CN106337676B - A kind of fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir - Google Patents
A kind of fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN106337676B CN106337676B CN201510395150.1A CN201510395150A CN106337676B CN 106337676 B CN106337676 B CN 106337676B CN 201510395150 A CN201510395150 A CN 201510395150A CN 106337676 B CN106337676 B CN 106337676B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir, belong to coal-bed gas exploitation field.This method comprises: pumping note active water fracturing fluid in the roof above coal seam middle and upper part and coal seam after perforation to roof, forming the first crack；Successively into the first crack, pump infuses low sand and forms the second crack being connected to the first crack in coal seam than load fluid and high sand ratio load fluid, and the second crack is promoted to extend in coal seam, forms a plurality of dendritic fracture containing sand class proppant.Low sand includes the component of following mass percentage than load fluid: the carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue of 0.1-0.3%, the cleanup additive of KCl, 0.5-1% of 1-2%, the sand class proppant of 8-12%, surplus are water；High sand ratio load fluid includes the component of following mass percentage: the carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue of 0.1-0.3%, the cleanup additive of KCl, 0.5-1% of 1-2%, the sand class proppant of 12-48%, surplus are water.Method provided by the invention can form support seam net at a distance in coalbed methane reservoir, effectively improve the yield of coalbed methane reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal-bed gas exploitation field, in particular to a kind of fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir.
Background technique
China's cbm development is concentrated mainly on Qinshui basin, Ordos Basin and Er'lian Basin, the coal in such region
Layer gas reservoir (abbreviation coal seam) includes the medium and deep that shallow coalbed methane reservoir and depth of the depth within 600 meters are more than 600 meters
Coalbed methane reservoir.Wherein, the content of medium and deep coalbed methane reservoir is up to 60% or more, generally have porosity is low, permeability is low,
" dry coal " characteristics such as moisture content is low.The above-mentioned characteristic of medium and deep coalbed methane reservoir causes its natural production capacity low, it usually needs to it
It carries out pressure break and artificially forms one or several Thief zone in coalbed methane reservoir so that the physical structure of coalbed methane reservoir is transformed
The channel of ability increases percolation ability to reduce the flow resistance of near wellbore zone, realizes the economic exploitation, and obtain production capacity.Institute
To provide a kind of fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir, be especially adapted for use in the coalbed methane reservoir with above-mentioned " dry coal " characteristic
Fracturing process is very necessary.
It is split at present frequently with guanidine glue laminated, the techniques such as active water pressure break carry out fracturing reform to coalbed methane reservoir.Wherein use
The fracturing effect of active water fracturing technology centering deep fractures gas reservoir is preferable.The active water fracturing technology in coal bed gas by storing up
The sand packed fracture with certain geometric dimension is formed in layer, to expand the flow channel of gas and water, to improve the infiltration of reservoir
Property and porosity, to achieve the purpose that volume increase.For example, prior art discloses a kind of high-order coal coalbed methane reservoir pressure breaks
Method, comprising the following steps: 1) deep perforation in the middle part of multiple wells coal seam；2) active water pressure break；3) become discharge capacity pressure break；4) whole to add
Sand；5) pressure drop is surveyed；6) it bleeds off pressure；7) tripping in flow string.The prior art is conducive to seam, then by perforation preparatory in coal seam
Sand class proppant is added in active water and carries out active water pressure break, to improve the width generation capacity of active water.
The inventor finds that the existing technology has at least the following problems:
The method that the prior art provides in the coalbed methane reservoir with " dry coal " characteristic first is that can not form remote
Support seam net, second is that frictional force is big between viscoelastic fracturing fluid and such coalbed methane reservoir, it is difficult to the row of returning.The above two o'clock is all made
It is lower at methane output.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is that provide a kind of can form long distance in coalbed methane reservoir
From support stitch net, effectively improve the fracturing process of the coalbed methane reservoir of methane output.Specific technical solution is as follows:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir, comprising:
Step a, perforation is carried out in the roof above coal seam middle and upper part and the coal seam；
Step b, into the roof for completing perforation, pump note active water fracturing fluid, forms first in the roof
Crack；
Step c, pump low sand of the note containing sand class proppant supports the sand class than load fluid in the first crack Xiang Suoshu
Agent enters in first crack, and the low sand includes the component of following mass percentage: the carboxylic of 0.1-0.3% than load fluid
Methylhydroxypropyl guanidine glue, the cleanup additive of KCl, 0.5-1% of 1-2%, the sand class proppant of 8-12%, surplus are water；
Step d, continue high sand ratio load fluid of the pump note containing sand class proppant into first crack, altered with pressure described
Coal seam forms the second crack being connected to first crack in the coal seam, and promotes second crack in the coal
Extend in layer, forms a plurality of dendritic fracture in the coal seam, be full of the sand class proppant, institute in a plurality of dendritic fracture
State the component that high sand ratio load fluid includes following mass percentage: carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue, the 1-2% of 0.1-0.3%
The cleanup additive of KCl, 0.5-1%, the sand class proppant of 15-45%, surplus are water；
Step e, the sand class proppant remaining in pit shaft is replaced to described a plurality of using the active water fracturing fluid
In dendritic fracture, termination of pumping, closing well drives a well after a plurality of dendritic fracture closure, the row of returning, until the well head of the pit shaft does not go out
Until when sand.
