CN106334500B - 一种同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器 - Google Patents

一种同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器 Download PDF

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CN106334500B
CN106334500B CN201610974776.2A CN201610974776A CN106334500B CN 106334500 B CN106334500 B CN 106334500B CN 201610974776 A CN201610974776 A CN 201610974776A CN 106334500 B CN106334500 B CN 106334500B
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黄青山
羊涛
蒋夫花
杨超
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Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology of CAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,包括主反应器、固体加料口、液体入口、气液集成分布器、气体进口、气体出口、上部降液管、液体出口、辅助分离槽、水力旋流器、换热器、下部降液管,反应后的料液通过上部降液管进入辅助分离槽,水力旋流器置于辅助分离槽中部位置,利用液体的旋流特性和水力旋流器的分离作用,清洁产品从液体出口流出,含固浆液通过下部降液管返回至反应器中继续参与反应,并且保留了外环流反应器优良的换热性能。本发明结构简单、成本低廉,增加了反应器的分离功能,将气‑液‑固三相混合、强放热反应与分离耦合起来,实现了过程强化,特别适用于催化剂为固体颗粒、放热较大的气‑液‑固三相反应。

Description

一种同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,属于过程强化领域,特别是涉及催化剂为固体颗粒、高放热的气-液-固三相反应和分离过程。
背景技术
外环流反应器是近四五十年来在鼓泡塔基础上发展而来的反应器,国外在70年代初期就实现了外环流反应器的工业化。环流反应器具有体积传质系数大、结构简单、无传动部件、造价低、能耗低的优良特性,广泛应用于化工、生化和环境工程等领域,相比内环流反应器,得益于外环流反应器的外部降液管,其换热性能更好,特别适用于如生化反应等热敏性高的反应体系。外环流反应器的混合性能虽很好,但用于需要分离的反应时,都要外接分离设备进行分离,增加操作费用及占地面积。
授权公告日为2008年12月17日、授权公告号为CN100443455C的发明专利公开了一种浆态床环流反应器及其应用,其浆态床环流反应器的外部下降管被过滤介质分成滤液区和浆液区,浆液可回流至外环流反应器主体中继续参与反应,滤液则通过出料口导出。授权公告日为2010年2月3日、公告号为CN100586550C的发明专利公开了一种浆态床反应器的液固连续分离方法和设备,其在浆态床反应器的外侧设置了包括斜板沉降器的分离单元,通过重力沉降作用实现液固分离,浆液回流至反应器,清液导出为产品。
上述两个专利都是通过在浆态床反应器的外侧设置过滤或重力沉降分离装置来实现气-液-固三相反应中的液固分离。过滤和沉降分离都是常用的分离手段,过滤分离通常需要加压,否则常压过滤会消耗巨大的时间成本,而且过滤介质对过滤的效率和效果非常重要,如果无法找到合适的过滤介质,效果则不能保证,过滤易导致过滤介质的堵塞,需要经常更换,过滤介质的频繁更换也影响反应器的正常运行。重力沉降是一种简单而传统的液固分离方法,简单实用,但仅依靠重力作用难以保证小颗粒的分离效率,因此,重力沉降设备一般较大,需要很大的占地面积或空间,适用于较大颗粒的分离。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提出了一种同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,通过在外环流反应器的下降管中增加水力旋流器装置,使之在不影响反应的基础上同时具备液固分离的功能,实现了过程强化。水力旋流器是通过离心力对固体颗粒实现沉降,离心沉降的效率远高于重力沉降,可对微米级别以上颗粒实现高效分离,且无需很大的占地面积,廉价易用。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,包括主反应器、固体加料口、液体入口、气液集成分布器、气体进口、气体出口、上部降液管、液体出口、辅助分离槽、水力旋流器、换热器、下部降液管,反应后的料液通过上部降液管进入辅助分离槽中并和外部换热装置交换热量,水力旋流器置于辅助分离槽中部位置,并充分利用液体的旋流特性,通过水力旋流器的分离作用,清洁产品从液体出口流出,含固浆液通过下部降液管返回至主反应器中继续参与反应,并且保留了外环流反应器优良的换热性能。
进一步地,所述料液经反应后通过上部降液管从对称的两侧进入辅助分离槽中,并在辅助分离槽中同方向旋流。
进一步地,所述下部降液管从对称两侧将含固浆液导入主反应器中。
进一步地,所述水力旋流器可根据料液处理量调整其结构尺寸及个数。
进一步地,所述水力旋流器可设计一个或多个入口。
进一步地,所述辅助分离槽为三层结构,上层为清液汇集区,中层为水力旋流器分离区,下层为浆液汇集区,辅助分离槽的外层实现换热。
进一步地,所述上部降液管、辅助分离槽及下部降液管可根据实际流体动力学需求改变其结构或尺寸。
本发明保留了外环流反应器的基本结构,充分利用了外环流反应器降液管段的空间,增加了其分离的功能,水力旋流器总体上置于主反应器垂直高度的下部,减小了液速过大时气泡进入水力旋流器的可能性。辅助分离槽及水力旋流器都可根据具体的处理量设计不同大小或个数。水力旋流器离心沉降的效率远高于重力沉降,并且相比于过滤,水力旋流器中无运动部件,避免了更换过滤介质的操作。反应后的料液从两侧的上部降液管对称相切地进入辅助分离槽中,使得待分离料液进入水力旋流器之前就旋流起来,以较大的初速度进入水力旋流器中,提高水力旋流器的分离效率。下部降液管设计为两侧对称的结构,防止含固浆液进入主反应器时对气泡流动不对称的干扰,有效地避免气体在主反应器的不均匀分布,保证气-液-固三相反应的效果。此结构还保留了外环流反应器优良的换热特性。因此,本发明将催化剂为固体颗粒的气-液-固三相混合、反应与分离进行耦合,实现了过程的强化。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的立体图。
图2为本发明实施例的正视图。
其中,1为主反应器,2为固体加料口,3为液体进口,4为气液集成分布器,5为气体进口,6为气体出口,7为上部降液管,8为液体出口,9为辅助分离槽,10为水力旋流器,11为换热器,12为下部降液管。
具体实施方式
本发明为一种同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,是外环流反应器与水力旋流器的有机组合结构,由主反应器(1)、固体加料口(2)、液体入口(3)、气液集成分布器(4)、气体进口(5)、气体出口(6)、上部降液管(7)、液体出口(8)、辅助分离槽(9)、水力旋流器(10)、换热器(11)、下部降液管(12)组成。
如图1所示,气体经气液集成分布器(4)进入主反应器(1)中,固体催化剂颗粒经由固体加料口(2)加入,催化剂加入后,固体加料口(2)保持封闭,气体将带动液体做上升运动,同时固体在液体的湍动作用下充分分散。经过反应的物料经两侧的上部降液管(7)水平相切进入辅助分离槽(9)中,并在辅助分离槽(9)中顺时针做旋转流动,辅助分离槽(9)中等间距设置了4个水力旋流器(10),每个水力旋流器(10)设置4个入口,待分离料液以较大的初速度进入水力旋流器(10)中,保证水力旋流器(10)的分离效率。经分离后的清液,即反应产品汇集后,经液体出口(8)流出,通过外部阀门控制其流量。含有固体催化剂颗粒的浆液从水力旋流器(10)的底流口排出,通过下部降液管(12)回流至主反应器(1)中继续参与反应,从而实现固体催化剂的循环利用。下部降液管(12)设置为两侧对称结构,含固浆液从对称的两侧进入主反应器(1)中,避免了单侧进入时料液对气泡流动不对称的干扰,使得气体在主反应器(1)中能始终均匀分布。

