CN106331715A - Video compression coding standard H.265-based entropy coding system and method - Google Patents
Video compression coding standard H.265-based entropy coding system and method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
- H04N19/436—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation using parallelised computational arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
- H04N19/91—Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding
Abstract
The invention provides a video compression coding standard H.265-based entropy coding system and method. The system comprises a syntactic element storage device, an entropy coding control device, a binarization device, a coding instruction queue device, a context management and maintenance device, a context-based adaptive arithmetic coding engine device, a stream code package device, a context initialization control device and a context initial value storage device. Through adoption of the system, a technical problem that a single-core real-time coding speed cannot meet actual needs, which is caused by the fact that as in the H.265, a coding unit is changed from 16*16 blocks to 64*64 blocks, throughput bottleneck of a hardware encoder is transferred from the entropy coding to other modules, is solved, so that a purpose of reducing hardware cost as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the throughput of the entropy coding system is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of video coding, relate in particular to the one hard-wired method of H.265 entropy code.
Background technology
In January, 2013, H.265 JCT-VC has issued video compression coding standard of new generation, with previous generation Video coding
H.264, standard is compared, performance boost nearly about 50%, and in the near future, a new generation's video encoding standard H.265 will be various
Coding and decoding video occasion is commonly used, and the encoder used by these various video encoders also will be updated changing
Generation.
One complete video encoder includes infra-frame prediction, inter prediction, loop filtering, model selection and entropy code etc.
Module, owing to the complexity of algorithm is high, software is difficult to accomplish real-time coding, and most encoders are with hard-wired.?
H.265, in the code stream of standard, slice_segment_data and following stratificational grammar element thereof occupy code stream overwhelming majority ratio
Example, to this end, hardware coder with slice (band) as unit, be only responsible for slice_segment_data and with lower floor
The coding of secondary syntactic element, the coding of slice_header and above stratificational grammar element thereof transfers to CPU to complete.
Previous generation video encoding standard relatively, a new generation's video encoding standard has done a lot of optimization work in terms of entropy code
Making, the most topmost change is no longer to support CAVLC (adaptive variable length based on context coding), only supports CABAC (base
Adaptive arithmetic code in context).Wherein, described CABAC coding need first by various syntactic elements according to norm constraint
Carry out binaryzation and generate two classes Bin (string of binary characters): Regular Bin (normal binary character string) and Bypass Bin
(bypass string of binary characters).Regular Bin belongs to the Bin needing context modeling, completes each Regular Bin's
Coding need to provide correct context, Range (length) and Low (lower limit) state, need after finishing update context,
Range and Low state, this is a compact closed loop, just can enter after only completing all operations of current Regular Bin
Enter the coding of next Bin；Bypass Bin belongs to the Bin that need not context modeling, it is not necessary to any contextual information, right
The renewal of Range and Low state is simpler, only needs shifting function, it is not necessary to as Regular Bin once searches
Table handling.
Compared with the CABAC coding H.264 used, H.265 mainly optimizing at following three aspects:
1) total Bin number is decreased；
2) decrease and need to use the Regular Bin number of context modeling；
3) the Bypass Bin that need not context modeling is sorted out concentration coding.
In previous generation video encoding standard hardware implementations H.264, entropy code module is typically an encoder
The bottleneck module of scheme throughput, often cycle completes a Regular Bin coding and can not meet requirement, conventional solves
Method is to complete multiple Regular Bin coding a cycle, and this can bring a lot of problem, such as: critical path is elongated to be caused
Collective frequency Regular Bin limited, multiple completes to encode simultaneously and result in that the renewal of Range and Low state is more complicated, is
The hardware spending of the binarization module that one cycle of coupling completes multiple Regular Bin coding and designs becomes rapidly big.Phase
For a cycle completes a Bypass Bin, a cycle completes multiple Bypass Bin coding and is also required to pay volume
Outer hardware spending, but with Regular Bin compares, then cost is much smaller, and experiment shows that a cycle completes 8 Bypass
Selection that Bin coding is speed and area is well compromised.
