CN106365118B - Methanol steam reforming room with CO purifications and temp monitoring function - Google Patents

Methanol steam reforming room with CO purifications and temp monitoring function Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106365118B
CN106365118B CN201611003311.9A CN201611003311A CN106365118B CN 106365118 B CN106365118 B CN 106365118B CN 201611003311 A CN201611003311 A CN 201611003311A CN 106365118 B CN106365118 B CN 106365118B
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clarifiers
reforming reaction
combustion chamber
reaction room
room
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CN106365118A (en
Inventor
碗海鹰
碗山鹰
王源
张瑜
郭丰
李芬
李小潞
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Jincheng Abound Energy Co Ltd
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Jincheng Abound Energy Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/323Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/56Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
    • C01B3/58Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
    • C01B3/583Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction the reaction being the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0816Heating by flames

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of methanol steam reforming devices carrying CO purifications and temp monitoring function, including combustion chamber, reforming reaction room, evaporator, CO clarifiers and shell, combustion chamber and reforming reaction room are cavity cylinder, evaporator is set in combustion chamber, combustion chamber is set in reforming reaction room, reforming reaction room is set in CO clarifiers, top of combustion chamber is connected with the interior charging cavity for setting nozzle, it feeds and is equipped with igniter and radiator fan at the top of cavity, thermocouple is equipped in reforming reaction room and CO clarifiers.The present invention is mainly combined with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, directly liquid fuel is used to simplify structure, required reaction temperature can be quickly heated up to after lighting, and is reduced and is started the time, and the operation is stable is highly reliable;On the other hand the present invention has CO purifications and temp monitoring function, so that methanol steam reforming device is with better function.Especially suitable for removable, portable small fuel cell electricity generation system.

Description

Methanol steam reforming room with CO purifications and temp monitoring function
Technical field
The present invention relates to reforming hydrogen producing technology field, especially a kind of methanol weight with CO purifications and temp monitoring function Whole reactor.
Background technology
In numerous new energy, Hydrogen Energy will become the 21 century optimal energy.The identical coal of burning, gasoline and In the case of hydrogen, the energy that hydrogen generates is most, and the product that it burns is water, without lime-ash and exhaust gas, will not be polluted Environment.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells(PEMFC)Need pure hydrogen as fuel, but the transport of pure hydrogen, storage, loading technique And facility cannot meet distributed power station, especially into the requirement that family uses, therefore pass through the storage of existing fossil fuel Additional facilities are transported, are used in combination as international universal method with PEMFC in the way of fuel reforming hydrogen manufacturing.
Preparing hydrogen by reforming methanol is methanol with vapor at a temperature of 350 DEG C -409 DEG C, under the pressure condition of 1-5MPa, is being urged Under the action of agent, the transformationreation of methanol decomposition reaction and CO occurs, generates H2And CO, this is a multicomponent, more reactions Gas-solid phase reaction system.Reactional equation is as follows:
CH3OH→CO+H2 (1)
H2O+CO→CO2+H2 (2)
CH3OH+H2O→CO2+3H2(3)
The H that reforming reaction generates2 And CO2, using palladium membrane separator by H2 And CO2Separation, obtains high-purity hydrogen.
The existing following problem of reforming reactor generally existing:
1)Contain CO in manufactured hydrogen:Hydrogen-rich gas from reforming reactor includes 45-75%H2、15-25%CO2、 0.5%-2%CO and a small amount of H2O and N2.Because the electrode material of hydrogen fuel cell is Pt, CO can not only poison Pt electrodes but also easily It is adsorbed in catalyst surface, hinders the catalysis oxidation of fuel.Largely research shows that the CO of denier can make battery performance tight Decline again.
2)The reaction temperature of reforming reactor is not easy to control:Fuel combustion is used to provide the methanol weight of heat for reforming reaction Whole reactor generally includes reforming reaction room, combustion chamber and evaporator.Fuel is being fired under the action of igniter by nozzle It burns indoor rapid burning and generates heat, and the material benzenemethanol being passed through in evaporator and water vapor are formed into mixed raw material gas, it is hot Mixed gas enters reforming reaction room and reforming reaction generation hydrogen-rich gas occurs under the effect of the catalyst.Methanol steam reforming device When being combined with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, the hydrogen-rich gas of generation is delivered to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells production after CO is purified Raw electric power.
