CN106328056A - 有机发光显示器及其驱动方法 - Google Patents

有机发光显示器及其驱动方法 Download PDF

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CN106328056A
CN106328056A CN201610462822.0A CN201610462822A CN106328056A CN 106328056 A CN106328056 A CN 106328056A CN 201610462822 A CN201610462822 A CN 201610462822A CN 106328056 A CN106328056 A CN 106328056A
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frame
frequency
luminous signal
driver
source electrode
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CN106328056B (zh
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赵奕力
宋漳勳
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LG Display Co Ltd
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    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
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Abstract

公开了一种能够降低功耗以及减小闪烁的有机发光显示器及其驱动方法。在有机发光显示器的低功率操作模式中，在写入图像数据的写入帧之间放置至少一个保持帧，在写入帧期间启动源极驱动器的输出，在保持帧期间停止源极驱动器的输出，并且通过在保持帧期间控制发光驱动器，将发光信号的触发频率增加至高于或等于帧频的N倍(N为大于或等于2的正整数)。这能够显著减小感知到的闪烁。

Description

有机发光显示器及其驱动方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机发光显示器及其驱动方法。
背景技术
有源矩阵有机发光显示器包括自发光的有机发光二极管OLED，并且具有响应时间快、发光效率高、亮度高和视角宽的优点。
作为自发光装置的OLED包括阳极和阴极、以及形成在阳极与阴极之间的有机化合物层。有机化合物层包括空穴注入层HIL、空穴传输层HTL、发光层EML、电子传输层ETL和电子注入层EIL。当给阳极和阴极施加操作电压时，穿过空穴传输层HTL的空穴和穿过电子传输层ETL的电子移动至发光层EML，从而形成激子。由此，发光层EML产生可见光。
在有机发光二极管显示器中，每一个像素包括有机发光二极管，这些像素像素被布置于矩阵中，并且基于视频数据的灰度级调整像素的亮度。每个单独的像素都包括驱动TFT(薄膜晶体管)，驱动TFT基于施加在其栅极电极与源极电极之间的电压Vgs来控制流过OLED的驱动电流，并且通过与驱动电流成比例的、由OLED发射的光的量来调整显示器的灰度级(辉度)。
每个像素经由数据线连接至源极驱动器并且经由扫描线连接至扫描驱动器。每个像素可经由发光线进一步连接至发光驱动器。
对于这种有机发光显示器的应用来说，为了减少在TFT工艺的激光退火工艺中产生的显示缺陷(被称为“mura”)，开发了使用发光驱动器来调整OLED的发光占空比(duty ratio)的技术。然而，这导致功耗增加的问题。
发明内容
因此，本发明涉及一种能够降低功耗以及减小闪烁的有机发光显示器及其驱动方法。
本发明的一个示例性实施方式提供了一种有机发光显示器，包括：多条数据线、多条扫描线和多条发光线；源极驱动器，所述源极驱动器驱动所述数据线；扫描驱动器，所述扫描驱动器将扫描信号供给至所述扫描线；发光驱动器，所述发光驱动器将发光信号供给至所述发光线；和时序控制器。在低功率操作模式中，所述时序控制器在写入图像数据的写入帧之间分配至少一个保持帧，在所述写入帧期间启动所述源极驱动器的输出并在所述保持帧期间停止所述源极驱动器的输出，并且所述时序控制器在所述保持帧期间通过控制所述发光驱动器，将所述发光信号的触发频率(toggle frequency)增加至高于或等于帧频的N倍，N为大于或等于2的正整数。
