CN106332734A - Device for maintaining constant negative pressure irrigation - Google Patents
Device for maintaining constant negative pressure irrigation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106332734A CN106332734A CN201610943225.XA CN201610943225A CN106332734A CN 106332734 A CN106332734 A CN 106332734A CN 201610943225 A CN201610943225 A CN 201610943225A CN 106332734 A CN106332734 A CN 106332734A
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- porous media
- negative pressure
- media board
- insertion container
- fluid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a device for maintaining constant negative pressure irrigation. The device comprises a penetrating container, a porous medium plate, and a U-shaped container, wherein the penetrating container is of an inverted cup-shaped. An air-out connection is disposed on the top of the penetrating container, and communicates with a communicating hole in a lower portion of a water receiver. The bottom of the penetrating container is open. The porous medium plate is generally fixed by sticking to an inner sidewall of a lower portion of the penetrating container, and the position of sticking of the porous medium plate to the inner sidewall is sealed. The penetrating container is placed in the U-shaped container that is filled with a fluid capable of infiltrating the porous medium plate. Using the device for maintaining constant negative pressure irrigation, continuous and steady running of negative pressure irrigation may be ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural irrigation technology, more particularly, to a kind of device maintaining permanent negative pressure to pour water.
Background technology
Crops in growth and development process rising fall moisture be often its own Biomass hundreds times even number
Wan Bei, because soil is often difficult to provide moisture necessary to crop growthing development, therefore, in modern agricultural production process
In, kept the skin wet to soil by irrigating, then meeting crops to the demand of moisture is requisite farming activities.But should
Traditional irrigation mode, irrigating water quality wastes more seriously, in order to effectively reduce the waste of water resource, during the nearly last ten years, proposes
A kind of new irrigation technique, that is, Negative pressure irrigation technology progressively developed and applied, this technology can suppress earth's surface effectively
Invalid irrigation and nutrient loss that the moistening invalid evaporation leading to and underground leakage lead to, can save substantial amounts of manpower and thing
Power, thus be greatly enhanced irrigation efficiency and water productivity.
Negative pressure irrigation system using Negative pressure irrigation Technology design generally comprises: douche system, water receiver system, negative pressure
3 basic building blocks such as generation system.Wherein, can negative pressure occurs system be to realize the precondition of Negative pressure irrigation.At present, substantially
On have three kinds of methods to realize negative pressure, the first be head difference method, will water source (water receiver) be placed on than to soil convey moisture
The low place in douche position, but the method, easily lead to because of gas overflowing irrigate water cut so that formed bears
Pressure seldom can reach below -40kpa, and extremely inconvenient due to using, therefore except in experiment outdoor, this method is very
Few actually used；Second is to climb water column method, using one equipped with certain water yield the water to form certain altitude for the closed tube
Post, and the small tubes having root and outside UNICOM are inserted into certain depth of this water column, and its headspace chamber is connected to water storage
Device, due to climbing, water column method is bulky, actually used also very inconvenient；The third is liquid negative pressure valve method.
Fig. 1 is the existing Negative pressure irrigation system structure diagram based on liquid negative pressure valve method.Referring to Fig. 1, comprising: pour water
11, water receiver 12, negative pressure adjusting device 13, the second negative pressure chamber 14 and communicating pipe 15, wherein,
Negative pressure adjusting device 13 includes: u shape pipe 21 and negative pressure regulation pipe 22, wherein, in the left and right sides of u shape pipe 21 pipe
Wall, offers the first intercommunicating pore 211 and the second intercommunicating pore 212 respectively, and the first intercommunicating pore 211 is located at the second intercommunicating pore 212
Top；One end of negative pressure regulation pipe 22 is passed through the first intercommunicating pore 211 connection and is stretched in the left side pipe of u shape pipe 21, and the other end passes through
Second intercommunicating pore 212 connection is stretched in the right side pipe of u shape pipe 21；
Water receiver 12 is the container of sealing, has deposited irrigation water 121, shape between irrigation water ullage and water receiver top
Become to have the first negative pressure chamber 122 of air, bottom offers third connecting hole 123, and bottom offers the 4th intercommunicating pore 124；
One end of communicating pipe 15 is stretched in water receiver 12 by third connecting hole 123, and the other end is negative by being opened in second
Through hole on pressure chamber 14 side wall stretches in the second negative pressure chamber 14；
Water head 11 is connected with water receiver 12 bottom by the 4th intercommunicating pore 124, and being positioned over growth in soil has farming
The position of thing root system；
The left side Gutron of u shape pipe 21 cross be opened in the second negative pressure chamber 14 top through hole connection stretch into the second negative pressure chamber 14
Interior, the right side pipe of u shape pipe 21 is communicated with air；
Air full of default pressure and volume in first negative pressure chamber 122 is so that the flow of water of water head is higher than to make crops
Grow vigorous corresponding soil water potential, be in soil water potential during field capacity less than soil；
In described second negative pressure chamber 14, pressure and the pressure sum of the liquid height difference generation of filling in u shape pipe are equal to air
Pressure, and the liquid level highest in the left side pipe of u shape pipe does not exceed the first intercommunicating pore 211.
