CN106357399B - A quantum key distribution light source monitoring device and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置及其监控方法，其中装置包括分别在每个偏振光源的光路上设置的与偏振光源连接的可调衰减器、与可调衰减器连接的分束器以及与分束器连接的功率检测口，其中：分束器，用于将偏振光源输出的光信号分出一束，用以进行光源监控；功率检测口，用于将光信号转换为模拟电信号，并计算出模拟电信号的功率；可调衰减器，用于供用户根据模拟信号的功率调节偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，以实时控制偏振光源。本发明可以准确的区分出光源的抖动来自于四个偏振方向光源中的哪个，并可以实时反馈调节发生抖动的光源的衰减，避免任何一路的光源抖动所造成的量子密钥分发的中断，提高了密钥分发的效率。
The present invention provides a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device and its monitoring method, wherein the device includes an adjustable attenuator connected to the polarized light source and a splitter connected to the adjustable attenuator respectively arranged on the optical path of each polarized light source. A beam splitter and a power detection port connected to the beam splitter, wherein: the beam splitter is used to split the optical signal output by the polarized light source into one beam for monitoring the light source; the power detection port is used to convert the optical signal into Simulate the electrical signal, and calculate the power of the analog electrical signal; the adjustable attenuator is used for the user to adjust the attenuation of the optical signal output by the polarized light source according to the power of the analog signal, so as to control the polarized light source in real time. The present invention can accurately distinguish which of the four polarization direction light sources the jitter of the light source comes from, and can feedback and adjust the attenuation of the jittered light source in real time, avoiding the interruption of quantum key distribution caused by the jitter of any light source, and improving improve the efficiency of key distribution.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于量子密钥分发技术领域，尤其涉及一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置及其监控方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum key distribution, and in particular relates to a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
量子通信是量子力学的和信息理论结合的产物，量子密钥分发是量子通信中最为接近实用化的方向。量子密钥分发主要是利用光子偏振态的编码传送密钥信息。目前，由BB84协议发展而来的量子密钥分发都需要单光子源，单光子的不可分割性和不可复制性可以保证量子密钥分发的安全性。Quantum communication is the product of the combination of quantum mechanics and information theory, and quantum key distribution is the closest practical direction in quantum communication. Quantum key distribution mainly uses the encoding of the polarization state of photons to transmit key information. At present, the quantum key distribution developed from the BB84 protocol requires a single photon source, and the indivisibility and non-replication of single photons can ensure the security of quantum key distribution.
然而，由于技术所限理想的单光子源都不存在，因此现有技术中一般都采用弱相干光源代替理想单子光源在进行量子密钥分发。经过理论验证，采用弱相干光源代理理想单光子源也能够在一定的条件里保证量子密钥分发的安全性，但是需要保证弱相干光源的平均光子数在1个以下，并且在密钥分发过程中光源的波动不能超过5％，因此，在量子密钥分发的过程中实时监控光源的平均光子数成为实现量子密钥分发的一个必备技术。However, due to technical limitations, ideal single-photon sources do not exist, so in the prior art, weakly coherent light sources are generally used instead of ideal single-photon light sources for quantum key distribution. After theoretical verification, using a weakly coherent light source as an agent of an ideal single photon source can also guarantee the security of quantum key distribution under certain conditions, but it is necessary to ensure that the average number of photons of the weakly coherent light source is less than 1, and in the key distribution process The fluctuation of the medium light source cannot exceed 5%. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the average photon number of the light source in the process of quantum key distribution becomes an essential technology for realizing quantum key distribution.
参见图1所示，目前监控量子密钥分发光源的技术，是通过在光源总衰减前的一个分束器引出一个功率检测口进行人工监测，当光源波动超过5％时，即停止密钥的分发，这种监控方式不能区分光源的抖动来自于四个偏振方向光源中的哪个，无法根据功率检测口检测到的功率来实时反馈控制发生抖动的光源，导致量子密钥分发的效率低下。As shown in Figure 1, the current technology for monitoring the quantum key distribution light source is to manually monitor a power detection port through a beam splitter before the total attenuation of the light source. When the fluctuation of the light source exceeds 5%, the key is stopped. Distribution, this monitoring method cannot distinguish which of the four polarization light sources the jitter of the light source comes from, and cannot feedback and control the jittered light source in real time according to the power detected by the power detection port, resulting in low efficiency of quantum key distribution.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置及其监控方法，旨在解决现有的量子密钥分发光源的监控方式不能区分光源的抖动来自于四个偏振方向光源中的哪个，无法根据功率检测口检测到的功率来实时反馈控制发生抖动的光源，导致量子密钥分发的效率低下的问题。The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device and its monitoring method, aiming to solve the problem that the existing monitoring method of quantum key distribution light source cannot distinguish the jitter of the light source from the four polarization direction light sources. Which, it is impossible to feed back and control the jittering light source in real time according to the power detected by the power detection port, which leads to the problem of low efficiency of quantum key distribution.