In order to improve compression ratio when carrying out large format encoding video pictures, coding unit H.265 becomes from 16X16 block
64X64 block, relative to other modules, entropy code is lower to block size sensitivity, the throughput bottleneck of hardware coder scheme
Transferring in other module, such as model selection, motion search or loop filtering etc., monokaryon real-time coding will face huge
Challenge, to this end, be H.265 specifically incorporated parallel encoding pattern, and customized for this parallel encoding CABAC encode engine,
The hardware plan of multicore architecture would is that mainstream scheme.After the sharing of the optimization encoded through CABAC and multinuclear, encoder
Requirement to entropy code throughput reduces further, and a cycle completes gulping down of 1 Regular Bin or 8 Bypass Bin
The rate of telling has been able to meet the requirement of most application scenarios.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, the present invention provide a kind of based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 and
Coded method, becomes 64 × 64 pieces in order to the coding unit solved H.265 from 16 × 16 pieces, causes the throughput of hardware coder
Bottleneck transfers to other module from entropy code, and the technology causing the speed of monokaryon real-time coding to can not meet actual demand is asked
Topic, reaches, under the precondition ensureing entropy coding system throughput, to reduce the purpose of hardware spending as far as possible.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that offer is a kind of based on video compression coding standard
H.265 entropy coding system, including core outer mold piece and multiple core inner module, described core outer mold piece is used for initializing context；Its
Being characterised by, described core inner module includes: syntactic element storage device, is used for storing syntactic element to be encoded, described grammer unit
Element includes residual error grammer memory element and residual error syntactic element；Entropy code controls device, for from institute's syntax elements storage dress
Put internal reading syntactic element, control to encode flow process, management adjacent block information and send binaryzation to instruct；Binaryzation device, uses
In receiving and according to the binaryzation instruction of described entropy code control device output, described syntactic element to be encoded being carried out binaryzation,
To form coded command output；Context management and attending device, carry out context initialization by described core outer mold piece, and use
In the most persistently reading and updating context, it is received and translated into described coded command formation arithmetic coding and refers to
Order；Based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, for receiving and sending out with attending device according to described context management
The arithmetic coding instruction sent carries out arithmetic coding, to export corresponding arithmetic coding code stream；Stream code packing apparatus, outside being used for receiving
The head letter code stream of portion's controller configuration and described arithmetic coding based on the output of context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus
Code stream, described head letter code stream and described arithmetic coding code stream are spliced to form a final code stream by stream code packing apparatus and export.
The present invention is based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 be further improvement is that, described grammer
Element storage device has residual error grammer memory element and non-residual error grammer memory element；Described residual error syntactic element passes through
H.265 entropy code encodes with 4 × 4 pieces for unit, and 4 × 4 raw residual data that order has nonzero coefficient are suitable according to coding
Sequence is stored in described residual error grammer memory element；The data volume of described residual error syntactic element is 384 × 256 bits；Described non-
Residual error syntactic element is stored in described non-residual error grammer memory element according to the coded sequence of H.265 standard；Described non-residual error language
Method element data volume under intra prediction mode is 113 × 64 bits, and the data volume under interframe method survey pattern is 177
× 64 bits.
The present invention is based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 be further improvement is that, described two-value
There is between gasifying device with described context management and attending device a coded command array device be connected, described coded command team
Array apparatus is for receiving and cache the coded command of described binaryzation device output and exporting to described context management and maintenance
Device, and/or for mating described binaryzation device and described coding based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus
Speed.
The present invention is based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 be further improvement is that, described stream code
The bit stream buffer space of packing apparatus is 16 × 32～24 × 32 bits.
The present invention is based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 be further improvement is that, described up and down
Literary composition management comprises a two-port RAM with 155 × 7 bits with attending device, is used for storing context；Described context
Management and attending device, before starting band coding, store device from the context initial value of described core outer mold piece and obtain initial
Value；Described context management and attending device are when wavefront coded pattern, before the coding starting a line code tree unit, first from
The context initial value storage device of described core outer mold piece obtains initial value, and the coding of two code tree unit before execution
During, the context after updating exports in described context initial value storage device；Described context management with
Attending device is when performing normal binary string encoding, for reading the content of current context address, being output to
Described based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, and update the content of described context address；Described context pipe
Reason and attending device, when performing normal binary string encoding and bypass binary-coded character string encoding, are used for reading currently
The hereafter content of address, exports the content of described current context address and described draws based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding
Hold up device, and update the content of described context address when performing normal binary string encoding further.
The present invention is based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 be further improvement is that, described based on
Context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus has an arithmetic coding internal status register, described based on context-adaptive
Arithmetic coding engine apparatus updates described arithmetic coding internal status register according to the instruction of described arithmetic coding, corresponding with output
Arithmetic coding code stream；Described return completing band coding when based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus
Return an end-of-encode instruction to described context management and attending device.
The present invention is based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 be further improvement is that, described up and down
Literary composition initializes and controls device, comprises CABAC coding engine and initializes the whole of required three kinds of different CABAC initialization type
Parameter, for combining the band quantization parameter (slice_qp) of described peripheral control unit configuration, generates the upper of CABAC coding engine
Hereafter initialization data；Described context initialization controls the ROM comprising one 465 × 8 bits in device, is used for storing described
Hereafter initiation parameter；Described context initial value storage device, the CABAC coding of all coding cores in storing encoder
The context that engine is required when initializing；It is 155 and number that described context initial value storage device comprises a degree of depth
According to single port RAM that bit wide is 7 bits.
The present invention is based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 be further improvement is that, described two-value
The coded command information of gasifying device output includes the pattern letter of all strings of binary characters of corresponding described syntactic element to be encoded
Breath, the context address information of binary value information, normal binary character string and/or bypass binary-coded character string length letter
Breath；Those information form the output of described coded command information after packing.
