CN110185447A - A kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate method of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep - Google Patents

A kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate method of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110185447A
CN110185447A CN201910416111.3A CN201910416111A CN110185447A CN 110185447 A CN110185447 A CN 110185447A CN 201910416111 A CN201910416111 A CN 201910416111A CN 110185447 A CN110185447 A CN 110185447A
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Prior art keywords
ore body
top plate
well
fracturing
hard ore
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CN201910416111.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵鑫
李长城
王博
潘超
莫麟
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China Railway 19th Bureau Group Mining Investment Co Ltd
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China Railway 19th Bureau Group Mining Investment Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910416111.3A priority Critical patent/CN110185447A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/12Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/22Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate methods of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep, using ground vertical well fracturing technique, high-order hard ore body is protected top layer ore avalanche below by vertical well pressure break, reserved high-order hard ore body protects top layer, to safeguard that stope directly pushes up safety.This method uses ground vertical well fracturing technique, and perforated interval is arranged in the safe thickness line of high-order hard ore body shield top layer hereinafter, carrying out vertical well pressure break along safe thickness line.It is obvious that the present invention is suitable for deep metallic ore ore body boundary line, directly top built on the sand and ore body is hard firm, and conventional soft broken top plate hard ore body back production underground control technology can not solve the problems, such as high-order hard ore body, high-order hard ore body shield top can effectively be reserved, stope ore losses and directly top barren rock caused by collapsing because of high-order hard ore body is prevented to be mixed into, the rate of extraction is improved, ore dilution rate is reduced.

Description

A kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate method of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallic ore underground minings directly to push up control technology field, it particularly relates to which a kind of deep is soft broken The vertical well fracturing control top plate method of the hard ore body back production of top plate.
Background technique
In recent years, it as society is increasingly exhausted with easy fief table resource to being continuously increased for alumina mineral products resource requirement, opens It adopts depth and has to deeper and deeper, some mines have even reached underground 1km hereinafter, in underground mine both domestic and external, into deep Mining state it is more and more.After mine enters deep mining, ground pressure is significantly increased, and is occurred in actual production process many tired Difficulty, the safe and efficient low poor damage for seriously constraining mine resources recycle, and are primarily present the technical problem of the following aspects:
(1) metallic ore ore is hard firm under normal circumstances, if directly top haves the characteristics that thin layer, stratification development and frangible, Need to reserve a certain thickness high position hard ore body shield top layer in production process, however traditional blasting procedure, it is difficult to it realizes reserved The hard ore body of a regular thin high position protects top layer, even if leaving shield top layer reluctantly, but often because explosion is shattered, that supporting is not achieved is direct The intensity requirement on top;
(2) destruction dug up mine results in roadway and collapses and destroyed with blasthole in addition be natively crushed unsteady direct top;
(3) medium-length hole constructional difficulties, one-tenth porosity and utilization rate are low.Due to rock drilling join road and rock drilling gallery across collapsing serious, medium-length hole Engineering is difficult to construct.In addition, being influenced by surrounding rock stability difference, the medium-length hole after pore-forming is easily-deformable, so that blasthole one-tenth porosity and benefit It is low with rate;
(4) economic benefit is destroyed.It tunnels into difficult lane, demolition effect difference and directly top rock stability is poor, is difficult to balanced ore drawing Equal factors cause ore dilution rate during back production ore drawing high, and ore loss ratio is big.After ore dilution rate also increases greatly Phase transport and ore dressing processing cost;
(5) mining and post-processing are at high cost.Rock drilling gallery joins multiple a large amount of supportings of road, especially slusher runner and secondary quick-fried It breaks so that mining cost sharply increases.