本发明的另一个示例性实施方式提供一种有机发光显示器的驱动方法，所述有机发光显示器包括：多条数据线、多条扫描线和多条发光线；源极驱动器，所述源极驱动器驱动所述数据线；扫描驱动器，所述扫描驱动器将扫描信号供给至所述扫描线；和发光驱动器，所述发光驱动器将发光信号供给至所述发光线，所述方法包括：检测到低功率操作模式；在写入图像数据的写入帧之间放置至少一个保持帧，并且在所述写入帧期间启动所述源极驱动器的输出并在所述保持帧期间停止所述源极驱动器的输出；以及在所述保持帧期间通过控制所述发光驱动器，将所述发光信号的触发频率增加至高于或等于帧频的N倍，其中N为大于或等于2的正整数。
附图说明
附图被包括在内以提供对本发明的进一步的理解，并且附图被并入而构成本说明书的一部分，附图示出本发明的实施方式，并与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。在附图中：
图1是显示根据本发明示例性实施方式的有机发光显示器的示图；
图2A和2B是显示图1的显示面板中的像素的等效电路的示图；
图3A是显示物理施加的辉度激励信号(luminance stimulus signal)的波形的示图；
图3B是显示人眼感知到的亮度信号的波形的示图；
图4是显示图1的发光驱动器的一个级的示图；
图5是显示在正常操作模式中源极驱动器的操作状态以及栅极驱动信号的示图；
图6是显示在低功率操作模式中源极驱动器的操作状态以及栅极驱动信号的示图；
图7是显示操作为OFF的电路块和操作为ON的电路块的示图；
图8是显示在低功率操作模式中，调整发光信号的触发频率和ON占空比的各个实例的示图；
图9是显示在低功率操作模式中，发光信号的触发频率被控制成与ON占空比成反比的示图；
图10是显示在低功率操作模式中扫描信号的驱动波形的示图；
图11显示了根据本发明示例性实施方式的有机发光显示器的驱动方法。
具体实施方式
下文中，将参照附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施方式。在整个说明书中，相同的标记指代相同的元件。在描述本发明时，当认为已知功能或构造的详细描述可能会不必要地使本发明的主题变模糊时，将省略该详细描述。
下文中，将参照图1到11描述本发明的示例性实施方式。
图1到10是用于解释根据本发明的有机发光显示器的示图。
参照图1，根据本发明的示例性实施方式的有机发光显示器包括显示面板10、时序控制器11、源极驱动器12和栅极驱动器13。
多条数据线15和多条栅极线16可在显示面板10上彼此交叉，并且像素矩阵状地布置在交叉部分处。每条栅极线16包括扫描线和发光线。每个单独的像素都包括OLED和单元驱动器。如图2A和2B中所示，单元驱动器PDC包括驱动TFT DT和发光TFT ET，驱动TFT DT控制流过OLED的驱动电流的量，发光TFT ET通过控制到OLED中的驱动电流的流入来控制OLED的光发射的占空周期(duty cycle)。由驱动TFT DT的栅极-源极电压确定施加至OLED的驱动电流。OLED发射的光量与从驱动TFT DT供给的驱动电流成比例。发光TFT ET连接在高电压电源EVDD与低电压电源EVSS之间并且响应于来自发光线的发光信号进行切换，以开启或关闭驱动电流的流动。发光TFTET可如图2A中所示连接在高电压电源EVDD与驱动TFT DT的漏极电极之间，或者可如图2B中所示连接在驱动TFT DT的源极电极与OLED的阳极之间。
单元驱动器PDC可进一步包括开关TFT(未示出)和至少一个存储电容器(未示出)，开关TFT用于编程(program)驱动TFT DT的栅极-源极电压，至少一个存储电容器用于将编程的电压保持一定的时间段。当开关TFT响应于扫描信号而开启时，来自数据线15的数据电压被存储在存储电容器的一个电极中。
这种像素被提供有来自电源块的高电平电压EVDD和低电平电压EVSS。组成每个像素的TFT可实现为p型、n型或混合型。此外，像素中的TFT的半导体层可包括非晶硅、多晶硅或氧化物，在它们之中最优选的是表现出最佳截止电流特性的氧化物。氧化物TFT的使用提供使在低功率操作模式的保持帧期间由截止电流导致的图像变化最小化的优点，将在之后描述低功率操作模式。
源极驱动器12在时序控制器11的控制下将输入图像的数字视频数据RGB转换为数据电压，并将该数据电压提供给数据线15。源极驱动器12可与时序控制器11一起由一个芯片组成。
栅极驱动器13包括驱动扫描线的扫描驱动器13A和驱动发光线的发光驱动器13B。扫描驱动器13A产生扫描信号并将扫描信号供给至扫描线，发光驱动器13B产生发光信号并将发光信号供给至发光线。栅极驱动器13可内置在显示面板10的非显示区域中，或者可以以IC的形式置于外部并结合至显示面板10。
