CN106351811B - A kind of low-power, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field - Google Patents
A kind of low-power, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN106351811B CN106351811B CN201610812539.6A CN201610812539A CN106351811B CN 106351811 B CN106351811 B CN 106351811B CN 201610812539 A CN201610812539 A CN 201610812539A CN 106351811 B CN106351811 B CN 106351811B
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- cylindrical type
- propeller
- discharge channel
- magnetic field
- sleeve
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0037—Electrostatic ion thrusters
- F03H1/0062—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field
- F03H1/0075—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field with an annular channel; Hall-effect thrusters with closed electron drift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0081—Electromagnetic plasma thrusters
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of low-power, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, belongs to electric propulsion field.Propeller of the present invention includes front and back coil, circular anode, ceramic discharge channel, pure iron sleeve, iron core, front and back capping etc..The arc chamber that ceramic discharge channel is formed is cylindrical type.Coil before and after being installed before and after the ceramic discharge channel respectively changes the indoor Distribution of Magnetic Field of electric discharge by adjusting coil current.The present invention also installs magnetic conductance ring in ceramic discharge channel outlet, is conducive to discharge chamber piasma generation area and accelerating region separation, obtains ion and sufficiently accelerate, improve propeller specific impulse.The arc chamber of conventional Hall thruster is improved to complete cylindrical type by propeller of the invention, change its internal electron the way of restraint, solve the problems, such as that annular Hall thruster rate of corrosion under low-power is higher, ionizing efficiency is obviously improved, and conventional electric propulsion device can have been expanded in the application in low-power field in 100W or less steady operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric propulsion field, it is related to a kind of low-power, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propulsion in magnetic field
Device.
Background technique
Electric propulsion technology passes through development in more than 60 years, and more mature applied product has ion propeller and Hall to push away
Into device etc..Wherein, Hall thruster is slightly inferior to ion propeller in specific impulse and efficiency, but more due to its construction and control system
Be it is simple, become one of the development priority in various countries electric propulsion field.
Conventional Hall thruster uses ring discharge channel, and when rated power is higher than 100W, circular passage completely may be used
To meet the needs of space mission.However, designer proposes propulsion system with the gradually rise of satellite trend toward miniaturization
Reduce the requirement of power consumption, and conventional electric propulsion device almost without power consumption in 100W product below, needless to say 50W or less.
Although people attempt to zoom in and out conventional Hall thruster with various methods, remain unchanged in ring structure, feature it is long
Spend it is scaled under conditions of, the engine developed often inefficiency, specific impulse is lower, or at all cannot be function
Consumption is reduced to 100W or less.The main reason for causing this problem is, during the miniaturization of annular Hall thruster, constraint
Magnetic field strength needed for electronics and scaling ratio are inversely proportional, and high-intensity magnetic field needs high-power, large volume permanent magnet or electromagnetism
Coil generates, this has obviously violated the original intention of propeller miniaturization.Moreover, narrow ring discharge channel seriously reduces
Ionizing efficiency, electronics make often before reaching anode or colliding with propellant atom just with channel wall collision
Wall surface corrodes, and the corrosion of wall surface is also an important factor for influencing thruster life-span.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a kind of low-power, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propulsion in magnetic field
Device.On the basis of conventional Hall thruster, its arc chamber channel is made and is sexually revised at all, cylindrical type is become from annular, from
And change its internal electron the way of restraint, and respectively dispose an electromagnetic coil to adjust magnetic field, to adapt to before and after discharge channel
Different discharge conditions.
A kind of low-power of the invention, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, including preceding capping, front
Snare cylinder, preceding coil, circular anode, ceramic discharge channel, pure iron sleeve, iron core, rear coil, rear loop sleeve, rear seal-cover, company
Acting flange, air inlet pipe, gasket and screw.
