CN106324828B - Liquid crystal-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption method of designing optical system - Google Patents
Liquid crystal-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption method of designing optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is double corrector adaptive optics system design methods of liquid crystal corrector and distorting lens, it is therefore an objective to solve the problems, such as the near-infrareds of several meters of large aperture telescopes~in infrared wide spectrum wavefront adaptively correcting imaging.The system can be worked in short-wave infrared~mid and far infrared wave band distorting lens and can be worked in the liquid crystal corrector of near infrared band using a wave front detector, one；To distorting lens closed-loop control, liquid crystal corrector opened loop control, Zernike pattern refactoring wavefront is utilized；Wherein distorting lens corrects preceding tens Zernike low step modes, and the light beam after then correcting level-one is divided into two bundles, wherein high-resolution imaging requirement can be reached by being longer than the long wave band of 950nm；And for the light beam of 700nm~950nm wave band, then the secondary correction of the high-order Zernike mode after doing tens with liquid crystal corrector, to obtain adaptive optics high-resolution imaging in near-infrared~middle infrared full-wave section.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to adaptive optics fields, are liquid crystal-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption method of designing optical system.
The system is related to the light such as liquid crystal corrector, distorting lens, quick galvanometer, wave front detector, adaptive optics controller and color separation film
The combination for learning element, may be implemented the near-infrareds of several meters of large aperture telescopes~in infrared broadband wavefront adaptively correcting at
Picture.
Background technique
The function of adaptively correcting system is the distorted wavefront to incident light before light wave based on heavy caliber ground telescope
Real-time compensation correction is carried out, ideal optical imagery is obtained.
Wave-front corrector is the Primary Component of adaptive optics system.Only one wavefront of traditional adaptive optics system
Corrector, wherein being had using the adaptively correcting system of distorting lens, fast response time, light loss are low and work optical band is wider
Advantage, but the actuator unit number and drive volume of distorting lens are limited by manufacturing process, are difficult to accomplish Unit thousand or more
Also keep enough 4 μm~5 μm of drive volume.Therefore when the received wavefront bore of telescope is greater than 4 meters, energy is strongest to be also
Atmospheric turbulance interferes most strong visible~near infrared light wave band, and the spatial frequency or wavefront distortion peak-to-valley value of wavefront distortion are past
Toward the modulation range for exceeding distorting lens.Therefore, some heavy caliber adaptive optics systems propose the design using co-deflection mirror
Method increases contradiction [D.Gavel and A.Norton, Woofer- between drive volume to solve actuator unit number
tweeter deformable mirror control for closed-loop adaptive optics:theory and
Practice, Proc.SPIE 9148,91484J (2014)], however the influence of wavefront distortion high frequency components can be with wavelength
It shortens and highlights, even the heavy caliber adaptive optics system of co-deflection mirror, middle infrared band should be used in mostly, it is right
For visible~near infrared band, the ability of distorting lens corrector is not good enough.
Currently, liquid crystal light modulator has developed very mature as the wave-front corrector of adaptive optics system, with biography
The distorting lens of system is compared, and is had spatial resolution height, can be matched the wavefront of 4 meters to 8 meters Aperture Telescopes near infrared band, adjust
Amount processed is big, correction accuracy is high, the advantage of mature preparation process.However liquid crystal corrector is to change light by control refractive index
Journey and then wavefront is modulated, due to the problem that liquid crystal material refractive index variable quantity is limited, causes it cannot be in infrared length
Band operation [Quanquan Mu, Zhaoliang Cao, Novel spectral range expansion method for
Liquid crystal adaptive optics, Opt.Express 18 (21), 21687-21696 (2010)], liquid at present
The correction imaging band of crystal self-adapting optical system is 700nm~950nm near infrared band, also referred to as I wave band.Therefore, need to pass through
Realize that the broadband extended to long wave direction corrects imaging effect in conjunction with distorting lens.
The Imaging of usual atmospheric turbulance centering far infrared band can be ignored, and present invention mainly solves several meters of heavy calibers
The near-infrared of telescope~in the imaging of infrared broadband wavefront adaptively correcting defect problem.700nm may be implemented in the present invention
The broadband of~2500nm corrects imaging, and the imaging band model of pure LCD self-adapting optic system is substantially widened to long wave direction
It encloses, solves the problems, such as that pure distorting lens adaptive optics system is difficult to well be imaged in heavy caliber near infrared band.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides double corrector adaptive optics systems of a kind of liquid crystal corrector and distorting lens mixing, it is therefore an objective to
The broadband adaptively correcting imaging that 700nm~2500nm is realized on several meters of large aperture telescopes, solves several meters of heavy calibers and looks in the distance
Mirror near-infrared~in the imaging of infrared broadband wavefront adaptively correcting defect problem.
The present invention is explained in detail below.
