CN209170385U - A kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization - Google Patents
A kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization Download PDFInfo
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- CN209170385U CN209170385U CN201822139213.9U CN201822139213U CN209170385U CN 209170385 U CN209170385 U CN 209170385U CN 201822139213 U CN201822139213 U CN 201822139213U CN 209170385 U CN209170385 U CN 209170385U
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Abstract
The Bell state measuring device based on polarization that the utility model discloses a kind of, the Bell state measuring device receive the quantum signal from two receiving ports, and the input terminal through the first polarization beam apparatus is incident respectively；Then pass through the first Polarization Controller, the second sub- State evolution of Polarization Controller distich resultant, it projects and exports using the second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus, it is separately detected by the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, third single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector, it is sent to coincidence counting device to be counted, the final measurement for realizing Bell state.Bell state measuring device disclosed in the utility model can form the unrelated quantum key distribution system of measuring device based on Bell state, and using linear optical element, cost is relatively low, and technology maturation is reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum information and technical field of photo communication, in particular to a kind of Bell state measurement based on polarization
Device.
Background technique
Quantum information is product of the quantum physics in conjunction with information theory, with quantum key distribution (Quantum Key
Distribution, QKD) it is that the Technique on Quantum Communication of representative is based on physical principle rather than mathematical algorithm, it is ensured that and key exists
Theoretically absolute safety is to realize evincible unique secure communication mode at present in conjunction with the encryption system of one-time pad.
However, because practical devices and environment have differences with ideal, quantum key distribution is in practical applications
Safety receives huge challenge.Such as (photon is attacked using the common weak quasi- single-photon source of coherent state as the PNS of object of attack
Number beam-splitting attack), using single-photon detector as the attack of the detector blinding of object of attack, time shift attack etc., seriously affect QKD
Safety.People make efforts theoretical and experimental, it is intended to make up these defects.2005, inveigle mentioning for state scheme
Multi-photon ingredient bring defect in the quasi- single-photon source of weak coherent state is efficiently solved out.2012, measuring device independent protocol
Proposition then disposably close the defect of detector.
The unrelated quantum key distribution of earliest measuring device is measured based on Bell state.Alice and Bob prepare quantum respectively
State (straight line base: horizontal state of polarization | H > or perpendicular polarisation state | V >；Diagonal base :+45 ° of polarization states |+> or -45 ° of polarization states | ->) simultaneously
It is sent to incredible third party Charlie (Eve).Charlie is obtained by Bell state measurement as a result, if measurement result isWhen, expression measures successfully.Charlie announces measurement result, and Alice and Bob are according to survey
Security key can be obtained to local data operation in amount result.
Measuring device independent protocol is the indistinguishability based on photon, and the quantum for projecting two photons using beam splitter is dry
State is related to, to obtain the determination relationship between two photons.After announcing this relationship by overt channel, the both sides of communication are just
It can be judged whether to need to carry out bit reversal according to local information, to obtain identical key.Substantially, the third of measurement
Side can only obtain the logical relation of the key of communicating pair by Bell state measurement, and be unable to get the absolute value of actual key.
In this sense, the safety of key is unrelated with third party's measuring device.Even measuring device is grasped in listener-in
When will not influence the safety of key.Because measuring device independent protocol is equivalent to after tangling agreement, it has been found that obtain
Determining measurement result means that communicating pair has shared and perfectly tangles particle pair, and third party/listener-in is unable to get this and entangles
Twine any information of particle pair.
Earliest measuring device independent protocol is utilized this linear optics device of beam splitter and realizes Bell state measurement.Although
Device is very simple, but in practical applications, the photon for loading key information will receive the influence of external environment, such as
The birefringence effect of optical fiber, ambient temperature etc. cause the quantum bit error rate of system to rise.After quantum bit error rate is higher than certain value,
System cannot guarantee safety.In addition, the program needs more bit reversals, to excessively consume the communication money of both sides
Source.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in view of the above problems, it is therefore an objective to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide and provide one kind and be based on
The Bell state measuring device of polarization, there are two input ports for device tool, two photons are received respectively, by drilling for internal components
It after change, is detected by four single photon devices, recently enters coincidence counting device and counted.
The Bell state measuring device based on polarization that the utility model proposes a kind of, the device are based on linear optical element and list
Photon detector realizes the Bell state measurement based on polarization, identifies quantum stateIt can make
For the decoder of the unrelated quantum key distribution system of measuring device, new quantum key distribution scheme is formed.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the utility model is realized in this way: a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization,
In:
There are two receiving ports for the Bell state measuring device tool；The receiving port is for receiving from quantum channel
Two photons to be measured；
The quantum channel is optical fiber or free space.
The Bell state measuring device includes the first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus, the
One Polarization Controller, the second Polarization Controller and four single-photon detectors.
First polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus use four port polarization beam splitters,
Perpendicular polarisation state can be reflected with transmission level polarization state.
The photon that described two receiving ports receive enters Bell state measuring device, controls by polarization beam apparatus and polarization
The quantum states of the optical elements such as device processed converts, and finally reaches single-photon detector, single-photon detector quantum state based on the received
It responds:
The i.e. described Bell state measuring device receives the quantum signal of two receiving ports, the input through the first polarization beam apparatus
Bell state measuring device is incident at end respectively, then passes through the first Polarization Controller, quantum state is closed in the second Polarization Controller distich
Evolution, project and export using the second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus, by the first single-photon detector, second
Single-photon detector, third single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector separately detect, and are sent to coincidence counting device and unite
Meter.
Specifically: first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus are the inclined of 50:50
Shake beam splitter.
Second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus are used to the polarization state of input light rotating 45 °.
First single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, third single-photon detector, the 4th single photon detection
Device is threshold detector, for having detected whether photon arrival.
The coincidence counting device judges measurement result according to the response of single-photon detector.
When:
First single-photon detector, third single-photon detector；
Second single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector；
Any group respond expression quantum state simultaneously are as follows:
When:
First single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector；
Second single-photon detector, third single-photon detector；
Any group respond expression quantum state simultaneously are as follows:
Both the above situation thinks to measure successfully.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the Bell state measuring device based on polarization that the utility model proposes a kind of, close as the unrelated quantum of measuring device
The relaying measuring unit of key distribution, incorporating quantum terminal unit can form the unrelated quantum of the new measuring device based on Bell state
Cipher key distribution scheme.
2. the utility model uses linear optical element, at low cost, technology maturation is reliable.
3. replacing half-wave plate using Polarization Controller, more flexibly.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the quantum terminal unit of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the Bell state measuring device of the utility model；
Fig. 3 is the structure principle chart of the utility model.
Description of symbols:
Quantum terminal unit Alice-1 '；First pulse laser -101, first phase modulator -102, the first polarization are adjusted
Device -103, the first intensity modulator -104, the first adjustable attenuator -105, the first optical channel monitor -106 processed；
Quantum terminal unit Bob-2 '；Second pulse laser -201, second phase modulator -202, the second Polarization Modulation
Device -203, the second intensity modulator -204, the second adjustable attenuator -205, the second optical channel monitor -206；
Bell state measuring device Charlie-3；First polarization beam apparatus -301, the second polarization beam apparatus -302, third are inclined
Shake beam splitter -303；First Polarization Controller -311, the second Polarization Controller -312；First single-photon detector -321, the second
Single-photon detector -322, four single-photon detector -324 of third single-photon detector -323, the；Coincidence counting device -331.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment of the present utility model is described further with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Referring to shown in attached drawing 1- Fig. 3, a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization is applied to the unrelated quantum of measuring device
Key distribution system, including quantum terminal unit Alice-1 ', quantum terminal unit Bob-2 ' and Bell state measuring device
Charlie-3'；Wherein:
Wherein Alice is identical with the structure of Bob, is the object i.e. communication terminal of key distribution, for generating simultaneously
Modulation pulse laser is different quantum states, finally realizes that key is shared.
Described Alice, Bob and Charlie are a names to each unit, without physical meaning.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the quantum terminal unit Alice-1 ' includes first pulse laser -101,
First phase modulator -102, the first light polarization modulator -103, the first intensity modulator -104, the first adjustable attenuator -105,
First optical channel monitor -106；
As shown in Figure 1, the quantum terminal unit Bob-2 ' includes second pulse laser -201, second phase modulation
Device -202, the second light polarization modulator -203, the second intensity modulator -204, the second adjustable attenuator -205, the second optical channel prison
Control device -206；
As shown in Fig. 2, the Bell state measuring device Charlie-3 ' is polarized including first polarization beam apparatus -301, the second
Beam splitter -302, third polarization beam apparatus -303, the first Polarization Controller -311, the second Polarization Controller -312, the first monochromatic light
Sub- detector -321, the second single-photon detector -322, four single-photon detector -324 of third single-photon detector -323, the,
Coincidence counting device -331.
As shown in figure 3, when utility model works, the first, second pulse of quantum the terminal unit Alice and Bob
Laser (PDL808Sepia, Picoquant) 101,201 issues the pulse laser of 1550nm respectively, utilizes the first, second phase
102,202 difference random loading phase of position modulator (Photline MPZ), utilizes the first, second light polarization modulator (General
Photonics MPC) 103,203 respectively pulse laser Stochastic Modulation at level, vertically ,+45 ° or -45 ° of polarization states are passed through
First, second intensity modulator (Photline MXAN) 104,204 marks respectively inveigles state or signal state, using first, the
Two adjustable attenuators 105,205, which are decayed, specifies the pulse of average photon number, is subsequently sent to Bell state measuring device Charlie-
3 ', wherein the first, second optical channel monitor 106,206 is used to estimate that the number of photons distribution of quantum channel and monitoring wooden horse to be attacked
It hits；
Modulated quantum state throughput subchannel transmission is to Bell state measuring device Charlie-3 ', through the first polarization point
The input terminal of beam device 301 is incident on Bell state measuring device respectively, by the first Polarization Controller 311, the second Polarization Controller
The 312 sub- State evolutions of distich resultant are projected and are exported by the second polarization beam apparatus 302, third polarization beam apparatus 303, by the
One, second, third, the 4th single-photon detector 321,322,323,324 separately detect, input coincidence counting device 331 unite
Meter.