Claims (6)

1.一种同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,其特征在于:包括主反应器(1)、固体加料口(2)、液体入口(3)、气液集成分布器(4)、气体进口(5)、气体出口(6)、上部降液管(7)、液体出口(8)、辅助分离槽(9)、水力旋流器(10)、换热器(11)、下部降液管(12),反应后的料液通过上部降液管(7)进入辅助分离槽(9)中,水力旋流器(10)置于分离槽(9)中部位置,利用液体的旋流特性和水力旋流器(10)的分离作用,清洁产品从液体出口(8)流出,含固浆液通过下部降液管(12)返回至主反应器(1)中继续参与反应,并且保留了外环流反应器优良的换热性能;所述下部降液管(12)从对称两侧将含固浆液导入主反应器(1)中;所述辅助分离槽(9)的外层实现换热。
2.按权利要求1所述的同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,其特征在于:所述料液经反应后通过上部降液管(7)从对称的两侧进入辅助分离槽(9)中,并在辅助分离槽(9)中同方向旋流。
3.按权利要求1所述的同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,其特征在于:所述水力旋流器(10)能够根据料液处理量调整其结构尺寸及个数。
4.按权利要求1或3所述的同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,其特征在于:所述水力旋流器(10)设计一个或多个入口。
5.按权利要求1所述的同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,其特征在于:所述辅助分离槽(9)为三层结构,上层为清液汇集区,中层为水力旋流器(10)分离区,下层为浆液汇集区。
6.按权利要求1所述的同时具有反应、换热和分离功能的外环流反应器,其特征在于:所述上部降液管(7)、辅助分离槽(9)及下部降液管(12)能够根据实际流体动力学需求改变其结构或尺寸。
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