Additionally, present invention provides a kind of based on video compression coding standard entropy coding method H.265, its method walks
Suddenly include:
1) residual error syntactic element and non-residual error syntactic element are stored separately；The internal memory using 384 × 256 bits is deposited
Residual error data, uses the internal memory of 177 × 64 bits to deposit non-residual error data；
2) according to H.265 standard, the binaryzation instruction of various syntactic element is initiated in order；
3) according to the instruction of described binaryzation, corresponding syntactic element is performed corresponding binarization operation；
4) caching step 2) and step 3) coded command that formed, the coded command of coupling prime module and post-module；
5) in each coding core, safeguard a set of context, the most persistently read in described context
Hold, and store and/or update described context；
6) encode according to described context, to form the output of arithmetic coding code stream；
7) header code stream and described arithmetic coding code stream are spliced to form the output of final code stream.
Further, present invention method step based on video compression coding standard entropy coding method H.265 further includes:
Before starting band coding, first complete the initialization operation of the memory element of described core outer mold piece；
Before each core inner module of startup carries out the coding of each row respectively, first complete the memory element of described core inner module
Initialization operation, restart each core inner module perform current line coding work.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the configuration diagram of entropy coding system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the multinuclear coding scheme schematic diagram of entropy coding system of the present invention.
Reference is as follows with the corresponding relation of parts:
Syntactic element storage device 1；Entropy code controls device 2；Binaryzation device 3；Coded command array device 4；Up and down
Literary composition management and attending device 5；Based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6；Stream code packing apparatus 7；Context is initial
Change and control device 8；Context initial value storage device 9；Peripheral control unit 10；Core inner module A；Core outer mold piece B.
Detailed description of the invention
For the benefit of the understanding to the present invention, illustrates below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
In the present invention, " H.265 standard " is the abbreviation H.265 of video compression coding standard.
The for the benefit of understanding to the present invention, below in conjunction with syntactic element list and the enforcement of accompanying drawing 1～Fig. 2, table 1～table 23
Example illustrates.Described table 1 to table 23 converges whole after detailed description of the invention.
As it is shown in figure 1, the present invention is based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system (hereinafter referred to as entropy code H.265
System), it is made up of encoder core inner module A and encoder core outer mold piece B two parts, described core inner module A is by dotted line frame
Several devices constitute, control device 2, binaryzation device 3, coded command team including: syntactic element storage device 1, entropy code
Array apparatus 4, context management and attending device 5, based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6；Described core outer mold piece B
Then it is made up of two devices in solid box, including: context initialization controls device 8 and context initial value storage device 9,
And described entropy coding system has a peripheral control unit 10 and is connected with described core inner module A and described core outer mold piece B.Such as Fig. 2, show
Showing multinuclear coding structure block diagram of the present invention, only show entropy code core inner module in this, the most each coding core also includes mould
Other devices such as formula prediction means, infra-frame prediction device, inter prediction device and loop filter；Compile realizing entropy of the present invention
During code system, each core needs a set of described core inner module A, and whole encoder has only to a set of core outer mold piece B.
Before starting slice (band) coding, peripheral control unit 10 context first sent instructions to outside core is initial
Change and control device 8, complete the initialization operation of memory element in the context initial value storage device 9 outside core.Starting each
Before core carries out the coding of each row respectively, peripheral control unit 10 first send instructions to the context management in core and attending device
5, complete the initialization operation of context management and the memory element in attending device 5, restart each core afterwards and perform current
The coding work of row.
Institute's syntax elements storage device 1 is responsible for storing syntactic element to be encoded, including residual error syntactic element and non-residual error
Syntactic element, two kinds of different syntactic elements divide two pieces of bit wides and the most different memorizer of the degree of depth to deposit；For residual error grammer unit
Element, H.265 entropy code encodes with 4 × 4 pieces for unit, owing to residual error syntactic element to be encoded (need to directly carry out binaryzation
And participate in the syntactic element of CABAC coding) generation is more complicated and difference between different masses is very big, syntactic element is deposited
Storage device has 4 × 4 raw residual data of nonzero coefficient only according to coded sequence storage；For non-residual error syntactic element, ginseng
According to H.265 201304 editions 7.3.8 joints of official standard, non-residual error syntactic element is pressed by syntactic element storage device according to coded sequence
Sequence is deposited.