Specifically, preferably, in the step a, 16 holes Kong Miwei/rice of the perforation, phase angle is 60 °.
Specifically, preferably, the active water fracturing fluid includes the component of following mass percentage: 1.0-2.0%
The clay stabilizer of KCl, 0.2-0.5%, surplus be water.
Specifically, preferably, in the step b, the discharge capacity of the active water fracturing fluid is 3.0-6.0m3/ min, pump
Fluence is 300-500m3。
Specifically, preferably, in the step c, the low sand is 1.8-2.2m than the discharge capacity of load fluid3/ min, pump
Fluence is 40-70m3。
Specifically, preferably, in the step d, the pump fluence of the high sand ratio load fluid is 160-220m3。
Specifically, preferably, change discharge capacity mode by stepping up discharge capacity, in the first crack Xiang Suoshu described in pump note
High sand ratio load fluid.
The discharge capacity mode that becomes includes: to control the discharge capacity of the high sand ratio load fluid to be followed successively by 2.2-2.6m3/min、2.7-
3.2m3/min、3.3-3.6m3/min、3.8-4.2m3/ min correspondingly controls sand class in the high sand ratio load fluid and supports
The mass percentage of agent is 12-16%, 20-27%, 29-40%, 43-48%.
Specifically, preferably, the sand class proppant is the natural siliceous sand of 20-40 mesh.
Specifically, preferably, in the step e, the row of returning are as follows: when the pressure of the well head is greater than 10MPa, adopt
The row of returning is carried out with the oil nozzle that diameter is 3mm；When the pressure of the well head is 5-10MPa, diameter is used to carry out for the oil nozzle of 5mm
The row of returning；When the pressure of the well head is less than 5MPa, diameter is used to carry out the row of returning for the oil nozzle of 10mm.
Further, the method also includes: when the pressure of the well head be 0 when, using the active water fracturing fluid pair
The pit shaft carries out well-flushing processing.
Technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention has the benefit that
The fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir provided in an embodiment of the present invention is particularly suitable for, permeability low with porosity
Low, " dry coal " characteristic such as moisture content is low coalbed methane reservoir, passes through the pump note active water pressure break into the roof for completing perforation
Liquid carries out pressing crack construction to it, to form the first crack in roof, and effectively improves the water content of coalbed methane reservoir；
Then by successively into the first crack low sand of the pump note containing carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue than load fluid and high sand ratio load fluid,
So that its pressure is altered coal seam, longer second crack being connected to the first crack can be formed in coal seam, and the second crack is promoted to exist
Respectively to extension in coal seam, to form a plurality of longer dendritic fracture in coal seam.Due to taking by force for carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue
Sand ability is filled into sand class proppant in a plurality of dendritic fracture in coal seam, to be formed in coalbed methane reservoir remote
Net is stitched in the support of distance, and then forms the coal bed gas channel of high flow conductivity.In addition, active hydraulic pressure used in the embodiment of the present invention
Liquid is split when carrying out the row of returning, and viscosity of the low sand than load fluid and high sand ratio load fluid can be effectively reduced, so that three be made quickly to return
Row, while playing the role of rinsing coal seam, coalbed methane reservoir will not be blocked, reduces fracturing fluid and is detained to coal seam bring wound
Evil.As it can be seen that method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can effectively improve the production of coal bed gas under the premise of not injuring coalbed methane reservoir
Amount.
Specific embodiment
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used in the embodiment of the present invention all have usual with those skilled in the art
The identical meaning understood.Before embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail, to understanding the embodiment of the present invention
Some terms provide definition.
" low sand is than load fluid " and " high sand ratio load fluid " described in the embodiment of the present invention refer to support containing sand class
The fracturing fluid of agent, they play the role of carrying out coalbed methane reservoir fracturing reform, and difference is that sand class contained by the two supports
The mass percentage of agent is different.
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention will be made into one below
Step ground detailed description.
Low for porosity, " dry coal " characteristic such as permeability is low, moisture content is low coalbed methane reservoir, the prior art are common
The techniques such as fracturing reform technique has guanidine glue laminated to split, clean fracturing fluid pressure break, active water pressure break.And in guanidine glue fracturing technology, by
Big in the viscosity of guanidine gum fracturing fluid, there are larger resistances between the coalbed methane reservoir low with moisture content, it is difficult to the row of returning.And in activity
In water fracturing technology, although active water fracturing fluid viscosity is low, small to formation damage, the easily row of returning, its prop-carrying capacity is poor, it is difficult to
Sufficiently long effective support slit is formed in coal seam.In view of the above-mentioned problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of storages of coal bed gas
The fracturing process of layer, in particular for the fracturing process of the coalbed methane reservoir with above-mentioned " dry coal " characteristic.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir, this method comprises:
Step 101 carries out perforation in the roof above coal seam middle and upper part and coal seam.
