CN106352991A - Device and apparatus for measuring fiber grating wavelength - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and apparatus for measuring fiber grating wavelength; the device comprises an optical splitter and a photoelectric converter, having transmission ratio curves; narrow-band light of a fiber grating to be measured is split by the optical splitter into two optical signals, the two optical signals are converted by the photoelectric converter respectively into reference electrical signals and measurement electrical signals having different powers; the electrical signals are compared and analyzed via an electrical signal processing circuit respectively to obtain wavelength of the fiber grating to be measured; the device and apparatus provided herein are low in cost, have weak optical noise signals and are simple to apply to measure wavelengths.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of optical measurement, in particular to a device and equipment for measuring the wavelength of a fiber grating.
Background art:
MOREY in 1989 first reported that Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) was used as a sensing device. A fiber grating is a passive device, which is actually a segment of optical fiber having a periodic refractive index structure in the core, or referred to as bragg reflector in the core of the optical fiber. The method uses the ultraviolet photosensitivity of the optical fiber material, exposes the bare fiber to the interference pattern of the ultraviolet light beam from the side surface by the methods of a double-beam interference method, a phase mask method and the like, writes the interference pattern into the optical fiber, and forms a space phase grating in the fiber core. When the optical signal with a certain spectrum width passes through the fiber grating, the optical wave with a specific wavelength is reflected back along the original path, and the optical signals with the other wavelengths are directly transmitted out. According to the theory of mode coupling, λΒThe wavelength of 2n Λ is reflected back by the fiber grating (where λΒCenter wavelength of the fiber grating, Λ the grating period, n the effective index of the core)ΒThe effective refractive index n of the fiber core is related to the grating period Λ, so that when the external measured temperature and stress of the fiber grating change, the change of the reflected central wavelength is caused.
Wherein,which is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the optical fiber,is the thermo-optic coefficient of the optical fiber material,is the elasto-optic coefficient of the fiber optic material. The temperature coefficient for the center wavelength was about 10.3 pm/deg.C and the strain coefficient was 1.209pm/μ in the 1550nm window.
Temperature induced shift of the grating center wavelength is mainly due to two factors: the thermo-optic effect of the fiber material, which plays a major role, plays a minor role as a thermal expansion effect. Therefore, the central wavelength drift of the grating reflects the change condition of the temperature field, thereby achieving the purpose of measurement. The change relation of the central wavelength of the fiber grating with the temperature is linear, so the fiber grating can be conveniently applied to the sensing field.
The fiber grating belongs to a reflection type working device, when continuous broadband light emitted by a light source is transmitted through a transmission fiber, the continuous broadband light is coupled with a light field, selectively reflects the broadband light back to a corresponding narrow-band light and returns along the original transmission fiber; the rest of the broadband light is directly transmitted through.
The fiber grating has the advantages of electromagnetic resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, no electric quantity, no heat generation, flame resistance, explosion resistance, light weight, small volume, safe operation in harmful or dangerous environments and the like, along with the rapid increase of social information demands, optical communication is one of main pillars in the information field and is continuously challenged newly, and the optical communication is required to be continuously updated and improved so as to adapt to the rapid development of the information society. Fiber gratings have been applied to laser light sources, optical amplifiers, optical signal processing, wavelength division multiplexing, optical add/drop, and optical filtering in the field of optical communications: the fiber grating can be used for manufacturing a high-power fiber laser, a narrow-band laser and a tunable laser; the fiber grating can be used for manufacturing a gain flattening filter for gain equalization of the EDFA; the fiber dispersion compensator can be made by fiber grating; the fiber grating can be used for manufacturing a dense wavelength division multiplexer and a network up/down splitter with obvious advantages; the fiber grating can realize ultra-narrow band filtering and the like.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a device and equipment for measuring the wavelength of a fiber grating, which have the advantages of low cost, small optical noise signal and practical and simple wavelength measurement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the device for measuring the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating comprises a light splitting device with a transmission ratio curve and a photoelectric converter; forming two paths of optical signals by passing narrow-band light of the fiber bragg grating to be detected through the light splitting device, wherein the two paths of optical signals are converted into reference electrical signals and measuring electrical signals with different powers through the photoelectric converter respectively; and the electrical signals are respectively compared and analyzed by an electrical signal processing circuit to obtain the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to be detected.