But this Negative pressure irrigation system, needs in negative pressure adjusting device to inject the heavy-fluid of hydrargyrum etc, actually used process is sent out
After running 2～3 months now, hydrargyrum generally occurs oxidation precipitation to lead to system to shut down so that Negative pressure irrigation system is sharp
With inefficient.
Content of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of device maintaining permanent negative pressure to pour water it can be ensured that Negative pressure irrigation is held
Continuous steady running, the permanent Negative pressure irrigation system utilization ratio of lifting.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of device maintaining permanent negative pressure to pour water, and may include that insertion container, porous media board
And u describes device, wherein,
Insertion container is in inverted cup-shape, and top is provided with interface of giving vent to anger, and interface of giving vent to anger is connected with water receiver bottom
Logical, bottom is uncovered；
Porous media board is typically pasted and fixed on the lower inside wall of insertion container, and porous media board is viscous with medial wall
Seal at patch；
U describes and can place insertion container in device, describes in device in u, is injected with the fluid that can invade profit porous media board,
The fluid level of injection is higher than the u in below the under shed face of insertion container, and noted fluid displacement and insertion container under shed face
Describe the difference of the capacity of device, more than or equal to the insertion container body of porous media board lower surface to insertion container under shed face
Long-pending, the capacity in the space between interface of giving vent to anger less than porous media board upper surface to insertion container.
Preferably, there must be between described porous media board and described fluid and invade profit relation, such as porous ceramicss and water,
Hydrophobic oleophilic oil microporous filter membrane and mineral oil etc..
Preferably, described porous media board is generally hydrophobic oleophilic oil acetic acid porous fibre, and described fluid is generally paraffin
Oil.
A kind of device maintaining permanent negative pressure to pour water provided in an embodiment of the present invention, may include that insertion container, porous media
Plate and u describe device, and wherein, insertion container is in inverted cup-shape, and top is provided with interface of giving vent to anger, give vent to anger interface and water storage
Device bottom is connected, and bottom is uncovered；Porous media board is typically pasted and fixed on the lower inside wall of insertion container, porous media
Plate is sealed with the location for paste of medial wall；U describes and can place insertion container in device, describes in device in u, be injected with can invade profit many
The fluid of hole dielectric-slab.It is able to ensure that Negative pressure irrigation continually and steadily operates, the permanent Negative pressure irrigation system utilization ratio of lifting.
Brief description
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
Have technology description in required use accompanying drawing be briefly described it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description be only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, acceptable
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the existing Negative pressure irrigation system structure diagram based on liquid negative pressure valve method；
The apparatus structure schematic diagram that Fig. 2 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of embodiments of the invention maintenance；
The system structure diagram that Fig. 3 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of embodiments of the invention maintenance；
Fig. 4 maintain the device Negative pressure irrigation that permanent negative pressure is poured water to start for the present embodiment before view；
First intermediateness schematic diagram of the device that Fig. 5 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of the present embodiment maintenance；
Second intermediateness schematic diagram of the device that Fig. 6 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of the present embodiment maintenance；
The poised state schematic diagram of the device that Fig. 7 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of the present embodiment maintenance.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
It will be appreciated that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained under the premise of not making creative work all its
Its embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
The apparatus structure schematic diagram that Fig. 2 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of embodiments of the invention maintenance.Referring to Fig. 2, this device includes:
Insertion container 201, porous media board 202 and u describe device 204, wherein,
Insertion container 201 is in inverted cup-shape, and top is provided with interface of giving vent to anger, give vent to anger interface and external water reservoir bottom
Portion is connected, and bottom is uncovered；
Porous media board 202 is pasted and fixed on the lower inside wall of insertion container 201, porous media board 202 and inner side
The location for paste sealing of wall；
U describes in device 203 and places insertion container 201, describes in device 204 in u, is injected with and can invade profit porous media board
202 fluid 203, the liquid level of the fluid 203 of injection is higher than the under shed face of insertion container 201, and noted fluid displacement with pass through
U below logical container 201 under shed face describes the difference of the capacity of device 204, arrives more than or equal to porous media board 202 lower surface
Insertion container 201 volume in insertion container 201 under shed face, gives vent to anger to insertion container 201 less than porous media board 202 upper surface
The capacity in space between interface.
