CN106328995A - Electrolyte additive for lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Electrolyte additive for lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN106328995A CN106328995A CN201510395094.1A CN201510395094A CN106328995A CN 106328995 A CN106328995 A CN 106328995A CN 201510395094 A CN201510395094 A CN 201510395094A CN 106328995 A CN106328995 A CN 106328995A
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- lithium
- ion battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ionic liquid additive for a lithium ion battery. The ionic liquid additive has an alkali group and an unsaturated double-bond group at the same time, and has multifunctional effects of film-forming promotion, dehydrating, acid restraining, stabilizing and the like. 0.01-5% of the additive is added to the electrolyte for the lithium ion battery; formation of a negative electrode SEI film is promoted while the water content in the electrolyte can be controlled; and consequently, the cycle performance and the safety of the lithium ion battery are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of there is film forming, except water, the ion liquid addictive of acid suppression multi-function action for lithium ion battery
And the electrolyte containing this additive, belong to field of lithium ion battery.
Background technology
The appearance of new forms of energy alleviates the day by day exhausted problem of world's fossil energy.Lithium ion battery due to high-energy-density, high voltage,
Long-life, become one of fast-developing new forms of energy without self discharge, advantages of environment protection.Lithium ion battery is at portable electronic
Becoming first-selected power supply in product, the comprehensive advantage by himself is applied to new forms of energy power vehicle field, shows promise as big rule
One of important means of mould energy storage.
Electrolyte, as the important component part of lithium ion battery, is known as " blood " for lithium ion battery, carries transmission ion
Effect, and capacity, running voltage, temperature range, cycle life and the security performance etc. of battery are had important impact.
In recent years, along with the raising to battery performance requirements, the performance to electrolyte it is also proposed higher requirement simultaneously, especially to electricity
Solve liquid cycle performance at different temperatures and security performance is had higher requirement.Electrolyte is mainly by solvent, lithium salts with add
Add agent composition.Current business-like electrolyte solvent uses carbonic ester and ether compound mostly, and this type organic is inflammable, Yi Hui
Sending out, voltage range is narrower, in use there is the biggest safety problem.The research and development of novel dissolvent mainly include that fluoro is organic
Compound, ionic liquid etc., they have good stability, nonflammable feature.Current business-like lithium salts mainly has hexafluoro
The lithium salts such as lithium phosphate, LiBF4, bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium.Conventional lithium hexafluoro phosphate stablizes relatively poor, chance
Water easily decomposes etc. and to cause the biggest impact to cycle performance and the security performance of battery.LiBF4 electrical conductivity is relatively low to be unfavorable for
The circulation of battery.Bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium has corrosiveness to aluminum collector, so being harmful to the cycle performance of battery,
And its high price also improves the cost of battery, it is unfavorable for the development of battery.Therefore low one-tenth is mainly concentrated in the exploitation of new lithium salts
Originally, in the raising of high stable performance.Additive is as the indispensable part of lithium-ion battery electrolytes, in the charge and discharge of battery
The effect of key is served in the raising of the problems such as capacitance, high temperature performance, cycle performance, security performance.Current interpolation
Agent is broadly divided into the additives such as film for additive, conductive additive, flame-retardant additive, anti-overcharge additive, stabilizer, these
Additive the most only has single function, can only be reached the effect of several functions by multiple additives.Such as, at lithium ion
Battery organic electrolyte adds a small amount of film for additive, can not increase or the most not increase battery cost, not change production
In the case of technique, Carbon anode preferentially reduces, be decomposed to form the SEI film of function admirable, thus improve the performance of Carbon anode,
Improve the macro property of battery.Add appropriate stabilizer and then can control the moisture in battery and free acid content, be further ensured that
The stable operation of battery.That organic additive has is good with lithium-ion battery electrolytes intersolubility, effect of optimization is good and easy to use
Advantage, has caused enough attention and has been developed rapidly.The effect preferably vinylene carbonate wherein reported at present
Ester (VC), stabilizer has hexamethyldisiloxane etc..