Liquid crystal corrector and double corrector adaptive optics systems of distorting lens mixing use a wave front detector, one
Short-wave infrared~mid and far infrared wave band distorting lens can be worked in and the liquid crystal corrector of near infrared band can be worked in, to deformation
Mirror closed-loop control, liquid crystal corrector opened loop control, utilize Zernike pattern refactoring wavefront.Since atmospheric turbulance does wavefront
Disturb with wavelength shorten radio-frequency component enhancing, so using driving unit number weak tendency distorting lens correction wavefront distortion low order at
Point, the long glistening light of waves beam splitting of wavefront distortion then will be eliminated, in the multiple cameras of short-wave infrared~mid and far infrared wave band directly
Imaging, and the short-wave band light beam separated enters liquid crystal corrector and corrects order components again, to obtain the high score of near infrared band
Distinguish imaging.
In view of the band characteristic of image camera, 700nm~2500nm imaging band range is divided into four parts: 700nm
The I wave band of~950nm, corresponding visible camera；The J wave band of 950nm~1500nm, corresponding short-wave infrared camera；1500nm~
The H band of 1900nm, it is corresponding in infrared camera；The K-band of 1900nm~2500nm, corresponding mid and far infrared camera.λ is taken respectivelyI
=800nm, λJ=1200nm, λH=1600nm and λK=2200nm is the central wavelength of four imaging bands.
Distorted wavefront can use the Zernike mode function polynomial repressentation arranged by low order to high-order, low order ingredient
Root mean square (RMS) value is larger, influences significantly, to be reduced rapidly as the order of ingredient increases RMS value, until can on imaging resolution
To ignore its influence to imaging.When preceding N Zernike modes in distorted wavefront obtain full correction, remaining higher order wave
Front-distortion amount RMS valueWhen, imaging resolution can achieve twice of optical diffraction limit resolution ratio of telescope, this
Place λ represents the central wavelength of imaging band, then it is assumed that has reached the requirement of adaptive wavefront correction.The remaining high-order of imaging band
Wavefront distortion amountIt can be expressed as [R.J.Noll, Zernike polynomials and atmospheric
Turbulence, J.Opt.Soc.Am.66 (3), 207 (1976)]:
Here N is the Zernike pattern count corrected, and D is the bore of telescope, r0It is the feature ginseng of atmospheric turbulence intensity
Number be known as atmospheric coherence lengths, by centimetre as unit of.It is r for intensity0Atmospheric turbulance in the bore that receives of telescope be D
Distorted wavefront, distortion severe degree can be with approximate description are as follows: the wavefront of D bore is averagely divided into r0For diameter
Before wavelet, then upper only inclination distorts without high-order before wavelet.Therefore r0More long corresponding atmospheric turbulance is weaker, and r0It is shorter
Corresponding atmospheric turbulance is stronger.For with atmospheric coherence length r0Unit it is consistent, the unit of (1) formula medium caliber D is also taken as centimetre,
Remaining high-order wavefront distortion amount at this timeUnit be radian.
The condition of general astronomical observation site, in central wavelength lambdaIAtmospheric coherence length at=800nm is able to satisfy r0≥
10cm.Select the central wavelength lambda of I wave bandIThe atmospheric coherence length r at place0I=10cm, according to r06/5 power with wavelength X is at just
Ratio relational expression [F.Roddier, Adaptive Optics in Astronomy (Cambridge University, 1999),
Chap.1.], corresponding λ can be calculatedJ=1200nm, λH=1600nm and λKTri- imaging band central wavelengths of=2200nm
R0Value is respectively r0J=16cm, r0H=23cm and r0K=34cm.If select to look in the distance aperture of mirror D for 2 meters,Above-mentioned parameter is substituted into respectively in (1) formula, obtains tetra- imaging bands pair of I, J, H and K
The correction Zernike pattern count N answered is respectively NI=102, NJ=42, NH=21, NK=10, and have NI>NJ>NH>NK.Utilize change
Shape mirror and liquid crystal corrector are low, high-order two-stage correction, N before wherein distorting lens correctsJZernike low step mode, then can be with
Light beam after being corrected level-one by wavelength 950nm color separation film is divided into two bundles, wherein being longer than the residual wave of the long wave band of 950nm
Front-distortion RMS value≤0.14 λJ, twice of optical diffraction limit resolution ratio of this long wave band telescope can be reached；And for
The I wave band of 700nm~950nm recycles liquid crystal corrector to be NJ+1~NIThe secondary correction of item Zernike mode, can also make I
The residual distortion RMS value of wave band wavefront is decreased to 0.14 λI, to can reach the telescope in 700nm~2500nm all band
Twice of optical diffraction limit imaging resolution.
Due to wave-front corrector of the distorting lens as tri- imaging bands of J, H, K in the present invention, need to correct
Zernike pattern count is only related to the optical parameter of J wave band, therefore does not consider that the imaging of K-band can also illustrate light of the invention
Learn design method.Come below with the design of liquid crystal-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption optical system of tri- imaging bands of I, J, H
The present invention will be described in detail.As shown in Figure 1, system is saturating by the first lens 1, quick galvanometer 2, distorting lens 3, the first color separation film 4, second
Mirror 5, the second color separation film 6, short-wave infrared camera 7, middle infrared camera 8, the third lens 9, the 4th lens 10, third color separation film 11,
5th lens 12, the 6th lens 13, the 4th color separation film 14, wave front detector 15, the 7th lens 16, slim reflecting mirror the 17, the 8th
Lens 18, PBS beam splitter 19, liquid crystal corrector 20, the 9th lens 21, reflecting mirror 22, movable mirror 23, the tenth lens
24, visible camera 25 forms.