In the present embodiment, u describes that the internal diameter of device 204 is more than the external diameter of insertion container 201 so that insertion container 201 can be certainly
Described in device 204 by being placed on u.
In the present embodiment, porous media board 202 is fixed on the inner wall lower of insertion container 201, both places that is connected
Sealing, is allowed to water-tight, air tight.
In the present embodiment, u describes that the fluid of injection in device 204 can invade profit porous media board 202, i.e. porous media board
202 is that parent is infused in u and describes fluid 203 in device 204 and closes so that existing between porous media board 202 and fluid 203 and invading profit
System.
In the present embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, porous media board 202 is porous ceramicss, and corresponding fluid is water；Make
For another alternative embodiment, porous media board 202 is hydrophobic oleophilic oil acetic acid porous fibre, and corresponding fluid is paraffin oil etc..
The system structure diagram that Fig. 3 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of embodiments of the invention maintenance, referring to Fig. 3, this system includes:
Water head 31, water receiver 32 and permanent negative pressure are poured water equipment 33, and wherein, permanent negative pressure equipment 33 of pouring water is above-mentioned maintenance perseverance negative pressure
The device poured water.
Water receiver 32 is the container of sealing, has deposited irrigation water, and bottom offers for by connecting permanent negative pressure communicating pipe
Pour water the intercommunicating pore of equipment 33, bottom is directed or through connecting tube and communicated with water head 31；
Water head 31 is positioned over growth in soil the position of crop root system；
Permanent negative pressure equipment 33 of pouring water includes: insertion container 201, porous media board 202 and u describe device 204, wherein,
Insertion container 201 is in inverted cup-shape, and top is provided with interface of giving vent to anger, give vent to anger interface and water receiver 32 bottom
It is connected, bottom is uncovered；
Porous media board 202 is pasted and fixed on the lower inside wall of insertion container 201, porous media board 202 and inner side
The location for paste sealing of wall；
U describes in device 204 and places insertion container 201, describes in device 204 in u, is injected with and can invade profit porous media board
202 fluid 203, the liquid level of the fluid 203 of injection is higher than the under shed face of insertion container 201, and noted fluid displacement with pass through
U below logical container 201 under shed face describes the difference of the capacity of device 204, arrives more than or equal to porous media board 202 lower surface
Insertion container 201 volume in insertion container 201 under shed face, gives vent to anger to insertion container 201 less than porous media board 202 upper surface
The capacity in space between interface.
In the present embodiment, u describes that the internal diameter of device 204 is more than the external diameter of insertion container 201 so that insertion container 201 can be certainly
Described in device 204 by being placed on u.
Porous media board 202 is fixed on the bottom of insertion container 201, both junction sealings, is allowed to water-tight, does not leak
Gas.
In the present embodiment, u describes that the fluid 203 of injection in device 204 can invade profit porous media board 202, i.e. porous media
Plate 202 is that parent is infused in u and describes the fluid 203 in device 204.
In the present embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, porous media board 202 is porous ceramicss, and corresponding fluid is water；Make
For another alternative embodiment, porous media board 202 is acetic acid porous fibre, and corresponding fluid is paraffin oil etc..
In the present embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, it is infused in u and describes the following table being located at porous media board 202 in device 204
Fluid displacement on face is less than the upper space capacity fixing porous media board 202 in insertion container 201.