To solve this problem, it mostly uses with passively strengthening supporting and increases the method for ore pillar width and guarantee that tunnel is enclosed Rock is stablized, or controls being caving for hard ore body, but strengthening supporting and increase ore pillar width by the methods of blasting procedure of active Method can not fundamentally solve the generation of security risk, while wasting a large amount of ore resource;And active is quick-fried Explosive stress wave and the detonation gas effect that broken method generates make to crack in high-order hard ore body shield top layer rock mass or original split Line extension leads to high-order hard ore body shield top layer rock mass mechanics performance deterioration, influences the integrality of high-order hard ore body shield top layer, It causes high-order hard ore body shield top layer that the intensity requirement that supporting is directly pushed up is not achieved, the part of rock mass is possibly even caused when serious Unstability and destruction leave security risk to the normal construction and operation of engineering.Therefore, in practical projects, it is necessary to take effectively Control measure reduce or avoid damage of the blast action to the reservation rock mass other than outline excavation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of method that the vertical well pressure break of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep is directly pushed up, needle To directly pushed up present in bauxite recovery process built on the sand and ore body it is hard it is firm, need to stay and set complete ore shield top and guarantee The problem of ore safe working, avoids conventional blasting method from influencing the integrality of high-order hard ore body shield top layer, high determining Under the premise of the safe thickness of the hard ore body shield top layer in position, the vertical fractured well in arrangement ground is realized a wide range of using vertical well pressure break Pressure break and the purpose for softening hard ore body are avoiding blast action from sufficiently protecting the damage of the reservation rock mass other than outline excavation Under the premise of demonstrate,proving working face personnel and equipment safety, the production efficiency of working face is improved to greatest extent.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
S1: it determines that high-order hard ore body protects top layer, according to direct top, hard ore body layer position and interlayer nature of ground, obtains rationally The hard ore body of a high position protect top layer;
S2: it determines the safe thickness of high-order hard ore body shield top layer, is obtained according to structural mechanics beam theory calculating method high-order hard The safe thickness of ore body shield top layer;
S3: arranging vertical fractured well, to having dug tunnel but having unminded the region of ore body, in the vertical fractured well of ground construction, vertically The overall structure of fractured well is three to drive a well body structure.It specifically includes:
S3.1: one, which spuds in, proceeds to the whole hole of stable basement rock or less, after one opens, tripping in surface layer fracturing string, and sealing earth's surface of cementing the well Unconsolidated formation, well cementation use conventional density cement, and cement returns up to ground;
S3.2: two spud in seeing that directly top stops boring, and after two open, tripping in technology fracturing string, sealing stratum of cementing the well, well cementation makes With conventional density cement, cement returns 50 ~ 80m on up to direct top;
S3.3: three spud in 15 ~ 30m finishing drilling below the safe thickness of high-order hard ore body shield top layer, after three open, tripping in pressure Tubing string is split, sealing stratum of cementing the well, well cementation uses conventional density cement, and the safety that cement returns up to high-order hard ore body shield top layer is thick Spend 50 ~ 100m of line or more;
S4: connection frac system and progress fracturing work specifically include:
S4.1: connection frac system, 35 ~ 45MPa of pressure testing, 15 ~ 30min of pressure stabilizing, pressure drop≤0.5MPa, no seepage and no leakage are qualification;
S4.2: opening frac system, carries out vertical well pressure break, and structure is destroyed and forms a wide range of water under the action of high pressure water Pressure-break area, blocks well head after drain;
S5: fracturing effect monitoring is carried out, is specifically included:
S5.1: the developmental state in microseism detection device detection crack is enabled;
S5.2: evaluation of Fracturing Effect on Compact Sandstone is carried out in conjunction with data such as geological structures according to monitoring result.
Further, it apart from tunnelling face at least 350m drilling well and pressing crack construction, shunts in a well after drain, between offset well Away from for 400 ~ 500m.
Further, using 600 type fracture well heads.
Further, construction well head oil pressure pressure limiting is 70MPa, and fracturing string pressure limiting is 35MPa, and construction pressure limiting is 50.0MPa。
Further, the proportion of fracturing fluid is 99.95% with liquid water and 0.05%ALD-608.
Further, free from admixture should be cleaned with liquid water quality, pH value is 6.5~7.5.
Further, fracturing fluid is swollen at least 2 hours or more and can use, and recycles 10 minutes before construction.
Further, it is ensured that total displacement is in 5 ~ 6m3/ min, wherein 3 ~ 4m of oil pipe discharge capacity3/ min, fracturing string discharge capacity are about 1 ~2m3/min。
Further, can tripping in more times fracturing strings combination, after first time fracturing string combination tripping in, to first layer pressure break After the completion, operation team proposes fracturing string in well, visits sand face and carries out back-up sand operation, tripping in second plows fracturing string after the deep qualification in school Combination, other time fracturing string combination and so on.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention carries out ground vertical well perforation vertical well pressure break control top to hard ore body, weak The integrality changed the intensity of rock mass, destroyed hard ore body ensure that high-order hard the staying for top layer of ore body shield of safe thickness sets, The damage for avoiding the reservation rock mass other than outline excavation, maintains stope and directly pushes up safety.Specific effect is embodied in following side Face, on the one hand, excavation face can be made smooth, reduce the disturbance to roadway surrounding rock, rock is without broken, the high-order hard ore body shield of realization Top layer, which stays, to be set;On the other hand, direct top is protected, the rate of dilution is reduced.