Code tree unit (Coding Tree Unit, CTU) is H.265/ high efficiency video coding (High
Efficiency Video Coding, HEVC) processing unit.This processes unit class like H.264/ high-order video coding
Macro zone block (Macroblock) in (Advanced Video Coding, AVC).In the present invention, big when code tree unit
Little when being set to 64 × 64 and do not support a predicting unit with reference to two reference frames, use the language shown in table 1～table 23
Method element arranges scheme, residual error syntactic element and non-residual error syntactic element is separately deposited, respectively in syntactic element storage device
As follows with different storage strategies:
1) for residual error syntactic element, owing to the generation of the syntactic element to be encoded of residual error is complex, this part works
Completing inside entropy code, syntactic element storage device only stores the raw residual number containing nonzero coefficient 4 × 4 conversion sub-block
According to.Residual error data bit wide is 16 bits, to this end, the data of the residual error syntactic element of the code tree unit that size is 64 × 64
(residual error syntactic element data volume 384 × 256 compares amount up to 64 × 64 × 1.5 × 16/256 × 256=384 × 256 bit
Special)；In actual coding scene, often major part residual error data is equal to 0, only small part residual error data non-zero；In the present invention
In, the lossless compress means that this area can be used common carry out the compression of residual error data；
2) for non-residual error syntactic element, under intra prediction mode, at most needing to use 1 table 1 content, 1 table 2
In appearance, 1 table 3 content, 64 table 4 contents, 64 table 7 contents (every 4 tables 7 can be merged into 64 bits), 6 tables 16
Hold (4 brightness and two colourities) and 96 table 21 contents (every 4 tables 21 can be merged into 64 bits) need 233 altogether
, 113 × 64 bits (non-residual error syntactic element data volume 113 × 64 bit)；Under inter-frame forecast mode, at most need to make
By 1 table 1 content, 1 table 2 content, 1 table 3 content, 64 table 5 contents, 64 table 6 contents, 64 table 7 contents (every 4
Table 7 can be merged into 64 bits), 6 table 16 contents (4 brightness and two colourities) and 96 table 21 content (every 4 tables
21 can be merged into 64 bits) need 297 altogether, 177 × 64 bits；For the code tree list that this size is 64 × 64
The data volume of the non-residual error syntactic element of unit is up to 177 × 64 bits, and (non-residual error syntactic element data volume 177 × 64 compares
Special).
The syntactic element arrangement of table 1 of the present invention～table 17 is to complete on the basis of combining all syntactic element coded sequences
, this scheme has taken into account other correlation modules write language required for taking into full account compression sign syntactic element while data volume
Method element and entropy code module read during syntactic element the simplest.In most H.265 encoding scheme, encoder uses
Code tree cell level flowing water, now, storage syntactic element device at least should can cache all languages of a code tree unit
Method element can ensure that streamline performs smoothly.Data volume in actual coding scene, shared by a code tree unit
Generally much less than 384 × 256+177 × 64 bit, to this end, it is believed that generally, use the internal memory of 384 × 256 bits
Deposit residual error data, use the internal memory of 177 × 64 bits can buffer multiple code tree unit to deposit non-residual error data
Syntactic element bag.
When applying the entropy coding system of the present invention, it is also possible to reduce residual error data and non-residual error data by some means
Maximum amount of data compress storage syntactic element device memory cost, such as:
1) size arranging code tree unit is 32 × 32 to the maximum, and the maximum amount of data of residual error data becomes 32 × 32 ×
1.5 × 16/256 × 256=96 × 256 bit, rather than the maximum amount of data of residual error data becomes 48 × 64 bits, then internal memory is opened
Pin approximates the 1/4 of afore-mentioned code tree cell level flowing water；Or
2) in the flowing water of encoder, if entropy code the most individually takies one-level flowing water and exports syntactic elements to language with other
The module of method element storage device shares one-level flowing water, then can be used when a caching by storage syntactic element device, tie simultaneously
Close encoder code capacity, some strategies of the characteristic of support and model selection determine residual error data and non-residual error data
Big data quantity.
Described entropy code control device 2 is used for reading syntactic element in syntactic element storage device, control encodes flow process,
Management adjacent block information, and the description according to H.265 201304 editions 7.3.8 joints of official standard, initiate various grammer in order
The binaryzation instruction of element.
In entropy coding system of the present invention, portion syntax elements directly can be controlled device 2 by described entropy code to be completed, example
As: 1) use Fixed-length (FL) binarization (fixed length binaryzation) carry out binaryzation cu_skip_flag,
Pred_mode_flag, pcm_flag etc.；And 2) some must individually complete binaryzation, such as part_mode, intra_
Chroma_pred_mode and inter_pred_idc etc..The syntactic element of other the binarization operation needing execution complexity
Then individual processing in binaryzation device 3.
Additionally, in response to actual application scenarios demand and facility, be similar to the processing method of residual error syntactic element to be encoded, portion
Non-residual error syntactic element to be encoded is divided the most directly to obtain from institute's syntax elements storage device 1, but in entropy code control
Device 2 internal calculation obtains, such as prev_intra_luma_pred_flag, mpm_idx, rem_intra_luma_pred_
Mode and intra_chroma_pred_mode, described four kinds of syntactic elements to be encoded are by from institute's syntax elements storage device
In 1, intra_pred_mode_y and intra_pred_mode_c of storage calculates and obtains；It is because entropy code and controls device 2
When calculating residual error scan pattern, need to use the intra prediction mode of brightness, if syntactic element storage device 1 directly stores
Described four kinds of syntactic elements to be encoded, entropy code controls device 2 to be needed to restore all intra prediction modes；Therefore in view of calculating
Process still not very complexity, controls the impact of device 2 throughput little to entropy code, directly obtains from syntactic element storage device 1
Intra prediction mode is also beneficial to the maintenance of the predictive mode of adjacent encoder unit, and can simplify responsible write described four further
Plant the computational complexity of syntactic element module to be encoded, make described four kinds of syntactic elements to be encoded be controlled device 2 by entropy code and count
Calculate and obtain.