Fig. 4 maintain the device Negative pressure irrigation that permanent negative pressure is poured water to start for the present embodiment before view.Referring to Fig. 4,
Before Negative pressure irrigation starts, describe injection fluid in device in u, after injection fluid, it is downward that fluid level is not less than insertion container
Opening surface, that is, fluid level be at least above the downward opening surface of insertion container, fluid u describe in device liquid level with insertion
Liquid level in container is identical, and the u below noted fluid displacement and insertion container under shed face describes the difference of the capacity of device,
More than or equal to the insertion container volume of porous media board lower surface to insertion container under shed face, less than on porous media board
Surface to insertion container is given vent to anger the capacity in space between interface.Insertion container is connected to the connecting hole of water receiver bottom.This reality
Apply in example, even if the fluid being located on the lower surface of porous media board fully enters porous media board upper surface in insertion container
The space on top, its liquid level, also below the interior upper wall (interface of giving vent to anger) of insertion container, describes in device positioned at many in whole injection u
After fluid on the lower surface of hole dielectric-slab, the top of insertion container and give vent to anger between interface, there is certain gas all the time
Gas pressure intensity in space, and the gas compartment is more than the corresponding soil water potential of crop growth.
First intermediateness schematic diagram of the device that Fig. 5 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of the present embodiment maintenance.Referring to Fig. 5, work as negative pressure
After water-pouring process starts, enter soil, the gas pressure intensity (p of the insertion container internal upper part gas compartment with irrigation advancei) reduce, outward
Portion's atmospheric pressure drives u to describe that the fluid in device constantly enters porous media board upper surface and insertion container by porous media board
The gas compartment surrounding, u describes that the fluid level in device declines, and the fluid level in insertion container rises, and fluid holds in insertion
In device with describe that in u the liquid level of formation in device is poor and be gradually increased.In figure, h is that fluid and describes device in u in insertion container
The liquid level of interior formation is poor.
Second intermediateness schematic diagram of the device that Fig. 6 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of the present embodiment maintenance.Referring to Fig. 6, describe in u
After fluid level in device is concordant with insertion container opening surface directed downwardly, with the continuation irrigated, u describes fluid in device and passes through
Fluid in logical container disconnects, and the fluid in insertion container becomes suspension status, and its lower end liquid is directly communicated with air.
In the present embodiment, the persistent period of the second intermediateness is possible to very short, even instantaneous time.
The poised state schematic diagram of the device that Fig. 7 pours water for the permanent negative pressure of the present embodiment maintenance.Referring to Fig. 7, with irrigate
It is further continued for, the fluid lower end liquid level in insertion container rises to concordant with the lower surface of porous media board or a little higher than porous media
The lower surface of plate, the upper surface less than porous media board, reach dynamic equilibrium.
Now, the pressure upwards suffered by the lower surface of porous media board is atmospheric pressure p0, the downward pressure that is subject to
For:
P=ρ gh+pi+pb
In the present embodiment, when permanent negative pressure irrigation system reaches dynamic equilibrium, it is in insertion container and will describe from u
When device does not but also have the critical equilibrium point of air inlet by porous media board air inlet, the lower surface of porous media board, pressure upwards
It is in poised state with downward pressure, if fluid is started at from the upper surface of porous media board in insertion container during poised state
Height be h, that is, fluid in insertion container with u describe in device formed liquid level difference absolute value, have dynamic as follows
Equation of equilibrium:
p0=p=ρ gh+pi+pb
Therefore, the permanent negative pressure irrigation system of the present embodiment can maintain the stable minimum negative pressure to be:
δpm=pi-p0=-(ρ gh+pb)
In formula,
pi+pb=p0+ρgh
p0For atmospheric pressure；
ρ is fluid density；
G is acceleration of gravity；
H is height on the porous media board in insertion container for the fluid；
piThe gas pressure intensity of the gas compartment being formed with insertion container for porous media board；
pbFor invading the blow point pressure of profit porous media board in a fluid；
δpmStable minimum negative pressure can be maintained for permanent negative pressure irrigation system, if setting minimum negative pressure is farming
Thing grows corresponding soil water potential, then can control the water supply to soil with this minimum negative pressure as equilibrium point.
In the present embodiment, if the gas pressure intensity (p of the upper gas space of porous media board and the formation of insertion containeri) with
Atmospheric pressure (p0) difference (pi-p0) it is less than δ pm, for example, soil passes through douche to soil water supply, and soil water potential is more than minimum
Negative pressure value, then outside air by pass sequentially through u describe device, porous media board, fluid and enter insertion fluid in container top
Inner space is so that its gas pressure intensity rises, until (pi-p0=δ pm) or be slightly larger than soil water potential, thus maintaining one dynamically to put down
Weighing apparatus.