The narrow-band light of the fiber bragg grating to be detected is output from a third end port of the fiber bragg coupler through a broadband light source, the fiber bragg coupler and the reflection of the fiber bragg grating to be detected.
The narrow-band light of the fiber bragg grating to be detected is output from a third end port of the circulator through a broadband light source, the circulator and the reflection of the fiber bragg grating to be detected.
The light splitting device comprises a linear optical filter; the optical signal of the narrow-band light is divided into two paths of optical signals through the optical power coupler, one path of optical signal is directly transmitted to the photoelectric converter to be converted into an electrical signal which is used as a reference electrical signal, and the other path of optical signal is transmitted to the photoelectric converter to be converted into a measurement electrical signal after passing through the linear optical filter.
The light splitting device is a double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer; and the optical signal of the narrow-band light is divided into two paths of optical signals by the double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer.
The electric signal processing circuit comprises a signal amplifying circuit and a data processing circuit.
The measurement electrical signal formed by the linear filter and the photoelectric converter and the reference electrical signal formed by the photoelectric converter corresponding to the measurement electrical signal respectively pass through an amplifier in a signal amplifying circuit, then a digital signal is obtained by an A/D converter, and the digital signal passes through a microprocessor in a data processing circuit to obtain the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to be measured.
The measured electrical signal formed by the double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer and the photoelectric converter and the reference electrical signal corresponding to the measured electrical signal are respectively subjected to logarithmic amplifiers in the signal amplification circuit to obtain digital signals, and the digital signals are processed by a microprocessor in the data processing circuit to obtain the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to be measured.
The broadband light source is a spontaneous emission light source ASE, a light emitting diode LED light source or a semiconductor laser diode LD light source; the luminous wavelength of the broadband light source is consistent with that of a working window adopting optical fibers, and the luminous wavelength of the broadband light source comprises a C wave band of 1525 nm-1565 nm, an L wave band of 1565 nm-1625 nm, a C + L wave band of 1525 nm-1625 nm, an S wave band of 1460 nm-1525 nm, a 1280 nm-1350 nm spectral region and a near infrared region of 850 nm-980 nm.
An apparatus for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating, comprising a plurality of the devices for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating according to claims 1 to 9 and an optical splitter; each of the devices shares a broadband light source; and the shared broadband light source outputs a plurality of paths of light sources through the optical splitter and transmits the light sources to the optical fiber couplers of the corresponding devices.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects
1. The technical scheme provided by the invention achieves the purpose of wavelength measurement by using the functional relation between the splitting ratio of the light splitting device and the wavelength of incident light;
2. the technical scheme provided by the invention has low cost, and can be used for measuring the wavelength of a single channel single grating and measuring the wavelength of a multi-channel multi-grating;
3. the technical scheme provided by the invention is simple and practical and is convenient to apply;
4. the measuring result of the technical scheme provided by the invention is irrelevant to the size of incident light intensity;
5. the technical scheme provided by the invention has small optical noise signal in the measurement process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device using a linear filter for measuring the wavelength of a fiber grating according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a device for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating using a coupled wavelength division multiplexer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a parallel channel for multi-grating wavelength measurement according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a transmission ratio of the linear filter according to the technical solution of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
the invention of this example provides a device and apparatus for measuring the wavelength of fiber grating; the device comprises a light splitting device with a transmission ratio curve and a photoelectric converter, as shown in figures 1 and 2; forming two paths of optical signals by passing narrow-band light of the fiber bragg grating to be detected through the light splitting device, wherein the two paths of optical signals are converted into reference electrical signals and measuring electrical signals with different powers through the photoelectric converter respectively; and the electrical signals are respectively compared and analyzed by an electrical signal processing circuit to obtain the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to be detected.
