CN106361361A - Information processing method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an information processing method and an information processing device. The information processing method comprises the following steps that an SiPM detector generates analog pulse signals corresponding to gamma photons; a signal processing module connected with the SiPM detector in a 1:1 corresponding manner divides the analog pulse signals into time signals and energy signals; the time signals and the energy signals are calibrated and measured, and thus the event information corresponding to the gamma photons is obtained. With the adoption of the method and the device provided by the invention, the time calibration accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to armarium technology, particularly to a kind of information processing method and device.
Background technology
In the imaging diagnosises technology of medical field, generally radioactive substance can be injected into the body of scanned object
Interior, and by this material of detection, the receive information according to this material just can reconstruct the organization chartss of scanned object
Picture, is scanned the focus of object according to diagnostic imaging.For example, Positron emission computed tomography (positron
Emission tomograph, referred to as: pet) system is that the advanced molecular imaging diagnosis of one of current medical field sets
Standby, when being diagnosed using pet, a kind of deoxyglucose labelling containing positron radionuclide can be selected as tracer, injected
To by inspection human body, after tracer enters human body, positron radionuclide therein can discharge positron e+, and e+ moves in human body
After one segment distance, can bury in oblivion with the negatron e- in surrounding, produce the γ that a pair of energy is equal, the direction of propagation is contrary
Photon, this process becomes positron annihilation events.Using the detection device of pet system, annihilation event can be detected and produce
γ photon, and γ photon corresponding reception time and energy information etc. are obtained by information processing, and then according to time and energy
The information such as amount carry out meeting the subsequent treatment such as judgement, finally obtain scanogram.
As above, in the example that pet detects, the detection device of pet system, after receiving γ photon, analyzes this γ photon
The process of the information such as corresponding time and energy, is generally as follows: crystal receives γ photon and produces optical signal, is connected with crystal
Sipm detector converts optical signals to the signal of telecommunication, a series of process circuits being connected with detector are amplified to the signal of telecommunication,
Comparison etc. is processed, and obtains photon acceptor time and energy of demarcation etc..In prior art, multiple detectors share a passage
Process circuit, is responsible for processing the photon information that above-mentioned multiple detector receives by the process circuit of this passage.This mode
Easily produce the superposition of multi-detector signal so that baseline produces drift used in time calibrating, and then make time calibrating
Inaccurate.
Content of the invention
In view of this, the application provides a kind of information processing method and device, to improve the accuracy of time calibrating.
Specifically, the application is achieved by the following technical solution:
In a first aspect, providing a kind of information processing method, methods described includes:
Sipm detector produces the analog pulse signal of corresponding γ photon；
The signal processing module of connection corresponding with described sipm detector 1:1, described analog pulse signal is divided into the time
Signal and energy signal；
Time signal and energy signal are carried out demarcate measurement, obtain the event information of corresponding described γ photon.
Second aspect, provides a kind of information processor, and described device includes:
Sipm detector, described sipm detector is connected with crystal, for producing the γ light that corresponding described crystal receives
The analog pulse signal of son；
The signal processing module of connection corresponding with described sipm detector 1:1, described signal processing module is used for will be described
Analog pulse signal is divided into time signal and energy signal, and described time signal and energy signal is carried out demarcate measurement, obtains
Event information to corresponding described γ photon.
Information processing method and device that the application provides, by employing sipm detector and signal processing module 1:1
The corresponding structure connecting, so that the Signal averaging problem occurring in the conventional architectures mode of multi-detector is resolved, improves
The accuracy of time calibrating；And, by analog pulse signal be divide into time signal and energy signal so that the time and
The measurement of the event informations such as energy is more accurate.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is a kind of application structure figure of the sipm detector shown in the application one exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 2 is a kind of output waveform of the sipm detector shown in the application one exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 3 is a kind of flow chart of the signal processing method shown in the application one exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 4 is a kind of flow chart of signal processing method that the enforcement of the application another exemplary exemplifies；
Fig. 5 is a kind of time signal oscillogram shown in the application one exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 6 is a kind of energy signal oscillogram shown in the application one exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 7 is a kind of structure chart of the signal processing apparatus shown in the application one exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 8 is a kind of structure chart of signal processing apparatus that the enforcement of the application another exemplary exemplifies.