The front focus of first lens 1 is overlapped with the telescope output optical focus being connect, and the emergent pupil of telescope is imaged in
On quick galvanometer 2；The effect of quick galvanometer 2 is integral inclined, that is, the N before correcting for correcting wavefront2Item Zernike lowest-order mode
With the calibrating (base measuring) pressure of substantially Reducing distortion mirror 3, the shake of incident beam is eliminated, light beam is then rolled over 45 degree of axis and is reflected into distorting lens
3；Distorting lens 3 is again by light beam folding axis at horizontal light beam, correction N3~NJZernike low step mode, by 950nm wavelength
It is divided into two vertical each other beams after first color separation film 4 of color separation, wherein 950nm~1700nm wave band penetrates the first color separation film 4, warp
Second lens 5 converge to 1500nm wavelength punishment color the second color separation film 6, be further separated into 950nm~1500nm J wave band and
Two light beams of the H band of 1500nm-1700nm, wherein the J wave band light beam of 950nm~1500nm transmits the second color separation film 6, focuses
It is imaged in short-wave infrared camera 7；The light beam of 1500nm~1700nm H band by the second color separation film 6 reflect, focus in it is red
Outer camera 8 is imaged.And the normal beam reflected at the first color separation film 4 is the light beam of 400nm~950nm wave band, the vertical light
Beam passes through 10 shrink beam of the third lens 9 and the 4th lens, and beam diameter and 700nm wavelength is made to punish the mouth of the third color separation film 11 of color
Diameter matching；Light beam is divided into two beams of reflection and transmission again after third color separation film 11, and wherein the reflected beams are 400nm~700nm
Visible waveband be used for Wavefront detecting, by the 5th lens 12 and the 6th lens 13 composition 4F system expanded with wavefront
The bore of detector 15 matches, then by reflecting with identical 4th color separation film 14 of third color separation film 11, enters wavefront spy
It surveys in device 15；Besides the I wave band light beam for penetrating 700nm~950nm of third color separation film 11 transmits the 7th lens 16, by slim anti-
45 degree of 17 folding axis of mirror, bias 5mm are penetrated by the 8th lens 18, so that the reflected light of liquid crystal corrector 20 is through the 8th lens 18
After can avoid slim reflecting mirror 17；PBS beam splitter 19 is between the 8th lens 18 and liquid crystal corrector 20, PBS beam splitter 19
Effect be to filter the light beam for entering liquid crystal corrector 20 for P-polarized light, to meet the operating condition of liquid crystal corrector 20, and
Liquid crystal corrector 20 is conjugated configuration with quick galvanometer 2 and guarantees that incident P-polarized light is not shaken；Liquid crystal corrector 20 is by P polarization
N in lightJ+1~NIIt after the high-order wavefront distortion correction of Zernike mode, is reflected and enters back into PBS beam splitter 19, by the
Eight lens 18, the 9th lens 21, light beam becomes on the reflecting mirror 22 that directional light reaches and optical axis is placed at 45 degree, to roll over axis 90
Degree reaches in the movable mirror 23 also placed with optical axis at 45 degree, rolls over optical axis again and turn 90 degrees, pass through the tenth lens 24
Visible camera 25 is focused on, the I wave band light beam imaging of 700nm~950nm after making high-order distortion correction.
Quick galvanometer 2, distorting lens 3, short-wave infrared camera 7, middle infrared camera 8, Wavefront detecting involved in the present invention
Device 15, liquid crystal corrector 20 and visible camera 25 are connected with a computer.There is adaptively correcting control in computer
Software, effect is: the optical signalling obtained first to wave front detector 15 is handled, and wavefront distortion is expressed as different power
The Zernike mode function multinomial of weight；Then will wherein before N2The wavefront that item Zernike mode function multinomial determines is whole
Tilt data feeds back to quick galvanometer 2 to eliminate the inclination of light beam shake, by N3~NJItem low order Zernike mode function is multinomial
The wave front data that formula determines feeds back to distorting lens 3, corrects the low order distortion ingredient of wavefront, by remaining NJ+1~NIXiang Gao
The wave front data that rank Zernike mode function multinomial determines feeds back to liquid crystal corrector 20, makes the high-order distortion ingredient of wavefront
It is corrected；At this time as being that adaptive optics corrects captured by short-wave infrared camera 7, middle infrared camera 8 and visible camera 25
Full resolution pricture afterwards, computer provide the display of captured picture.
For the response matrix for measuring distorting lens, based on above-mentioned liquid crystal-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption optical system,
Point light source 27 is placed in the front focus positions of first lens 1, as shown in Fig. 2, light barrier 28 be inserted into point light source 27 and telescope it
Between to interdict the light that telescope enters Adaptable System.The optical path of distorting lens response matrix is by point light source 27, the first lens
1, quick galvanometer 2, distorting lens 3, the first color separation film 4, the third lens 9, the 4th lens 10, third color separation film 11, the 5th lens 12,
6th lens 13, the 4th color separation film 14, wave front detector 15 form, wherein quick galvanometer 2 is used as reflecting mirror, normal and
Optical axis is at 22.5 degree.Distorting lens response matrix, method such as [F.Roddier, Adaptive are measured with Zernike type method
Optics in Astronomy (Cambridge University, 1999), Chap.6.] it is described.For deformation in the present invention
Mirror 3 measures preceding NJThen the response matrix of item Zernike low step mode is stored in the adaptively correcting control software of computer,
Update the response matrix of the distorting lens 3 stored originally.The response matrix of distorting lens need to measure update depending on concrete condition.