本发明实施例是这样实现的，一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置，包括分别在每个偏振光源的光路上设置的与所述偏振光源连接的可调衰减器、与所述可调衰减器连接的分束器以及与所述分束器连接的功率检测口，其中：The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in this way. A quantum key distribution light source monitoring device includes an adjustable attenuator connected to the polarized light source and an adjustable attenuator connected to the polarized light source respectively arranged on the optical path of each polarized light source. A connected beam splitter and a power detection port connected to the beam splitter, wherein:
所述分束器，用于将所述偏振光源输出的光信号分出一束，用以进行光源监控；The beam splitter is used to split the optical signal output by the polarized light source into one beam for light source monitoring;
所述功率检测口，用于将所述光信号转换为模拟电信号，并计算出所述模拟电信号的功率；The power detection port is used to convert the optical signal into an analog electrical signal and calculate the power of the analog electrical signal;
所述可调衰减器，用于供用户根据所述模拟信号的功率调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，以实时控制所述偏振光源。The adjustable attenuator is used for the user to adjust the attenuation of the optical signal output by the polarized light source according to the power of the analog signal, so as to control the polarized light source in real time.
在上述技术方案的基础上，每个偏振光源的光路上还设置有连接在所述功率检测口和所述可调衰减器之间的控制器，其中：On the basis of the above technical solution, the optical path of each polarized light source is also provided with a controller connected between the power detection port and the adjustable attenuator, wherein:
所述控制器，用于判断所述模拟信号的功率是否符合预设要求，若不符合预设要求，则根据所述模拟信号的功率控制所述可调衰减器调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减。The controller is used to judge whether the power of the analog signal meets the preset requirements, and if it does not meet the preset requirements, control the adjustable attenuator to adjust the light output by the polarized light source according to the power of the analog signal signal attenuation.
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述控制器具体用于：On the basis of the above technical solution, the controller is specifically used for:
判断所述模拟信号的功率是否等于预设功率阈值，若不等于预设功率阈值，则根据所述模拟信号的功率控制所述可调衰减器调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，使衰减后的光信号所对应的模拟电信号的功率等于所述预设功率阈值。judging whether the power of the analog signal is equal to the preset power threshold, if not equal to the preset power threshold, controlling the adjustable attenuator to adjust the attenuation of the optical signal output by the polarized light source according to the power of the analog signal, so that The power of the analog electrical signal corresponding to the attenuated optical signal is equal to the preset power threshold.
在上述技术方案的基础上，若所述预设功率阈值为Pt，则有Pt＝hcfpA/λ；On the basis of the above technical solution, if the preset power threshold is Pt, then Pt=hcfpA/λ;
其中，h为普朗克常量，c为光速，f为偏振光源的频率，λ为偏振光源的波长，A为所述偏振光源所在光路的光信号的固定光衰减量，p为预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数。Among them, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, f is the frequency of the polarized light source, λ is the wavelength of the polarized light source, A is the fixed light attenuation of the optical signal in the optical path where the polarized light source is located, and p is the preset per The average number of photons of a pulsed light source.
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数的取值范围为小于1的正数。On the basis of the above technical solution, the value range of the preset average photon number of each pulsed light source is a positive number less than 1.