Specific embodiment
Here will in detail exemplary embodiment be illustrated, its example is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.Explained below is related to
During accompanying drawing, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different accompanying drawings represent same or analogous key element.Following exemplary embodiment
Described in embodiment do not represent all embodiments consistent with the application.On the contrary, they be only with such as appended
The example of the consistent apparatus and method of some aspects being described in detail in claims, the application.
Sipm (silicon photomultiplier) is a kind of photoelectric detector for pet gradually rising in recent years, with tradition
Photomultiplier tube pmt compare, have that size is little and the low advantage of running voltage.Sipm can be a diameter of by hundreds of to tens thousand of
Apd (avalanche photo diode, the avalanche photodide) cell array of a few to tens of microns is integrated in same list
Constitute on crystal silicon chip, each apd unit is operated under Geiger mode angular position digitizer, i.e. the snow of running voltage high some volts than breakdown voltage
Collapse state.When some apd unit receives a light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, produced photo-generated carrier, by triggering avalanche, causes loop
There is a larger current impulse.Because this device can carry out single photon detection as photomultiplier tube, therefore claimed
Make silicon photomultiplier detector.
When above-mentioned sipm detector being applied to pet carrying out single photon detection, application structure can in conjunction with referring to Fig. 1 and
Shown in Fig. 2.As shown in figure 1, sipm detector 11 can be connected with crystal 12, crystal 12 is receiving positron annihilation events product
The raw γ light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, generates corresponding optical signal, and the sipm detector 11 that this optical signal can be connected with crystal 12 is converted to
The signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication is an impulse waveform, and Fig. 2 illustrates this impulse waveform.As shown in Fig. 2 this impulse waveform represents, γ
(for example, the region m) in Fig. 2, then this impulse waveform is more gradually by the poop producing a rising for photon strikes crystal
Decline (for example, the region n) in Fig. 2.The basis that baseline 13 in Fig. 2 changes as waveform, the arteries and veins that is, γ photon produces every time
Rush waveform, be all based on this baseline 13, begun to ramp up by baseline 13, then drop to baseline 13.For example, it is assumed that have one again
γ photon is received by crystal, then the sipm detector being connected with this crystal is exported an impulse wave similar to Figure 2 again
Shape.
Continuing with referring to Fig. 1, the analog pulse signal for sipm detector 11 output is in addition it is also necessary to pass through signal processing mould
The process (for example, signal amplifies, signal compares) of block 14, analyzes reception time, the energy information of γ photon of γ photon
Deng.These times and energy information can be used for follow-up meet judgement, image procossing etc., therefore, the accuracy of acquisition of information
Directly influence the performance of subsequent treatment.
As shown in figure 1, in this example, one sipm detector 11 of setting is corresponding connects a signal processing module 14, such as
Shown in Fig. 1, another sipm detector 15 can correspond to one signal processing module 16 of connection.Wherein, signal processing module
Concrete structure and the processing mode to signal, subsequent embodiment will be described.An above-mentioned sipm detector and a signal
Processing module, the structure connecting one to one, it is properly termed as " 1:1 framework ", that is, sipm detector 1:1 is corresponding connects signal processing
Module.
On the basis of the description of the application structure of above-mentioned sipm detector, Fig. 3 describes to carry out by this application structure
The method flow of information processing, this information processing generally refers to, when there are positron annihilation events, how to visit by sipm
Survey the mistake that device and signal processing module measurement obtain the event information (for example, the time of γ photon and energy) of this annihilation event
Journey.As shown in figure 3, this signal processing method may include that
In step 301, sipm detector produces the analog pulse signal of corresponding γ photon；
For example, when the γ photon that positron annihilation events produce reaches crystal, the sipm detector being connected with crystal can
To export the analog pulse signal of similar Fig. 2, that is, γ photon collision crystal triggers an analog pulse signal.