Ionic liquid is the room temperature fused salt of a kind of green, have that electrical conductivity is higher, the most volatile, nonflammable, green non-pollution,
The characteristics such as structure can design, have broad application prospects in lithium-ion battery electrolytes.Ionic liquid is except can be as lithium
Outside the solvent that ion battery electrolyte is green, it is also possible to use as the additive of electrolyte according to its structure designability.Mesh
Till before, ionic liquid is single as the big multi-functional comparison of additive of lithium ion battery, relatively simple for structure.Such as ionic liquid
Body is only used as safety and stability additive and joins in electrolyte, or ionic liquid joins in electrolyte as film for additive,
And ionic liquid join as multi-functional additive electrolyte is reported fewer.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides one and there is film forming, except water, acid suppression multi-functional lithium-ion battery electrolytes ion liquid addictive.
The design by ionic liquid structure of this additive, has basic group and unsaturated double-bond group simultaneously, can play film forming, remove
Water, the effect of deacidification, and due to the fixedness of ionic liquid itself and noninflammability, to the safety of lithium-ion battery electrolytes
Performance also plays positive improvement result.
Ion liquid addictive of the present invention can effectively control the moisture in electrolyte, and has significantly one-tenth at graphite cathode
Film effect, thus play the effect improving cycle performance of lithium ion battery, promoting lithium ion battery safety performance, described electrolyte
It is made up of solvent, lithium salts, additive.Wherein additive mainly include a series of have promote film forming and except water basylous action
Ion liquid addictive, its ionic liquid has been characterised by following structure:
A-M+-B X-
Ionic liquid structural formula
M is the one in imidazoles, piperidines, quaternary ammonium, season phosphine, pyrazoles, and A is the unsaturated group being connected with M, and B is and M
The basic group being connected, X is Tetrafluoroboric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, hexafluoroarsenate, chlorine aluminic acid, double oxalic acid boric acid, double (fluoroform
Alkane sulphonyl) imines, one in double (fluorine sulphonyl) imines.
A in described ionic liquid, it is characterised in that A be styrene, propenyl benzene, benzene butylene, vinyl, acrylic,
One in cyclobutenyl unsaturated group.
B in described ionic liquid, it is characterised in that B is amino, dimethylamino, acetamido, propionamido-, butyryl
One in amido.
Described additive, it is characterised in that be applied to lithium-ion battery electrolytes, electrolyte is by solvent, lithium salts, above-mentioned interpolation
Agent forms.
Described lithium-ion battery electrolytes, it is characterised in that described solvent be cyclic carbonate, linear carbonates, carboxylate,
Ether solvent, fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, fluorine-containing linear carbonate, the two or more of fluorine-containing ether apoplexy due to endogenous wind.Described lithium salts is selected from halogen
Change lithium, lithium perchlorate, Tetrafluoroboric acid lithium salts, hexafluorophosphoric acid lithium salts, hexafluoroarsenate lithium, chlorine lithium aluminate, di-oxalate lithium borate salt,
One or more in double (fluorine sulphonyl) imines lithium salts, double (fluoroform sulphonyl) imines lithium salts.
In described electrolyte for lithium ion battery component, the mass percent of described lithium salts is 5%~30%;Described organic solvent
Mass percent be 60~95%;The mass percent of described additive is 0.01%~5%.