本发明实施例的另一目的在于提供一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的监控方法，其中，所述量子密钥分发光源监控装置包括分别在每个偏振光源的光路上设置的与所述偏振光源连接的可调衰减器、与所述可调衰减器连接的分束器以及与所述分束器连接的功率检测口，所述监控方法包括：Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a monitoring method for a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device, wherein the quantum key distribution light source monitoring device includes polarized An adjustable attenuator connected to the light source, a beam splitter connected to the adjustable attenuator, and a power detection port connected to the beam splitter, and the monitoring method includes:
通过各光路上的所述分束器分别将各光路上所述偏振光源输出的光信号分出一束，用以进行光源监控；Separate one beam of the optical signals output by the polarized light sources on each optical path through the beam splitters on each optical path for light source monitoring;
通过各光路上的所述功率检测口分别将各偏振光源输出的光信号转换为模拟电信号，并计算出各模拟电信号的功率；converting the optical signals output by each polarized light source into analog electrical signals through the power detection ports on each optical path, and calculating the power of each analog electrical signal;
通过各光路上的所述可调衰减器分别根据各模拟信号的功率调节各偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，以实时控制各个偏振光源。The adjustable attenuators on each optical path adjust the attenuation of the optical signal output by each polarized light source according to the power of each analog signal, so as to control each polarized light source in real time.
在上述技术方案的基础上，每个偏振光源的光路上还设置有连接在所述功率检测口和所述可调衰减器之间的控制器，其中，所述通过各光路上的所述可调衰减器分别根据各模拟信号的功率调节各偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，以实时控制各个偏振光源具体包括：On the basis of the above technical solution, the optical path of each polarized light source is also provided with a controller connected between the power detection port and the adjustable attenuator, wherein the adjustable The attenuator adjusts the attenuation of the optical signal output by each polarized light source according to the power of each analog signal, so as to control each polarized light source in real time. Specifically include:
通过所述控制器判断所述模拟信号的功率是否符合预设要求，若不符合预设要求，则根据所述模拟信号的功率控制所述可调衰减器调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减。It is judged by the controller whether the power of the analog signal meets the preset requirement, and if it does not meet the preset requirement, the adjustable attenuator is controlled according to the power of the analog signal to adjust the power of the optical signal output by the polarized light source attenuation.
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述通过所述控制器判断所述模拟信号的功率是否符合预设要求，若不符合预设要求，则根据所述模拟信号的功率控制所述可调衰减器调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减具体包括：On the basis of the above technical solution, the controller judges whether the power of the analog signal meets the preset requirements, and if it does not meet the preset requirements, the adjustable attenuator is controlled according to the power of the analog signal Adjusting the attenuation of the optical signal output by the polarized light source specifically includes:
判断所述模拟信号的功率是否等于预设功率阈值，若不等于预设功率阈值，则根据所述模拟信号的功率控制所述可调衰减器调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，使衰减后的光信号所对应的模拟电信号的功率等于所述预设功率阈值。judging whether the power of the analog signal is equal to the preset power threshold, if not equal to the preset power threshold, controlling the adjustable attenuator to adjust the attenuation of the optical signal output by the polarized light source according to the power of the analog signal, so that The power of the analog electrical signal corresponding to the attenuated optical signal is equal to the preset power threshold.
在上述技术方案的基础上，若所述预设功率阈值为Pt，则有Pt＝hcfpA/λ；On the basis of the above technical solution, if the preset power threshold is Pt, then Pt=hcfpA/λ;
其中，h为普朗克常量，c为光速，f为偏振光源的频率，λ为偏振光源的波长，A为所述偏振光源所在光路的光信号的固定光衰减量，p为预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数。Among them, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, f is the frequency of the polarized light source, λ is the wavelength of the polarized light source, A is the fixed light attenuation of the optical signal in the optical path where the polarized light source is located, and p is the preset per The average number of photons of a pulsed light source.
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数的取值范围为小于1的正数。On the basis of the above technical solution, the value range of the preset average photon number of each pulsed light source is a positive number less than 1.