基于扫描信号，发光驱动器13B可产生具有与扫描信号不同的相位的发光信号。为此，参照图4，发光驱动器13B包括节点控制部NC、上拉开关PU和下拉开关PD。节点控制部NC基于从外部输入的发光时钟ECLK、发光复位信号ERST和扫描信号SCAN依次开启上拉开关PU和下拉开关PD。上拉开关PU包括连接至节点控制部NC的Q节点的栅极电极、连接至栅极高电压源VGH的漏极电极、以及连接至输出节点的源极电极。下拉开关PD包括连接至节点控制部NC的QB节点的栅极电极、连接至输出节点的漏极电极、以及连接至栅极低电压源VGL的源极电极。上拉开关PU和下拉开关PD可实现为p型、n型或混合型。
时序控制器11通过接口电路(未示出)从主机系统14接收输入图像的数字视频数据RGB，并使用迷你LVDS接口等将此输入图像的数字视频数据RGB供给至源极驱动器12。
时序控制器11接收诸如垂直同步信号Vsync、水平同步信号Hsync、数据使能信号DE和点时钟CLK之类的时序信号，并且产生用于控制源极驱动器12和栅极驱动器13的操作时序的控制信号。所述控制信号包括用于控制栅极驱动器13的操作时序的栅极时序控制信号GDC和用于控制源极驱动器12的操作时序的源极时序控制信号DDC。
时序控制器11基于从主机系统14传输的用户输入信息产生模式信号MOD，并且基于模式信号MOD以正常操作模式或低功率操作模式运行源极驱动器12和栅极驱动器13。
在正常操作模式中，时序控制器11通过控制源极驱动器12和栅极驱动器13的操作而在每一帧刷新显示的图像。例如，在正常操作模式中，每个帧都充当写入帧WF，如图5中所示。时序控制器11通过控制扫描驱动器13A而将施加至同一像素的扫描信号SCAN的触发频率保持为与帧频相等，并且通过控制发光驱动器13B而将施加至同一像素的发光信号EM的触发频率保持为与帧频相等。在该情形中，OLED在发光信号EM保持为ON电平的时段中发光，并且在发光信号EM保持为OFF电平的时段中不发光。
在低功率操作模式中，为了降低功耗，时序控制器11通过控制源极驱动器12和栅极驱动器13的操作，以超过1帧的间隔刷新显示的图像。为此，时序控制器11可在写入图像数据的写入帧WF之间分配至少一个保持帧HF。例如，在低功率操作模式中，可在写入帧WF之间放置两个保持帧HF，如图6中所示。时序控制器11通过控制扫描驱动器13A将施加至同一像素的扫描信号SCAN的触发频率降低至低于帧频(例如，如果帧频为K Hz(K为正整数)并且在写入帧WF之间放置两个保持帧HF，则扫描信号SCAN的触发频率为K/3Hz)。
在低功率操作模式中，时序控制器11在写入帧WF期间启动源极驱动器12的输出，在保持帧HF期间停止源极驱动器12的输出。为了进一步降低低功率操作模式中的功耗，时序控制器11可停止源极驱动器12的操作，而是运行电源块和栅极驱动器13，如图7中所示。就是说，施加至源极驱动器12的驱动功率在保持帧HF期间被中断，因此消除了流过源极驱动器12的输出缓冲器的静电流，由此显著降低了源极驱动器12的功耗。
为了进一步降低低功率操作模式中的功耗，时序控制器11可在保持帧HF期间停止接口块、存储器块和伽马块的操作，如图7中所示。在此，接口块从系统14接收输入图像的数字视频数据RGB。存储器块存储驱动显示面板10所需的信息，伽马块产生伽马基准电压并将其供给至源极驱动器12。
为了减小低功率操作模式中的闪烁，时序控制器11在保持帧HF期间通过控制发光驱动器13B，将施加至同一像素的发光信号EM的触发频率增加至高于或等于帧频的N倍(N为大于或等于2的正整数)。
下面将描述在保持帧HF期间当发光信号EM的触发频率增加时闪烁减小的原理。
一般来说，用于测量时间频率特性的对比图案(contrast pattern)如等式1所示：
[等式1]
A(t)＝A0(1+m cos2πft)
其中A0是平均辉度，m是调制度，f是频率。测试方法包括：当时间频率f保持恒定且调制度m变化时获得辨别阈值(discrimination threshold)的第一方法；以及当调制度m固定且时间频率f变化时获得辨别阈值的第二方法。通过前者方法，测量视觉系统(visual system)的传递函数，即时间频率特性，通过后者方法，测量临界停闪频率(critical fusion frequency)特性。
闪烁是人眼感知到的测试屏幕辉度的时间变化，其取决于辉度变化频率和平均辉度。临界停闪频率或临界闪烁频率(CFF)被定义为辉度表现出稳定的水平且在辉度变化频率增加之后未感知到闪烁的频率。图3A和3B中图解了闪烁和CFF。图3A和等式2显示了物理施加的辉度激励信号的波形，图3B和等式3显示了亮度信号的波形。