Step 102, the pump note active water fracturing fluid into the roof for completing perforation, form first in the roof
Crack.
Step 103, into the first crack, pump low sand of the note containing sand class proppant enters sand class proppant than load fluid
In first crack.Wherein, which includes the component of following mass percentage: the carboxymethyl hydroxyl of 0.1-0.3% than load fluid
Propyl guanidine glue, the cleanup additive of KCl, 0.5-1% of 1-2%, the sand class proppant of 8-12%, surplus are water.
Step 104 continues high sand ratio load fluid of the pump note containing sand class proppant into the first crack, alters coal seam with pressure,
The second crack being connected to the first crack is formed in coal seam, and the second crack is promoted to extend in coal seam, is formed in coal seam
A plurality of dendritic fracture, and make in a plurality of dendritic fracture full of sand class proppant.Wherein, which includes following matter
Measure the component of percentage composition: carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue, the cleanup additive of KCl, 0.5-1% of 1-2%, 12- of 0.1-0.3%
48% sand class proppant, surplus are water.
Step 105 is replaced sand class proppant remaining in pit shaft to a plurality of dendritic fracture using active water fracturing fluid,
Termination of pumping, closing well drive a well after a plurality of dendritic fracture closure, the row of returning, until when the well head of the pit shaft does not shake out.
The fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir provided in an embodiment of the present invention is infused by pumping into the roof for completing perforation
Active water fracturing fluid carries out pressing crack construction to it, to form the first crack in roof, while effectively increasing coal bed gas storage
The water content of layer；Then by successively into the first crack pump low sand of the note containing carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue than load fluid and high
Sand makes its pressure alter coal seam than load fluid, longer second crack being connected to the first crack can be formed in coal seam, and promote
Second crack in coal seam respectively to extension, to form a plurality of longer dendritic fracture in coal seam.Due to carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl
The strong prop-carrying capacity of guanidine glue is filled into sand class proppant in a plurality of dendritic fracture in coal seam, to store up in coal bed gas
Support seam net at a distance is formed in layer, and then forms the coal bed gas channel of high flow conductivity.In addition, used in the embodiment of the present invention
Active water fracturing fluid viscosity of the low sand than load fluid and high sand ratio load fluid can be effectively reduced, make the three quickly row of returning, together
When play the role of rinse coal seam, coalbed methane reservoir will not be blocked, reduce fracturing fluid be detained to coal seam bring injure.It can
See, method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the yield of coal bed gas can be effectively improved under the premise of not injuring coalbed methane reservoir.
Specifically, perforation is carried out in the roof above coal seam middle and upper part and coal seam by step 101, it is not only sharp
In seam and slit is formed, and is avoided that coal seam itself cranny development in subsequent fracturing process.Wherein, for the ease of it is subsequent
Slit is made in coalbed methane reservoir, preferably in coal seam at the top of coal seam in the range of 2-4 meters and roof apart from coal seam push up
Perforation is carried out in the range of within 3 meters of portion.It is understood that perforation is conventional means to those skilled in the art,
Step 101 can be realized by the conventional perforation operation of this field.And preferably, uniformity in order to guarantee perforation, so as to
Each incorgruous crack is formed inside coal seam, the embodiment of the present invention limits the hole Kong Miwei 14-18/rice, preferably 16 of the perforation
Hole/rice, phase angle are 50 ° -70 °, preferably 60 °.Further for example, it can be realized by penetrating 102 rifles and 127 bullets
Above-mentioned perforating application.Wherein, phase angle refers to the angle that perforation orientation is staggered in a circumferential direction, and general hole reservoir is normal
Perforation phase angle is 90 °, 120 ° or 180 °, and in order to which the chance for intersecting duct with the crack in coal seam increases, Chang Cai
With 45 °, 60 ° of equiphase angles.
Wherein, method provided in an embodiment of the present invention can be to quality such as sandstone, argillaceous sandstone, Sandy Silt, mud stone
Roof carries out perforation and seam.In order to be conducive to artificially form controllable slit, preferably to sandstone, argillaceous sandstone quality
Roof carries out perforation.
By step 102, into the roof for completing perforation, pump infuses active water fracturing fluid, to carry out to the roof
Pressure break, to form the first crack in the roof.Since used active water fracturing fluid includes following quality percentage
The component of content: the clay stabilizer of KCl, 0.2-0.5% of 1.0-2.0%, surplus are water.The active water pressure break of above-mentioned composition
Liquid is not only at low cost, and its rock core anti-dilative is greater than 80%, and coal core injury rate is less than 20%, can be with while realizing seam
The water content for increasing coalbed methane reservoir, improves " dry coal " characteristic of the coalbed methane reservoir, and can effectively prevent clay swell, subtracts
Few injury to stratum.In addition, the active water fracturing fluid of above-mentioned composition can increase flowable water, coal petrography and clast are effectively solved
The expansion issues of rock clay further decrease the injury in fracturing process to coal seam.
