CN106342447A - 一种决明子种植方法 - Google Patents

一种决明子种植方法 Download PDF

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CN106342447A
CN106342447A CN201610618959.0A CN201610618959A CN106342447A CN 106342447 A CN106342447 A CN 106342447A CN 201610618959 A CN201610618959 A CN 201610618959A CN 106342447 A CN106342447 A CN 106342447A
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semen cassiae
seed
parts
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semen
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石秀斌
石永华
常永才
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Quanjiao Yuhua Peanut Professional Cooperatives
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Abstract

一种决明子种植方法，涉及决明子种植技术领域，包括以下步骤，整地；选种；播种期和播种量；拌种，使用2～4倍重量的消毒催芽药剂进行拌种，消毒催芽料按重量份包括以下组分，干燥淤泥土90～110份、多菌灵3～5重量份、明胶30～40份，植金石粉3～5份、膨润土8～12份、钼酸铵0.1～0.5份、芸苔素内酯0.2～0.6份、复硝酚钾1～3份、茉莉油1～3份、玉米粉0.004～0.006份、赤霉素0.004～0.006份和萘乙酸0.005～0.007份；将拌种后的种子立即晒干；将晒干后的种子进行播种；翻沟，水稻高度长到15～20公分高时，将沟渠内的土翻堆到田畦的两侧。本发明催芽效果好，出苗率高，长势低，根部较深，秸秆粗壮，具有较好抗倒伏能力，成穗率高，有利于提高产量。

Description

一种决明子种植方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及决明子种植技术领域，特别是涉及一种决明子种植方法。
背景技术：
决明子，中药名。是豆科植物决明或小决明的干燥成熟种子，以其有明目之功而名之。秋季采收成熟果实，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质。决明子味苦、甘、咸，性微寒，入肝、肾、大肠经；润肠通便，降脂明目，治疗便秘及高血脂，高血压。清肝明目，利水通便，有缓泻作用，降血压降血脂。
决明子直播具有省工、省力、省秧田的优点，是一种轻型、简化的成本播种技术。但是决明子直播也具有很多的缺点，主要表现在在温光资源利用上少了一个秧田期，由于光温资源的利用有所减少，造成平均单产水平将有所下降。播种技术要求较高，出苗率低，很难做到一播全苗。由于减少了移栽环节，草害发生较严重。由于直播田决明子根系较浅，后期容易倒伏，而播种过深，决明子的出苗率又会严重下降。决明子分蘖较多，而苗高，无效分蘖多，成穗率低。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种出苗率高，抗倒伏，产量高的决明子直播种植方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下的技术方案：
一种决明子种植方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，
1)整地；翻地10-20厘米深，每亩施入土肥1500-2000公斤；
2)选种、通过筛分选出不饱满或者碎烂的决明子种子，然后通过漂浮法去除空粒和瘪粒；
3)播种期和播种量，春播清明前后，在备好的地里开沟2-3厘米将种子播入沟内盖土3-5厘米压实，行距25～30cm，株距25～30cm，决明子亩播种量2～3公斤；
4)拌种，选好的种子使用2～4倍重量的消毒催芽药剂进行拌种，所述的消毒催芽料按重量份包括以下组分，干燥淤泥土80～100份、多菌灵3～5重量份、明胶30～40份，植金石粉3～5份、膨润土8～12份、钼酸铵0.1～0.5份、芸苔素内酯0.2～0.6份、复硝酚钾1～3份、茉莉油1～3份、玉米粉0.004～0.006份、赤霉素0.004～0.006份和萘乙酸0.005～0.007份；
5)将拌种后的种子立即晒干；
6)将晒干后的种子进行播种，先播70％，后播30％，播种的深度为4～5厘米，到秧苗2～3叶期要及时疏密补稀使植株分布均匀；
7)翻沟，决明子高度长到15～20公分高时，将沟渠内的土翻堆到田畦的两侧。
所述的拌种按以下步骤进行，先将干燥淤泥土、多菌灵、植金石粉、膨润土、钼酸铵、芸苔素内酯、复硝酚钾、茉莉油、玉米粉、赤霉素和萘乙酸兑水充分混合，和成粘稠状即可，然后将种子与其充分混合，此时种子的表面粘附一层混合物，然后再将明胶倒入再次充分混合，再将混合后的物料平摊晒干。
到秧苗出土4～6叶时，对决明子植株进行施肥，施肥时施磷钾肥，氮肥施肥要控制在施肥重量的25％以下。
所述的干燥淤泥土是选择从直播的田地里直接挖取，出去秸秆、石子杂质，然后晒干后碾碎。
所述的在挖去后平摊，厚度为4～6厘米，在淤泥土的上部使用秸秆进行烧土处理，然后再进行晒干。
本发明在播种前不对种子进行催芽处理，而是在播种前将种子与具有催芽作用的药剂充分混合，使得在播种后药剂才开始对种子进行催芽，使得决明子在播种较深时的出芽出苗率也较高，避免了播种前催芽，而决明子的嫩芽非常脆弱导致的播种时受损，以及难以保证芽头向上而导致不能正常出苗。因此可以提高决明子的总体出苗率。
本发明消毒催芽药剂中多菌灵具有消毒的作用，而植金石粉、钼酸铵、茉莉油、氢溴酸加兰他敏、玉米粉、赤霉素和萘乙酸兑水具有很好的催芽或者辅助最芽以及壮苗的功效，因此可以大大提高决明子的出芽率。本发明中消毒催芽药剂中的膨润土具有保湿以及粘附的作用，使得消毒催芽药剂更容易粘附在决明子种子的表面。而干燥淤泥土只是作为填充的介质，粘附在种子的表面，也与其播种的土壤环境一致。本发明的明胶具有一定的防水效果，可以防止消毒催芽药剂连通种子播种后，与水或者潮湿的土壤导致的消毒催芽药剂允许扩散，从而使得消毒催芽药剂具有更为持久的消毒和催芽的作用。
本发明中决明子的播种深度比较深，在毒催芽药剂的作用下可以保证决明子的出芽率，而且可以促使决明子生根深度较深，避免传统直播决明子生根浅导致决明子容易倒伏的问题。另外本发明在施肥的时候是磷钾肥较多，而氮肥应尽量降低，可以有效避免决明子的旺长以及过多的分蘖，使得成穗率较高，提高产量。
本发明还公开了具体的拌种步骤，将具有催芽和消毒效果的药剂以及结合填充剂等粘附在种子的外部，然后再在外部粘附一层具有一定防水效果的明胶，可以更好的发挥消毒催芽药剂的作用。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明催芽效果好，出苗率高，长势低，根部较深，秸秆粗壮，具有较好抗倒伏能力，成穗率高，有利于提高产量。
具体实施方式：
下面通过实施例来进一步说明本发明。
一种决明子种植方法，：包括以下步骤，
1)整地；翻地10-20厘米深，每亩施入土肥1500-2000公斤；
2)选种、通过筛分选出不饱满或者碎烂的决明子种子，然后通过漂浮法去除空粒和瘪粒；
3)播种期和播种量，春播清明前后，在备好的地里开沟2-3厘米将种子播入沟内盖土3-5厘米压实，行距25～30cm，株距25～30cm，决明子亩播种量2～3公斤；
4)拌种，选好的种子使用2～4倍重量的消毒催芽药剂进行拌种，消毒催芽料按重量份包括以下组分，干燥淤泥土80～100份、多菌灵3～5重量份、明胶30～40份，植金石粉3～5份、膨润土8～12份、钼酸铵0.1～0.5份、芸苔素内酯0.2～0.6份、复硝酚钾1～3份、茉莉油1～3份、玉米粉0.004～0.006份、赤霉素0.004～0.006份和萘乙酸0.005～0.007份；
5)将拌种后的种子立即晒干；
6)将晒干后的种子进行播种，先播70％，后播30％，播种的深度为4～5厘米，到秧苗2～3叶期要及时疏密补稀使植株分布均匀；
7)翻沟，决明子高度长到15～20公分高时，将沟渠内的土翻堆到田畦的两侧。
拌种按以下步骤进行，先将干燥淤泥土、多菌灵、植金石粉、膨润土、钼酸铵、芸苔素内酯、复硝酚钾、茉莉油、玉米粉、赤霉素和萘乙酸兑水充分混合，和成粘稠状即可，然后将种子与其充分混合，此时种子的表面粘附一层混合物，然后再将明胶倒入再次充分混合，再将混合后的物料平摊晒干。
到秧苗出土4～6叶时，对决明子植株进行施肥，施肥时施磷钾肥，氮肥施肥要控制在施肥重量的25％以下。
干燥淤泥土是选择从直播的田地里直接挖取，出去秸秆、石子杂质，然后晒干后碾碎。
在挖去后平摊，厚度为4～6厘米，在淤泥土的上部使用秸秆进行烧土处理，然后再进行晒干。
本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (5)