Generally speaking, the present invention, which realizes, effectively reserves high-order hard ore body shield top, efficiently solves conventional soft broken top Plate hard ore body back production underground control technology can not solve the problems, such as high-order hard ore body, prevent from making because high-order hard ore body collapses It is mixed at stope ore losses and directly top barren rock, improves the rate of extraction, reduce ore dilution rate.Effect of the present invention is obvious, tool There is wide applicability.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the soft broken hard ore body section structure diagram of top plate described according to embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section in Fig. 1;
In figure: 1, directly pushing up;2, high-order hard ore body protects top layer;3, ground vertical well;4, it one opens;5, it two opens;6, it three opens;7, Fracturing string;8, hydraulic fracture area;9, safe thickness line;10, ore body.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments, is based on Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art's every other embodiment obtained belong to what the present invention protected Range.
By taking the mining company of Guangxi as an example, the ore body of general mine deep 103 away from about 670 ~ 900 m of earth's surface, elevation control is- 181 ~ -385m, ore body scale reach super-huge, ore body type category Cassiterite-sulfide type ore, main beneficiating ingredient have tin, zinc, Copper etc. reaches the industrial requirements in mineral deposit, and orebody trend is bordering on north and south, controls the long 521m of ore body, and horizontal width 158m is extended greater than 261m;Ore body compression strength is 119.3MPa, and ore bed belongs to solid rock, and upper lower burrs are that biohermal limestone compression strength is 62.2MPa。
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in a kind of deep according to embodiments of the present invention is vertical Well fracturing control top plate method, includes the following steps:
Step 1: determining that high-order hard ore body protects top layer 2, according to directly pushing up 1,10 layers of position of hard ore body and interlayer nature of ground, Obtain reasonable high-order hard ore body shield top layer 2;
Step 2: determine that the safe thickness h of high-order hard ore body shield top layer is 10.8m, according to structural mechanics beam theory calculating method Obtain safe thickness h=10.8m of high-order hard ore body shield top layer 2;
Step 3: arranging vertical fractured well 3, to having dug tunnel but having unminded the region of ore body 10, in the vertical pressure break of ground construction Well 3, the overall structure of vertical fractured well are three to drive a well body structure, are specifically included:
S3.1: one opens 4 drillings to stablizing the whole hole of basement rock or less, after one opens 4, tripping in surface layer fracturing string 7, well cementation sealing Table unconsolidated formation, well cementation use conventional density cement, and cement returns up to ground;
S3.2: two open 5 be drilled into see directly top stop boring, after two open 5, tripping in continue fracturing string 7, cement the well sealing stratum, Gu Well uses conventional density cement, and cement returns 69m on up to direct top;
S3.3: three open the safe thickness line that 6 are drilled into the high-order hard ore body shield top layer 2 of ore body 10 or less 30m finishing drilling, and three open end Afterwards, tripping in fracturing string 7, sealing stratum of cementing the well, well cementation use conventional density cement, and cement returns up to high-order hard ore body shield top 9 or more the 90m of safe thickness line of layer;
Step 4: connection frac system and progress fracturing work specifically include:
S4.1: connection frac system, pressure testing 40MPa, pressure stabilizing 30min, pressure drop≤0.5MPa, no seepage and no leakage are qualification;
S4.2: opening frac system, carries out vertical well pressure break, and structure is destroyed and forms a wide range of water under the action of high pressure water Pressure-break area 8, blocks well head after drain.
Further, it apart from the 400m drilling well of tunnelling face and pressing crack construction, shunts in a well after drain, offset well spacing is 485m。
Further, vertical fractured well 3 uses 600 type fracture well heads.
Further, construction well head oil pressure pressure limiting is 70MPa, and fracturing string pressure limiting is 35MPa, and construction pressure limiting is 50.0MPa。
Further, the proportion of fracturing fluid is 99.95% with liquid water and 0.05%ALD-608.