Wherein, in the non-residual error syntactic element storage strategy in front syntax elements storage device 1, in order at utmost
4 tables 7 or 4 tables 21 are merged into 64 bits by ground compression hardware expense, can cause when carrying out syntactic element and reading
Need first to determine whether each 16 × 16 data block exists table 7 or table 21, therefore, add tt_flag in Table 1 and characterize
The no transform_tree () that exists of each in code tree unit 16 × 16 pieces, adds rf_y_flag and characterizes code tree
Whether each brightness 16 × 16 pieces in unit exists residual coding, adds rf_cb_flag and characterizes in code tree unit
Whether each Cb colourity 16 × 16 pieces exists residual coding, adds rf_cr_flag and characterizes each in code tree unit
Whether Cr colourity 16 × 16 pieces exists residual coding.
Described binaryzation device 3 controls, for receiving entropy code, the binaryzation instruction that device 2 transmission comes, according to H.265 official
All syntactic elements to be encoded are carried out binaryzation, determine the pattern of all Bin of correspondence by 201304 editions 9.3.3 joints of side's standard
(Regular or Bypass), Bin value, the context address of Regular Bin or the length of Bypass Bin, by aforementioned information
It is packaged into instruction and is sent to described coded command array device 4.Concrete, described binaryzation device 3 receives described entropy code control
After the binaryzation instruction of device 2 processed, corresponding syntactic element is performed corresponding binarization operation, mainly includes
Truncated Rice (TR) binarization (blocking this binaryzation of Lay), k-th order Exp-Golomb (EGk)
The most general various binarization operation such as binarization (K rank index Columbus binaryzation) and some other more complicated
The binarization operation of the syntactic element needing individual processing.
Described coded command array device 4, for caching the coded command that described binaryzation device 3 sends, mates described two
Value device 3 and described coding rate based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6.Concrete, the volume of the present invention
Code instruction array device 4 is mainly used in caching entropy code control device 2 and binarization device 3 sends the coded command of coming, and uses
To avoid the internal packed code stream of code stream packing apparatus 7 to fail to send smoothly, code stream caching is caused to fill up and can not connect
Receive the described arithmetic coding code stream come based on the transmission of context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6, and then cause previous stage
Coding-control device also must stop encoding；That is, by binaryzation device 3 and context management and attending device 5
Between coded command array device 4 is set, it is possible to code stream output be obstructed time, it is provided that the space of buffer-stored, make previous stage
The normal operation insusceptibly of coding-control device.
It should be noted that when described context management draws with attending device 5 with based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding
Hold up device 6 to process the speed of instruction and can reach a cycle when completing Regular Bin coding, avoid code stream defeated considering
When going out situation about being obstructed, it is compared in entropy coding system to arrange coded command array device 4 in order to cache coded command, Yi Ji
Described stream code packing apparatus 7 increases two, bit stream buffer space scheme, when the cost of the latter is less, described coded command team
Array apparatus 4 can be deleted from entropy coding system of the present invention, and changes by the bit stream buffer space offer caching of described increase
Function, to guarantee to remain to normal operation when the output of previous stage coding-control device code stream is obstructed.Wherein, due to described bit stream buffer
Easily cause coding blocking when space is the least, then easily cause area loss, therefore, the storage in described bit stream buffer space too greatly
The most visual actually used demand of range of capacity is adjusted；Hereby for an embodiment explanation in the present invention, such as, 2～3 total
Line Burst data space, i.e. code stream use Burst Size to be 8, and bus is the write operation output of 32 bits, then arrange buffering
Space is 2 × 8 × 32～3 × 8 × 32=16 × 32Bit～24 × 32Bit.
Additionally, work as described context management and attending device 5 and described based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine dress
Put 6 process instruction speed can reach a cycle complete multiple Regular Bin coding time, needed for binaryzation device 3
Syntactic element to be processed is of a great variety, and binaryzation type is different, and the coded command speed of generation is the most uneven
, and need described coded command array device 4 (upper and lower to the coding rate and post-module mating described binaryzation device 3
Literary composition management with attending device 5, based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6) coding rate, in the case of this, institute
The importance stating coded command array device 4 will be the most obvious.
Described context management and attending device 5 are for safeguarding a set of context in each core, at coding
During constantly read and update context, the arithmetic coding sent by described coded command array device 4 instructs and turns over
Based on the accessible instruction of context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6 to carry out arithmetic coding described in being translated into, and then output
Corresponding arithmetic coding code stream.Specifically, described context management and attending device 5 comprise a size is 155 × 7 bits
Two-port RAM (random access memory cell in sheet) is used for storing context.Wherein, described context management fills with safeguarding
Put 5 under most coding modes, it is only necessary to slice coding (band coding) is front starting, and stores from described context initial value
Device 9 obtains initial value；But under wavefront coded pattern (Wavefront parallel processing, WPP), described on
Hereafter management and attending device 5 are before the coding starting a line code tree unit, it is necessary to first from the context of described core outer mold piece B
Initial value storage device 9 obtains initial value, and in the cataloged procedure of two code tree unit before execution, after needing to update
Context export described context initial value storage device 9 in.
