CN106324754B - Optical device and unidirectional guided wave structure - Google Patents
Optical device and unidirectional guided wave structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106324754B CN106324754B CN201610999446.9A CN201610999446A CN106324754B CN 106324754 B CN106324754 B CN 106324754B CN 201610999446 A CN201610999446 A CN 201610999446A CN 106324754 B CN106324754 B CN 106324754B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1225—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
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Abstract
The present invention relates to micronano optical devices field, a kind of optical device and unidirectional guided wave structure is provided, realizes the asymmetric transmission of electromagnetic wave.Optical device includes the terrace with edge of periodic arrangement in substrate and substrate, and the terrace with edge is pyramid structure.Unidirectional guided wave structure including absorbing material and above-mentioned optical device, the lower section of the unidirectional guided wave structure substrate is arranged in the absorbing material, and the absorbing material and the unidirectional guided wave structure substrate connect.The present invention is suitable for integrated photonic device, and the asymmetric transmission of electromagnetic wave can be realized within the scope of very wide wavestrip.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to micronano optical devices field more particularly to optical devices and unidirectional guided wave structure.
Background technique
Electromagnetic wave optical device is a kind of reciprocity optical device for electromagnetic wave one-way transmission, in communication, photoelectricity
Integrated, the fields such as optical transport are with important application prospects.Birefringence effect using magnetic rotation effect and crystal is two kinds
Classical realizes optical device and unidirectional two guided wave structure basic principles.However it is limited to magnetic rotation material in nature
With the performance of birefringent medium, the optical device size by both classical principles production is larger, the performance of one-way conduction and
Wavestrip range is also very limited, strongly limits it in the application in the directions such as current optical integrated device.
Artificial structure's material is a kind of electromagnetism specific materials based on manual electromagnetic structure unit having recently been developed,
By the arrangement mode of the pattern of control electromagnetic unit, size and unit, can effectively realize to the electromagnetic performance of device
Manipulation.In this way, scientist has been realized in negative-index metamaterial, stealthy cape, super holography etc. by being situated between naturally
Matter cannot achieve some special materials and device.Nonreciprocity electromagnetic device is very heavy in artificial structure's investigation of materials field
One of research direction wanted, have been developed that the most characteristic practical nonreciprocity electromagnetic device of two classes at present: one kind is base
In the nonreciprocity electromagnetic device of photonic crystal.It is suitable for the one-way transmissions of any linearly polarized photon；In addition one kind is to be based on
The nonreciprocity electromagnetic device of chiral Meta Materials.It is suitable for the one-way transmissions of circularly polarized light.These are based on artificial electromagnetic material
One-way waveguide device have many advantages, such as small in size, being easily integrated etc., however on the performance of one-way transmission but exist very
More disadvantages.
The technical solution of the prior art has:
(1) optoisolator: also known as light isolator, is a kind of fiber optic passive device of nonreciprocal transmission of light.It utilizes magneto-optic
Material realizes that the positive of optical signal is transmitted to the nonreciprocity that polarization state adjusts, while inhibiting backlight, that is, has irreversible
Property.Isolator can be divided into polarization relationship type and polarization independent type according to the polarization characteristic of optoisolator.
(2) photonic crystal: photonic crystal is a kind of periodically variable artificial nanostructures material of certain properties, usually this
The capacitivity (also referred to as dielectric constant) of kind material is in cyclically-varying, can produce " photon band gap " to make the propagation of light become
Controllably.The realization of photonic crystal is also so that crystal is had the ability for controlling light propagation by purposive doping.Photon band gap:
Refer to that the wave of a certain frequency range cannot be propagated in this periodic structure, i.e., this structure itself has " forbidden band ".Due to photon
The presence of crystal forbidden band can only be limited in line defect in light wave wherein and be transmitted.And magneto-opto photonic crystal is constituted
One-way waveguide, due to it surface modes have one way propagation characteristic, constitute waveguide, that is, so-called one-way waveguide.
