CN106344419A - 一种改性根充糊剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种改性根充糊剂,它是由1%‑7.5%w/w DMADDM与92.5‑99%w/w亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂组合而成。本发明还提供了该根充糊剂的制备方法和用途。本发明以复合材料的抗菌性和细胞毒性、溶解性等多个性能为指标,对DMADDM和EdnoREZ的用量关系进行研究,考察两者的用量关系对复合材料抗菌性能、封闭能力的影响,最终通过实验筛选出了合适的用量关系,能够同时满足抗菌性能和封闭能力的最大化,从而达到制备新型的自身具有有效抗菌性能的树脂型根管根充糊剂材料的目的,解决现有牙科材料市场中根充糊剂无明显抗菌性的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于口腔临床技术领域,涉及到一种新型的抗菌性树脂型根管根充糊剂。
背景技术
牙髓根尖周疾病是一种口腔常见病,多发病。目前,根管治疗是治疗该疾病的主要方法,然而,即便通过完善的根管治疗,患牙仍有4%-15%的失败率[1]。对于经过反复多次常规根管治疗,根尖周病变仍迁延不愈的病例,称之为难治性根尖周炎,其表现为复发性根尖周脓肿或进行性骨质破坏,严重者甚至导致牙最终丧失,给患者造成极大的身心痛苦及经济损失,已然是牙髓根尖周病临床治疗面临的极大挑战及亟待解决的难题。近年来,国内外学者围绕难治性根尖周炎的病因、发生发展、机制等进行了大量的研究。目前大多数研究认为,难治性根尖周炎是以微生物感染为始动因子的多因素疾病,病因复杂,主要包括以下几个因素:1、微生物因素,有研究发现在难治性根尖周炎的离体牙根尖部位存在生物膜,并认为生物膜的存在是根尖周炎反复发作的主要原因;2、解剖学因素,根管解剖系统的复杂多样性,如侧支根管,管间吻合,副根管等的存在,使常规的根管预备,化学药物冲洗及根管封药很难将致病微生物彻底清除;3、其他因素,如物理化学因素,根管预备时将碎屑、坏死组织、细菌产物等推出根尖孔;或使用浓度过大、刺激性过强药物等;以及医源性因素,如底穿、侧穿、欠填等导致的根尖持续感染[2、3]。对于其他因素如根管治疗中将碎屑、细菌等感染物质推出根尖孔外或操作不当造成的底穿、侧穿等,可通过采用一定的方法尽量避免,但对于根尖周部位所形成的生物膜以及根管系统的解剖学因素,我们则是无法控制的。目前,完善的根管治疗及感染控制是成功治愈难治性根尖周炎的基础。根管治疗过程中的机械预备、化学药物冲洗及根管封药及根管充填等步骤均旨在最大限度地去除感染物质,防止再感染。有研究表明,根管在经过机械化学预备或根管封药后,即在根管充填前,若根管内的细菌等感染物质未彻底有效清除或仍持留一定的量,则其治疗后发生术后根尖周炎的风险将明显增加[4]。但由于根管解剖系统的复杂多样性,以及细菌等微生物在根尖部或侧支根管、副根管等部位形成生物膜,使得我们常规的根管预备及化学药物冲洗很难彻底的将感染物质清除。在这种情况下若我们的根管充填材料具有有效的抗菌性能,在根管充填后仍能发挥持续抗菌作用,有效控制根管内微生物及根尖孔外生物膜的感染,则将有利于增加根管治疗的成功率,同时降低难治性根尖周炎的发生率[5]。
EndoREZ是一种双重固化型X射线阻射的亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂,可利用固化加速剂加速固化,在与NaClO和乙二胺四乙酸、依地酸配合使用去除玷污层后,EndoREZ能进入侧副根管和牙本质小管形成树脂突,利于固位和封闭,但其自身无明显抗菌性[6、7],无法实现对根管内微生物等感染的有效控制,其对难治性根尖周炎的治疗作用也显得非常有限。
发明内容
基于上述问题,本发明拟将亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂(尤其是EndoREZ)改性成为一种具有抗菌活性的根管充糊剂(又名根充糊剂)。甲基氨基十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯(DMADDM)是一种季铵盐类的、可聚合型的抗菌单体,若能够将该抗菌单体成功与封闭剂相结合,将会为封闭剂带来一定的抗菌功效,解决本发明提出的上述问题。
具体地,本发明提供了一种改性根充糊剂,它是由1%-7.5%w/w DMADDM与92.5-99%w/w亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂组合而成。实验表明,使用DMADDM与亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂(如EndoREZ)进行组合改性后,封闭剂获得了良好的抗菌活性。本发明一个具体实施方式中,改性根充糊剂,是由2.5%-7.5%w/w DMADDM与92.5-97.5%w/w亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂(EndoREZ)组合而成。