实施本发明实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监测装置及其监测方法具有以下有益效果：Implementing a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device and its monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明实施例通过分别在每个偏振光源的光路上设置与所述偏振光源连接的可调衰减器、与所述可调衰减器连接的分束器、与所述分束器连接的功率检测口以及与所述功率检测口和所述可调衰减器连接的控制器，其中：所述分束器，用于将所述偏振光源输出的光信号分出一束，用以进行光源监控；所述功率检测口，用于将所述光信号转换为模拟电信号，并计算出所述模拟电信号的功率；所述可调衰减器，用于供用户根据所述模拟信号的功率调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，以实时控制所述偏振光源，从而可以在光源波动较大时准确的区分出光源的抖动来自于四个偏振方向光源中的哪个，并可以通过可调衰减器根据该光源所在功率检测口检测到的功率来实时反馈调节发生抖动的光源的衰减，避免了任何一路的光源抖动所造成的量子密钥分发的中断，提高了密钥分发的效率。In the embodiment of the present invention, an adjustable attenuator connected to the polarized light source, a beam splitter connected to the adjustable attenuator, and a power detection device connected to the beam splitter are respectively arranged on the optical path of each polarized light source. A port and a controller connected to the power detection port and the adjustable attenuator, wherein: the beam splitter is used to split the optical signal output by the polarized light source into one beam for light source monitoring; The power detection port is used to convert the optical signal into an analog electrical signal and calculate the power of the analog electrical signal; the adjustable attenuator is used for the user to adjust the power of the analog signal according to the power of the analog signal. The attenuation of the optical signal output by the polarized light source is used to control the polarized light source in real time, so that when the light source fluctuates greatly, it can be accurately distinguished which of the four polarization direction light sources the jitter of the light source comes from, and the attenuation can be adjusted According to the power detected by the power detection port where the light source is located, the device can feedback and adjust the attenuation of the jittering light source in real time, avoiding the interruption of quantum key distribution caused by the jittering of any light source, and improving the efficiency of key distribution.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是现有技术提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的应用示意图；Fig. 1 is an application schematic diagram of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by the prior art;
图2是本发明实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的应用示意图；Fig. 2 is an application schematic diagram of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明另一实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的应用示意图；Fig. 3 is an application schematic diagram of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by another embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的监控方法的示意流程图；Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a monitoring method of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明另一实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的监控方法的示意流程图。Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a monitoring method of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
图1是现有技术提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的应用示意图。参见图1所示，量子密钥分发系统包括水平偏振光源“V”、垂直偏振光源“H”、右斜45度偏振光源“+”、左斜45度偏振光源“—”、第一偏振分束器PBS1、第二偏振分束器PBS2、半波片HWP、总分束器BS以及总衰减器F-ATT，其中水平偏振光源“V”和垂直偏振光源“H”经第二偏振分束器PBS2输入至总分束器的一个支路，右斜45度偏振光源“+”和左斜45度偏振光源“—”经第一偏振分束器PBS1和半波片HWP输入至总分束器BS的另一个支路，由总分器BS将两支路光信号进行汇总后再经总衰减器F-ATT对总光源信号进行衰减后再进行量子密钥分发。现有的量子密钥分发光源监控方法是直接在总分束器的输出端引出一个功率检测口MON进行人工监测，当总分束器BS输出端的光源波动超过5％时，即停止密钥的分发，这种监控方式不能区分光源的抖动来自于四个偏振方向光源中的哪个，无法根据功率检测口检测到的功率来实时反馈控制发生抖动的光源，导致量子密钥分发的效率低下。Fig. 1 is an application schematic diagram of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided in the prior art. Referring to Figure 1, the quantum key distribution system includes a horizontally polarized light source "V", a vertically polarized light source "H", a right-inclined 45-degree polarized light source "+", a left-inclined 45-degree polarized light source "-", the first polarized Beamer PBS1, second polarization beam splitter PBS2, half-wave plate HWP, total beam splitter BS and total attenuator F-ATT, wherein the horizontally polarized light source "V" and the vertically polarized light source "H" are split by the second polarized beam The polarizer PBS2 is input to a branch of the total beam splitter, and the right oblique 45-degree polarized light source "+" and the left oblique 45-degree polarized light source "-" are input to the total beam splitter through the first polarizing beam splitter PBS1 and the half-wave plate HWP In the other branch of the BS, the optical signal of the two branches is aggregated by the total splitter BS, and then the total light source signal is attenuated by the total attenuator F-ATT before the quantum key is distributed. The existing quantum key distribution light source monitoring method is to directly lead a power detection port MON at the output end of the total beam splitter for manual monitoring. When the light source fluctuation at the output end of the total beam splitter BS exceeds 5%, that is, stop the key Distribution, this monitoring method cannot distinguish which of the four polarization light sources the jitter of the light source comes from, and cannot feedback and control the jittered light source in real time according to the power detected by the power detection port, resulting in low efficiency of quantum key distribution.