For measure liquid crystal corrector response matrix, based on above-mentioned liquid crystal-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption optical system
System is inserted into Dove prism 26 between the 4th color separation film 14 and movable mirror 23, and movable mirror 23 is removed,
The focal point of first lens 1 is put into point light source 27, and light barrier 28 is inserted between the 5th lens 12 and the 6th lens 13, such as schemes
Shown in 3, blocking telescope enters the light of liquid crystal corrector response matrix optical path.The measurement light of liquid crystal corrector response matrix
Route point light source 27, the first lens 1, quick galvanometer 2, distorting lens 3, the first color separation film 4, the third lens 9, the 4th lens 10, the
Three color separation films 11, the 7th lens 16, slim reflecting mirror 17, the 8th lens 18, PBS beam splitter 19, liquid crystal corrector the 20, the 9th are saturating
Mirror 21, reflecting mirror 22, Dove prism 26, the 4th color separation film 14, wave front detector 15 form, wherein quick galvanometer 2 is as reflection
Mirror uses, and normal and optical axis are at 22.5 degree.The effect of Dove prism 26 is 180 degree before rotation wave, make survey response matrix when into
Wavefront coordinate system when the wavefront coordinate system entered to wave front detector 15 works with Adaptable System is consistent.The response of liquid crystal corrector
The measurement method of matrix such as patent of invention [" quick directional column type LCD self-adapting optical system ", patent of invention, China,
200610063698.7] described, N is measured for liquid crystal corrector 20 in the present inventionJ+1~NIThe response square of item Zernike mode
Then battle array is stored in the adaptively correcting control software of computer, updates the response matrix of the liquid crystal corrector 20 stored originally.
The response matrix of liquid crystal corrector need to measure update depending on concrete condition.
After measuring response matrix, optical path is restored to optical path shown in FIG. 1, the mixing of liquid crystal-distorting lens can be made
Formula adaptive optics system works normally.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is liquid crystal of the invention-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption optical system principle optical path.Wherein 1 is saturating for first
Mirror, 2 be quick galvanometer, and 3 be distorting lens, and 4 punish the first color separation film of color for 950nm wavelength, and 5 be the second lens, and 6 be 1500nm
Wavelength punishes the second color separation film of color, and 7 and 8 be respectively short-wave infrared camera and middle infrared camera, and 9 be the third lens, and 10 be the
Four lens, 11 punish the third color separation film of color for 700nm wavelength, and 12 be the 5th lens, and 13 be the 6th lens, and 14 be also 700nm
Wavelength punishes the 4th color separation film of color, and 15 be wave front detector, and 16 be the 7th lens, and 17 be slim reflecting mirror, and 18 is saturating for the 8th
Mirror, 19 be PBS beam splitter, and 20 be liquid crystal corrector, and 21 be the 9th lens, and 22 be reflecting mirror, and 23 be movable mirror, and 24 are
Tenth lens, 25 be visible camera.The front focus of first lens 1 is overlapped with the focus of receiving telescope.
Fig. 2 is principle optical path when measuring distorting lens response matrix.Wherein 27 be point light source, before being placed in the first lens
Focal point, light barrier 28 is inserted between point light source 27 and telescope to interdict the light that telescope enters Adaptable System, in figure
Light barrier 28 is not drawn into.
Fig. 3 is principle optical path when measuring liquid crystal corrector response matrix.Wherein 26 be Dove prism, and effect is rotation
Wavefront 180 degree, when the wavefront coordinate system for entering wave front detector 15 when measuring response matrix and Adaptable System being made to work
Wavefront coordinate system is consistent, and 27 be point light source, and 28 be light barrier.
Fig. 4 is liquid crystal matched with 2 meters of Aperture Telescopes in embodiment-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption optical system principle
Optical path.Wherein 29 be turbulent flow screen, quantitatively provides atmospheric turbulance to the interference strength of wavefront are as follows: the atmosphere at 800nm wavelength is relevant
Length is 10cm；30 be resolving power test target, can be with the imaging resolution before and after quantitative assessment wavefront correction.
Fig. 5 be in embodiment liquid crystal matched with 2 meters of Aperture Telescopes-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption optical system to rapids
Stream screen interference wavefront be corrected, the imaging effect of resolving power test target.Wherein (a), the wavefront that (b) is the shooting of middle infrared camera 8
The resolving power test target imaging of correction front and back, the H band of corresponding 1500nm-1700nm can tell the 5th of the 5th circle after correction
Group striped, imaging resolution reach 19.7 μm；(c), (d) is the resolution ratio before and after the wavefront correction that short-wave infrared camera 7 is shot
Plate imaging, the J wave band of corresponding 950nm~1500nm can tell the 5th the 6th group of striped of circle after correction, imaging resolution reaches
To 17.5 μm；(e), (f), (g) are that visible camera 25 is imaged in the resolving power test target that the I wave band of 700nm~950nm is shot, (e) right
Before answering wavefront correction, (f), (g) be respectively distorting lens level-one correction after and liquid crystal corrector secondary correction after picture, show through liquid
The third group striped of the 6th circle can be told after brilliant corrector order corrections, imaging resolution reaches 12.4 μm.