In step 302, the signal processing module of connection corresponding with described sipm detector 1:1, by analog pulse signal
It is divided into time signal and energy signal.
The signal processing module of the connection corresponding with sipm detector 1:1 in this step, can be for example, shown in Fig. 1
The signal processing module 14 of connection corresponding with sipm detector 11, or, the signal processing of connection corresponding with sipm detector 15
Module 16.
The analog pulse signal that sipm detector can be produced by the signal processing module of this example is divided into two paths of signals, and one
Road signal passes through processing of circuit generation timing signal, and another road signal generates energy signal by processing of circuit.Wherein, time letter
Number it is that the initial poop in the impulse waveform shown in Fig. 2 is extracted, with more accurately time of measuring, energy signal is
Impulse waveform shown in Fig. 2 is filtered smoothing, to eliminate the sawtooth in waveform, more accurately measures energy.
In step 303, time signal and energy signal are carried out demarcate measurement, obtain the event of corresponding described γ photon
Information.
Event information described in this step, for example, can include the time of γ photon and the energy letter of annihilation event generation
Breath, certainly, event information can also include other information, such as, and the receiving position of γ photon, this example is only to the time therein
The acquisition of information and energy information illustrates.
For example, the signal processing module in this example can carry out the demarcation of event information using digit chip, wherein, can
So that Time To Event is demarcated according to the time signal in step 302, and demarcate the energy of event according to energy signal.Above-mentioned
Digit chip may include that fpga (field-programmable gate array, field programmable gate array), tdc etc.
Chip.
In the information processing method of this example, by employing, sipm detector is corresponding with signal processing module 1:1 to be connected
Structure so that the Signal averaging problem occurring in the conventional architectures mode of multi-detector is resolved, improve the time mark
Fixed accuracy；And, by analog pulse signal being divide into time signal and energy signal so that the thing such as time and energy
The measurement of part information is more accurate.
Following again by the example of Fig. 4, describe one in detail by event information is obtained to the information processing of annihilation event
Process.During basis, to sipm detector produce analog pulse signal process, include signal branch (when being divided into
Between and energy), signal amplifies and skew (for comparing), signal compare (changing into digital pulse signal) and signal scaling
(being demarcated according to digital pulse signal) several part.As shown in figure 4, may include that
In step 401, sipm detector produces the analog pulse signal of corresponding γ photon.
For example, the example of analog pulse signal such as Fig. 2 that sipm detector produces, this analog pulse signal is to there occurs
Positron annihilation events, the γ photon in event generates after being received by crystal.
In step 402, the analog pulse signal that sipm detector produces is divided into two-way by signal processing module, and wherein one
The process of differential amplifier circuit and dc-decay circuit is passed through on road, obtains time signal, separately leads up to filtering and process
To energy signal.
In this step, the analog pulse signal in step 401 can be divided into two-way by signal processing module.
Wherein one tunnel, after the process of the differential amplifier circuit in signal processing module and dc-decay circuit, can obtain
Time signal shown in Fig. 5.For example, as shown in figure 5, time signal is in the analog pulse signal being exported by sipm detector
Extract initial pulse, by seeing a poop region q in Fig. 5, this is rising edge during pulse generation, Ke Yigen
To demarcate the reception time of γ photon according to the poop of this initial rising, when therefore the extraction signal of Fig. 5 can be referred to as
Between signal, subsequently carry out time calibrating accordingly.