为了克服现有的量子分发光源监控方法存在的上述缺陷，本发明实施例提供了一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置。图2示出了本发明实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的应用示意图。为了便于说明仅仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分。In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the existing quantum distribution light source monitoring method, an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device. Fig. 2 shows an application schematic diagram of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of description, only the parts related to this embodiment are shown.
参见图2所示，本实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置包括分别在每个偏振光源的光路上设置的与所述偏振光源连接的可调衰减器R-ATT1～R-ATT4、分别与所述可调衰减器R-ATT1～R-ATT4连接的分束器BS1～BS4以及分别与所述分束器BS1～BS4连接的功率检测口MON1～MON4，其中：Referring to Fig. 2, a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided in this embodiment includes adjustable attenuators R-ATT1~R-ATT4 connected to the polarized light source respectively arranged on the optical path of each polarized light source , beam splitters BS1-BS4 respectively connected to the adjustable attenuators R-ATT1-R-ATT4, and power detection ports MON1-MON4 respectively connected to the beam splitters BS1-BS4, wherein:
所述分束器BS1～BS4，用于将所述偏振光源输出的光信号分出一束，用以进行光源监控；The beam splitters BS1-BS4 are used to split the optical signal output by the polarized light source into one beam for light source monitoring;
所述功率检测口MON1～MON4，用于将所述光信号转换为模拟电信号，并计算出所述模拟电信号的功率；The power detection ports MON1-MON4 are used to convert the optical signal into an analog electrical signal and calculate the power of the analog electrical signal;
所述可调衰减器R-ATT1～R-ATT4，用于供用户根据所述模拟信号的功率调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，以实时控制所述偏振光源。The adjustable attenuators R-ATT1 to R-ATT4 are used for the user to adjust the attenuation of the optical signal output by the polarized light source according to the power of the analog signal, so as to control the polarized light source in real time.
在本实施例中，偏振光源与可调衰减器之间、可调衰减器与分束器之间、分束器与功率检测口之间可通过光纤器件或者自由空间连接。In this embodiment, the polarized light source and the adjustable attenuator, the adjustable attenuator and the beam splitter, and the beam splitter and the power detection port can be connected through optical fiber devices or free space.
本实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置由于在每路偏振光源所在的光路中均引入了一个功率检测口，因此可以分别对每路偏振光源进行单独监测，从而区分出哪一路的光源发生了抖动，并且由于每路偏振光源所在的光路上均设置有一个可以用以调节光源衰减量的可调衰减器，因此可以使用户通过可调衰减器根据各光路上的监测结果实时调整各条光路上的偏振光源的衰减，以使其满足量子密钥分发的要求，进而可以避免任何一路的光源抖动所造成的量子密钥分发的中断，提高了密钥分发的效率。The quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided in this embodiment introduces a power detection port in the optical path where each polarized light source is located, so each polarized light source can be monitored separately, thereby distinguishing which path The light source is shaken, and since an adjustable attenuator is set on the optical path where each polarized light source is located, the attenuator can be adjusted in real time according to the monitoring results of each optical path. The attenuation of the polarized light sources on each optical path meets the requirements of quantum key distribution, thereby avoiding the interruption of quantum key distribution caused by the jitter of any light source, and improving the efficiency of key distribution.
图3示出了本发明另一实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的应用示意图。为了便于说明仅仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分。Fig. 3 shows an application schematic diagram of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by another embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of description, only the parts related to this embodiment are shown.
参见图3所示，相对于上一实施例，本实施例提供的一种量子迷药分发光源监控装置还包括每个偏振光源的光路上设置的连接在所述功率检测口和所述可调衰减器之间的控制器CPU1～CPU4，其中：Referring to Fig. 3, compared with the previous embodiment, a quantum drug distribution light source monitoring device provided by this embodiment also includes a light path of each polarized light source connected to the power detection port and the adjustable Controllers CPU1~CPU4 between the attenuators, where:
所述控制器CPU1～CPU4，用于判断所述模拟信号的功率是否符合预设要求，若不符合预设要求，则根据所述模拟信号的功率控制所述可调衰减器调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减。The controllers CPU1-CPU4 are used to judge whether the power of the analog signal meets the preset requirement, and if it does not meet the preset requirement, control the adjustable attenuator to adjust the polarized light source according to the power of the analog signal Attenuation of the output optical signal.