Require temperature control within the scope of 350 DEG C -409 DEG C in methanol steam reforming, it is therefore desirable to indoor temperature of burning It is accurately controlled.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of methanol recapitalization with CO purifications and temp monitoring function is anti- Device is answered, can be supervised at least solving to reduce CO contents and reforming reactor reaction temperature in the hydrogen-rich gas that reforming reactor generates The problem of control.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of methanol steam reforming device with CO purifications and temp monitoring function, including combustion chamber, reforming reaction room, steaming Send out device, CO clarifiers and shell;
Combustion chamber and reforming reaction room are cavity cylinder, and combustion chamber is placed in reforming reactor, and combustion chamber is anti-with reformation Answer filling reforming reaction catalyst in the gap between room;
It is equipped with the charging cavity communicated with combustion chamber above reforming reaction room, the spray of face combustion chamber is equipped in feed cavity body Mouth, nozzle are equipped with methanol fuel import and air intlet;It feeds and is equipped with igniter above cavity, and the igniting of igniter Positive and negative electrode is placed in the exit of nozzle;
Evaporator uses coil arrangement, evaporator to be placed in combustion chamber, the import of the outlet and reforming reaction room of evaporator The entrance of connection, reforming reaction room is equipped with the first thermocouple;
CO clarifiers include upper and lower annular housing, if connecting phase by uniformly distributed dry standpipe between upper and lower annular housing It is logical;The inlet and outlet of CO clarifiers is respectively arranged on the two bottom sides of lower annular housing, and the inner space of lower annular housing passes through Two pieces of partition boards are divided into two parts, a portion and the inlet communication of CO clarifiers, the outlet company of another part and CO clarifiers Logical, the import of CO clarifiers is connect with the outlet of reforming reaction room, and the exit of CO clarifiers is equipped with the second thermocouple;CO is purified CO catalysts are equipped in the upper and lower annular housing and each vertical tube of device;CO clarifiers integral assembling is in reforming reaction outside;
Combustion chamber, reforming reaction room, evaporator, CO clarifiers and charging cavity are all located on same axis, and are all encapsulated In in shell.
Igniter is equipped with the first radiator fan as a preferred technical solution, is located at igniting on the shell top in shell Position right over device is equipped with the second radiator fan.
As a preferred technical solution, several heat emission holes are evenly equipped on the shell wall of shell upper.
The bottom of CO clarifiers is equipped with the support leg for being supported in shell shell bottom as a preferred technical solution,.
When methanol steam reforming device starts, methanol fuel mixed in nozzle with air and from nozzle at be ejected to burning Room, while igniter is powered, rapid burning generates heat in the combustion chamber under the action of lighting a fire positive and negative electrode.It produces combustion chamber Into evaporator and reforming reaction room, chamber conducts raw heat rapidly, and material benzenemethanol and water enter evaporation from the import of evaporator Device, and vaporization forms mixed raw material gas in coil-like evaporator, hot mixed gas is from evaporator outlet through reforming reaction Room import enters reforming reaction room, and reforming reaction occurs under the effect of the catalyst and generates hydrogen-rich gas.Hydrogen-rich gas is into one Step reduces CO contents by CO clarifiers, is then sent to fuel cell and generates electric power, the converted product meeting not used completely It sends combustion chamber back to and provides heat for reaction.
In the present invention, the operation principle of CO clarifiers is:The lower annular housing inner space of CO clarifiers is by two pieces of partition boards Two parts are obstructed into, note and the inlet communication of CO clarifiers are the spaces A, and the outlet with CO clarifiers is the spaces B.It is rich Hydrogen from reforming reaction room outlet enter lower annular housing through CO clarifier imports the spaces A in, then via with the spaces A phase If logical dry standpipe is walked upwards, enter in annular housing, it is then several via being communicated with the spaces B from upper annular housing again Vertical tube is walked downwards, is entered in the spaces B of lower annular housing, is finally exported and is discharged from CO clarifiers.The structure of CO clarifiers Feature enables hydrogen-rich gas to flow through longer distance as far as possible in CO clarifiers, stop the longer time so that hydrogen rich gas Body can more fully be reacted with the CO catalysts in CO clarifiers, finally further decrease containing for CO in hydrogen-rich gas Amount.