Wherein, which is state of the art, for example, it can be quaternary ammonium salts clay stabilization
Agent, 2- ethyl-trimethyl salmiac CETA, PA-F type clay stabilizer, polyquaternary amine-ammonium chloride compound clay stabilizer, dimethyl
Copolymer etc. of the diallyl ammonium chloride with acrylamide.Or it can be common commercial product, such as Xi'an Asia nation
The commercially available clay stabilizer of the offers such as Petroleum Technology Co., Ltd.
Preferably, the discharge capacity of active water fracturing fluid is 3.0-6.0m in step 1023/ min, preferably 4-5m3/ min,
Pump fluence is 300-500m3.Preferably 400m3.It is defined as above by the discharge capacity to active water fracturing fluid with pump fluence, no
Be only capable of the controllably seam in roof, and energy minimization reduce injury to coal seam, and reduce cost of material.Wherein,
During " discharge capacity " described in the embodiment of the present invention refers to pump note, the pump beam amount of each fracturing fluid.
Step 103 pumps low sand of the note containing sand class proppant into the first crack than load fluid, and the low sand is than load fluid packet
Include the component of following mass percentage: the row of helping of the carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue of 0.1-0.3%, KCl, 0.5-1% of 1-2%
Agent, the sand class proppant of 8-12%, surplus are water.Above-mentioned low sand contains carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue than load fluid, not only has
There is stronger prop-carrying capacity, sand class proppant can be carried and be filled into the first crack, improve seam effect, is conducive to the shape in coal seam
At slit, and it is easy to the row of returning after breaking gel, it is smaller to the injury in coal seam.
Further, which is low temperature frozen glue, under formation temperature (about 20-50 DEG C),
170s-1Under the conditions of viscosity be 30-50mPas, break adhesiveness be less than 5mPas, coal core injury rate is less than 20%.So that
Glue can be broken rapidly in the row of returning, viscosity falls to original 10-17%, thus carry out the row of returning to greatest extent in a short time,
The blocking in coal seam is reduced, reduces the injury to coal seam as far as possible.
Wherein, cleanup additive used is state of the art, especially non-ionic as a kind of surfactant
Surfactant, for helping liquid to return row from stratum in fracturing process.For example, which may include fluorine carbon
Surfactant, erucyl amide propylsultaine glycine betaine, dodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, biology
Demulsifier SWP etc..Wherein, above-mentioned formation temperature has different temperature ranges according to different oil fields or basin, citing
For, regional geothermal gradient is 3.7 DEG C/100m in Ji.
Preferably, low sand is 1.8-2.2m than the discharge capacity of load fluid in step 1033/ min, preferably 2.0m3/ min,
Pump fluence is 40-70m3, preferably 50m3.The embodiment of the present invention by be defined as above low sand than load fluid discharge capacity and pump fluence,
The trend and depth that the first crack can effectively be controlled make its linear property protrude into coal seam, conducive to slit is formed in coal seam.
Step 104 can be pressed effectively by continuing pump note high sand ratio load fluid and alter coal seam, formed in coal seam and split with first
Longer second crack of connection is stitched, and the second crack can be promoted to extend in coal seam, is formed in coal seam and is full of sand class branch
The a plurality of dendritic fracture for supportting agent, to link up to form high flow conductivity channel with roof.Wherein, " dendritic fracture "
It refers in coal seam, using the second crack as major fracture, and with a plurality of sub- crack of this each extension in different directions.It can be with
Understand, more second cracks and strip crack can cross one another each other, and netted support gap is collectively formed in they.
In addition, high sand ratio load fluid used in step 104 includes the component of following mass percentage: 0.1-0.3%
Carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue, the cleanup additive of KCl, 0.5-1% of 1-2%, the sand class proppant of 12-48%, surplus be water.And
The pump fluence of the high sand ratio load fluid is 160-220m3, preferably 200m3.The embodiment of the present invention is by being defined as above the high sand ratio
Load fluid not only can guarantee and form remote crack in coal seam, and can guarantee to be formed by crack and be each filled with sand class branch
Agent is supportted, seam effect is improved.
Preferably, note high sand ratio load fluid is pumped using the change discharge capacity mode that discharge capacity is gradually increased in step 104, it is specific to grasp
Make as follows: the discharge capacity of control high sand ratio load fluid is followed successively by 2.2-2.6m3/min、2.7-3.2m3/min、3.3-3.6m3/min、
3.8-4.2m3/ min, and discharge capacity is successively preferably 2.5m3/min、3.0m3/min、3.5m3/min、4.0m3/min.Accordingly, it controls
In high sand ratio load fluid processed the mass percentage of sand class proppant be 12-16%, 20-27%, 29-40%, 43-48%, and
It is successively preferably 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%.The embodiment of the present invention pumps note high sand ratio by way of stepping up discharge capacity and takes
Sand liquid guarantees to be formed first the second deeper crack along longitudinal direction in coal seam as main seam, after main slit after, by gradually increasing
Add the discharge capacity of high sand ratio load fluid and the mass percentage of sand class proppant contained therein, to form more depths around it
Equally deeper crack is spent, to form support seam net at a distance in coal seam.