进一步的，所述控制器CPU1～CPU4具体用于：Further, the controllers CPU1-CPU4 are specifically used for:
判断所述模拟信号的功率是否等于预设功率阈值，若不等于预设功率阈值，则根据所述模拟信号的功率控制所述可调衰减器调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，使衰减后的光信号所对应的模拟电信号的功率等于所述预设功率阈值。judging whether the power of the analog signal is equal to the preset power threshold, if not equal to the preset power threshold, controlling the adjustable attenuator to adjust the attenuation of the optical signal output by the polarized light source according to the power of the analog signal, so that The power of the analog electrical signal corresponding to the attenuated optical signal is equal to the preset power threshold.
进一步的，若所述预设功率阈值为Pt，则有Pt＝hcfpA/λ；Further, if the preset power threshold is Pt, then Pt=hcfpA/λ;
其中，h为普朗克常量，c为光速，f为偏振光源的频率，λ为偏振光源的波长，A为所述偏振光源所在光路的光信号的固定光衰减量，p为预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数。Among them, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, f is the frequency of the polarized light source, λ is the wavelength of the polarized light source, A is the fixed light attenuation of the optical signal in the optical path where the polarized light source is located, and p is the preset per The average number of photons of a pulsed light source.
进一步的，所述预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数的取值范围为小于1的正数。优选的，在本实施例中，所述预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数为0.1个，这样可以使得弱相干光源最接近理想的单光子源。Further, the value range of the preset average number of photons per pulse light source is a positive number less than 1. Preferably, in this embodiment, the preset average number of photons per pulse light source is 0.1, which can make the weakly coherent light source closest to an ideal single photon source.
在本实施例中，由于在每个偏振光源所在的光路中均设置有一连接在功率检测口和可调衰减器之间的控制器，因此每条光路中均可以通过所述控制器来实现根据功率检测口输出的功率反馈控制所述可调衰减器调节偏振光源的衰减量，以使各条光路上的偏振光源均满足量子密钥分发的要求的目的，其无需用户手动控制可调衰减器，因此，相对于上一实施例，效率更高，并且实时性更好。In this embodiment, since a controller connected between the power detection port and the adjustable attenuator is provided in the optical path where each polarized light source is located, each optical path can be realized by the controller according to The power feedback output by the power detection port controls the adjustable attenuator to adjust the attenuation of the polarized light source, so that the polarized light source on each optical path meets the requirements of quantum key distribution, which does not require the user to manually control the adjustable attenuator , therefore, compared with the previous embodiment, the efficiency is higher and the real-time performance is better.
需要说明的是，本实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监测装置中的其他部件均与图2所示实施例所提供的监测装置中的相同，因此，在此不再赘述。It should be noted that other components in the monitoring device for a quantum key distribution light source provided in this embodiment are the same as those in the monitoring device provided in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , so details are not repeated here.
因此，可以看出，本实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监测装置同样可以区分出是哪一路的光源发生了抖动，并且可以通过控制器自动控制可调衰减器根据各光路上的监测结果实时调整各条光路上的偏振光源的衰减，以使其满足量子密钥分发的要求，进而可以避免任何一路的光源抖动所造成的量子密钥分发的中断，提高了密钥分发的效率。Therefore, it can be seen that the quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided in this embodiment can also distinguish which light source is shaking, and can automatically control the adjustable attenuator according to the monitoring of each optical path through the controller. Results Adjust the attenuation of polarized light sources on each optical path in real time to meet the requirements of quantum key distribution, thereby avoiding the interruption of quantum key distribution caused by light source jitter in any path, and improving the efficiency of key distribution.
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的监控方法的示意流程图，该方法的执行主体是图2所示实施例提供的监控装置。参见图4所示，本实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的监控方法包括：Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a monitoring method of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and the execution subject of the method is the monitoring device provided by the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 . Referring to Figure 4, a monitoring method for a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided in this embodiment includes:
在S401中，通过各光路上的所述分束器分别将各光路上所述偏振光源输出的光信号分出一束，用以进行光源监控。In S401, the optical signals output by the polarized light sources on each optical path are split into one beam by the beam splitter on each optical path, so as to monitor the light source.
在S402中，通过各光路上的所述功率检测口分别将各偏振光源输出的光信号转换为模拟电信号，并计算出各模拟电信号的功率。In S402, the optical signals output by each polarized light source are respectively converted into analog electrical signals through the power detection ports on each optical path, and the power of each analog electrical signal is calculated.