(3) asymmetric transmission: three-dimensional chiral material shows circular brief-ringence and circular dichroism, and in-plane anisotropy hand
Property material show circle conversion dichroism.For three-dimensional chiral material, circular brief-ringence characteristic will rotate the inclined of incident electromagnetic wave
Polarization state, the transmissivity that circular dichroism causes dextrorotation, left circularly polarized light different, both phenomenons all with the direction of propagation of light without
It closes.For two-dimentional chiral material, circle conversion dichroism leads to circle transfer efficiency different between dextrorotation, left circularly polarized light,
When light is back through two-dimentional chiral material, circle transfer efficiency is inverted, therefore positive and negative 2 directions of polarised light of identical rotation property pass through
Transmitance is different when two-dimentional chiral material, leads to asymmetric transmission.
The shortcomings that prior art:
(1), conventional device structure is complicated, volume is big, cannot achieve the miniaturization of device, and for modern Integrated Light
In sub- device；
(2), the processing process of traditional devices is cumbersome, processing cost is expensive；
(3), the service band of traditional device being process by manual electromagnetic structure is very narrow, is not suitable for the need of width wavestrip
It asks, while the ratio of forward and reverse transmissivity is smaller；
(4), traditional device based on magnetic rotation effect, it is very sensitive to the polarization state of incident electromagnetic wave.In unreasonably
Think under the irradiation of polarised light, the energy utilization efficiency of device is very low；
(5), traditional optical device and unidirectional guided wave structure application range are very narrow, for example, can not be suitable for waveguide, too
Positive energy battery etc. needs to carry out electromagnetic wave in the device of efficient coupling input.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing a kind of optical device and unidirectional guided wave structure, electromagnetic wave is realized
Asymmetric transmission.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: the period on optical device, including substrate and substrate
Property arrangement terrace with edge, the terrace with edge be pyramid structure.The terrace with edge of periodic arrangement will form photonic crystal in substrate, can there is choosing
The light for making some wave band selected passes through；Meanwhile terrace with edge is made into similar pyramid when being incident on terrace with edge from space medium by light wave
Up big and down small structure, can effectively realize asymmetric transmission, and then generate the difference of the forward and reverse on-state rate of electromagnetic wave.
By experiment, it has been found that when light is incident in another medium from a medium, on the boundary of two media
Some similar pyramidal up big and down small structures are done above face, can effectively realize asymmetric transmission.The present invention is exactly using upper
Experimental result is stated, terrace with edge is made into similar pyramidal up big and down small structure, to realize the asymmetric transmission of electromagnetic wave；Together
When, terrace with edge is arranged periodically, forms photonic crystal, leads to the period of adjustment arrangement, can selectively make the light of some wave band
Pass through.
The apex angle for adjusting terrace with edge is very big on influencing backwards to incident transmissivity, and influences on forward entrance little.We
The efficiency of electromagnetic wave asymmetric transmission is defined as p=T1/T2, wherein T1 is positive impingement rate, and T2 is back impingement rate.Work as apex angle
When (or other parameters) reach certain value, p could be made to reach maximum, therefore in actual implementation, it is maximum to obtain
P should choose suitable apex angle.Meanwhile the refractive index of terrace with edge influences also very greatly, specifically the efficiency of asymmetric transmission:
One timing of space medium above terrace with edge, the efficiency of the bigger asymmetric transmission of the refractive index of terrace with edge is bigger, therefore makes terrace with edge
When should choose the material of high refractive index.
Specifically, the shape of the cross section of the terrace with edge is round or oval or arbitrary polygon.
Under extreme case, the size of the upper end cross section of the terrace with edge is 0.Terrace with edge is pyramid at this time.