Specifically, sand class proppant described in the embodiment of the present invention is state of the art, in order to improve seam effect,
And coal seam is not damaged, the preferred mesh number of the embodiment of the present invention is the natural siliceous sand of 20-40 mesh.For example, this is natural
The mesh number of quartz sand can be 20-30 mesh, 25-35 mesh, 33-39 mesh, 22 mesh, 27 mesh, 29 mesh, 31 mesh, 34 mesh, 36 mesh, 38 mesh
Deng.
Step 105 is by carrying out the row's of returning processing to pump note to each fracturing fluid in coal seam, to subtract after the completion of seam
Few coal seam blocking bring injury.Pump has infused active water fracturing fluid in step 102, with low sand than load fluid, high sand ratio load fluid
Mixing is effectively reduced the viscosity of the two, is conducive to the quickly row of returning, while playing and rinsing coal seam, reducing fracturing fluid delay injury
Effect.Specifically, fully and completely for the row of returning, which is specifically operated as follows: when the pressure of well head is greater than
When 10MPa, diameter is used to carry out the row of returning for the oil nozzle of 3mm；When the pressure of well head is 5-10MPa, use diameter for the oil of 5mm
Mouth carries out the row of returning；When the pressure of well head is less than 5MPa, diameter is used to carry out the row of returning for the oil nozzle of 10mm.
Further, method provided in an embodiment of the present invention further include: when the pressure of the well head of pit shaft is 0, using work
Property water fracturing fluid to pit shaft carry out well-flushing processing, with impurity such as the sand setting cleaned out in pit shaft and coal dusts, to guarantee pit shaft
It is unobstructed, conducive to the mining of coal bed gas.
Further, after the completion of above-mentioned fracturing process, pump dress pump drainage can be descended to adopt, promote above each fracturing fluid into one
Viscosity reduction flowing and the row of returning are walked, and carries out the mining operation of coal bed gas.
Hereinafter the present invention will be further described through by specific embodiment.
In following specific embodiments, condition person is not specified in related operation, according to normal conditions or manufacturer
It is recommended that condition carry out.It is raw materials used production firm is not specified and specification person be can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
Part material information involved in following embodiment is as follows:
Clay stabilizer, QY-138 type are purchased from Xi'an Ya Bang Petroleum Technology Co., Ltd；
Natural siliceous sand, specification: 20 mesh (embodiment 1, embodiment 2) and 40 mesh (embodiment 3, embodiment 4) are purchased from spur
Mountain city Zhong Peng water-purifying material Co., Ltd；
Cleanup additive, OF-101, Shanghai Chu Xing Chemical Co., Ltd..
Embodiment 1
Coal seam selected by the present embodiment is the Anze block in the area Shanxi Qin Nan, and the depth in the coal seam is 800-806 meters,
With a thickness of 6 meters, roof is argillaceous sandstone, and the depth of roof is 795-800 meters, with a thickness of 5 meters.
1) perforation: in coal seam middle and upper part away from the top of coal seam 3 in the roof above 4 meters of roof and coal seam
Perforation (102 rifles, 127 bullets, 60 degree of phase angles, 16 holes Kong Miwei/rice) are carried out at rice, perforating depth is 797-804 meters, and perforation is thick
Degree is 7 meters, and perforation number is 112.
2) pump note active water fracturing fluid: active water fracturing fluid is prepared comprising the component of following mass percentage:
The water of 1.0% KCl, 0.2% clay stabilizer and surplus.The discharge capacity for controlling the active water fracturing fluid is 5.0m3/ min,
The pump note 500m into the roof for completing perforation3The active water fracturing fluid, to complete perforation roof carry out pressure break
Construction makes to complete to form the first crack in the roof of perforation.
3) pump infuses low sand than load fluid: it prepares low sand and compares load fluid comprising the component of following mass percentage:
0.1% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue (170s-1Under viscosity be 30mPas), 1% KCl, 0.5% cleanup additive, 10%
Natural siliceous sand.It is 2.0m that low sand, which is controlled, than the discharge capacity of load fluid3/ min, the low sand ratio that note is pumped into the first crack take sand
Liquid enters natural siliceous sand in the first crack.
4) pump note high sand ratio load fluid: high sand ratio load fluid is prepared comprising the component of following mass percentage:
0.1% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue (170s-1Lower viscosity is 30mPas), 1% KCl, 0.5% cleanup additive, Yi Jizhi
Amount percentage composition is respectively 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% natural siliceous sand.The discharge capacity of control high sand ratio load fluid is followed successively by
2.5m3/min、3.0m3/min、3.5m3/min、4.0m3/ min accordingly controls natural siliceous sand in the high sand ratio load fluid
Mass percentage be 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, continue into the first crack pump note 200m3The high sand ratio load fluid,
Coal seam is altered with pressure, forms the second crack being connected to the first crack in coal seam, and the second crack is promoted to extend in coal seam,
A plurality of dendritic fracture is formed in coal seam, and enters the natural siliceous sand in a plurality of dendritic fracture.