Additionally, in normal coding flowing water, if currently performing Regular Bin coding, the most described context management with
Attending device 5 read current context address content, be output to described based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine
Device 6 also updates the content of this context address；If currently performing Bypass Bin coding, the most described context management and maintenance
This instruction is directly exported described based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6 by device 5, it is not necessary to do any up and down
The renewal of literary composition content.
Described it is used for receiving described context management and attending device based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6
The arithmetic coding instruction that 5 send, described have the internal shape of an arithmetic coding based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6
State depositor 61, described described according to the instruction renewal of described arithmetic coding based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6
Arithmetic coding internal status register 61, to export corresponding arithmetic coding code stream.Specifically, described based on context-adaptive
Arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6 includes the coding to Regular Bin, BypassBin and Terminate Bin, described internal shape
State depositor 61 is followed the instruction of described arithmetic coding and is updated, finally output arithmetic coding code stream, compiles completing a band
An end-of-encode instruction is returned to described context management and attending device 5 when of code.
Described stream code packing apparatus 7 for receive the configuration of described peripheral control unit 10 header code stream and described based on
The hereafter arithmetic coding code stream of adaptive arithmetic code engine apparatus 6 output, is spliced into complete final code stream output.
Described context initialization controls device 8 and comprises the CABAC coding engine required three kinds of different CABAC of initialization
Whole parameters of initialization type, in conjunction with the slice_qp (band quantization parameter) of described peripheral control unit 10 configuration, generate
The context initialization data of CABAC coding engine；It is 465 that described context initialization comprises a size in controlling device 8
The ROM (read only memory in sheet) of × 8 bits, for storing initial parameter.Specifically, it is encoded at the new slice of startup
Before first to start described context initialization and control device 8, make described context initialization control device 8 single from ROM code tree
Unit reads initiation parameter, in conjunction with the slice_qp (band quantization parameter) of described peripheral control unit 10 configuration, calculates
Hereafter initialization data output store device 9 to described context initial value.
Described context initial value storage device 9 is the CABAC coding engine of all coding cores in storing encoder
Context required during initialization；Described context initial value storage device 9 comprise single port RAM (in sheet with
Machine accesses memory element), the degree of depth is 155, and data bit width is 7 bits.Specifically, device 8 is controlled in described context initialization
Output initiation parameter or any one core (are now under WPP pattern when exporting context, perform the first two coding
Updating context operation during tree unit) data are stored in the memory element of described context initial value storage device 9.
Therefore by the aforementioned present invention based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 and coded method thereof,
Using 55nm technique to realize, composite clock frequency can reach 250MHz, and area is about 8.6 ten thousand.At the code that code check is different
Under rate, the performance of the entropy code that the embodiment of the present invention obtains is as follows:
The table 1 of the whole present invention that below converges employing～table 23 syntactic element form.
Table 1 slice_segment_data () and the syntactic element list of coding_quadtree () layer
Table 2 sao () layer brightness relevant syntax elements list
EO and the BO pattern of note 1:SAO is mutual exclusion, can be with multiplexing for this 27:26
Table 3 sao () layer colourity relevant syntax elements list
EO and the BO pattern of note 1:SAO is mutual exclusion, can be with multiplexing for this 27:26
Coding_unit () layer syntactic element list under table 4 intra prediction mode
Coding_unit (), prediction_unit () and mvd_coding () layer L0 phase under table 5 inter-frame forecast mode
Close syntactic element list
Note 1: only when [13] are equal to 1, [16:14] just characterizes merge_idx
Coding_unit (), prediction_unit () and mvd_coding () layer L1 phase under table 6 inter-frame forecast mode
Close syntactic element list
Note 1: only when [13] are equal to 1, [16:14] just characterizes merge_idx
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer syntactic element when table 7 coding unit size is 8 × 8
List
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 5:0 | cu_qp_delta_abs | QpDelta absolute value |
| 6 | cu_qp_delta_sign_flag | QpDelta symbol |
| 11:8 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 4 × 4 transform blocks |
| 12 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 13 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 14 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 15 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer unit when table 8 coding unit size is 16 × 16
Element list
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer unit when table 9 coding unit size is 32 × 32
Element list one
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 4:0 | cu_qp_delta_abs | QpDelta absolute value |
| 5 | cu_qp_delta_sign_flag | QpDelta symbol |
| 12 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 13 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 14 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 15 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 19:16 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 23:20 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 27:24 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 31:28 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer unit when table 10 coding unit size is 32 × 32
Element list two
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 15:0 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 31:16 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 47:32 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 63:48 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer unit when table 11 coding unit size is 32 × 32
Element list three
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 63:0 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 4 × 4 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer unit when table 12 coding unit size is 64 × 64
Element list one
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 4:0 | cu_qp_delta_abs | QpDelta absolute value |
| 5 | cu_qp_delta_sign_flag | QpDelta symbol |