实验中发现,DMADDM的加入,不仅带来了抗菌活性,同时也带来了不少技术问题,例如DMADDM的用量增大到一定程度(含量5%、7.5%),改性根充糊剂的细胞毒性则急剧增大,根据实验数据,其含量在2.5%以下时,细胞毒性不明显,与阴性对照几乎无差异(阴性对照含量0%)。
除了上述细胞毒性问题外,DMADDM的加入还带来了封闭剂的溶解问题,研究发现,DMADDM含量越高,改性根充糊剂在水中的溶解损失越多,如果溶解损失过大,则无法满足永久性填充之用。根据实验数据,其含量为2.5%时,溶解损失较少,符合永久充填的需求。
综合考虑抗菌作用、细胞毒性和溶解性,本发明进一步限定,DMADDM的含量为1.0%-3.0%w/w,亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂含量为97.0-99.0%w/w,在此配比条件下,能够尽量保证改性根充糊剂对机体的溶解性和安全性。
进一步地,DMADDM的含量为2.0%-3.0%w/w,亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂含量为97.0-98.0%w/w。本发明一个具体实施方式在红,DMADDM的含量为2.5%%w/w,亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂含量为97.5%w/w。
本发明具体实施方式中,所述亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂为EndoREZ根管充填封闭剂。
本发明还提供了上述改性根充糊剂的制备方法,它是先按配比取各成分,然后将各成分均匀混合,即得。
本发明还提供了上述改性根充糊剂在制备抗根管内微生物感染的药物或医用材料中的用途。
进一步地,所述微生物感染是指细菌感染。
本发明还提供了述改性根充糊剂在制备治疗难治性根尖周炎的医用材料中的用途。
本发明还提供了DMADDM与亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂在制备具有抗根管内微生物感染功效的联合用药物或联合用医用材料中的用途。即,虽然不将两者混合制备成上述改性根充糊剂,但是,将两者作为组合产品销售且是为了达到了上述治疗目的,同样是在本发明的保护范围以内。
在组合产品中,两种组份还没有直接混合,在其产品中可以无需限定两种成分的重量,仅仅只需要在说明书中记载两者混合使用时的配比即可。
进一步地,所述亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂为EndoREZ根管充填封闭剂。
当然,组合产品中,若将DMADDM与亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂的重量配比设定为2.5:97.5,使用时无需再进行称量,更方便产品的使用。
本发明以复合材料的抗菌性和细胞毒性、溶解性等多个性能为指标,对DMADDM和EdnoREZ的用量关系进行研究,考察两者的用量关系对复合材料抗菌性能、封闭能力的影响,最终通过实验筛选出了合适的用量关系,能够同时满足抗菌性能和封闭能力的最大化,从而达到制备新型的自身具有有效抗菌性能的树脂型根管根充糊剂材料的目的,解决现有牙科材料市场中根充糊剂无明显抗菌性的问题。
附图说明
图1含不同质量分数DMADDM改性的树脂型根充糊剂的细胞毒性;与对照组0%组相比,2.5%组的细胞毒性结果相似,无显著差异,而5%、7.5%组细胞毒性明显增强。表明DMADDM含量在2.5%以内,对改性根充糊剂带来的细胞毒性不明显。
图2含不同质量分数DMADDM改性的树脂型根充糊剂溶解性结果;与对照组0%组相比,2.5%组虽存在一定的溶解性,但是满足永久充填的需求的,因为根据ISO6876检测标准,根充糊剂固化后在水介质中的溶解度(浸泡24)小于3%即可,而本发明溶解性实验是根充糊剂固化后在水介质中浸泡了14天,且2.5%组的溶解性是小于1%的,所以是满足永久填充的需求的,该含量下的溶解损失对封闭效果应该是无明显影响的。
图3含不同质量分数DMADDM改性的树脂型根充糊剂抗菌性结果;A、B图为0%组,C、D图为2.5%组,E、F图为5%,G、H图为7.5%组。可以看出0%组生物膜表面见大量的球菌,杆菌,2.5%组、5%组、7.5%表面就几乎没有细菌,表明改性的EndoREZ糊剂具有有效的抗菌性。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