In the present invention, the entrance in reforming reaction room is equipped with the first thermocouple, and the is equipped in the exit of CO clarifiers Two thermocouples monitor the temperature for reforming reative cell import and the outlet of CO clarifiers by two thermocouples in real time, to It can be seen that the operating condition of entire reforming reactor reaction temperature.The first radiator fan is equipped in igniter, in shell It is located at the position right over igniter on shell top and is equipped with the second radiator fan, two radiator fans can be to the temperature of reforming reactor Degree is controlled so that the reaction temperature of reforming reactor remains in normal range (NR).
Methanol steam reforming room of the present invention is mainly combined with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, is pem fuel Cell with hydrogen gas.On startup, it is burnt using industrial methanol and generates heat, provide reforming reaction required temperature, with tradition Methanol steam reforming device is compared, on the one hand, directly liquid fuel is used to simplify structure;Two aspects, can quickly heat after lighting To required reaction temperature, reduce and start the time, the operation is stable is highly reliable;Three aspects, the CO constructed using special construction Clarifier greatly reduces the content of CO in hydrogen-rich gas;Four aspects, the addition of radiator fan and thermocouple can real-time counterweight The temperature conditions of whole reactor is monitored, it is ensured that reaction be smoothed out and safety problem.The present invention is especially suitable for removable Dynamic, portable small fuel cell electricity generation system.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of CO clarifiers in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the upward view of Fig. 2.
In figure:Under the combustion chambers 1-, 2- reforming reactions room, 3- evaporators, 4- CO clarifiers, the upper annular housings of 4-1-, 4-2- Annular housing, 4-3- vertical tubes, 4-4- partition boards, 5- shells, 6- chargings cavity, the import of 7- methanol fuels, 8- air intlets, 9- igniting Device, the first thermocouples of 10-, the second thermocouples of 11-, the first radiator fans of 12-, the second radiator fans of 13-, 14- heat emission holes, 15- support legs, the import of A- evaporators, the outlet of B- evaporators, the import of C- reforming reactions room, D- reforming reactions room go out Mouth, the import of E-CO clarifiers, the outlet of F- CO clarifiers.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make those skilled in the art be better understood from the present invention, below in conjunction with refer to the attached drawing and in conjunction with the embodiments to this Further clear, complete explanation is made in invention.It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, embodiment in the application and Feature in embodiment can be combined with each other.
A kind of methanol steam reforming device with CO purifications and temp monitoring function shown in FIG. 1, including combustion chamber 1, again Whole reative cell 2, evaporator 3, CO clarifiers 4 and shell 5;
Combustion chamber 1 and reforming reaction room 2 are cavity cylinder, preferably cavity cylinder, and combustion chamber 1 is placed in reforming reaction In device 2, reforming reaction catalyst is filled in the gap between combustion chamber 1 and reforming reaction room 2;
2 top of reforming reaction room is equipped with the charging cavity 6 communicated with combustion chamber 1, and face combustion chamber is equipped in charging cavity 6 1 nozzle(It is not shown in figure), nozzle is equipped with methanol fuel import 7 and air intlet 8;It feeds 6 top of cavity and is equipped with igniting Device 9, and the igniting positive and negative electrode of igniter 9(It is not shown in figure)It is placed in the exit of nozzle;
Evaporator 3 uses coil arrangement, the import A that evaporator 3 is placed in evaporator 3 in combustion chamber 1 to connect methanol aqueous solution, steams The outlet B of hair device 3 is connect with the import C of reforming reaction room 2, and the first thermocouple 10 is equipped at the import C of reforming reaction room 2;
CO clarifiers 4 as shown in Figure 2,3 include upper and lower annular housing 4-1,4-2, upper and lower annular housing 4-1,4-2 it It is communicated by uniformly distributed dry standpipe 4-3 connections between if;The import E and outlet F of CO clarifiers 4 are respectively arranged on lower annular housing 4-2 Two bottom sides, the inner space of lower annular housing 4-2 is two parts by two pieces of 4-4 points of partition boards, and a portion is net with CO Change the import E connections of device 4, another part is connected to the outlet F of CO clarifiers 4, import E and the reforming reaction room 2 of CO clarifiers 4 Outlet D connections, the second thermocouple 11 is equipped at the outlet F of CO clarifiers 4;Upper and lower annular housing 4-1,4- of CO clarifiers 4 CO catalysts are equipped in 2 and each vertical tube 4-3;4 integral assembling of CO clarifiers is in 2 outside of reforming reaction room;
Combustion chamber 1, reforming reaction room 2, evaporator 3, CO clarifiers 4 and charging cavity 6 are all located on same axis, and all It is packaged in shell 5.