Pure iron sleeve inner has raised baffle ring, and ceramic discharge channel is fixed in pure iron sleeve, pure iron sleeve inner it is convex
It plays baffle ring and axially position is carried out to ceramic discharge channel.The arc chamber that the ceramic discharge channel is formed is cylindrical type.It is making pottery
The interior design of porcelain discharge channel has an annular recess, the circular anode insertion annular groove, with screw by circular anode and
Ceramic discharge channel is fixed, and using one of screw in compression electric wire, can apply positive voltage to circular anode.The annular is recessed
Hole is provided on slot, and corresponding with equally distributed 3 counterbores in circular anode surface, 3 air inlet pipe are from the left side of circular anode
It is inserted into 3 counterbores of circular anode respectively, and welded seal.
Before preceding coil is put into loop sleeve, preceding loop sleeve is stuck on the outside of ceramic discharge channel between pure iron sleeve,
Preceding capping is fixed on pure iron sleeve using bolt, loop sleeve before compressing；Coil is packed into pure in rear loop sleeve afterwards
In iron sleeve, there are the gaps of 2mm between rear loop sleeve and ceramic discharge channel, in order to the electricity of coil before arranging
Line.
There are counterbores on rear seal-cover surface, and iron core bolt and gasket are fixed on rear seal-cover by counterbore, then directly block
In rear loop sleeve, after being installed, there is the distance of 1mm between iron core and ceramic discharge channel；The positive and negative two-stage of preceding coil
Corresponding aperture enters from rear seal-cover.Rear seal-cover, rear loop sleeve and the pure iron sleeve passes through connecting flange, benefit
It is fixed with screw-driving.
Herein on basis, the present invention also has made some improvements ceramic discharge chamber, adds in ceramic discharge chamber outlet end
One magnetic conductance ring, but keep arc chamber length and internal diameter constant.The magnetic conductance ring is made by high temperature resistant soft magnetic materials.
3 air inlet pipe are shunted outside the propeller by 1 air inlet pipe, and such setting both can be very
Anode propellant flow rate is easily controlled, the propellant in arc chamber can also be made to be evenly distributed.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
1, it is difficult to for power to be reduced to the problem of 100W or less for annular Hall thruster, present invention eliminates annulars suddenly
The newel of your propeller, becomes cylindrical type for arc chamber, and solve annular Hall thruster and corrode under low-power
The higher problem of rate.Improved propeller ionizing efficiency is obviously improved, and can be used as in 100W or less steady operation
The posture adjustment of the spacecrafts such as microsatellite, the power resources for becoming rail, have expanded conventional electromagnetic propeller in the application in low-power field.
2, cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller low-profile, lighter weight, internal structure is compact, former and later two electromagnetism
The arrangement of coil can easily adjust magnetic field shape and size.
3, the structure of rear loop sleeve both provides suitable position for coil after winding, also provides for air inlet pipe and electric wire
Sufficient space, has obstructed contact of the coil with air inlet pipe, prevents short circuit.
4, on the one hand preceding loop sleeve can be used as wind before coil skeleton, on the other hand since it is pure iron processing and
At expanding the adsorption area of front end magnetic circuit, so that the magnetic field of arc chamber near wall is approximately perpendicular to wall surface, greatly promoted
The radial component in magnetic field in arc chamber, is conducive to the constraint of electronics, increases propellant ionization rate.
5, it under the premise of not changing arc chamber length and internal diameter, is embedded in ceramic discharge chamber outlet end by high temperature resistant soft magnetism
After magnetic conductance ring made of material, it can optimize the indoor magnetic field structure of electric discharge, local lifting arc chamber outlet near wall region
Magnetic field strength is conducive to the separation of ion ionized region and accelerating region, promotes propeller specific impulse.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the sectional arrangement drawing of cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the propeller cross-sectional view that the present invention is added to magnetic conductance ring.