[等式2]
A(t)＝T0(1+m cos2πft)
m = &Delta;T 0 T 0 , ( 0 < m < 1 )
[等式3]
B(t)＝B0(1+m′cos2πft)
在临界停闪频率CFF以上的频率处由人眼感知到的亮度对应于随交流电流变化的辐射辉度信号的平均值。就是说，在临界停闪频率CFF处或高于临界停闪频率CFF的激励对于人眼来说看起来相同。
为了进一步减小低功率操作模式中的闪烁，时序控制器11还可在写入帧WF期间通过控制发光驱动器13B，将施加至同一像素的发光信号EM的触发频率增加至高于或等于帧频的N倍(N为大于或等于2的正整数)。
另一方面，鉴于低功率操作模式中的功耗，时序控制器11可在写入帧WF期间通过控制发光驱动器13B，将施加至同一像素的发光信号EM的触发频率保持为等于帧频。虽然增加发光信号EM的触发频率可以是降低闪烁的有效途径，但这可能增加功耗。时序控制器11可通过仅在保持帧HF期间而不在写入帧WF期间增加发光信号EM的触发频率来降低功耗。
同时，OLED可在发光信号EM保持为ON电平的时段中发光，并且在发光信号EM保持为OFF电平的时段中不发光。OLED的发光时段由发光信号EM的ON占空比确定，如图8中所示。尤其是，时序控制器11可根据发光信号EM的ON占空比改变发光信号EM的触发频率，以便更有效地去除闪烁。
例如，在图8的情形“A”中，因为发光信号EM的触发频率等于帧频(KHz)，所以可看到闪烁。在图8的情形“B”和“C”中，因为发光信号EM的触发频率(2K Hz)是帧频(K Hz)的两倍之多，所以与情形“A”相比，可看到较少的闪烁。虽然对于情形“B”和“C”来说，发光信号EM的触发频率(2K Hz)相同，但情形“B”中的发光信号EM的ON占空比大于情形“C”中的ON占空比(DT1>DT2)，由此能够更加有效地去除闪烁。在情形“D”中，发光信号EM的触发频率(4K Hz)是帧频(K Hz)的四倍之多，由此与情形“A”相比，可看到更少的闪烁。
具体地说，为了有效地去除低功率模式中的闪烁，时序控制器11可将发光信号EM的触发频率控制为与发光信号EM的ON占空比成反比，如图9中所示。在图9中，X表示在发光信号EM的ON占空比为DX和发光信号EM的触发频率为A时，与基准值的闪烁差，Y表示在发光信号EM的ON占空比为DX和发光信号EM的触发频率为C时，与基准值的闪烁差。此外，在图9中，X’表示在发光信号EM的ON占空比为DY和发光信号EM的触发频率为A时，与基准值的闪烁差，Y’表示在发光信号EM的ON占空比为DY和发光信号EM的触发频率为C时，与基准值的闪烁差。
参照图9，如果发光信号EM的ON占空比具有第一值DX，则根据触发频率，这在闪烁减小的量中产生大的差异。因而，发光信号EM的触发频率可设为最高值C。与之相比，如果发光信号EM的ON占空比具有比第一值DX大的第二值DY，则根据触发频率，这在闪烁减小的量中产生相对小的差异。因而，发光信号EM的触发频率可设为低于C的B或A。
在低功率操作模式中，时序控制器11通过控制扫描驱动器13A，使得施加至同一像素的扫描信号SCAN的触发频率降低至低于帧频，可增加像素的操作稳定性。在低功率操作模式中，扫描驱动器13A可在每个写入帧期间产生ON电平LON的扫描信号SCAN并且在保持帧期间将扫描信号SCAN保持为OFF电平LOFF，如图10中所示。因为每个像素的开关TFT在保持帧期间通过OFF电平的扫描信号SCAN保持为OFF，所以驱动TFT能够基于栅极-源极电压执行静电流操作。
图11显示了根据本发明示例性实施方式的有机发光显示器的驱动方法。
参照图11，在本发明中，检测到低功率操作模式，在写入图像数据的写入帧之间放置至少一个保持帧，以便实现低功率操作模式(S1和S2)。
在本发明中，为了降低功耗，在写入帧期间启动源极驱动器的输出，并且在保持帧期间停止源极驱动器的输出(S3)。
在本发明中，为了减小低功率操作模式中的闪烁，在保持帧期间通过控制发光驱动器，将发光信号的触发频率增加至高于或等于帧频的N倍(N为大于或等于2的正整数)。此外，为了进一步减小低功率操作模式中的闪烁，还可在写入帧期间通过控制发光驱动器，将发光信号EM的触发频率增加至高于或等于帧频的N倍(N为大于或等于2的正整数)(S4)。
根据本发明示例性实施方式的有机发光显示器的驱动方法的其他方面以大致与参照图1到10所述相同的方式实现，所以将省略其详细描述。
在整个描述中，本领域技术人员应当理解，在不背离本发明的技术原理的情况下，各种变化和修改是可能的。因此，本发明的技术范围不限于本说明书中的详细描述，而是应当由所附权利要求的范围限定。