在S403中，通过各光路上的所述可调衰减器分别根据各模拟信号的功率调节各偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，以实时控制各个偏振光源。In S403, the attenuation of the optical signal output by each polarized light source is adjusted through the adjustable attenuator on each optical path according to the power of each analog signal, so as to control each polarized light source in real time.
本实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的监控方法由于在每路偏振光源所在的光路中均引入了一个功率检测口，因此可以分别对每路偏振光源进行单独监测，从而区分出哪一路的光源发生了抖动，并且由于每路偏振光源所在的光路上均设置有一个可以用以调节光源衰减量的可调衰减器，因此可以使用户通过可调衰减器根据各光路上的监测结果实时调整各条光路上的偏振光源的衰减，以使其满足量子密钥分发的要求，进而可以避免任何一路的光源抖动所造成的量子密钥分发的中断，提高了密钥分发的效率。In the monitoring method of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided in this embodiment, since a power detection port is introduced into the optical path where each polarized light source is located, each polarized light source can be monitored separately, thereby distinguishing Which path of the light source is shaken, and since the optical path where each polarized light source is located is equipped with an adjustable attenuator that can be used to adjust the attenuation of the light source, the user can use the adjustable attenuator according to the monitoring of each optical path Results Adjust the attenuation of polarized light sources on each optical path in real time to meet the requirements of quantum key distribution, thereby avoiding the interruption of quantum key distribution caused by light source jitter in any path, and improving the efficiency of key distribution.
图5是本发明另一实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的监控方法的示意流程图，该方法的执行主体是图3所示实施例提供的监控装置。参见图5所示，本实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监控装置的监控方法包括：Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a monitoring method of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by another embodiment of the present invention, and the execution subject of the method is the monitoring device provided in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 . Referring to Figure 5, a monitoring method for a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided in this embodiment includes:
在S501中，通过各光路上的所述分束器分别将各光路上所述偏振光源输出的光信号分出一束，用以进行光源监控。In S501, the optical signal output by the polarized light source on each optical path is split into one beam by the beam splitter on each optical path, so as to monitor the light source.
在S502中，通过各光路上的所述功率检测口分别将各偏振光源输出的光信号转换为模拟电信号，并计算出各模拟电信号的功率。In S502, the optical signals output by each polarized light source are respectively converted into analog electrical signals through the power detection ports on each optical path, and the power of each analog electrical signal is calculated.
在S503中，通过所述控制器判断所述模拟信号的功率是否符合预设要求，若不符合预设要求，则根据所述模拟信号的功率控制所述可调衰减器调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减。In S503, it is judged by the controller whether the power of the analog signal meets the preset requirement, and if the power of the analog signal does not meet the preset requirement, the adjustable attenuator is controlled according to the power of the analog signal to adjust the output of the polarized light source attenuation of the optical signal.
在本实施例中，步骤S503具体包括：In this embodiment, step S503 specifically includes:
判断所述模拟信号的功率是否等于预设功率阈值，若不等于预设功率阈值，则根据所述模拟信号的功率控制所述可调衰减器调节所述偏振光源输出的光信号的衰减，使衰减后的光信号所对应的模拟电信号的功率等于所述预设功率阈值。judging whether the power of the analog signal is equal to the preset power threshold, if not equal to the preset power threshold, controlling the adjustable attenuator to adjust the attenuation of the optical signal output by the polarized light source according to the power of the analog signal, so that The power of the analog electrical signal corresponding to the attenuated optical signal is equal to the preset power threshold.
进一步的，若所述预设功率阈值为Pt，则有Pt＝hcfpA/λ；Further, if the preset power threshold is Pt, then Pt=hcfpA/λ;
其中，h为普朗克常量，c为光速，f为偏振光源的频率，λ为偏振光源的波长，A为所述偏振光源所在光路的光信号的固定光衰减量，p为预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数。Among them, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, f is the frequency of the polarized light source, λ is the wavelength of the polarized light source, A is the fixed light attenuation of the optical signal in the optical path where the polarized light source is located, and p is the preset per The average number of photons of a pulsed light source.