1.一种决明子种植方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，
1)整地；翻地10-20厘米深，每亩施入土肥1500-2000公斤；
2)选种、通过筛分选出不饱满或者碎烂的决明子种子，然后通过漂浮法去除空粒和瘪粒；
3)播种期和播种量，春播清明前后，在备好的地里开沟2-3厘米将种子播入沟内盖土3-5厘米压实，行距25～30cm，株距25～30cm，决明子亩播种量2～3公斤；
4)拌种，选好的种子使用2～4倍重量的消毒催芽药剂进行拌种，所述的消毒催芽料按重量份包括以下组分，干燥淤泥土80～100份、多菌灵3～5重量份、明胶30～40份，植金石粉3～5份、膨润土8～12份、钼酸铵0.1～0.5份、芸苔素内酯0.2～0.6份、复硝酚钾1～3份、茉莉油1～3份、玉米粉0.004～0.006份、赤霉素0.004～0.006份和萘乙酸0.005～0.007份；
5)将拌种后的种子立即晒干；
6)将晒干后的种子进行播种，先播70％，后播30％，播种的深度为4～5厘米，到秧苗2～3叶期要及时疏密补稀使植株分布均匀；
7)翻沟，决明子高度长到15～20公分高时，将沟渠内的土翻堆到田畦的两侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种决明子种植方法，其特征在于：所述的拌种按以下步骤进行，先将干燥淤泥土、多菌灵、植金石粉、膨润土、钼酸铵、芸苔素内酯、复硝酚钾、茉莉油、玉米粉、赤霉素和萘乙酸兑水充分混合，和成粘稠状即可，然后将种子与其充分混合，此时种子的表面粘附一层混合物，然后再将明胶倒入再次充分混合，再将混合后的物料平摊晒干。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种决明子种植方法，其特征在于：到秧苗出土4～6叶时，对决明子植株进行施肥，施肥时施磷钾肥，氮肥施肥要控制在施肥重量的25％以下。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种决明子种植方法，其特征在于：所述的干燥淤泥土是选择从直播的田地里直接挖取，出去秸秆、石子杂质，然后晒干后碾碎。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种决明子种植方法，其特征在于：所述的在挖去后平摊，厚度为4～6厘米，在淤泥土的上部使用秸秆进行烧土处理，然后再进行晒干。
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