Further, there is one-way conduction optical device to obtain one, above-mentioned substrate should be divided into superstructure and lower layer
Structure, the refractive index homogeneity setting of the superstructure and equal with the refractive index of terrace with edge, the refractive index of the understructure from
Top to bottm is sequentially reduced, and the refractive index of the upper end of the understructure is equal with the refractive index of the superstructure.Substrate
The gradually changed refractive index of understructure can avoid light being limited in substrate to avoid F-P (Fabry-Perot) chamber is formed in the substrate
Inside, to achieve the effect that the anti-reflection anti-reflection of device.Meanwhile the refractive index of the upper end of the understructure and the upper layer being tied
The refractive index of structure be arranged to it is equal or close, by the space medium below the refractive index of the lower end of the understructure and terrace with edge
Be arranged to it is equal or close, realize the upper and lower ends of superstructure refractive index smooth transition, guarantee optical property.
Further, the substrate and/or the material of terrace with edge are as follows: dielectric material, metal material, phonon material, magnetic material
The combination of one or more of material.
Unidirectional guided wave structure, including absorbing material and above-mentioned optical device, the absorbing material is arranged in the list
To the lower section of guided wave structure substrate, and the absorbing material and the unidirectional guided wave structure substrate connect.If base
The refractive index at bottom is not provided with the understructure of gradual change, i.e., the refractive index of entire substrate is uniformly, when substrate uses refractive index
When relatively high material, the space medium below substrate and substrate will form higher refringence, this high index-contrast item
Under part, base internal will form F-P cavity, anti-reflection to incident light height, high reflection, we are arranged below the substrate of optical device can
With the absorbing material of electromagnetic wave absorption, the Electromagnetic wave penetrating percentage in optical device will be greater than reflectivity, and then the unidirectional guided wave
Structure realizes unidirectional guided wave function.
Further, the absorbing material is the silicon wafer or optical waveguide coupler or light coupling device of solar battery
Or optoisolator.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: optic structure of the present invention is simple, it is easy to minimize, can be used for integrated photon device
In part；By adjusting the arrangement period of terrace with edge, optical device has the very wide wavestrip scope of application；Optical device of the present invention
It has wide range of applications, can be used as one way conducting device, be used as optoisolator etc., it is also possible to make LMDS Light Coupled Device, realize waveguide
High coupling input and the high external quantum efficiency of solar battery etc..
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the space diagram of terrace with edge
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of terrace with edge；
Fig. 3 is the top view of terrace with edge arrangement；
Fig. 4 is the impingement rate figure of embodiment forward and reverse.
Number in figure: 1 is substrate, and 2 be terrace with edge, and 101 be the superstructure of substrate, and 102 be the understructure of substrate, and θ is
The apex angle of terrace with edge, T are periodic quantity, and T1 is positive impingement rate curve, and T2 is back impingement rate curve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described by the following examples.
Embodiment is using huge advantage of the artificial micro nano structure in terms of electromagnetic wave regulation, by using 2 type of terrace with edge
Artificial structure's array realizes the high efficiency regulatory to electromagnetic wave.As shown in Figure 1, 2, the size of the upper end cross section of embodiment terrace with edge is
0, terrace with edge is special construction --- pyramid 2 at this time, and the dimensional parameters of pyramid are dx=dy=500nm, and dz=450nm, space is situated between
Matter is air, and the refractive index of air takes n1=1, the refractive index of the superstructure 101 of pyramid 2 and substrate is 2.59, under substrate
The refractive index of layer structure 102 is sequentially reduced for top to bottm, and the upper end refractive index of the understructure of substrate is 2.59, substrate
The lower end refractive index of understructure is 1.
As shown in figure 3, pyramid is arranged by periodic quantity T=600nm, tests and survey by the electromagnetic wave of a variety of wave bands
Examination, as a result as shown in Figure 4, it will thus be seen that 1) due to the dx=dy=500nm of embodiment, when the light for using 500nm wavelength
When wave, back impingement rate curve is obviously reduced: 2) since the periodic quantity of embodiment be 600nm, in the wave band of 600nm or so, and electricity
The positive transmissivity of magnetic wave reaches 99.5% or more, and reversed transmissivity, which is less than the forward and reverse transmittance of 0.025%., can achieve 1000
More than, therefore embodiment selects the wave band for 600nm or so.