The technical scheme utilizes the function relation between the splitting ratio of the light splitting device and the wavelength of incident light to achieve the purpose of wavelength measurement, and compares two paths of split light currents so as to eliminate the influence of incident light power and enable the final measurement result to be irrelevant to the size of incident light intensity. All the optical path components are connected by single mode optical fibers, and all the circuit components are connected by conducting wires.
As shown in fig. 1, a certain broadband light 201 first passes through a fiber coupler 202 or a circulator, is reflected by a fiber grating 203 to be measured to become a narrow-band light, is output from a third end 205 of the fiber coupler or the circulator, the fiber grating to be measured causes central wavelength change in a physical field, the reflected narrow-band light contains wavelength information, the optical signal is divided into two paths by the optical power coupler 206, one path is directly transmitted to the optical-to-electrical converter 208 to be converted into an electrical signal as a reference signal 302, the other path is connected to a linear filter 305 and then transmitted to the optical-to-electrical converter 209 to be converted into an electrical signal 303, due to the absorption and reflection of the optical signal by the filter, the measurement signal is attenuated with respect to the reference signal, and for the light with different wavelengths, the attenuation amounts are different, the power of the reference signal and the signal passing through the linear filter are compared, and the wavelength of the grating to be measured is calculated.
As shown in fig. 2, a light 201 with a certain broadband is first reflected by a fiber coupler 202 or a circulator through a grating 203 to be measured to become a narrow-band light, and the narrow-band light is output from a third end 205 of the fiber coupler or the circulator, the fiber grating to be measured causes a central wavelength change in a physical field, the reflected narrow-band light contains wavelength information, the light signal is then passed through a double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer 306, which divides an input light signal into two paths 302 and 303, a coupling coefficient of the coupling wavelength division multiplexer changes with a change of an incident light wavelength, so that the light powers of the two paths are different, the powers of the two paths of signals are compared, and the wavelength of the grating to be measured is calculated. The method utilizes the function relation between the splitting ratio of the light splitting device and the wavelength of the incident light to achieve the purpose of wavelength measurement, and carries out logarithmic processing on the two paths of split photocurrent so as to eliminate the influence of the incident light power and ensure that the final measurement result is irrelevant to the size of the incident light intensity.
The linear filter 305 and the double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer 306 are optical splitting devices based on wavelength, and the transmission ratio thereof is a function of the wavelength.
The optical fiber coupler is a Y-shaped optical fiber coupler, the broadband light source 201 is connected to a shunt port of the Y-shaped optical fiber coupler or the circulator, the optical fiber grating 203 to be detected is connected to a wave combining port (a second port of the circulator) of the Y-shaped optical fiber coupler or the circulator, a signal to be detected with wavelength information is transmitted to the other port of the Y-shaped optical fiber coupler or the circulator, the signal is transmitted to the photoelectric converters 208 and 209 through the linear optical filter 305 with a certain transmission ratio curve and the optical coupling wavelength division multiplexer 306 and is converted into an electric signal, and the electric signal is compared and analyzed by the electric signal processing circuit to output a wavelength signal to be detected.
When a plurality of channels need to be monitored simultaneously, the technical scheme of the invention provides a device for measuring the wavelength of a fiber grating, which comprises the following components:
the broadband light source is divided into Q paths of light through the 1 xQ optical fiber branching unit, Q parallel-connected Y-shaped optical fiber couplers or circulators of which the combining ports are respectively connected with Q optical fiber gratings to be detected are further arranged, one splitting port of each Y-shaped optical fiber coupler or circulator is respectively connected with Q output ports of the 1 xQ optical fiber branching unit, the other splitting port of each Y-shaped optical fiber coupler or circulator is respectively connected with Q couplers or optical coupling wavelength division multiplexers 306 of linear optical filters 305 with certain transmission ratio curves, two groups of opposite Q ports of the optical couplers or coupling wavelength division multiplexers 306 are connected with input ports of photoelectric converters 208 and 209, and output ports of Q corresponding photoelectric converters are connected with the electric signal processing circuit. The grating wavelength measurement of the Q channels can be realized by adopting the Q parallel channels.