It is characteristic of the invention that the multi-functional functional group due to ionic liquid, it is possible to form stable SEI film on battery cathode surface,
Stoping the common embedding of solvent molecule, effectively suppression electrode and the reaction of electrolyte, can efficiently control moisture in electrolyte simultaneously
Content, reduces acidity, improves battery efficiency and cycle life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is comparative example 1 and prepared the containing with the electrolyte without ion liquid addictive at graphite cathode half-cell of embodiment 2
In discharge curve.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is illustrated by following instance, but the present invention is not limited merely to following instance, all meet before and after described ancestor
The implementing method of purport is all in the technical scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In high-purity argon gas atmosphere glove box, by ethylene carbonate (EC), Ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)
By weight mixing for EC:EMC:DMC=1:1:1, use lithium hexafluoro phosphate as lithium salts, be configured to lithium salt
For the electrolyte of 1mol/L, it is eventually adding the 1-vinyl-3-aminooimidazole bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide ionic liquid of 1% and adds
Add agent.
Embodiment 2
In high-purity argon gas atmosphere glove box, by ethylene carbonate (EC), Ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)
By weight mixing for EC:EMC:DMC=1:1:1, use lithium hexafluoro phosphate as lithium salts, be configured to lithium salt
For the electrolyte of 1mol/L, it is eventually adding the 1-vinyl-3-acetamido imidazoles bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide salt ion liquid of 1%
Body additives.
Embodiment 3
In high-purity argon gas atmosphere glove box, by ethylene carbonate (EC), Ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)
By weight mixing for EC:EMC:DMC=1:1:1, use lithium hexafluoro phosphate as lithium salts, be configured to lithium salt
For the electrolyte of 1mol/L, it is eventually adding the N-ethyleneamino piperidines bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide salt of 1% as ionic liquid
Additive.
Comparative example 1
In high-purity argon gas atmosphere glove box, by ethylene carbonate (EC), Ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)
By weight mixing for EC:EMC:DMC=1:1:1, use lithium hexafluoro phosphate as lithium salts, be configured to lithium salt
Electrolyte for 1mol/L.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes quantitative measurement see table
Electrical conductivity mS/cm | |
Comparative example 1 | 11.28 |
Embodiment 1 | 11.36 |
Embodiment 2 | 11.35 |
Embodiment 3 | 11.30 |
From the result of electrical conductivity it can be seen that the electrolyte adding ion liquid addictive can improve its electrical conductivity.
The impact of HF be see table standing time by electrolyte difference
1day | 7day | |
Comparative example 1 | 35ppm | 55ppm |
Embodiment 1 | 26ppm | 28ppm |
Embodiment 2 | 29ppm | 30ppm |
Embodiment 3 | 25ppm | 29ppm |
Carrying out in the glove box of full argon gas atmosphere, two electrodes are respectively graphite electrode and metal lithium electrode, and electrolyte uses
Comparative example 1, embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, use U.S.'s Celgard film to be assembled into 2032 type button cells.
The electrolyte of comparative example and embodiment electrochemical property test in lithium ion battery is carried out in Land test system.
In accompanying drawing embodiment 2, electrolyte has the slow discharge platform of individual battery at about 1.3V after adding ionic liquid, and this correspond to
The reduction decomposition of ionic liquid.
The various embodiments described above electrolyte moisture see table
Compared by above-described embodiment, it is known that the addition of the ion liquid addictive selected by the present invention, film forming, steady can be played
Determine and improve the multiple-effect function of electrical conductivity, hence it is evident that improve battery performance.
Claims (7)
1. a lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, it is characterised in that this additive is double for having basic group and unsaturation simultaneously
The ionic liquid of key group, structural formula is as follows:
A-M+-B X-
M is the one in imidazoles, piperidines, quaternary ammonium, season phosphine, pyrazoles, and A is the unsaturated group being connected with M, and B is and M
The basic group being connected, X is Tetrafluoroboric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, hexafluoroarsenate, chlorine aluminic acid, double oxalic acid boric acid, double (fluoroform
Alkane sulphonyl) one in imines and double (fluorine sulphonyl) imines.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that A be styrene, propenyl benzene,
One in benzene butylene, vinyl, acrylic and cyclobutenyl unsaturated group.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that B be amino, dimethylamino,
One in acetamido, propionamido-and amide-based small.