Specific embodiment
In order to more preferably illustrate this technology, with liquid crystal matched with 2m Aperture Telescope-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption optics
System carrys out examinations effect of the invention for the imaging of tri- wave band of I, J, H.
1) the first lens 1 are three glued achromatic lens, bore 30mm, focal length 200mm；Remaining lens is double glue
Achromatic lens is closed, 5 bore of the second lens is 30mm, focal length 547mm, and 9 bore of the third lens is 30mm, focal length 300mm,
4th lens, 10 bore is 10mm, focal length is -43.2mm, 12 bore 25.4mm of the 5th lens, focal length 100mm, the 6th lens
13 bores are 20mm, focal length 200mm, and 16 bore of the 7th lens is 15mm, focal length 150mm, and 18 bore of the 8th lens is
25.4mm, focal length 300mm, 21 bore of the 9th lens is 25.4mm, focal length 300mm, and 24 bore of the tenth lens is 20mm, coke
Away from for 270mm.
2) quick galvanometer 2 is the quick galvanometer of closed-loop adaptation drive-type of German PI Corp., diameter 25mm, maximum rotation
Range 5mrad, 0.25 μ rad of resolution ratio.
3) distorting lens 3 is the 145 element deformation mirrors of French ALPAO Corp., and the arrangement mode of driver is square, bore
29.5mm；Using 20mm clear aperture, light beam covers 97 drivers of central area, and the wavefront modification amount of single driver connects
Nearly 3 μm, whole response time 0.2ms.
4) short-wave infrared camera 7 and middle infrared camera 8 are the company's Xeva-1.7-320 product that reaches the clouds, pixel number 320 ×
256, spectral region is 900nm~1700nm.
5) wave front detector 15 is Shack-Hartmann type wave front detector, and 5.76mm receiving aperture, microlens array is
20 × 20, back camera is the EM CCD of sample frequency 1562Hz.
6) reflecting mirror 17, area 15mm × 15mm, thickness 2mm, reflectivity are greater than 98%.
7) PBS polarization beam apparatus 19, having a size of 25mm × 25mm × 25mm, the extinction ratio of polarised light is 1 × 10-3。
8) LCOS type liquid crystal corrector of the liquid crystal corrector 20 for U.S. BNS company, response time 1ms, pixel number 256 ×
Scale division value, that is, gray level of 256, bore 5.8mm, driving voltage have 256.
9) visible camera 25 is the product of Britain ANDOR company DV897 model, pixel number 512 × 512.
10) Dove prism 26, using K9 annealed material, clear aperture 10mm.
11) point light source 27, are xenon source, the wave-length coverage covering 400nm~1700nm of fiber bundle coupling, and fiber optic bundle is straight
Diameter 0.2mm.
12) turbulent flow screen 29 is manufactured by Lexitek company, drives phase board rotation by stepper motor, controls its rotation speed
Degree simulation generates the atmospheric turbulance of varying strength, and it is 10cm that atmospheric coherence length of the turbulent flow screen at 800nm wavelength, which is arranged,.
13) resolving power test target 30 are 1951 resolving power test target of Unite States Standard USAF, place against light source, for of the invention
Imaging resolution does quantitative assessment.
14) liquid crystal matched with 2m Aperture Telescope-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption optical system is built:
According to optical path shown in Fig. 1, using 1)~9) described in element build liquid crystal-deformation matched with 2m Aperture Telescope
The disposing way of mirror hybrid self-adaption optical system, each element is put in strict accordance with mode described in " summary of the invention ", and
Quick galvanometer 2, distorting lens 3, short-wave infrared camera 7, middle infrared camera 8, wave front detector 15, liquid crystal corrector 20 and visible phase
Machine 25 is connected with the computer for having auto-adaptive controling software.
15) response matrix of distorting lens 3 is measured:
According to position shown in Fig. 2, point light source 27 is inserted into the system built, light barrier 28 is inserted into point light source 27 and hopes
The light of telescope entrance is interdicted between remote mirror；Instruction computer successively drives 1~97 driver of distorting lens 3；
The light modulated by distorting lens enters wave front detector 15；Computer reads the optic response letter of wave front detector 15 automatically
Number, digitized of going forward side by side is treated as initial communication matrix；The Zernike pattern count N of J wave band is calculated based on (1) formulaJ=42,
The response of 3 driver of distorting lens is fitted using preceding 42 Zernike modes, the initial communication matrix of distorting lens 3 is become
For the response matrix of preceding 42 Zernike mode coefficients, then it is stored in the adaptively correcting control software of computer, updates former
Come the response matrix of the distorting lens 3 stored.