| 12 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 64 × 64 transform blocks |
| 13 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 64 × 64 transform blocks |
| 14 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 64 × 64 transform blocks |
| 15 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 64 × 64 transform blocks |
| 19:16 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 23:20 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 27:24 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 31:28 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer unit when table 13 coding unit size is 64 × 64
Element list two
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 15:0 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 31:16 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 47:32 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 63:48 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer unit when table 14 coding unit size is 64 × 64
Element list three
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 15:0 | split_transform_flag | The cbf_luma of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 31:16 | cbf_luma | The cbf_cb of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 47:32 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cr of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 63:48 | cbf_cr | The cbf_luma of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer unit when table 15 coding unit size is 64 × 64
Element list four
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 63:0 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 4 × 4 transform blocks |
Residual_coding () the layer syntactic element of 16 32 × 32 pieces of table
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 63:0 | transform_skip_flag | Whether 4 × 4 conversion sub-blocks perform DCT/DST change flag |
Residual_coding () layer syntactic element list one when the size of table 17 Current Transform block is 32 × 32
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 3:0 | last_sig_coeff_x_prefix | Last nonzero coefficient X-coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 6:4 | last_sig_coeff_x_suffix | Last nonzero coefficient X-coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 11:8 | last_sig_coeff_y_prefix | Last nonzero coefficient Y coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 14:12 | last_sig_coeff_y_suffix | Last nonzero coefficient Y coordinate suffix value of current block |
Residual_coding () layer syntactic element list two when the size of table 18 Current Transform block is 32 × 32
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 63:0 | sub_block_flag | Whether 4 × 4 conversion sub-blocks are full 0 mark |
Residual_coding () layer syntactic element list when the size of table 19 Current Transform block is 16 × 16
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 2:0 | last_sig_coeff_x_prefix | Last nonzero coefficient X-coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 4:3 | last_sig_coeff_x_suffix | Last nonzero coefficient X-coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 10:8 | last_sig_coeff_y_prefix | Last nonzero coefficient Y coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 12:11 | last_sig_coeff_y_suffix | Last nonzero coefficient Y coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 47:32 | sub_block_flag | Whether 4 × 4 conversion sub-blocks are full 0 mark |
The size of table 20 Current Transform block is less than residual_coding () layer syntactic element list during 16X16
Residual_coding_8x8_se_x content in table 20 when the size of table 21 Current Transform block is 8X8
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 2:0 | last_sig_coeff_x_prefix | Last nonzero coefficient X-coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 3 | last_sig_coeff_x_suffix | Last nonzero coefficient X-coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 6:4 | last_sig_coeff_y_prefix | Last nonzero coefficient Y coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 7 | last_sig_coeff_y_suffix | Last nonzero coefficient Y coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 11:8 | sub_block_flag | Whether 4 × 4 conversion sub-blocks are full 0 mark |
Residual_coding_8x8_se_x content in table 20 when the size of table 22 Current Transform block is less than 8 × 8
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 3:0 | residual_coding_4x4_se_0 | The residual error syntactic element of 4 × 4 sub-blocks 0 |
| 7:4 | residual_coding_4x4_se_1 | The residual error syntactic element of 4 × 4 sub-blocks 1 |
| 11:8 | residual_coding_4x4_se_2 | The residual error syntactic element of 4 × 4 sub-blocks 2 |
| 15:12 | residual_coding_4x4_se_3 | The residual error syntactic element of 4 × 4 sub-blocks 3 |
Residual_coding_4x4_se_x content in table 22 when the size of table 23 Current Transform block is 4 × 4
Above in association with accompanying drawing, form and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, those skilled in the art
According to the above description the present invention can be made many variations example.Thus, some details in embodiment should not be constituted the present invention
Restriction, the present invention by the scope that defines using appended claims as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. based on a video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265, including core outer mold piece and multiple core inner module, institute
State core outer mold piece for initializing context；It is characterized in that, described core inner module includes:
Syntactic element storage device, is used for storing syntactic element to be encoded, and institute's syntax elements includes residual error grammer memory element
And residual error syntactic element；
Entropy code controls device, for reading syntactic element from institute's syntax elements storage device inside, control coding flow process, pipe
Reason adjacent block information and transmission binaryzation instruction；
Binaryzation device, for receiving and controlling the binaryzation instruction of device output to described language to be encoded according to described entropy code
Method element carries out binaryzation, to form coded command output；
Context management and attending device, carry out context initialization by described core outer mold piece, and in an encoding process
Persistently read and update context, being received and translated into described coded command and form arithmetic coding instruction；
Based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, for receiving and sending out with attending device according to described context management
The arithmetic coding instruction sent carries out arithmetic coding, to export corresponding arithmetic coding code stream；
Stream code packing apparatus, for receiving the head letter code stream and described based on context-adaptive arithmetic of peripheral control unit configuration
The arithmetic coding code stream of coding engine apparatus output, described head letter code stream and described arithmetic coding code stream are by stream code packing apparatus
It is spliced to form a final code stream output.