一、材料、仪器
树脂型根充糊剂EndoREZ(Ultradent Products,Inc.,South Jordan,UT,USA)
DMADDM(Dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate,二甲基氨基十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯),L929细胞,粪肠球菌,格式链球菌、内氏放线菌、嗜酸乳杆菌;酶标仪,扫描电镜,细胞培养箱,细菌培养箱、恒温箱,天平,磨具等
二、根充糊剂的制备、用量关系筛选及性能检测
(1)根充糊剂的制备
分别称取一定量的根充糊剂EndoREZ,于调拌纸上,加入一定质量分数的DMADDM,制成含DMADDM质量分数为0%,2.5%,5%,7.5%的4组,常温下进行调拌处理5-10min,避光储存,备用。
(2)性能检测
按照质量分数分组,分别对根充糊剂的生物安全性能、溶解性能、抗菌性能进行检测,每组6个样本,测定结果取平均值
A、细胞毒性实验
1、制备含不同质量分数DMADDM的树脂型根充糊剂EndoREZ,并将制备好的糊剂放入内径为5mm,高度为2.5mm的圆柱形磨具中,后将制备好的样本放入37℃,100%湿度的恒温箱中7天,使其固化。
2、固化后的样本经环氧乙烷低温消毒后,放入细胞培养基中浸泡24小时,获取浸提液,备用。
3、取浸泡样本24小时后的浸提液加入底部铺满L929牙髓成纤维细胞的96孔板中,培养24小时,后采用CCK-8试剂盒检测其细胞毒性,酶标仪测其读数。
B、溶解性实验
1、样本制备:将调拌后的含不同质量分数DMADDM的树脂型根充糊剂放入内径为5mm,高度为2.5mm的圆柱形磨具中,后将制备好的样本放入37℃,100%湿度的恒温箱中7天,固化;
2、将固化后的样本称量,精确到0.0001g,记录其读数为M1;
3、将称量后的样本使其完全浸泡在去离子水中14天,并放入37℃恒温箱中,14天后取出,将样本放入37℃恒温箱中7天,使其烘干;
4、7天后,将样本取出称量,并记录其结果为M2
5、计算其质量丢失分数M1-M2
C、抗菌性实验
1、将制备好的含不同质量分数的糊剂涂布在制作好的树脂片上,以树脂片作为承托糊剂的载体,每个树脂片上的糊剂为20mg,并将其均匀铺开,并置于24孔板中,放入37℃恒温箱,100%湿度条件下7天,使其充分固化,后用环氧乙烷低温消毒后备用;
2、将与根管持续感染相关的粪肠球菌、格式链球菌、内氏放线菌、嗜酸乳杆菌培养后,将菌浓调为106CFU/ml,然后将其1:1:1:1混合,加入备用的24孔板中,每孔加入1.5ml菌液,培养48小时使其在糊剂表面形成生物膜;
3、将培养48小时的样本取出,酒精梯度脱水、制样,扫描电镜观察,图像采集;
(3)抗菌根充糊剂质量分数确定
根据前期性能检测结果,筛选出两者的最佳比例,含DMADDM质量分数为2.5%的树脂型根充糊剂EndoREZ既不会影响糊剂本身的细胞毒性、溶解性能,且能赋予其优良的抗菌性能。依据此质量分数制备最终的抗菌根充糊剂,备用,用于后续检测。
因此,新型季铵盐抗菌改性树脂型根充糊剂确定添加DMADDM的添加质量分数为2.5%。
实施例1本发明改性根充糊剂的制备
准确称取一定量的根充糊剂EndoREZ,加入一定质量的DMADDM,常温下混合均匀,制成含DMADDM质量分数为0%,2.5%,5%和7.5%的4种改性根充糊剂。
本发明中,DMADDM质量分数计算公式如下:
DMADDM质量分数=DMADDM质量/(DMADDM质量+EndoREZ质量)*100%
引用文献:
1.Smith CS,S.D.,Harty FJ,Factors influencing the success ofconventional root canal therapy—a five-year retrospective study.Int Endod J,1993.26(6):p.321-333.
2.Nair,P.N.,On the causes of persistent apical periodontitis:areview.Int Endod J,2006.39(4):p.249-81.
3.Noguchi,N.,Y.Noiri,M.Narimatsu,et al.,Identification andlocalization of extraradicular biofilm-forming bacteria associated withrefractory endodontic pathogens.Appl Environ Microbiol,2005.71(12):p.8738-43.