In the present embodiment, the corresponding pressure of blow point that shown when blow point pressure is by porous media board and combination of fluids
By force, wettability matter on porous media board of the pore size of this blow point pressure and porous media board, fluid, the surface of fluid
The coefficient of tension is relevant.
In the present embodiment, using following formula calculating blow point pressure:
In formula, γ is the coefficient of surface tension of fluid；
θ is that fluid invading on porous media board moistens angle；
D is the pore diameter of porous media board.
In the present embodiment, for the fluid having determined and porous media board, blow point pressure is the known of a determination
Value is in conjunction with by determining suitable h (in practical application, if selecting properly to ignore the fluid pressure of h generation), permissible
Minimum negative pressure is made to be a steady state value, when soil water potential is more than this minimum negative pressure, soil water sorption, piReduce, u describes device
In fluid level drop to the lower surface of slightly less than porous media board so that the u fluid level that describes in device and porous media
The lower surface of plate forms space, thus driving extraneous air to describe the following table of the fluid level in device and porous media board by u
The space that face is formed, by the fluid in porous media board and insertion container, enters the top of insertion fluid in container liquid level
Space, makes the gas pressure intensity (p of insertion fluid in container ullage spacei) be increased to and soil sorption coefficients (soil water potential) phase
With soil stops water suction, maintains a dynamic equilibrium.In follow-up, crop evaporation leads to crop to absorb water, and can make p againiReduce, drive
Extraneous air describes the space of the fluid level in device and the lower surface formation of porous media board by u, by porous media board
And the fluid in insertion container, enter the upper space of insertion fluid in container liquid level, so move in circles.
In the present embodiment, by design, newly permanent negative pressure is poured water equipment, is adjusted using porous media board and water or paraffin oil
The pressure supplying water, can make water supply maintain a dynamic equilibrium in the less fluctuation range of minimum negative pressure it is ensured that Negative pressure irrigation
Continual and steady operating, simultaneously it can be avoided that oxidation precipitation occurring and leading to system to shut down, effective lifting negative pressure irrigation system
Utilization ratio.
The above, the only specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any
Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can readily occur in, all answer
It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of device maintaining permanent negative pressure to pour water is it is characterised in that may include that insertion container, porous media board and u shape
Container, wherein,
Insertion container is in inverted cup-shape, and top is provided with interface of giving vent to anger, and interface of giving vent to anger is connected with water receiver bottom, bottom
Portion is uncovered；
Porous media board is typically pasted and fixed on the lower inside wall of insertion container, the location for paste of porous media board and medial wall
Sealing；
U describes and can place insertion container in device, describes in device in u, and injection can invade the fluid of profit porous media board, injection
Fluid level is higher than the under shed face of insertion container, and noted fluid displacement describes device with the u below insertion container under shed face
Capacity difference, more than or equal to porous media board lower surface to the insertion container volume in insertion container under shed face, be less than
Porous media board upper surface to insertion container is given vent to anger the capacity in space between interface.
2. the device maintaining permanent negative pressure to pour water according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described porous media board with described
There must be the profit relation, such as porous ceramicss and water of invading, hydrophobic oleophilic oil microporous filter membrane and mineral oil etc. between fluid.
3. the device maintaining permanent negative pressure to pour water according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described porous media board is generally
Hydrophobic oleophilic oil acetic acid porous fibre, described fluid is generally paraffin oil.
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| CN201610943225.XA CN106332734B (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | Device for maintaining constant negative pressure irrigation |
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| CN201610943225.XA CN106332734B (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | Device for maintaining constant negative pressure irrigation |
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| CN106332734B CN106332734B (en) | 2022-03-04 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109845619A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-06-07 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | A kind of method using the progress water-saving irrigation of U-shaped device and U-shaped device |
| CN112931170A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-11 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Negative pressure irrigation system for forming negative pressure irrigation emitter by utilizing soil |
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| CN109845619B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2023-05-26 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | Method for performing water-saving irrigation by adopting U-shaped device and U-shaped device |
| CN112931170A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-11 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Negative pressure irrigation system for forming negative pressure irrigation emitter by utilizing soil |
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|---|---|
| CN106332734B (en) | 2022-03-04 |
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