Claims (14)

1.一种有机发光显示器，包括：
多条数据线、多条扫描线和多条发光线；
源极驱动器，所述源极驱动器驱动所述数据线；
扫描驱动器，所述扫描驱动器将扫描信号供给至所述扫描线；
发光驱动器，所述发光驱动器将发光信号供给至所述发光线；和
时序控制器，在低功率操作模式中，所述时序控制器在写入图像数据的写入帧之间分配至少一个保持帧，在所述写入帧期间启动所述源极驱动器的输出并在所述保持帧期间停止所述源极驱动器的输出，并且所述时序控制器在所述保持帧期间通过控制所述发光驱动器，将所述发光信号的触发频率增加至高于或等于帧频的N倍，N为大于或等于2的正整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光显示器，其中所述时序控制器在所述写入帧期间通过控制所述发光驱动器，将所述发光信号的触发频率增加至高于或等于所述帧频的N倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光显示器，其中所述时序控制器在所述写入帧期间通过控制所述发光驱动器，将所述发光信号的触发频率保持为等于所述帧频。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光显示器，其中所述时序控制器根据所述发光信号的ON占空比改变所述发光信号的触发频率。
5.根据权利要求4所述的有机发光显示器，其中所述时序控制器将所述发光信号的触发频率控制为与所述发光信号的ON占空比成反比。
6.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光显示器，进一步包括：
接口块，所述接口块从外部接收图像数据；
存储器块，所述存储器块存储驱动所述显示面板所需的信息；和
伽马块，所述伽马块产生伽马基准电压并将所述伽马基准电压供给至所述源极驱动器，
其中所述时序控制器在所述保持帧期间停止所述接口块、所述存储器块和所述伽马块的操作。
7.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光显示器，其中所述时序控制器通过控制所述扫描驱动器，将所述扫描信号的触发频率降低至低于所述帧频。
8.一种有机发光显示器的驱动方法，所述有机发光显示器包括：多条数据线、多条扫描线和多条发光线；源极驱动器，所述源极驱动器驱动所述数据线；扫描驱动器，所述扫描驱动器将扫描信号供给至所述扫描线；和发光驱动器，所述发光驱动器将发光信号供给至所述发光线，所述方法包括：
检测到低功率操作模式；
在写入图像数据的写入帧之间放置至少一个保持帧，并且在所述写入帧期间启动所述源极驱动器的输出并在所述保持帧期间停止所述源极驱动器的输出；以及
在所述保持帧期间通过控制所述发光驱动器，将所述发光信号的触发频率增加至高于或等于帧频的N倍，N为大于或等于2的正整数。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，进一步包括在所述写入帧期间通过控制所述发光驱动器，将所述发光信号的所述触发频率增加至高于或等于所述帧频的N倍。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，进一步包括在所述写入帧期间通过控制所述发光驱动器，将所述发光信号的所述触发频率保持为等于所述帧频。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中在将所述发光信号的所述触发频率增加至高于或等于所述帧频的N倍时，所述发光信号的所述触发频率根据所述发光信号的ON占空比而变化。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中在将所述发光信号的所述触发频率增加至高于或等于所述帧频的N倍时，所述发光信号的所述触发频率被控制为与所述发光信号的所述ON占空比成反比。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法，进一步包括在所述保持帧期间停止接口块、存储器块和伽马块的操作，
其中所述接口块从外部接收图像数据，所述存储器块存储驱动所述显示面板所需的信息，所述伽马块产生伽马基准电压并将所述伽马基准电压供给至所述源极驱动器。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法，进一步包括将所述扫描信号的触发频率降低至低于所述帧频。
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