5) natural siliceous sand remaining in pit shaft is replaced to a plurality of dendritic fracture using active water fracturing fluid, termination of pumping,
It closing well 0.5 hour, after a plurality of dendritic fracture closure, drives a well, the row of returning, until when the well head of pit shaft does not shake out.
6) when the pressure of well head is 0, well-flushing processing is carried out to pit shaft using active water fracturing fluid, then lower pump dress pump drainage
It adopts, promotes the further viscosity reduction flowing of fracturing fluid and the row of returning.
Conducive to fracturing process provided in this embodiment, CBM Drainage reaches 2500m using the gas output per well of well3/ d (cube
Rice/day), and stationary phase was up to 1 year.As it can be seen that the gas production of coal bed gas is effectively increased using method provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
And stationary phase is long.
Embodiment 2
Coal seam selected by the present embodiment is the Zheng Zhuan block in the area Shanxi Qin Nan, and the depth in the coal seam is 1000-1006
Rice, with a thickness of 6 meters, roof is sandstone, and the depth of roof is 995-1000 meters, with a thickness of 5 meters.
1) perforation: in coal seam middle and upper part away from the top of coal seam 3 in the roof above 3 meters of roof and coal seam
Perforation (102 rifles, 127 bullets, 60 degree of phase angles, 16 holes Kong Miwei/rice) are carried out at rice, perforating depth is 997-1003 meters, perforation
With a thickness of 6 meters, perforation number is 96.
2) pump note active water fracturing fluid: active water fracturing fluid is prepared comprising the component of following mass percentage:
The water of 1.5% KCl, 0.3% clay stabilizer and surplus.The discharge capacity for controlling the active water fracturing fluid is 3.0m3/ min,
The pump note 400m into the roof for completing perforation3The active water fracturing fluid, to complete perforation roof carry out pressure break
Construction makes to complete to form the first crack in the roof of perforation.
3) pump infuses low sand than load fluid: it prepares low sand and compares load fluid comprising the component of following mass percentage:
0.15% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue (170s-1Under viscosity be 30mPas), 1.5% KCl, 0.7% cleanup additive,
8% natural siliceous sand.It is 2.0m that low sand, which is controlled, than the discharge capacity of load fluid3/ min, the low sand ratio that note is pumped into the first crack are taken
Sand liquid enters natural siliceous sand in the first crack.
4) pump note high sand ratio load fluid: high sand ratio load fluid is prepared comprising the component of following mass percentage:
0.1% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue (170s-1Lower viscosity is 30mPas), 1% KCl, 0.5% cleanup additive, Yi Jizhi
Amount percentage composition is respectively 13%, 22%, 33%, 44% natural siliceous sand.The discharge capacity of control high sand ratio load fluid is followed successively by
2.2m3/min、2.8m3/min、3.4m3/min、3.9m3/ min accordingly controls natural siliceous sand in the high sand ratio load fluid
Mass percentage be 13%, 22%, 33%, 44%, continue into the first crack pump note 150m3The high sand ratio load fluid,
Coal seam is altered with pressure, forms the second crack being connected to the first crack in coal seam, and the second crack is promoted to extend in coal seam,
A plurality of dendritic fracture is formed in coal seam, and enters the natural siliceous sand in a plurality of dendritic fracture.
5) natural siliceous sand remaining in pit shaft is replaced to a plurality of dendritic fracture using active water fracturing fluid, termination of pumping,
It closing well 0.5 hour, after a plurality of dendritic fracture closure, drives a well, the row of returning, until when the well head of pit shaft does not shake out.
6) when the pressure of well head is 0, well-flushing processing is carried out to pit shaft using active water fracturing fluid, then lower pump dress pump drainage
It adopts, promotes the further viscosity reduction flowing of fracturing fluid and the row of returning.
Conducive to fracturing process provided in this embodiment, CBM Drainage reaches 1700m using the gas output per well of well3/ d, and it is steady
Periodically up to 1.5 years.As it can be seen that effectively increasing the gas production of coal bed gas using method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
Coal seam selected by the present embodiment is the Anze block in the area Shanxi Qin Nan, and the depth in the coal seam is 800-803 meters,
With a thickness of 3 meters, roof is argillaceous sandstone, and the depth of roof is 795-800 meters, with a thickness of 5 meters.
1) perforation: in coal seam middle and upper part away from the top of coal seam 3 in the roof above 2 meters of roof and coal seam
Perforation (102 rifles, 127 bullets, 60 degree of phase angles, 16 holes Kong Miwei/rice) are carried out at rice, perforating depth is 797-802 meters, and perforation is thick
Degree is 5 meters, and perforation number is 80.