Wherein, the process of differential amplifier circuit, so that time signal is more precipitous, than sharp arteries and veins as shown in Figure 5
With respect to the analog pulse signal shown in Fig. 2, initial pulse part more highlights for punching, so contributes to improving time mark further
Fixed precision.And the process of dc-decay circuit, can effectively reduce the impact of baseline drift so that baseline is more stable.Micro-
Divide the integrated treatment of amplifying circuit and dc-decay circuit, both make initial pulse more precipitous, time signal itself more can
The accurate calibration time, and also the baseline factors of influence time demarcation can be removed such that it is able to make time calibrating accuracy
Significantly improve.Therefore, the time signal obtaining after above-mentioned differential amplifier circuit and dc-decay processing of circuit, with respect to
The analog pulse signal nominal time being produced according to sipm detector in traditional approach, the accuracy making measure of time is shown
Write and improve.
Another road signal can be by the rc (resistance-capacitance circuits) in signal processing module
Filter circuit is filtered smoothing, and the waveform obtaining after smoothing can be visited as shown in fig. 6, the energy signal shown in Fig. 6 to sipm
The analog pulse signal surveying device output has carried out filtering process, eliminates the class zig-zag in signal, contributes to follow-up
It is more accurate, thus contributing to more accurately measuring energy information that comparator processes the low and high level obtaining.Wherein, in filtering
During process, the principle of the filtering parameter of selection is can effectively to remove the slow zig-zag declining the moment, for example, it is possible to will filter
Time constant filter t in wave parameter is set to 10ns.Fig. 6 illustrates the energy signal x after smoothing processing after filtering, relatively
More smooth in former analog pulse signal, zig-zag reduces.
Further, it is also possible to be amplified energy signal, the signal after amplification is due to reference level when subsequently comparing
Sensitivity decline, contribute to more accurately measuring energy information.
In step 403, the reference level being adopted according to the digit chip in described signal processing module, to time signal
Carry out signal bias with energy signal.
In this example, energy signal and time signal that in step 402, branch obtains, can be in signal processing module
Digit chip comparison process, obtain the digital pulse signal of low and high level, wherein, the digit chip that this compares process is
For carrying out the chip of digit pulse conversion.Wherein, the acquisition of this digital pulse signal is no longer according to the threshold value in traditional approach
Method, but the reference level adopting according to digit chip.For example, it is assumed that the reference level that digit chip fpga adopts is gtl
Level, the reference voltage of this level is vo, and input signal is then considered high level higher than vo, is then considered low level less than vo,
Can realize and analog comparater identical comparative effectiveness.
But, the analog pulse signal of sipm detector output, include branch time signal out and energy signal, believe
Number baseline baseline and the reference level of digit chip between difference may be larger.Therefore, this step will be believed to the time
Number and energy signal carry out signal bias so that reducing the difference between the reference level of digit chip and baseline, skew
Numerical value can be the difference between reference level and former given threshold.
For example, it is assumed that reference level v0=2.5 of digit chip, and original signal wants the comparison threshold value setting to be
Vneed is 0.2, then offset voltage: voff=v0-vneed=2.5 0.2=2.3, will offset up 2.3, just by original signal
The comparison with vo can be carried out, obtain the digital pulse signal of low and high level.
In step 404, by the digit chip in signal processing module to the time signal after skew and energy signal
It is compared process, obtain the digital pulse signal of low and high level.
In this step, the time signal after skew and energy signal can be input to digit chip, by digit chip root
It is compared process according to reference level.Wherein, the digit chip of time signal and energy signal input, it is possible to use identical number
Word chip, or can also be using different digit chips.For example, it is possible to time signal is input to tdc chip, energy is believed
Number it is input to fpga chip etc..Or, time signal and energy signal are all input to fpga chip.
Digit chip is compared the reference level that process adopted it may be preferred to using having canonical reference voltage, and
The level of no metastable state input state, for example, gtl, gtl+, hstl etc., these level are so that based on same benchmark electricity
Flat, process is compared to time and energy signal and obtains digital pulse signal.Such as, the canonical reference voltage of above-mentioned level can
Think v0, higher than v0It is then high level, less than v0It is then low level.