Combustion chamber 1 provides heat for reforming reaction, and fuel is methanol, and combustion adjuvant is air, and combustion product is CO2And H2O, Heat is released in combustion process.The reaction, which can burn rapidly, generates heat, to make combustion chamber 1 and reforming reaction room 2 rise rapidly Temperature arrives required temperature.Nozzle is set in charging cavity 6, and methanol fuel import 7 and air intlet 8 are respectively used to defeated into nozzle Enter fuel methanol and combustion adjuvant.Igniter 9 is set to 6 top of charging cavity, and the igniting positive and negative electrode of igniter 9 extends to spray At mouth, igniter 9 is powered, and igniting positive and negative electrode can light the mixed gas of the fuel methanol and air that are sprayed from nozzle, Nozzle can be injected flames into combustion chamber 1.Evaporator 3 is the vaporization place of material benzenemethanol and water, and material benzenemethanol and water are logical In the import input evaporator 3 of pervaporation device 3, the mixed gas after vaporization exports anti-to reforming from the output port of evaporator 3 Answer room 2.In reforming reaction room 2 first alcohol and water reaction generate reformed syngas, methanol reforming catalyst mainly have nickel catalyst, Platinum palladium catalyst and Cu-series catalyst, wherein the reaction temperature of Cu-series catalyst is at 230 DEG C -270 DEG C, catalytic activity, reaction Selectivity is good.
When preparing hydrogen by reforming methanol reactor start-up, fuel methanol enters charging cavity by peristaltic pump, fuel methanol, air 6 nozzle, fuel methanol and air mixing, are sprayed onto in combustion chamber 1, fast under the action of the igniting positive and negative electrode of igniter 9 Quick burning, which is burnt, generates heat, and the startup time is short, and operation and device are all very simple.The heat that combustion chamber 1 generates is rapidly to 3 He of evaporator 2 inner cavity of reforming reaction room is conducted, and the vaporization in evaporator 3 of material benzenemethanol and water forms mixed raw material gas, hot mixed gas Reforming reaction occurs under the effect of the catalyst into reforming reaction room 2 and generates hydrogen-rich gas.
Hydrogen-rich gas from reforming reaction room 2 includes 45-75%H2、15-25%CO2, 0.5%-2%CO and a small amount of H2O and N2.Because the electrode material of hydrogen fuel cell is Pt, CO not only can poison Pt electrodes but also easily be adsorbed in catalyst surface, hinder The catalysis oxidation of fuel.Largely research shows that the CO of denier can be battery performance degradation, thus, selection is a kind of good The method of reduction CO concentration seem increasingly important.CO concentration can be controlled has absorption, Pd films point in 20ppm the following method From, CO methanations and CO selective oxidation reactions.The present invention is provided with upper and lower annular housing 4- in 2 outside of reforming reaction room If 1,4-2 adds the CO clarifiers 4 of dry standpipe 4-3 structures, the outlet of the import connection reforming reaction room 2 of CO clarifiers 4.From reformation Reative cell 2 enters the hydrogen-rich gas in CO clarifiers 4 can be according to lower annular housing 4-2 → vertical tube 4-3 → upper annular housing 4-1 The route of → vertical tube → lower annular housing is finally discharged from the outlet of CO clarifiers 4.The upper and lower annular housing 4- of CO clarifiers 4 If 1, being designed with CO catalysts in 4-2 and dry standpipe 4-3.Enter proton exchange membrane combustion by the purified hydrogen-rich gases of CO Expect that battery generates electric power, the converted product not used completely can send the combustion chamber of methanol steam reforming device back to and provide heat for reaction Amount.