16) response matrix of liquid crystal corrector 20 is measured:
According to position shown in Fig. 3, Dove prism 26, point light source 27 and light barrier 28 are inserted into system, and removing can
Mobile mirror 23；The Zernike pattern count N of I wave band is calculated based on (1) formulaI=102, the Zernike pattern count N of J wave bandJ=
42, instruction computer successively issues NJ+1~NIItem Zernike mode signal drives liquid crystal corrector 20；By liquid crystal corrector
The light of 20 modulation enters wave front detector 15, and computer reads the optical response signals of wave front detector 15 automatically, and carries out
Digitized processing becomes NJ+1~NIThe response matrix of item Zernike mode, the adaptively correcting control for being then stored in computer are soft
In part, the response matrix of the liquid crystal corrector 20 stored originally is updated.
17) adaptive optics system imaging effect light path:
After obtaining the response matrix of distorting lens 3 and liquid crystal corrector 20, light barrier 28 is withdrawn into optical path, movable mirror
23 are moved back to optical path, and turbulent flow screen 29 is inserted between quick galvanometer 2 and distorting lens 3, and resolving power test target 30 is put against point light source 27
It sets, is formed using resolving power test target as the adaptively correcting system of imageable target, as shown in Figure 4.
18) drive system carries out the imaging of wavefront adaptively correcting:
Open the auto-adaptive controling software in computer；Instruction computer is given according to response matrix processing wave front detector 15
Wavefront distortion is expressed as the Zernike mode function multinomial of different weights by optical signalling out；It then will wherein first 2
The wavefront overall tilt data feedback that Zernike mode function multinomial determines is trembled to quick galvanometer 2 with the inclination for eliminating light beam
It is dynamic, the wave front data that 3~42 low order Zernike mode function multinomials determine is fed back into distorting lens 3 and is corrected, and in shortwave
The J wave band of 950nm~1500nm and the H band of 1500nm~1700nm are obtained in infrared camera 7 and middle infrared camera 8 respectively
The imaging of resolving power test target 30；43~102 Zernike mode function multinomials of remaining wavefront distortion determine in rear optical path
Wave front data feeds back to liquid crystal corrector 20 and is corrected, and visible 25 position of camera to the I wave band of 700nm~950nm into
The imaging of row resolving power test target 30.
The imaging results of resolving power test target 30 are as shown in figure 5, (a), (b), (c), (d) are right respectively before and after wavefront adaptively correcting
Infrared camera 8, the imaging on short-wave infrared camera 7 are answered, (e), (f), the imaging on (g) corresponding visible camera 25.Wherein
(a), (c), (e) be it is not starting wavefront correction as a result, show no adaptive wavefront correction tri- wave bands of I, J, H all without
Method tells any one line on resolving power test target 30；(b) be correction after middle infrared camera 8 1500nm~1700nm H wave
Section tells the 5th group of striped of the 5th circle, corresponding 50.8cycles/mm, i.e., in telescope to 30 imaging of resolving power test target
The imaging resolution of focal plane reaches 19.7 μm, since system is 19.52 μm in the diffraction limit of 1600nm central wavelength, explanation
The calibration result of the H band of 1500nm~1700nm is close to diffraction limit；(d) be correction after short-wave infrared camera 7 950nm~
The J wave band of 1500nm is to 30 imaging of resolving power test target, since the wave band will pass through the reflection reimaging of the second color separation film 6, institute
180 degree has laterally been overturn with image, distinguishable 5th the 6th group of striped of circle out of the image after correction, corresponding 57cycles/mm, i.e.,
Reach 17.5 μm in the imaging resolution of telescope focal plane, the diffraction limit due to system in 1200nm central wavelength is
14.64 μm, illustrate that the calibration result of the J wave band of 950nm~1500nm has reached 1.2 times of diffraction limits；(f), (g) is to become respectively
Shape mirror level-one correction after and liquid crystal corrector secondary correction after visible camera 25 700nm~950nm I wave band to resolving power test target
30 imagings, it will be seen that this distorting lens cannot completely eliminate the wavefront distortion of near infrared band, make the image shown in (f) still
It is very fuzzy, and after too low, order corrections device elder generation post-equalization, the third group striped of the 6th circle can be told, it is corresponding
80.6cycles/mm reaches 12.4 μm in the near infrared band imaging resolution of telescope focal plane, since system is in 800nm
The diffraction limit of central wavelength is 9.76 μm, illustrates that the calibration result of the I wave band of 700nm~950nm has reached 1.3 times of diffraction
The limit.
To sum up, liquid crystal-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption optical system matched with 2 meters of Aperture Telescopes is obtained adaptive
Optical imagery is answered, resolution ratio is better than 2 meters of Aperture Telescopes in 2 times of resolution of diffraction of corresponding imaging band.