2) pump note active water fracturing fluid: active water fracturing fluid is prepared comprising the component of following mass percentage:
The water of 1.8% KCl, 0.4% clay stabilizer and surplus.The discharge capacity for controlling the active water fracturing fluid is 4.5m3/ min,
The pump note 300m into the roof for completing perforation3The active water fracturing fluid, to complete perforation roof carry out pressure break
Construction makes to complete to form the first crack in the roof of perforation.
3) pump infuses low sand than load fluid: it prepares low sand and compares load fluid comprising the component of following mass percentage:
0.2% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue (170s-1Under viscosity be 30mPas), 1.8% KCl, 1.0% cleanup additive,
10% natural siliceous sand.It is 2.0m that low sand, which is controlled, than the discharge capacity of load fluid3/ min, the low sand ratio that note is pumped into the first crack are taken
Sand liquid enters natural siliceous sand in the first crack.
4) pump note high sand ratio load fluid: high sand ratio load fluid is prepared comprising the component of following mass percentage:
0.1% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue (170s-1Lower viscosity is 30mPas), 1% KCl, 0.5% cleanup additive, quality hundred
Point content is respectively 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% natural siliceous sand.The discharge capacity of control high sand ratio load fluid is followed successively by
2.5m3/min、3.0m3/min、3.5m3/min、4.0m3/ min accordingly controls natural siliceous sand in the high sand ratio load fluid
Mass percentage be 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, continue into the first crack pump note 100m3The high sand ratio load fluid,
Coal seam is altered with pressure, forms the second crack being connected to the first crack in coal seam, and the second crack is promoted to extend in coal seam,
A plurality of dendritic fracture is formed in coal seam, and enters the natural siliceous sand in a plurality of dendritic fracture.
5) it is replaced using remaining natural siliceous sand in active water fracturing fluid pit shaft to a plurality of dendritic fracture, termination of pumping, is closed
It well 0.5 hour, after a plurality of dendritic fracture closure, drives a well, the row of returning, until when the well head of pit shaft does not shake out.
6) when the pressure of well head is 0, well-flushing processing is carried out to pit shaft using active water fracturing fluid, then lower pump dress pump drainage
It adopts, promotes the further viscosity reduction flowing of fracturing fluid and the row of returning.
Conducive to fracturing process provided in this embodiment, CBM Drainage reaches 2500m using the gas output per well of well3/ d, and it is steady
Periodically up to 1 year.As it can be seen that effectively increasing the gas production of coal bed gas using method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 4
Coal seam selected by the present embodiment is the Zheng Zhuan block in the area Shanxi Qin Nan, and the depth in the coal seam is 1000-1003
Rice, with a thickness of 3 meters, roof is sandstone, and the depth of roof is 995-1000 meters, with a thickness of 5 meters.
1) perforation: in coal seam middle and upper part away from the top of coal seam 3 in the roof above 2 meters of roof and coal seam
Perforation (102 rifles, 127 bullets, 60 degree of phase angles, 16 holes Kong Miwei/rice) are carried out at rice, perforating depth is 797-804 meters, and perforation is thick
Degree is 5 meters, and perforation number is 80.
2) pump note active water fracturing fluid: active water fracturing fluid is prepared comprising the component of following mass percentage:
The water of 2.0% KCl, 0.5% clay stabilizer and surplus.The discharge capacity for controlling the active water fracturing fluid is 6.0m3/ min,
The pump note 450m into the roof for completing perforation3The active water fracturing fluid, to complete perforation roof carry out pressure break
Construction makes to complete to form the first crack in the roof of perforation.
3) pump infuses low sand than load fluid: it prepares low sand and compares load fluid comprising the component of following mass percentage:
0.3% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue (170s-1Under viscosity be 30mPas), 2.0% KCl, 0.5% cleanup additive,
12% natural siliceous sand.It is 2.0m that low sand, which is controlled, than the discharge capacity of load fluid3/ min, the low sand ratio that note is pumped into the first crack are taken
Sand liquid enters natural siliceous sand in the first crack.
4) pump note high sand ratio load fluid: high sand ratio load fluid is prepared comprising the component of following mass percentage:
0.1% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue (170s-1Lower viscosity is 30mPas), 1% KCl, 0.5% cleanup additive, quality hundred
Point content is respectively 16%, 27%, 40%, 48% natural siliceous sand.The discharge capacity of control high sand ratio load fluid is followed successively by
2.6m3/min、3.2m3/min、3.6m3/min、4.2m3/ min accordingly controls natural siliceous sand in the high sand ratio load fluid
Mass percentage be 16%, 27%, 40%, 48%, continue into the first crack pump note 200m3The high sand ratio load fluid,
Coal seam is altered with pressure, forms the second crack being connected to the first crack in coal seam, and the second crack is promoted to extend in coal seam,
A plurality of dendritic fracture is formed in coal seam, and enters the natural siliceous sand in a plurality of dendritic fracture.