4. lithium-ion battery electrolytes, it is characterised in that electrolyte is made up of additive described in solvent, lithium salts, claim 1.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that solvent is selected from cyclic carbonate, Linear Carbon
Two or more the mixing of acid esters, carboxylate, ether solvent, fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, fluorine-containing linear carbonate and fluorine-containing ether apoplexy due to endogenous wind
Compound, mass percent is 60~95%.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that lithium salts selected from lithium halide, lithium perchlorate,
Tetrafluoroboric acid lithium salts, hexafluorophosphoric acid lithium salts, hexafluoroarsenate lithium, chlorine lithium aluminate, di-oxalate lithium borate salt, double (fluorine sulphonyl) Asia
One or more mixture in amine lithium salts, double (fluoroform sulphonyl) imines lithium salts, mass percent is 5%~30%.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the mass percent of additive be 0.01%~
5%。
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107910586A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-13 | 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of electrolyte and the lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte |
CN109243860A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆中科超容科技有限公司 | A kind of high voltage withstanding electrolyte and its application in high tension super capacitor |
CN110165298A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-08-23 | 宁波大学 | A kind of electrolyte |
CN111807935A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-23 | 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 | Ionic liquid, ionic liquid electrolyte and application of ionic liquid electrolyte in battery |
CN114221023A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-22 | 苏州大学 | Ionic liquid for adsorbing water in lithium battery electrolyte and eliminating hydrofluoric acid, lithium battery electrolyte and lithium battery |
CN114725505A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-08 | 厦门大学 | Preparation of PEO-based polymer solid electrolyte based on inorganic-organic hybrid molecular functional additive |
WO2023098381A1 (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-08 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Secondary battery and electrical device comprising same |
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CN103168026A (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2013-06-19 | 3M创新有限公司 | Polymerizable ionic liquid comprising multifunctional cation and antistatic coatings |
CN103242235A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-08-14 | 西北工业大学 | Chloridized 1-vinyl-3-amino-formyl methyl-imidazole bifunctional ionic liquid and synthetic method thereof |
CN103996874A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-20 | 珠海市赛纬电子材料有限公司 | Nonaqueous electrolyte of high-temperature safety lithium ion battery |
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Patent Citations (4)
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CN103168026A (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2013-06-19 | 3M创新有限公司 | Polymerizable ionic liquid comprising multifunctional cation and antistatic coatings |
CN102867989A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-09 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Non-aqueous electrolyte ionic liquid additive for improving high-temperature performance of battery |
CN103242235A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-08-14 | 西北工业大学 | Chloridized 1-vinyl-3-amino-formyl methyl-imidazole bifunctional ionic liquid and synthetic method thereof |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107910586A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-13 | 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of electrolyte and the lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte |
CN110165298A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-08-23 | 宁波大学 | A kind of electrolyte |
CN109243860A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆中科超容科技有限公司 | A kind of high voltage withstanding electrolyte and its application in high tension super capacitor |
CN109243860B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2021-01-26 | 重庆中科超容科技有限公司 | High-voltage-resistant electrolyte and application thereof in high-voltage super capacitor |
CN111807935A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-23 | 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 | Ionic liquid, ionic liquid electrolyte and application of ionic liquid electrolyte in battery |
WO2023098381A1 (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-08 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Secondary battery and electrical device comprising same |
CN114221023A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-22 | 苏州大学 | Ionic liquid for adsorbing water in lithium battery electrolyte and eliminating hydrofluoric acid, lithium battery electrolyte and lithium battery |
CN114221023B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-10-20 | 苏州大学 | Ionic liquid for adsorbing water in lithium battery electrolyte and eliminating hydrofluoric acid, lithium battery electrolyte and lithium battery |
CN114725505A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-08 | 厦门大学 | Preparation of PEO-based polymer solid electrolyte based on inorganic-organic hybrid molecular functional additive |
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