Claims (3)
1. liquid crystal-distorting lens hybrid self-adaption method of designing optical system, it is characterized in that:
System is by the first lens (1), quick galvanometer (2), distorting lens (3), the first color separation film (4), the second lens (5), second point
Color chips (6), short-wave infrared camera (7), middle infrared camera (8), the third lens (9), the 4th lens (10), third color separation film
(11), the 5th lens (12), the 6th lens (13), the 4th color separation film (14), wave front detector (15), the 7th lens (16), thin
Type reflecting mirror (17), the 8th lens (18), PBS beam splitter (19), liquid crystal corrector (20), the 9th lens (21), reflecting mirror
(22), movable mirror (23), the tenth lens (24), visible camera (25) composition；
It can be seen that the I wave band light beam that camera (25) receives 700nm~950nm is imaged, short-wave infrared camera (7) reception 950nm~
The J wave band light beam of 1500nm is imaged, and middle infrared camera (8) receives the H band light beam imaging of 1500nm~1900nm；λ is taken respectivelyI
=800nm, λJ=1200nm, λH=1600nm is the central wavelength of three imaging bands；
The front focus of first lens (1) is overlapped with the telescope output optical focus being connect, and the emergent pupil of telescope is imaged in fastly
On fast galvanometer (2)；Light beam folding is reflected into distorting lens (3) for 45 degree of axis by quick galvanometer (2)；Distorting lens (3) again by light beam folding axis at
Horizontal light beam, by 950nm wavelength punish color the first color separation film (4) after be divided into two vertical each other beams, wherein 950nm~
1900nm wave band penetrates the first color separation film (4), and the second color separation film of 1500nm wavelength punishment color is converged to through the second lens (5)
(6), two light beams of the J wave band of 950nm~1500nm and the H band of 1500nm~1900nm are further separated into, wherein 950nm~
The J wave band light beam of 1500nm transmits the second color separation film (6), focuses on short-wave infrared camera (7) imaging；1500nm~1900nm H
The light beam of wave band is reflected by the second color separation film (6), focuses on middle infrared camera (8) imaging；And it is anti-at the first color separation film (4)
The normal beam penetrated is the light beam of 400nm~950nm wave band, which passes through the third lens (9) and the 4th lens (10)
Shrink beam matches beam diameter and the bore of the third color separation film (11) of 700nm wavelength punishment color；By third color separation film (11)
Light beam is divided into two beams of reflection and transmission again afterwards, and wherein the reflected beams are that 400nm~700nm visible waveband is used for Wavefront detecting,
It is expanded by the 4F system that the 5th lens (12) and the 6th lens (13) form with the bore with wave front detector (15)
Match, then by being reflected with identical 4th color separation film (14) of third color separation film (11), enters in wave front detector (15)；Thoroughly
The I wave band light beam for crossing 700nm~950nm of third color separation film (11) transmits the 7th lens (16), is rolled over by slim reflecting mirror (17)
45 degree of axis, bias 5mm are by the 8th lens (18), so that liquid crystal corrector (20) reflected light is after the 8th lens (18)
It can avoid slim reflecting mirror (17)；PBS beam splitter (19) is between the 8th lens (18) and liquid crystal corrector (20), and PBS points
The effect of beam device (19) is to filter the light beam for entering liquid crystal corrector (20) for P-polarized light, to meet liquid crystal corrector (20)
Operating condition, and liquid crystal corrector (20) is conjugated configuration with quick galvanometer (2) and guarantees that incident P-polarized light is not shaken；Liquid
High-order distortion correction back reflection in P-polarized light is entered back into PBS beam splitter (19) by brilliant corrector (20), passes through the 8th lens
(18), the 9th lens (21), light beam becomes on the reflecting mirror (22) that directional light reaches and optical axis is placed at 45 degree, to roll over axis 90
Degree reaches in the movable mirror (23) also placed with optical axis at 45 degree, rolls over optical axis again and turn 90 degrees, pass through the tenth lens
(24) visible camera (25) is focused on, the I wave band light beam imaging of 700nm~950nm after making high-order distortion correction；
When preceding N Zernike modes in distorted wavefront obtain full correction, remaining high-order wavefront distortion amount RMS valueWhen, imaging resolution can achieve twice of optical diffraction limit resolution ratio of telescope, and λ represents imaging wave herein
The central wavelength of section, then it is assumed that reached the requirement of adaptive wavefront correction；Remaining high-order wavefront distortion amountIt indicates are as follows:
Here N is correction Zernike pattern count, r0It is that the characteristic parameter of atmospheric turbulence intensity is known as atmospheric coherence length, centimetre is
Unit, D are that the bore of telescope, unit are also taken as centimetre, remaining high-order wavefront distortion amountUnit be radian；
Select the central wavelength lambda of I wave bandIThe atmospheric coherence length r at place0I=10cm, according to r0It is directly proportional to 6/5 power of wavelength X
Relational expression, corresponding λ can be calculatedJ=1200nm, λHThe r of two imaging band central wavelengths of=1600nm0Value is respectively
r0J=16cm and r0H=23cm；SelectionAbove-mentioned parameter is substituted into respectively in (1) formula, wherein λ=λI、λJ、λH, and
It determines the aperture of mirror D that looks in the distance, show that the corresponding correction Zernike pattern count N of tri- imaging bands of I, J, H is respectively NI、NJ、NH, and
There is NI>NJ>NH；
Quick galvanometer (2), distorting lens (3), short-wave infrared camera (7), middle infrared camera (8), wave front detector (15), liquid crystal school
Positive device (20) and visible camera (25) are connected with a computer；There is adaptively correcting control software in computer,
Effect is: the optical signalling obtained first to wave front detector (15) is handled, and wavefront distortion is expressed as different weights
Zernike mode function multinomial；Then by the wavefront overall tilt of wherein preceding 2 Zernike mode function multinomial decision
Data feedback eliminates the inclination shake of light beam to quick galvanometer (2), by 3~NJItem low order Zernike mode function multinomial
The wave front data of decision feeds back to distorting lens (3), corrects the low order distortion ingredient of wavefront, by remaining NJ+1~NIXiang Gao
Rank Zernike mode function multinomial determine wave front data feed back to liquid crystal corrector (20), make wavefront high-order distort at
Get correction；At this time as being adaptive captured by short-wave infrared camera (7), middle infrared camera (8) and visible camera (25)
Full resolution pricture after optical correction, computer provide the display of captured picture.