Further, free from admixture should be cleaned with liquid water quality, pH value is 6.5~7.5.
Further, fracturing fluid uses after being swollen 3 hours, and recycles 10 minutes before construction.
Further, total displacement is in 6m3/ min, wherein oil pipe discharge capacity 4m3/ min, fracturing string discharge capacity are about 2m3/min。
Further, can more times fracturing strings 7 of tripping in combine, after first time fracturing string 7 combines tripping in, to the first lamination After the completion of splitting, operation team proposes fracturing string 7 in well, visits sand face and carries out back-up sand operation, tripping in second plows pressure break after the deep qualification in school Tubing string 7 combines, other time combination of fracturing string 7 and so on.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate method of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep, which is characterized in that including such as Lower step:
S1: it determines that high-order hard ore body protects top layer, according to direct top, hard ore body layer position and interlayer nature of ground, obtains rationally The hard ore body of a high position protect top layer;
S2: it determines the safe thickness of high-order hard ore body shield top layer, is obtained according to structural mechanics beam theory calculating method high-order hard The safe thickness of ore body shield top layer;
S3: arranging vertical fractured well, to having dug tunnel but having unminded the region of ore body, in the vertical fractured well of ground construction, vertically The overall structure of fractured well is three to drive a well body structure, is specifically included:
S3.1: one, which spuds in, proceeds to the whole hole of stable basement rock or less, after one opens, tripping in surface layer fracturing string, and sealing earth's surface of cementing the well Unconsolidated formation, well cementation use conventional density cement, and cement returns up to ground;
S3.2: two spud in seeing that directly top stops boring, and after two open, tripping in technology fracturing string, sealing stratum of cementing the well, well cementation makes With conventional density cement, cement returns 50 ~ 80m on up to direct top;
S3.3: three spud in 15 ~ 30m finishing drilling below the safe thickness of high-order hard ore body shield top layer, after three open, tripping in pressure Tubing string is split, sealing stratum of cementing the well, well cementation uses conventional density cement, and the safety that cement returns up to high-order hard ore body shield top layer is thick Spend 50 ~ 100m of line or more;
S4: connection frac system and progress fracturing work specifically include:
S4.1: connection frac system, 35 ~ 45MPa of pressure testing, 15 ~ 30min of pressure stabilizing, pressure drop≤0.5MPa, no seepage and no leakage are qualification;
S4.2: opening frac system, carries out vertical well pressure break, and structure is destroyed and forms a wide range of water under the action of high pressure water Pressure-break area, blocks well head after drain;
S5: fracturing effect monitoring is carried out, is specifically included:
S5.1: the developmental state in microseism detection device detection crack is enabled;
S5.2: evaluation of Fracturing Effect on Compact Sandstone is carried out in conjunction with data such as geological structures according to monitoring result.
2. a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate side of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that apart from tunnelling face at least 350m drilling well and pressing crack construction, shunt in a well after drain, offset well spacing For 400 ~ 500m.
3. a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate side of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that use 600 type fracture well heads.
4. a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate side of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that construction well head oil pressure pressure limiting is 70MPa, and fracturing string pressure limiting is 35MPa, and construction pressure limiting is 50.0MPa.
5. a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate side of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that the proportion of fracturing fluid is 99.95% with liquid water and 0.05%ALD-608.
6. a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate side of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that free from admixture should be cleaned with liquid water quality, pH value is 6.5~7.5.
7. a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate side of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that fracturing fluid is swollen at least 2 hours or more and can use, and recycles 10 minutes before construction.
8. a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate side of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that ensure total displacement in 5 ~ 6m3/ min, wherein 3 ~ 4m of oil pipe discharge capacity3/ min, fracturing string discharge capacity is about 1 ~ 2m3/min。
9. a kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate side of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that can tripping in more times fracturing strings combination, it is complete to first layer pressure break after first time fracturing string combination tripping in Cheng Hou, operation team propose fracturing string in well, visit sand face and carry out back-up sand operation, tripping in second plows fracturing string group after the deep qualification in school It closes, other time fracturing string combination and so on.
CN201910416111.3A 2019-05-19 2019-05-19 A kind of vertical well fracturing control top plate method of the soft broken hard ore body back production of top plate in deep Pending CN110185447A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190830