In addition, embodiment the refractive index homogeneity of substrate can also be arranged, i.e. substrate 1 and the refractive index of pyramid 2 is all
2.59, and by the absorbing materials knot such as itself and silicon wafer, optical waveguide coupler, light coupling device or the optoisolator of solar battery
It closes, composition is unidirectional guided wave structure, since above-mentioned absorbing material has very strong reception electromagnetic wave ability, even if substrate is arranged to roll over
Penetrating rate uniformly will not will form F-P cavity in the inside of substrate, realize unidirectional guided wave.
The cross section of pyramid is square in this example.In fact, the shape of the cross section of pyramid 2 can also be any other
Polygon, such as triangle, pentagon, the shape of the cross section of pyramid 2 are also possible to round, ellipse, cross of various shapes
Section is different to the polarization state of light, it is practical when in use can unrestricted choice according to demand.Pyramid 2 and the material of substrate 1 can
With identical, can also be different.Pyramid 2 or the material of substrate 1 can be using dielectric material, metal material, phonon material, magnetic materials
Composite material made of material etc. or these combinations of materials.
In practice, the size of pyramid 2 can be adjusted arbitrarily, to meet different application demands.Embodiment is placed on
In air or vacuum, i.e., the refractive index around pyramid is 1.In fact, such structure can also be placed on other arbitrary mediums
In the middle, the structural parameters such as the apex angle of appropriate adjustment terrace with edge 2, refractive index, arrangement period.
It is worth noting that an important feature of the invention is light device using two-dimensional grating structure, it is easy to add
Work only has 500nm or so micro-structure in the height of visible light wave range at artificial micro-structure, such as embodiment, and the volume of device is very
It is small, it can be used in integrated photonic device；Also, the volume of very little can also reduce the processing materials of device, reduce device
Processing cost.
When the cross section of terrace with edge is that round or regular polygon is, the terrace with edge of nanostructure has quadruple symmetry, therefore this
The optical device of invention is insensitive to the polarization state of electromagnetic wave, is applicable to the electromagnetic wave of random polarization state；Optics of the invention
Device can use the very high organic material of plasticity, and structure nano stamping technique is processed, therefore its low processing cost,
Processing efficiency is high.
It should be pointed out that described above only illustrate some principles of the invention, due to the general of same technique field
It is easy to carry out several modifications and change on this basis for logical technical staff.Therefore, this specification be not intended to by
Shown in the present invention is confined to and in the specific structure and the scope of application, thus it is all it is all may be utilized it is corresponding modify with
And equivalent, belong to the applied the scope of the patents of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. optical device, which is characterized in that the pyramid including periodic arrangement in substrate and substrate；
The substrate is divided into superstructure and understructure, and the refractive index homogeneity of the superstructure is arranged and the folding with pyramid
Penetrate that rate is equal, the refractive index of the understructure is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, and the refractive index of the upper end of the understructure with
The refractive index of the superstructure is equal, and the refractive index of the lower end of the understructure is equal with the space medium below pyramid.
2. optical device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the shape of the cross section of the pyramid is polygon.
3. the optical device as described in claim 1-2 any one, which is characterized in that the material of the substrate and/or pyramid
Are as follows: the combination of one or more of dielectric material, metal material, phonon material, magnetic material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110412667B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2022-06-21 | 深圳市隆利科技股份有限公司 | Multilayer optical film |
| CN113314849A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-27 | 上海海事大学 | Periodic unit of metamaterial broadband wave absorber and metamaterial broadband wave absorber |
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| CN1688901A (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2005-10-26 | 日本瑞翁株式会社 | Lens array sheet |
| CN202258383U (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-05-30 | 南京南大波平电子信息有限公司 | Polyurethane foam pyramid absorbing material |
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