Seen from the above description, this example carries out signal using digit chip in signal processing module and compares, thus
Save analog comparater, and can be compared by the reference level of digit chip, it is to avoid pass through in traditional approach
The threshold value setting means that analog circuit adopts, saves threshold set circuit, and the structure that these save device all improves system
Integrated level, contribute to reducing the scale of signal processing module, reduce system power dissipation, and the formation beneficial to 1:1 framework.
In step 405, by the digit chip in described signal processing module, believe to comparing the digit pulse after process
Number carry out measure of time and energy measurement, obtain temporal information and the energy information of γ photon.
In this step, in the digit pulse letter that by digit chip, time signal and energy signal are converted into low and high level
After number, this digital pulse signal can be processed through digit chip, carry out the temporal information that time calibrating obtains γ photon, also may be used
Carry out energy measurement to process by digit chip, obtain the energy information of γ photon.Wherein, time calibrating is time of measuring letter
The time of the rising edge of number digital pulse signal being converted to, as the time of origin of annihilation event；Energy measurement is measurement energy
The pulsewidth of the digital pulse signal that amount signal corresponding conversion becomes is the time difference of rising edge and trailing edge, and this time difference can be used for
Represent γ photon energy, or it is also possible to according to time difference calculate energy value (can according to the time difference being obtained ahead of time with
The corresponding conversion relation of energy value calculates).
The digit chip that this step uses be can be the same or different with the digit chip in step 404, for example, the time
Demarcate and still can be measured by tdc chip, or, it would however also be possible to employ fpga carries out time calibrating and pulse width measure, for example may be used
With using time delay chain mode.Wherein, after energy information measures, whether effectively this event can also be judged according to pulsewidth, such as,
The event reaching certain energy value is considered as just validity event, can store corresponding temporal information for validity event.
In conventional manner, just because of comparison and the measurement carrying out signal using analog circuit, so circuit structure is relatively
For huge, for size less sipm detector, it is difficult to shape and the signal processing module of huge circuit structure between
Become " 1:1 framework ", but multiple detector shares circuit kit；This example is by carrying out the time using digit chip such as fpga
Demarcate and pulse width measure, digit chip has a higher integrated level, this digit chip using the mould that instead of in traditional approach
Intend circuit, save a large amount of modulus conversion chips, so that the integrated level of system is greatly improved, can more easily realize " 1:1
Framework ", also reduces system cost and power consumption.In addition, pulse signal is measured by digitized (being converted into digital pulse signal)
Energy information, it can be avoided that tradition setting threshold value mode, can be higher with measurement efficiency, save substantial amounts of digital-to-analogue or modulus turn
Parallel operation part.
Fig. 7 illustrates a kind of signal processing apparatus, and this device can execute above-mentioned signal processing method, as shown in fig. 7,
This device may include that sipm detector 71 and signal processing module 72；
Wherein, sipm detector 71, described sipm detector is connected with crystal, receives for producing corresponding described crystal
γ photon analog pulse signal；
The signal processing module 72 of connection corresponding with described sipm detector 1:1, for dividing described analog pulse signal
Become time signal and energy signal, and described time signal and energy signal are carried out demarcate measurement, obtain corresponding described γ light
The event information of son.
One pet device can include the signal processing apparatus shown in multiple Fig. 7.
In one example, may refer to Fig. 8, the signal processing module 72 in this device may include that
Time signal generates submodule 721, for wherein one tunnel in analog pulse signal that sipm detector is produced
Analog pulse signal carries out differential amplification and dc-decay, obtains described time signal；
For example, this time signal generates in submodule 721 and can include differential amplifier circuit and dc-decay circuit, passes through
Both circuit process to analog pulse signal and obtain time signal.
Energy signal generates submodule 722, for another road mould in analog pulse signal that sipm detector is produced
Intend pulse signal and be filtered smoothing processing, obtain described energy signal.
For example, energy signal generates in submodule 722 and can include rc filter circuit, by this circuit, analog pulse is believed
Number it is filtered smooth obtaining energy signal.