5) natural siliceous sand remaining in pit shaft is replaced to a plurality of dendritic fracture using active water fracturing fluid, termination of pumping,
It closing well 0.5 hour, after a plurality of dendritic fracture closure, drives a well, the row of returning, until when the well head of pit shaft does not shake out.
6) when the pressure of well head is 0, well-flushing processing is carried out to pit shaft using active water fracturing fluid, then lower pump dress pump drainage
It adopts, promotes the further viscosity reduction flowing of fracturing fluid and the row of returning.
Conducive to fracturing process provided in this embodiment, CBM Drainage reaches 1700m using the gas output per well of well3/ d, and it is steady
Periodically up to 1.5 years.As it can be seen that effectively increasing the gas production of coal bed gas using method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the protection scope being not intended to limit the invention, all in this hair
Within bright spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in protection scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of fracturing process of coalbed methane reservoir, the coalbed methane reservoir is the coal that porosity is low, permeability is low, moisture content is low
Layer gas reservoir, the fracturing process include:
Step a, perforation is carried out in the roof above coal seam middle and upper part and the coal seam；
Step b, the pump note active water fracturing fluid into the roof for completing perforation, forms first in the roof and splits
Seam, to improve the water content of coalbed methane reservoir；The active water fracturing fluid is grouped as by the group of following mass percentage: 1.0-
The clay stabilizer of 2.0% KCl, 0.2-0.5%, surplus are water；The discharge capacity of the active water fracturing fluid is 4-5m3/ min,
Pump fluence is 300-500m3；
Step c, in the first crack Xiang Suoshu low sand of the pump note containing sand class proppant than load fluid, make the sand class proppant into
Enter in first crack, the low sand includes the component of following mass percentage: the carboxymethyl of 0.1-0.3% than load fluid
Hydroxypropyl guar, the cleanup additive of KCl, 0.5-1% of 1-2%, the sand class proppant of 8-12%, surplus are water；
In the step c, the low sand is 1.8-2.2m than the discharge capacity of load fluid3/ min, pump fluence are 40-70m3；
Step d, continue high sand ratio load fluid of the pump note containing sand class proppant into first crack, the coal is altered with pressure
Layer forms the second crack being connected to first crack in the coal seam, and promotes second crack in the coal seam
Interior extension forms a plurality of dendritic fracture in the coal seam, and the sand class proppant is full of in a plurality of dendritic fracture, described
High sand ratio load fluid includes the component of following mass percentage: carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine glue, the 1-2% of 0.1-0.3%
The cleanup additive of KCl, 0.5-1%, the sand class proppant of 15-45%, surplus are water；The sand class proppant is the day of 20-40 mesh
Right quartz sand；
In the step d, the pump fluence of the high sand ratio load fluid is 160-220m3；
By stepping up the change discharge capacity mode of discharge capacity, pump infuses the high sand ratio load fluid in the first crack Xiang Suoshu,
The discharge capacity mode that becomes includes: to control the discharge capacity of the high sand ratio load fluid to be followed successively by 2.2-2.6m3/min、2.7-
3.2m3/min、3.3-3.6m3/min、3.8-4.2m3/ min accordingly controls sand class proppant in the high sand ratio load fluid
Mass percentage be 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%；
Step e, the sand class proppant remaining in pit shaft is replaced to described a plurality of dendritic using the active water fracturing fluid
In crack, termination of pumping, closing well drives a well after a plurality of dendritic fracture closure, the row of returning, until when the well head of the pit shaft does not shake out
Until；During the row of returning, the active water fracturing fluid reduces the low sand liquor ratio load fluid and the takasago liquid
Than the viscosity of load fluid, play the role of rinsing the coalbed methane reservoir,
In the step e, the row of returning are as follows: when the pressure of the well head be greater than 10MPa when, use diameter for the oil nozzle of 3mm into
The row row of returning；When the pressure of the well head is 5-10MPa, diameter is used to carry out the row of returning for the oil nozzle of 5mm；When the pressure of the well head
When power is less than 5MPa, diameter is used to carry out the row of returning for the oil nozzle of 10mm.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, 16 holes Kong Miwei/rice of the perforation,
Phase angle is 60 °.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method also includes: when the well head pressure be 0
When, well-flushing processing is carried out to the pit shaft using the active water fracturing fluid.
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| CN109209320B (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2021-07-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Secondary fracturing method for coal-bed gas well |
| CN109488284B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2022-03-18 | 中海油能源发展股份有限公司 | Simulation test device for water pressure propagation distance in drainage and production process of coal bed gas vertical well |
| CN110185447A (en) * | 2019-05-19 | 2019-08-30 | 中铁十九局集团矿业投资有限公司 | A kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate method of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep |
| CN110173251A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-27 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Compact oil reservoir CO2Auxiliary energy-storage imbibition fracturing process |
| CN113550717A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-26 | 尹祖龙 | Coal bed gas fracturing device and using method thereof |
| CN113622891B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2023-06-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Dredging type fracturing method of high-rank coal reservoir |
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