进一步的，所述预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数的取值范围为小于1的正数。优选的，在本实施例中，所述预设的每个脉冲光源的平均光子数为0.1个，这样可以使得弱相干光源最接近理想的单光子源。Further, the value range of the preset average number of photons per pulse light source is a positive number less than 1. Preferably, in this embodiment, the preset average number of photons per pulse light source is 0.1, which can make the weakly coherent light source closest to an ideal single photon source.
在本实施例中，由于在每个偏振光源所在的光路中均设置有一连接在功率检测口和可调衰减器之间的控制器，因此每条光路中均可以通过所述控制器来实现根据功率检测口输出的功率反馈控制所述可调衰减器调节偏振光源的衰减量，以使各条光路上的偏振光源均满足量子密钥分发的要求的目的，其无需用户手动控制可调衰减器，因此，相对于上一实施例，效率更高，并且实时性更好。In this embodiment, since a controller connected between the power detection port and the adjustable attenuator is provided in the optical path where each polarized light source is located, each optical path can be realized by the controller according to The power feedback output by the power detection port controls the adjustable attenuator to adjust the attenuation of the polarized light source, so that the polarized light source on each optical path meets the requirements of quantum key distribution, which does not require the user to manually control the adjustable attenuator , therefore, compared with the previous embodiment, the efficiency is higher and the real-time performance is better.
因此，可以看出，本实施例提供的一种量子密钥分发光源监测装置的监测方法同样可以区分出是哪一路的光源发生了抖动，并且可以通过控制器自动控制可调衰减器根据各光路上的监测结果实时调整各条光路上的偏振光源的衰减，以使其满足量子密钥分发的要求，进而可以避免任何一路的光源抖动所造成的量子密钥分发的中断，提高了密钥分发的效率。Therefore, it can be seen that the monitoring method of a quantum key distribution light source monitoring device provided by this embodiment can also distinguish which light source is shaking, and can automatically control the adjustable attenuator according to each light source through the controller. The monitoring results on the road adjust the attenuation of the polarized light source on each optical path in real time to meet the requirements of quantum key distribution, thereby avoiding the interruption of quantum key distribution caused by the jitter of the light source on any path, and improving the quality of key distribution. s efficiency.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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| CN106357399B (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2019-09-24 | 深圳市太赫兹科技创新研究院有限公司 | A quantum key distribution light source monitoring device and monitoring method thereof |
| CN110620616B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2023-01-31 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Weak coherent light source device and quantum key distribution system |
| CN111526004B (en) * | 2019-02-03 | 2022-04-12 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Transmitting device, receiving device and related system of quantum key distribution system |
| CN112929159B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-07-05 | 北京中创为南京量子通信技术有限公司 | Encoding device and method in quantum key distribution system |
| CN111307282B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-06-29 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Single photon source preparation system and method |
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| US7242775B2 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2007-07-10 | Magiq Technologies, Inc. | Optical pulse calibration for quantum key distribution |
| CN101150371B (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2012-02-29 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | A quantum key distribution system with phase-encoded polarization detection |
| US8433070B2 (en) * | 2010-05-17 | 2013-04-30 | Raytheon Bbn Technologies Corp. | Systems and methods for stabilization of interferometers for quantum key distribution |
| CN102223181A (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2011-10-19 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | Control method of electrical variable optical attenuator and optical attenuation system |
| EP2856697A4 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2016-03-02 | Nokia Technologies Oy | SECURE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS |
| CN102724036B (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2015-01-14 | 上海交通大学 | Continuous variable quantum key distribution system and synchronous realization method thereof |
| CN102820968B (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2016-04-20 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Based on quantum key distribution transformer station between measurement and control signal one-time pad transmission system |
| CN102916807B (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2015-05-20 | 上海交通大学 | Polarization compensation implementation method of continuous variable quantum key distribution system |
| CN102983962A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-03-20 | 上海朗研光电科技有限公司 | Polarization self-starting method for polarization encoding quantum secret key distribution system |
| CN104506305A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 北京大学 | Signal source monitoring device and method in quantum key distribution system |
| CN104780039B (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2017-10-31 | 宁波大学 | A kind of polarization compensation implementation method in quantum key distribution |
| CN106357399B (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2019-09-24 | 深圳市太赫兹科技创新研究院有限公司 | A quantum key distribution light source monitoring device and monitoring method thereof |
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| WO2018076936A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
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