In one example, the signal processing module 72 in this device can also include:
Digit chip 723, for described time signal and energy signal are converted to digital pulse signal, when demarcating described
Between the corresponding digital pulse signal of signal rising edge time, obtain the time of origin of described analog pulse signal；And demarcate
The pulsewidth of the corresponding digital pulse signal of described energy signal, obtains the signal energy of described analog pulse signal.
Wherein, the above-mentioned digit chip for time signal and energy signal are converted to digit pulse, with the nominal time
With the digit chip of energy, can identical it is also possible to different；And, the chip for process time signal and energy signal, with
Sample can be the same or different.
In one example, the signal processing module 72 in this device can also include: signal bias circuit 724, is used for
The reference level being adopted according to described digit chip, carries out signal bias to described time signal and energy signal.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the application, not in order to limit the application, all essences in the application
Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement done etc., should be included within the scope of the application protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of information processing method is it is characterised in that methods described includes:
Sipm detector produces the analog pulse signal of corresponding γ photon；
The signal processing module of connection corresponding with described sipm detector 1:1, described analog pulse signal is divided into time signal
And energy signal；
Described time signal and energy signal are carried out demarcate measurement, obtain the event information of corresponding described γ photon.
2. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described by described analog pulse signal be divided into time signal and
Energy signal, comprising:
The analog pulse signal that described sipm detector is produced is divided into two-way；
Wherein one road analog pulse signal passes through differential amplifier circuit and dc-decay circuit, obtains described time signal；
Another road analog pulse signal is processed by filtering, obtains described energy signal.
3. method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that methods described also includes: described energy signal is put
Greatly.
4. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described demarcate to described time signal and energy signal
Measurement, obtains the event information of corresponding described γ photon, comprising:
By the digit chip in described signal processing module, described time signal and energy signal are converted to digit pulse letter
Number；
By the digit chip in described signal processing module, demarcate the rising of the corresponding digital pulse signal of described time signal
The time on edge, obtain the time of origin of described analog pulse signal, and demarcate the corresponding digital pulse signal of described energy signal
Pulsewidth, obtain the signal energy of described analog pulse signal.
5. method according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that methods described also includes:
The reference level that described digit chip according to changing for digit pulse adopts, to described time signal and energy signal
Carry out signal bias.
6. a kind of information processor is it is characterised in that described device includes:
Sipm detector, described sipm detector is connected with crystal, for producing the γ photon that corresponding described crystal receives
Analog pulse signal；
The signal processing module of connection corresponding with described sipm detector 1:1, described signal processing module is used for described simulation
Pulse signal is divided into time signal and energy signal, and described time signal and energy signal is carried out demarcate measurement, and it is right to obtain
Answer the event information of described γ photon.
7. device according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that described signal processing module, comprising:
Time signal generates submodule, and the analog pulse signal for producing to sipm detector carries out differential amplification and direct current declines
Subtract, obtain described time signal；
Energy signal generates submodule, and the analog pulse signal for producing to sipm detector is filtered smoothing processing, obtains
To described energy signal.
8. device according to claim 7 it is characterised in that
Described time signal generates submodule, comprising: differential amplifier circuit and dc-decay circuit；
Described energy signal generates submodule, comprising: rc filter circuit.
9. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described signal processing module, also includes:
Digit chip, for described time signal and energy signal are converted to digital pulse signal, demarcates described time signal
The time of the rising edge of corresponding digital pulse signal, obtain the time of origin of described analog pulse signal；And demarcate described energy
The pulsewidth of the amount corresponding digital pulse signal of signal, obtains the signal energy of described analog pulse signal.
10. device according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described signal processing module, also includes: signal bias electricity
Road, for the reference level adopting according to described digit chip, carries out signal bias to described time signal and energy signal.
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| CN110226943A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-13 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Calculation method of parameters, device and the computer equipment of photon arrival detector |
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