In figure:
Coil 4- circular anode 5- ceramic discharge channel before loop sleeve 3- is covered before 2- before 1-
Loop sleeve 10- rear seal-cover after coil 9- after 6- pure iron sleeve 7- iron core 8-
11- connecting flange 12- air inlet pipe 13- gasket 14- screw 15- magnetic conductance ring
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is illustrated with attached drawing combined with specific embodiments below.
Specific embodiment 1: being illustrated in conjunction with Fig. 1 to present embodiment, a kind of low-power of present embodiment, magnetic
The adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in field, including preceding capping 1, preceding loop sleeve 2, preceding coil 3, circular anode 4, pottery
Porcelain discharge channel 5, pure iron sleeve 6, iron core 7, rear coil 8, rear loop sleeve 9, rear seal-cover 10, connecting flange 11, air inlet pipe 12,
Gasket 13 and screw 14；Wherein, the arc chamber that ceramic discharge channel 5 is formed is cylindrical type.
There is raised baffle ring inside pure iron sleeve 6, on the basis of pure iron sleeve 6, ceramic discharge channel 5 is fixed on pure iron sleeve
In 6, the raised baffle ring inside pure iron sleeve 6 carries out axially position to ceramic discharge channel 5.Preceding coil 3 is put into preceding loop sleeve 2
Interior, preceding loop sleeve 2 is stuck between the outside of ceramic discharge channel 5 and pure iron sleeve 6, is fixed on preceding capping 1 using bolt pure
On iron sleeve 6, both play the role of loop sleeve 2 before compressing, space needed for also saving the connectors such as bolt.It is put in ceramics
Circular anode 4 is embedded in pre-designed annular recess by the inside of electric channel 5, with 3 Screws on the left of circular anode 4
Circular anode 4 and ceramic discharge channel 5 are tightened into fixation, utilize one of screw in compression electric wire, so that it may to circular anode 4
Apply positive voltage, and because ceramic discharge channel 5 itself has insulating properties, which will not send out with front and back coil
Raw short circuit；3 air inlet pipe 12 are inserted into the equally distributed counterbore in 4 surface of circular anode, and welded seal on the left of circular anode 4.3
Root air inlet pipe is shunted outside the propeller by 1 tracheae, and such setting both can easily control anode and push away
Into agent flux, the propellant in arc chamber can also be made to be evenly distributed；Pay attention to guaranteeing that 3 air inlet pipe 12 pass through on rear seal-cover 10
Corresponding aperture.
By the rear coil 8 wound in rear loop sleeve 9, it is packed into pure iron sleeve 6 together, after installing, rear line
Also there are the gaps of 2mm between snare cylinder 9 and ceramic discharge channel 5, in order to the electric wire of coil 3, preceding coil 3 before arranging
Positive and negative two-stage from rear seal-cover 10 corresponding aperture enter.Also there are counterbores on rear seal-cover 10 surface, facilitate installation iron core 7,
It after the two bolt and gasket are fixed, can be directly clamped among in rear loop sleeve 9, after being installed, iron core 7 and ceramics are put
There is the distance of 1mm between electric channel 5.Finally, connecting flange 11 and rear seal-cover 10, rear loop sleeve 9 and pure iron sleeve 6 is right
Standard is fixed using screw-driving.Since rear 8 the number of turns of coil is more, winding is close, therefore the heat that the propeller generates is concentrated
In tail portion, connecting flange 11 is conducive to heat using brass material and transmits to external support.
Preceding coil 3 and rear coil 8 are entwined by copper wire according to certain the number of turns, and when changing coil current, electric discharge is logical
Magnetic field in road 5 changes therewith, can the operating condition of the propeller according to the present invention adjust magnetic field, reach optimum state.