Bell state measuring device Charlie-3 ' announces measurement result.
When:
First single-photon detector 321, third single-photon detector 323；
Second single-photon detector 322, the 4th single-photon detector 324；
Any group respond expression quantum state simultaneously are as follows:
When:
First single-photon detector 321, the 4th single-photon detector 324；
Second single-photon detector 322, third single-photon detector 323；
Any group respond expression quantum state simultaneously are as follows:
Both the above situation thinks to measure successfully.
Communicating pair Alice and Bob according to Charlie announce as a result, comparison local information after, to local quantum state table
The bit information shown does not do operation or does bit reversal operation.Concrete mode is as shown in the table.
If should be noted that, using+45 ° of diagonal base and -45 ° of polarization states, theory shows the error code of diagonal base
Rate is greater than straight line base, therefore diagonal base can be used for estimated bit error, but is not used in generation key.
1. the Bell state measuring device based on polarization that the utility model proposes a kind of, close as the unrelated quantum of measuring device
The relaying measuring unit of key distribution, incorporating quantum terminal unit can form the unrelated quantum key of measuring device based on Bell state
Dissemination system.
2. the utility model uses linear optical element, at low cost, technology maturation is reliable.
3. replacing half-wave plate using Polarization Controller, more flexibly.
According to the disclosure and teachings of the above specification, the utility model those skilled in the art can also be to above-mentioned reality
The mode of applying is changed and is modified.Therefore, the utility model is not limited to specific embodiment disclosed and described above, right
Some modifications and changes of utility model should also be as falling into the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.In addition, although
It is used some specific terms in this specification, these terms are merely for convenience of description, not to the utility model structure
At any restrictions.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization, it is characterised in that: including the first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam splitting
Device, third polarization beam apparatus, the first beam splitter, the first Polarization Controller, the second Polarization Controller, the first single-photon detector,
Second single-photon detector, third single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector and coincidence counting device；
The Bell state measuring device also has there are two receiving port, and two receiving ports receive to be measured from quantum channel
Two photons, two photons are inputted from the input terminal of the first polarization beam apparatus, are divided after being divided into two-way by the first polarization beam apparatus
It is not incident on the first Polarization Controller and the second Polarization Controller, at first Polarization Controller and the second Polarization Controller
The polarization state for rotating photon, is then separately sent to the second polarization beam apparatus and third polarization beam apparatus is projected and exported, described
The photon of second polarization beam apparatus output enters the first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector is detected, described
The photon of second polarization beam apparatus output enters third single-photon detector and the 4th single-photon detector is detected, finally
The knot that first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, third single-photon detector and the 4th single-photon detector detect
Fruit is sent to coincidence counting device and is counted.
2. a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the polarization beam apparatus
For four port polarization beam splitters.
3. a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the polarization beam apparatus
Transmission level polarization state reflects perpendicular polarisation state.
4. a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the quantum channel is
Optical fiber or free space.
5. a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: first polarization point
Beam device, the second polarization beam apparatus and third polarization beam apparatus are the polarization beam apparatus of 50:50.
6. a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the first polarization control
The polarization state of input light is rotated 45 ° by device processed and the second Polarization Controller.
7. a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: first single photon
Detector, the second single-photon detector, third single-photon detector and the 4th single-photon detector are threshold detector, for visiting
Whether survey has photon arrival.
8. a kind of Bell state measuring device based on polarization as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the coincidence counting device
Measurement result is judged according to the response of single-photon detector.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111245605A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-06-05 | 华南师范大学 | Multi-user measuring equipment independent QKD system and method based on GHZ entangled state |
| CN117134912A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-11-28 | 中国科学技术大学 | Quantum key distribution system |
-
2018
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201822139213.9U patent/CN209170385U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111245605A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-06-05 | 华南师范大学 | Multi-user measuring equipment independent QKD system and method based on GHZ entangled state |
| CN111245605B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-11-11 | 广东尤科泊得科技发展有限公司 | Multi-user measuring equipment independent QKD system and method based on GHZ entangled state |
| CN117134912A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-11-28 | 中国科学技术大学 | Quantum key distribution system |
| CN117134912B (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-02-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Quantum key distribution system |
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