The light with a certain broadband is a spontaneous emission light source ASE, a light emitting diode LED light source or a semiconductor laser diode LD light source and the like;
the luminous wavelength of the broadband light source is consistent with that of a working window adopting optical fibers, and the luminous wavelength of the broadband light source comprises a C wave band of 1525 nm-1565 nm, a C + L wave band of 1525 nm-1625 nm, an L wave band of 1565 nm-1625 nm, an S wave band of 1460 nm-1525 nm, a 1280 nm-1350 nm spectral region and a near infrared region of 850 nm-980 nm.
In many cases, it is necessary to measure the wavelength of a multiplexed channel of a DWDM system, or to monitor and calibrate the wavelength of a DWDM light source. Based on the single-wavelength measurement of the linear optical filter, the system has a simpler structure, is easy to be made into a portable instrument, has lower cost and has higher cost performance. Some single wavelength measurement techniques applied to the 1550nm window will be described below, the core component in this scheme being a linear filter with a transmission characteristic that depends on the wavelength of the incident light, the transmission being as shown in fig. 4:
the measured optical signal is divided into two paths by a 1X 2 optical power coupler, wherein one path enters the photoelectric detector through the linear optical filter to become a measurement signal, and the other path directly enters the photoelectric detector to become a reference signal. Due to the absorption and reflection of the optical signal by the filter, the measurement signal is attenuated with respect to the reference signal by an amount that is different for different wavelengths of light. And comparing the measured signal value with the reference signal value to obtain the transmission ratio of the optical filter. The measuring signal and the control signal are processed by the amplifier and the A/D converter respectively to be digital signals, and the digital signals are transmitted to the microprocessor for processing, and finally, the wavelength value is displayed.
Since the optical power attenuation range (dynamic range) of the linear filter is not necessarily too large, a high-precision optical power measuring means is required to obtain a wavelength measurement result with high resolution.
The single wavelength measurement based on the wavelength division multiplexing device uses a double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer, which divides an input optical signal into A, B two paths, the two paths of optical signals are converted into photocurrents IA and IB through photodiodes DA and DB respectively, and the photocurrents IA and IB generate an output voltage after being input into a logarithmic amplifier:
where K is the gain factor of the amplifier. The wavelength of the double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer is enabled to be lambda1Is output from the A path, and has a wavelength of λ2Is output from the B path. The coupling coefficient of the coupled wavelength division multiplexer is approximately:
if the power spectral density of the optical signal input to the coupler isThe output photocurrents are respectively
Where Δ λ is the spectral width of the input light, RAAnd RBRespectively, the responsivities of the photodiodes DA and DB. For an optical power of PLWavelength of λLThe output voltage V of the monochromatic input light of (1) to (4) can be obtained frommThe expression of (a) is:
as can be seen from formula (5), VmIs aboutLA smooth monotonic function of whereLValue of (A) is at1And λ2In the meantime. Therefore, if we know in advance that the wavelength value of the measured optical signal falls within this range, it is possible to measure VmTo obtain the wavelength of the measured optical signal.
The key device in the measurement is a double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer, and the measurement of the wavelength value of the measured optical signal is mainly realized by means of the characteristic that the coupling coefficient of the coupling wavelength division multiplexer changes along with the change of the wavelength of the incident light. It can be seen that the above method utilizes the function relationship between the splitting ratio of the light splitting device and the wavelength of the incident light to achieve the purpose of wavelength measurement, and the split two paths of photocurrent are subjected to logarithmic processing to eliminate the influence of the incident light power, so that the final measurement result is independent of the magnitude of the incident light intensity.
The Y-shaped optical fiber coupler is a 50:50 power distribution type 1 x 2 double-branch optical fiber coupler.