Preceding loop sleeve 2 is process by pure iron material, and magnetic conductivity is excellent, is placed in 5 periphery of discharge channel, on the one hand can be increased magnetic
Line of force adsorption area increases the magnetic field radial component in discharge channel 5, is conducive to preferably about beam electrons；On the other hand, preceding
Skeleton of the loop sleeve 2 as preceding coil 3, facilitates the winding and fixation of copper wire.The effect of loop sleeve 9 and preceding loop sleeve afterwards
2 is similar, but material therefor is common stainless steel, and magnetic conductivity is poor, is not enough to a part as magnetic circuit；Connect with pure iron sleeve 6
Connect it is fixed after there are the gap 2mm, can satisfy the installation and electric wire arrangement of admission line completely.
Preceding capping 1, pure iron sleeve 6, rear seal-cover 10 and iron core 7 are process by pure iron material, constitute the propulsion
The Primary magnetic circuit of device, i.e., the most of magnetic line of force generated by the preceding coil 3 and rear coil 8 will pass through from aforementioned 4 components,
To guarantee magnetic field strength certain in arc chamber.Wherein, iron core 7 uses front fine and rear thick structure, can converge to the full extent
Space is saved in poly- magnetic field.The arrangement of entire magnetic circuit can form the biggish magnetic field of radial component in arc chamber, lean on axial ray
Neighbouring region forms magnetic mirror, comes to carry out operative constraint to electronics with this, improves propellant ionization rate.3 air inlet pipe 12 are distinguished
Insertion is evenly arranged on 3 air inlets of 4 left-hand face of circular anode, makes propellant even into arc chamber, imposes when to anode
When positive voltage, the electronics by electric field gravitational attraction will strongly collide to anode movement and propellant atom, generate ion,
Ion under the action of electric field force, Accelerating Removal propeller, to form thrust.The connecting flange 11 of the propeller tail portion by
Brass is made into, and thermal conductivity is good, provides necessary connection for propeller and external support.
Specific embodiment 2: present embodiment is illustrated in conjunction with Fig. 2, on the basis of embodiment one, ceramics
There are step, magnetic conductance ring 15 is embedded in step in the way of tight fit in discharge channel 5 exit, and keeps arc chamber length and interior
Diameter is constant.It is compared with embodiment one, under identical coil current, the indoor magnetic field structure that discharges is optimized, and is locally mentioned
The magnetic field strength for having risen arc chamber outlet near wall region reduces corrosion of the electronics to arc chamber wall surface, and due to local magnetic field gradient
Positive value is become from negative value, accelerating region is able to separate with ionized region, and ion is enabled to obtain abundant acceleration, improves propeller ratio
Punching.
In accordance with following steps, the present invention can be worked normally:
1, external cathode and the cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller are fixed on outside support together, adjustment two
The relative position of person makes external cathode apart from 5~8cm of propeller axis, cathode axis with 30~50 degree of propeller axis angle；
2, prefiring, launching electronics that can be stable are carried out to external cathode, and emission current maintains the level of 1A；
3, preceding coil 3 and rear coil 8 are powered, lead to the electric current of upper 1A and 2A respectively, and current direction is consistent；
4, after front and back coil working is stablized, propellant, generally xenon are supplied for the propeller, in the shock of electronics
Under, atom occurs ionization and generates plasma, and intermediate ion sprays ceramic discharge channel 5 via electric field acceleration, forms thrust.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of low-power, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, it is characterised in that: including it is preceding capping, it is preceding
Loop sleeve, preceding coil, circular anode, ceramic discharge channel, pure iron sleeve, iron core, rear coil, rear loop sleeve, rear seal-cover,
Connecting flange, air inlet pipe, gasket and screw；The arc chamber that the ceramic discharge channel is formed is cylindrical type；
Pure iron sleeve inner has raised baffle ring, and ceramic discharge channel is fixed in pure iron sleeve, the protrusion gear of pure iron sleeve inner
Ring carries out axially position to ceramic discharge channel；Interior design in ceramic discharge channel has annular recess, circular anode insertion
The annular recess is fixed circular anode and ceramic discharge channel with screw, right using one of screw in compression electric wire
Circular anode applies positive voltage；Hole is provided on the annular groove, and opposite with equally distributed 3 counterbores in circular anode surface
It answers, 3 air inlet pipe are from 3 counterbores that circular anode is inserted into the left side of circular anode respectively, and welded seal；
Before preceding coil is put into loop sleeve, preceding loop sleeve is stuck on the outside of ceramic discharge channel between pure iron sleeve, is utilized
Preceding capping is fixed on pure iron sleeve by bolt, loop sleeve before compressing；By the two group after coil is in rear loop sleeve afterwards
It attaches together in pure iron sleeve, there are the gaps of 2mm between rear loop sleeve and ceramic discharge channel；There are heavy on rear seal-cover surface
Iron core bolt and gasket are fixed on rear seal-cover by counterbore, then are directly clamped among in rear loop sleeve, iron core and ceramics by hole
There is the distance of 1mm between discharge channel；The positive and negative two-stage of preceding coil corresponding aperture from rear seal-cover enters；
Rear seal-cover, rear loop sleeve and the pure iron sleeve is fixed by connecting flange using screw-driving.