When it is implemented, igniter 9 is equipped with the first radiator fan 12, it is located at igniter 9 on the shell top in shell 5 The position of surface is equipped with the second radiator fan 13.It is evenly equipped with several heat emission holes 14 on the shell wall on 5 top of shell.CO clarifiers 4 Bottom be equipped with and be supported in the support leg 15 at 5 shell bottom of shell.First radiator fan 12, the second radiator fan 13, heat emission hole 14, The setting of one thermocouple 10 and the second thermocouple 11 is provided to precisely monitor the bulk temperature operating condition of the present invention, keeps away Exempt from unexpected generation.
The scope of protection of present invention is not limited to the above specific implementation mode, to those skilled in the art, this Invention can there are many deformation and change, it is all the present invention design within principle made by it is any modification, improve and be equal Replacement should be all included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of methanol steam reforming room with CO purifications and temp monitoring function, including combustion chamber(1), reforming reaction room (2), evaporator(3), CO clarifiers(4)And shell(5), it is characterised in that:
Combustion chamber(1)With reforming reaction room(2)It is cavity cylinder, combustion chamber(1)It is placed in reforming reaction room(2)It is interior, combustion chamber (1)With reforming reaction room(2)Between gap in fill reforming reaction catalyst;
Reforming reaction room(2)Top is equipped with and combustion chamber(1)The charging cavity communicated(6), feed cavity(6)The interior face that is equipped with is fired Burn room(1)Nozzle, nozzle be equipped with methanol fuel import(7)And air intlet(8);Feed cavity(6)Top is equipped with igniting Device(9), and igniter(9)Igniting positive and negative electrode be placed in the exit of nozzle;
Evaporator(3)Using coil arrangement, evaporator(3)It is placed in combustion chamber(1)It is interior, evaporator(3)Outlet and reforming reaction Room(2)Import connection, reforming reaction room(2)Entrance be equipped with the first thermocouple(10);
CO clarifiers(4)Including upper and lower annular housing(4-1、4-2), upper and lower annular housing(4-1、4-2)Between by uniformly distributed If dry standpipe(4-3)Connection communicates;CO clarifiers(4)Inlet and outlet be respectively arranged on lower annular housing(4-2)Bottom Both sides, lower annular housing(4-2)Inner space pass through two pieces of partition boards(4-4)It is divided into two parts, a portion is purified with CO Device(4)Inlet communication, another part and CO clarifiers(4)Outlet, CO clarifiers(4)Import and reforming reaction room (2)Outlet connection, CO clarifiers(4)Exit be equipped with the second thermocouple(11);CO clarifiers(4)Upper and lower annular chamber Body(4-1、4-2)And each vertical tube(4-3)It is interior to be equipped with CO catalysts;CO clarifiers(4)Integral assembling is in reforming reaction room(2) Outside;
Combustion chamber(1), reforming reaction room(2), evaporator(3), CO clarifiers(4)With charging cavity(6)It is all located at same axis On, and all it is packaged in shell(5)It is interior.
2. the methanol steam reforming room according to claim 1 with CO purifications and temp monitoring function, it is characterised in that: Igniter(9)It is equipped with the first radiator fan(12), shell(5)It is located at igniter on interior shell top(9)The position of surface The second radiator fan is installed(13).
3. the methanol steam reforming room according to claim 1 or 2 with CO purifications and temp monitoring function, feature exist In:Shell(5)Several heat emission holes are evenly equipped on the shell wall on top(14).
4. the methanol steam reforming room according to claim 1 or 2 with CO purifications and temp monitoring function, feature exist In:CO clarifiers(4)Bottom be equipped be supported in shell(5)The support leg at shell bottom(15).
CN201611003311.9A 2016-11-15 2016-11-15 Methanol steam reforming room with CO purifications and temp monitoring function Active CN106365118B (en)

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CN107986232A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-05-04 四川亚联高科技股份有限公司 The method of methanol preparing high purity hydrogen
CN111425283A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-17 苏州钧峰新能源科技有限公司 Tail gas purification device of methanol fuel power generation system
CN111661819A (en) * 2020-06-01 2020-09-15 陈伟明 Hydrogen production machine gas mixture conversion combustion system
CN112093777B (en) * 2020-09-02 2021-08-17 潘志宏 Methanol hydrogen production device and method for preparing hydrogen by using same

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CN1136800A (en) * 1993-12-01 1996-11-27 德士古发展公司 Production of H2-rich gas
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