The circulator is a three-port circulator. The photoelectric converter is a Photo Diode (PD). And a photoelectric converter for indicating the normal operation of the device is arranged between the sensing fiber bragg grating or the sensing fiber bragg grating string and the electric signal processing circuit.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and those skilled in the art should understand that although the above embodiments are referred to: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is set forth in the claims below.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for measuring the wavelength of a fiber grating, comprising: the device comprises a light splitting device with a transmission ratio curve and a photoelectric converter; forming two paths of optical signals by passing narrow-band light of the fiber bragg grating to be detected through the light splitting device, wherein the two paths of optical signals are converted into reference electrical signals and measuring electrical signals with different powers through the photoelectric converter respectively; and the electrical signals are respectively compared and analyzed by an electrical signal processing circuit to obtain the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to be detected.
2. The apparatus for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating according to claim 1, wherein: the narrow-band light of the fiber bragg grating to be detected is output from a third end port of the fiber bragg coupler through a broadband light source, the fiber bragg coupler and the reflection of the fiber bragg grating to be detected.
3. The apparatus for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating according to claim 1, wherein: the narrow-band light of the fiber bragg grating to be detected is output from a third end port of the circulator through a broadband light source, the circulator and the reflection of the fiber bragg grating to be detected.
4. The apparatus for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating according to claim 1, wherein: the light splitting device is a linear optical filter; the optical signal of the narrow-band light is divided into two paths of optical signals through the optical power coupler, one path of optical signal is directly transmitted to the photoelectric converter to be converted into an electrical signal which is used as a reference electrical signal, and the other path of optical signal is transmitted to the photoelectric converter to be converted into a measurement electrical signal after passing through the linear optical filter.
5. The apparatus for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating according to claim 1, wherein: the light splitting device is a double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer; and the optical signal of the narrow-band light is divided into two paths of optical signals by the double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer.
6. An apparatus for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating according to claim 4, wherein: the electric signal processing circuit comprises a signal amplifying circuit and a data processing circuit.
7. An apparatus for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating according to claim 6, wherein: the measurement electrical signal formed by the linear filter and the photoelectric converter and the reference electrical signal formed by the photoelectric converter corresponding to the measurement electrical signal respectively pass through an amplifier in a signal amplifying circuit, then a digital signal is obtained by an A/D converter, and the digital signal passes through a microprocessor in a data processing circuit to obtain the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to be measured.
8. An apparatus for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating according to claim 5, wherein: the measured electrical signal formed by the double-cone coupling wavelength division multiplexer and the photoelectric converter and the reference electrical signal corresponding to the measured electrical signal are respectively subjected to logarithmic amplifiers in the signal amplification circuit to obtain digital signals, and the digital signals are processed by a microprocessor in the data processing circuit to obtain the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to be measured.
9. An apparatus for measuring a wavelength of a fiber grating according to claim 2, wherein: the broadband light source is a spontaneous emission light source ASE, a light emitting diode LED light source or a semiconductor laser diode LD light source; the luminous wavelength of the broadband light source is consistent with that of a working window adopting optical fibers, and the luminous wavelength of the broadband light source comprises a C wave band of 1525 nm-1565 nm, an L wave band of 1565 nm-1625 nm, a C + L wave band of 1525 nm-1625 nm, an S wave band of 1460 nm-1525 nm, a 1280 nm-1350 nm spectral region and a near infrared region of 850 nm-980 nm.
10. An apparatus for measuring the wavelength of a fiber grating, comprising: comprising a number of devices for measuring the wavelength of a fiber grating according to claims 1-9 and an optical splitter; each of the devices shares a broadband light source; and the shared broadband light source outputs a plurality of paths of light sources through the optical splitter and transmits the light sources to the optical fiber couplers of the corresponding devices.
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| CN109696385A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-30 | 骆杨斌 | The design method of sensor and sensor |
| WO2020103278A1 (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-28 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for measuring optical noise, and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN113465656A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-10-01 | 潍坊嘉腾液压技术有限公司 | Tester for detecting fluid composite parameters and data processing method |
| CN115164725A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-10-11 | 北京菲博泰光电科技有限公司 | Novel fiber grating wear measuring sensor |
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