2. a kind of low-power according to claim 1, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, feature
Be: the structure of the cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller further includes magnetic conductance ring, in the ceramic discharge channel outlet
There are step, magnetic conductance rings to be embedded in step at place, keeps arc chamber length and internal diameter constant；The magnetic conductance ring is by high temperature resistant soft magnetism material
Material is made into.
3. a kind of low-power according to claim 1 or 2, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field,
Be characterized in that: the rated power of the cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller is in 100W hereinafter, by adjusting preceding coil with after
The electric current of coil changes indoor Distribution of Magnetic Field of discharging.
4. a kind of low-power according to claim 1, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, feature
Be: the preceding loop sleeve is made of pure iron material.
5. a kind of low-power according to claim 1, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, feature
Be: the rear loop sleeve is made of common stainless steel.
6. a kind of low-power according to claim 1, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, feature
Be: preceding capping, pure iron sleeve, rear seal-cover and the iron core is process by pure iron material.
7. a kind of low-power according to claim 1, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, feature
Be: the iron core uses front fine and rear thick structure.
8. a kind of low-power according to claim 1, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, feature
Be: 3 air inlet pipe are shunted outside the cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller by 1 air inlet pipe.
9. a kind of low-power according to claim 1, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field, feature
Be: the connecting flange is made of brass material.
10. a kind of using low-power of any of claims 1 or 2, magnetic field adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller
Working method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step 1: external cathode and the cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller being fixed on outside support together, adjustment two
The relative position of person makes external cathode apart from 5~8cm of propeller axis, cathode axis with 30~50 degree of propeller axis angle；
Step 2: prefiring being carried out to external cathode, makes its stable launching electronics, and emission current maintains the level of 1A；
Step 3: preceding coil and rear coil being powered, lead to the electric current of upper 1A and 2A respectively, and current direction is consistent；
Step 4: after coil working is stablized with after after preceding coil, propellant is supplied for the propeller, it is former under the shock of electronics
Son occurs ionization and generates plasma, and intermediate ion sprays ceramic discharge channel via electric field acceleration, forms thrust.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610812539.6A CN106351811B (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2016-09-09 | A kind of low-power, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610812539.6A CN106351811B (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2016-09-09 | A kind of low-power, the adjustable cylindrical type electromagnetism plasma propeller in magnetic field |
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| CN106351811B true CN106351811B (en) | 2019-01-11 |
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| CN106968906A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-07-21 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of plasma propulsion device |
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| CN109826768B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-04-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cylindrical hall thrustor of low power of diamond wall |
| CN111219305B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-06-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hall thruster with buffer cavity |
| CN111140400B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-10-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Anode air inlet assembly of electric propulsion engine |
| CN112431732B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-08-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Double-magnetic-ring micro cylindrical Hall thruster for friction welding anode |
| CN113931818B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2024-01-02 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Device and method for improving ion density in space electric thruster |
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