4.J.J.I.,Clinical Implications and Microbiology of BacterialPersistence after Treatment Procedure.Journal of Endodontics,2008,34(11):1291-1301.2008(34):p.11.
5.Kitagawa,R.,H.Kitagawa,N.Izutani,et al.,Development of anantibacterial root canal filling system containing MDPB.J Dent Res,2014.93(12):p.1277-82.
6.Kim,Y.K.,S.Grandini,J.M.Ames,et al.,Critical review on methacrylateresin-based root canal sealers.J Endod,2010.36(3):p.383-99.
7.Nirupama DN,N.M.,Ramaswamy R,Muralidharan S,In Vitro Evaluation ofthe Antimicrobial Efficacy of Four Endodontic Biomaterials againstEnterococcus faecalis,Candida albicans,and Staphylococcus aureus.Int JBiomater,2014.2014:p.1-6.
Claims (10)
1.一种改性根充糊剂,其特征在于:它是由1%-7.5%w/w二甲基氨基十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯与92.5-99%w/w亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂组合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性根充糊剂,其特征在于:二甲基氨基十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯的含量为1.0%-3.0%w/w,亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂含量为97.0-99.0%w/w。
3.根据权利要求2所述的改性根充糊剂,其特征在于:二甲基氨基十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯的含量为2.0%-3.0%w/w,亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂含量为97.0-98.0%w/w。
4.根据权利要求3所述的改性根充糊剂,其特征在于:二甲基氨基十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯的含量为2.5%w/w,亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂含量为97.5%w/w。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的改性根充糊剂,其特征在于:所述亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂为EndoREZ根管充填封闭剂。
6.权利要求1-5任意一项所述改性根充糊剂的制备方法,其特征在于:它是先按配比取各成分,然后将各成分均匀混合,即得。
7.权利要求1-5任意一项所述改性根充糊剂在制备抗根管内微生物感染的药物或医用材料中的用途。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于:所述微生物感染是指细菌感染。
9.权利要求1-5任意一项所述改性根充糊剂在制备治疗难治性根尖周炎的医用材料中的用途。
10.二甲基氨基十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯与亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂在制备具有抗根管内微生物感染功效的联合用药物或联合用医用材料中的用途;进一步地,二甲基氨基十二烷基甲基丙烯酸酯与亲水性甲基丙烯酸酯类封闭剂的重量配比为2.5:97.5。
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