2. the hybrid self-adaption method of designing optical system of liquid crystal-distorting lens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that institute
The distorting lens (3) stated needs to re-measure response matrix depending on concrete condition, and the method for measuring distorting lens response matrix is as follows:
Based on the hybrid self-adaption optical system of liquid crystal-distorting lens described in claim 1, in the preceding coke of the first lens (1)
Point placement location point light source (27), blocking telescope enter the light of Adaptable System；The optical path of distorting lens response matrix by
Point light source (27), the first lens (1), quick galvanometer (2), distorting lens (3), the first color separation film (4), the third lens (9), the 4th are thoroughly
Mirror (10), third color separation film (11), the 5th lens (12), the 6th lens (13), the 4th color separation film (14), wave front detector (15)
Composition, wherein quick galvanometer (2) is used as reflecting mirror, normal and optical axis are at 22.5 degree；
Distorting lens response matrix is measured with Zernike type method；
The Zernike pattern count N of J wave band is calculated based on (1) formula described in claim 1J, using preceding NJItem Zernike mode pair
The response of distorting lens (3) driver is fitted, and the initial communication matrix of distorting lens (3) is become NJItem Zernike mode system
Then several response matrixes is stored in the adaptively correcting control software of computer, updates the sound of the distorting lens (3) stored originally
Answer matrix.
3. the hybrid self-adaption method of designing optical system of liquid crystal-distorting lens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that institute
The liquid crystal corrector (20) stated needs to re-measure response matrix depending on concrete condition, the method for measuring liquid crystal corrector response matrix
It is as follows:
Based on the hybrid self-adaption optical system of liquid crystal-distorting lens described in claim 1, the 4th color separation film (14) with can
Dove prism (26) are inserted between mobile mirror (23), and movable mirror (23) are removed, the coke in the first lens (1)
Point light source (27) are put at point, and are inserted into light barrier (28) between the 5th lens (12) and the 6th lens (13), blocking is looked in the distance
Mirror enters the light of liquid crystal corrector response matrix optical path；The optical path of liquid crystal corrector response matrix is by point light source
(27), the first lens (1), quick galvanometer (2), distorting lens (3), the first color separation film (4), the third lens (9), the 4th lens
(10), third color separation film (11), the 7th lens (16), slim reflecting mirror (17), the 8th lens (18), PBS beam splitter (19), liquid
Brilliant corrector (20), the 9th lens (21), reflecting mirror (22), Dove prism (26), the 4th color separation film (14), wave front detector
(15) it forms, wherein quick galvanometer (2) is used as reflecting mirror, normal and optical axis are at 22.5 degree；The work of Dove prism (26)
With being 180 degree before rotation wave, make wavefront coordinate system and Adaptable System that wave front detector (15) is entered when surveying response matrix
Wavefront coordinate system when work is consistent；
The Zernike pattern count N of I wave band is calculated based on (1) formula described in claim 1I, J wave band Zernike pattern count NJ,
Instruction computer successively issues NJ+1~NIItem Zernike mode signal driving liquid crystal corrector (20)；By liquid crystal corrector
(20) light modulated enters wave front detector (15), and computer reads the optical response signals of wave front detector (15) automatically,
Digitized of going forward side by side is treated as NJ+1~NIThe response matrix of item Zernike mode, is then stored in the adaptively correcting of computer
It controls in software, updates the response matrix of the liquid crystal corrector (20) stored originally.
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| CN107622934B (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院生物物理研究所 | Phase plate replacement transfer device for transmission electron microscope imaging |
| CN108983412A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-11 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of no Wave-front measurement adaptive optics system and beam phase method of adjustment |
| CN111427147B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-04-12 | 西安理工大学 | Method for selecting wavefront corrector according to wavefront Zernike mode |
| CN112711134A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-27 | 苏州大学 | Light beam optical axis self-stabilization device and method based on reflection type mechanical modulation |
| CN113271144B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-04-12 | 西安理工大学 | Wavefront correction optical system and correction method based on double liquid crystal spatial light modulators |
| CN113311579A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-08-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Liquid crystal deformable mirror self-adaptive optical system wavefront decoupling method based on deformable mirror eigenmode |
| CN113360842B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-11-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Rapid global decoupling liquid crystal deformable mirror adaptive optical system wave front control method |
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