It is the most according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265, it is characterised in that:
Institute's syntax elements storage device has residual error grammer memory element and non-residual error grammer memory element；
Described residual error syntactic element is encoded for unit with 4 × 4 pieces by H.265 entropy code, order have nonzero coefficient 4 ×
4 raw residual data are stored in described residual error grammer memory element according to coded sequence；The data volume of described residual error syntactic element
It is 384 × 256 bits；
Described non-residual error syntactic element is stored in described non-residual error grammer memory element according to the coded sequence of H.265 standard；Institute
Stating non-residual error syntactic element data volume under intra prediction mode is 113 × 64 bits, the number under interframe method survey pattern
It is 177 × 64 bits according to amount.
It is the most according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265, it is characterised in that:
Described binaryzation device is connected with having a coded command array device between described context management and attending device, institute
State coded command array device the most described up and down for the coded command output receiving and caching the output of described binaryzation device
Literary composition management and attending device, and/or be used for mating described binaryzation device and draw based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding with described
Hold up the coding rate of device.
It is the most according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265, it is characterised in that:
The bit stream buffer space of described stream code packing apparatus is 16 × 32～24 × 32 bits.
It is the most according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265, it is characterised in that:
Described context management and attending device comprise a two-port RAM with 155 × 7 bits, are used for storing in context
Hold；
Described context management and attending device, before starting band coding, store from the context initial value of described core outer mold piece
Device obtains initial value；
Described context management and attending device are when wavefront coded pattern, before the coding starting a line code tree unit, first
Store device from the context initial value of described core outer mold piece and obtain initial value, and the volume of two code tree unit before execution
During Ma, the context after updating exports in described context initial value storage device；
Described context management and attending device, when performing normal binary string encoding, are used for reading current context ground
The content of location, it is output to described based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, and updates described context address
Content；
Described context management is performing normal binary string encoding and bypass binary-coded character string encoding with attending device
Time, for reading the content of current context address, the content of described current context address is exported described based on up and down
Literary composition adaptive arithmetic code engine apparatus, and perform normal binary string encoding time update further described in contextually
The content of location.
It is the most according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265, it is characterised in that:
Described have an arithmetic coding internal status register based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, described based on
Context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus updates described arithmetic coding internal state according to the instruction of described arithmetic coding and deposits
Device, to export corresponding arithmetic coding code stream；Described complete a bar based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus
An end-of-encode instruction is returned to described context management and attending device when of band coding.
It is the most according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265, it is characterised in that:
Described core outer mold piece includes that context initialization controls device and context initial value storage device；
Described context initialization controls device, comprises the CABAC coding engine required three kinds of different CABAC of initialization initial
Change whole parameters of type, for combining the band quantization parameter (slice_qp) of described peripheral control unit configuration, generate CABAC
The context initialization data of coding engine；Described context initialization comprises the ROM of one 465 × 8 bits in controlling device, use
In storing described context initialization parameter；
Described context initial value storage device, in storing encoder, the CABAC coding engine of all coding cores is initially
Context required during change；It is 155 and data bit width is 7 ratios that described context initial value storage device comprises a degree of depth
Special single port RAM.
It is the most according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265, it is characterised in that:
The coded command information of described binaryzation device output includes all binary words of corresponding described syntactic element to be encoded
The pattern information of symbol string, binary value information, the context address information of normal binary character string and/or bypass binary word
Symbol string length information；Those information form the output of described coded command information after packing.
9. one kind based on video compression coding standard entropy coding method H.265, it is characterised in that described method step includes:
1) residual error syntactic element and non-residual error syntactic element are stored separately；The internal memory using 384 × 256 bits deposits residual error
Data, use the internal memory of 177 × 64 bits to deposit non-residual error data；
2) according to H.265 standard, the binaryzation instruction of various syntactic element is initiated in order；
3) according to the instruction of described binaryzation, corresponding syntactic element is performed corresponding binarization operation；
4) caching step 2) and step 3) coded command that formed, the coded command of coupling prime module and post-module；
5) in each coding core, safeguard a set of context, the most persistently read described context,
And store and/or update described context；
6) encode according to described context, to form the output of arithmetic coding code stream；
7) header code stream and described arithmetic coding code stream are spliced to form the output of final code stream.
The most according to claim 9 based on video compression coding standard entropy coding method H.265, it is characterised in that to hold
The system of the described entropy coding method of row includes core outer mold piece and multiple core inner module, wherein:
Before starting band coding, first complete the initialization operation of the memory element of described core outer mold piece；
Before each core inner module of startup carries out the coding of each row respectively, first complete at the beginning of the memory element of described core inner module
Beginningization operates, and restarts each core inner module and performs the coding work of current line.
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