it is characterised in that what it was made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Polyvinylbenzenesulfonic acid 0.8-1, Triallyl isocyanurate 0.4-1, phosphoric acid triacetamide 2-4, bromohexadecane 0.4- 1st, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide 0.3-1, the aqueous formic acid 20-30 of Copper hydrate 6-7,10-15%, CNT 4-5, methyl-silicone oil 50-60, dodecyl sodium sulfate 3-4, appropriate amount of water, 1,2- methylimidazole 0.7-1, calcium hydrogen phosphate 2-3, barium stearate 0.5-1, Calcium mahogany sulfonate 2-3, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide 0.6-1, polyvinyl butyral resin 0.7-2.
2. a kind of preparation method of aqueouss micro-emulsion cutting fluid as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that include following walking Rapid:
(1) above-mentioned Copper hydrate is added in the deionized water of its weight 20-35 times, the above-mentioned 10-15% of Deca under stirring condition Aqueous formic acid, after completion of dropping rise high-temperature be 80-85 DEG C, insulated and stirred to water do, obtain carboxylic acid Nanometer Copper；
(2) by above-mentioned CNT be added to mass ratio be the sulphuric acid of 3-4:1, in the mixed solution of nitric acid, described sulphuric acid Concentration is 96-98%, the concentration of nitric acid is 65-70%, sends in 117-120 DEG C of constant temperature oil bath, insulated and stirred 100-120 is divided Clock, discharging cools down, sucking filtration, and precipitation washing 4-5 time is vacuum dried 20-26 hour at 70-80 DEG C, obtains purifying carbon nano-tube；
(3) above-mentioned calcium mahogany sulfonate is added in the dehydrated alcohol of its weight 10-14 times, stirs, add 1,2- diformazan Base imidazoles, insulated and stirred 20-30 minute at 60-70 DEG C, obtain alcohol dispersion liquid；
(4) above-mentioned phosphoric acid triacetamide is added in the dimethylformamide of its weight 37-40 times, liter high-temperature is 57-60 DEG C, insulated and stirred 10-20 minute, add above-mentioned calcium hydrogen phosphate, barium stearate, stir to room temperature, obtain amide dispersion liquid；
(5) above-mentioned purifying carbon nano-tube is added in amide dispersion liquid, ultrasonic 4-10 minute, filters, by precipitation washing 3-4 Secondary, it is vacuum dried 1-2 hour at 47-50 DEG C, obtain modified purifying carbon nano-tube；
(6) above-mentioned modification purifying carbon nano-tube is added to its weight 80-100 times, 0.2-1mol/l sodium hydroxide solution In, ultrasonic 20-30 minute, add above-mentioned bromohexadecane, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, continue ultrasonic 17-20 minute, send into 80-85 DEG C water-bath in, insulated and stirred 7-9 hour, discharging, Deca chloroform, to precipitation no longer change, stratification, take off a layer solution, It is added in above-mentioned alcohol dispersion liquid, sucking filtration after stirring, precipitation is placed in 100-105 DEG C of vacuum drying oven and has been dried Entirely, obtain esterification CNT；
(7) above-mentioned esterification CNT, carboxylic acid Nanometer Copper are mixed, be added in above-mentioned methyl-silicone oil, ball milling 10-13 is little When, add above-mentioned lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, stir, send in 190-200 DEG C of oil bath, insulated and stirred 27-30 is divided Clock, discharging cools down, and obtains extreme-pressure anti-wear auxiliary agent；
(8) above-mentioned extreme-pressure anti-wear auxiliary agent is mixed with dodecyl sodium sulfate, be added to the deionization of compound weight 1.3-2 times In water, stir, add remaining each raw material, 700-800 rev/min of stirring 20-30 minute, obtain final product.
CN201610761535.XA 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 Aqueous microemulsion cutting fluid and preparation method thereof Pending CN106367190A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113667329A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-11-19 黄鑫 High-permeability sand fixation primer

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104277900A (en) * 2014-09-25 2015-01-14 巢湖广丰金属制品有限公司 High-antiwear cutting fluid
CN104789311A (en) * 2015-04-22 2015-07-22 青岛承天伟业机械制造有限公司 Multifunctional cutting liquid

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104277900A (en) * 2014-09-25 2015-01-14 巢湖广丰金属制品有限公司 High-antiwear cutting fluid
CN104789311A (en) * 2015-04-22 2015-07-22 青岛承天伟业机械制造有限公司 Multifunctional cutting liquid

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113667329A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-11-19 黄鑫 High-permeability sand fixation primer
CN113667329B (en) * 2021-08-12 2022-08-09 黄鑫 High-permeability sand-fixing primer

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