CN106322869B - The assemble method of refrigerant controller and refrigerant controller - Google Patents
The assemble method of refrigerant controller and refrigerant controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN106322869B CN106322869B CN201510361996.3A CN201510361996A CN106322869B CN 106322869 B CN106322869 B CN 106322869B CN 201510361996 A CN201510361996 A CN 201510361996A CN 106322869 B CN106322869 B CN 106322869B
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Abstract
A kind of refrigerant controller and its assemble method, the refrigerant controller includes the first component and second component, the refrigerant controller is connected with control unit, the control unit includes stepper drive control module, electronic relay, the stepper drive control module receives control signal, and electric current is transmitted to the first coil component according to the control signal, to control the spool movement of the first component；Another control signal transmits or does not transmit electric current to the second coil block to the electronic relay based on the received, to control the spool movement of second component；The arragement construction of communication line can be simplified so that the first component and second component are realized by the control unit and system control lines and connected by control unit while assembly and connection first coil component, the second coil block.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of refrigerant controller and the assemble methods of refrigerant controller, and in particular to a kind of right
The assemble method of refrigerant controller and refrigerant controller that refrigerant is controlled.
Background technique
In existing automotive air-conditioning system, it can be used using more environmentally friendly carbon dioxide as car air conditioner refrigerant.So
And carbon dioxide is with other refrigerants that there is many differences, specifically, carbon dioxide system efficiency is very dependent on being
The optimal flux control of the high-pressure and air cooler outlet temperature of controlling cryogen, carbon dioxide system is also to go out according to air cooler
Depending on mouth temperature and pressure, since the flow control of carbon dioxide system is more complicated, traditional mechanical expansion valve or section
Flow tube is difficult to the flow control being optimal, and can be used electric expansion valve as refrigerant controller at this time, is passed by pressure
Sensor and temperature sensor acquisition air cooler outlet pressure and temperature, by controller carry out operation after refrigeration system flow, because
This electric expansion valve is preferably carbon dioxide system restricting element.
The first component is mountable between liquid storage device and evaporator, is the high pressure of air-conditioning refrigeration system and point of low pressure
Boundary's point, the high pressure liquid refrigerant expenditure and pressure from liquid reservoir, regulation and control enters the liquid refrigerant in evaporator
Amount, is allowed to adapt to the variation of cooling load, the first component driving principle is control unit for vehicle by acquiring sensor
Obtained parameter is calculated, and issues regulating command to driving plate, is exported electric signal from driving plate to the first component, is then passed through
The rotation of coil drive first component rotor part realizes that needle moves up and down, adjusts first component valve port orifice size, thus real
Now to the control of refrigerant flow.First component combination second component, the two are used cooperatively in system in practical application, this second
Component is generally loaded on the pressure duct of air-conditioning system, which, which is powered or is powered off by its coil, can be realized valve port and open
It closes, to cope with the outage condition that vehicle surprisingly happens suddenly.The above first component, second component have coil independent, this two
A coil passes through respective adapter again and is connected to body harness, and wherein the interface of second component passes through connection power supply line and ground connection
Line is connected to body harness, and the first component is connect by another connecting communication route with automobile master controller, and line arrangement is more
Complicated and Product Assembly needs more manpower, cost enlarged relative.
Therefore, it is necessary to be improved to existing technology, to solve the above technical problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide refrigerant controller and refrigerant controls that one kind can simplify communication line arrangement
The assemble method of device processed.
To achieve the above object, refrigerant controller of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that a kind of refrigerant control dress
Set, including the first component and second component, the first component there is first coil component, controlled by the first coil component and
First spool of movement and the first valve port matched with first spool, the first spool are acted with respect to first valve port,
And then the aperture of the first valve port is controlled, the second component has the second coil block, is controlled and cut by second coil block
The second spool that is disconnected or opening coolant channel；The refrigerant controller is connected with control unit, and the control unit is simultaneously
The first, second component is connected, and the control unit includes stepper drive control module, relay, the stepper drive controls mould
Block receives first control signal, and the first coil component of the first component is given according to first control signal transmission electric current,
To control the first spool movement, the relay receives second control signal, and according to second control signal transmission or not
Electric current is transmitted to the second coil block of the second component, thus control the second spool movement.
The invention also discloses a kind of assemble methods of refrigerant controller, include the following steps:
Pedestal is provided, which forms refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet and be arranged in refrigerant inlet, export it
Between coolant channel, the pedestal is formed with the first, second installation cavity；
The body portion of the first component, including valve seat, thread transmission, rotor, the first spool, casing are provided, wherein
Valve seat centre forms valve port, and the thread transmission includes fixed part and moving part, by thread transmission
Fixed part is mutually assembled with valve seat；Above-mentioned rotor, the moving part of thread transmission and the first spool are assembled into assembly group
Part, or by the moving part of rotor, thread transmission, first fixation forms integral piece, then is assembled into assembly group with the first spool
Part；Then above-mentioned assembling assembly and valve seat are assembled, then casing is installed in valve seat, and fixes casing mutually with valve seat, then with institute
It states pedestal and carries out assembling fixation；Or the fixed part, valve seat and pedestal of above-mentioned thread transmission are first assembled, then will be above-mentioned
Assembling assembly and valve seat assembling are fixed, and then install fixed sleeving in the valve seat；
Second component, body portion, the second coil block including second component are provided, second coil block is formed
There is craft port；
The body portion of above-mentioned pedestal, second component and the first component is assembled, the first assembly parts are formed；
First coil component is provided, for matching with the body portion of the above-mentioned first component；
Control unit is provided, including insulation crust, the circuit substrate being fixed in insulation crust, is directed to first coil component
Stepper drive control module, for the second coil block setting electronic relay, the stepper drive control module and electricity
Electric relay is integrated in circuit substrate；
Above-mentioned first coil component, control unit are assembled, wherein control unit forms first port and first coil component
It is connected to each other, forms the second assembly parts；Or insulator foot and insulation lid are separately formed by insulation crust, first by First Line
Coil assembly and insulator foot are integrally formed, then assemble foregoing circuit substrate and insulator foot, then assemble fixed insulator foot and
Insulate lid, to form the second assembly parts；
Above-mentioned first assembly parts and the second assembly parts are assembled, first coil assembly set is attached to outside casing after assembling, and institute
It states control unit and second component also realizes that assembling cooperates, the control unit is formed with the above-mentioned of second port and control unit
Craft port plugs cooperation, so that the first component of the refrigerant controller, second component are connected along coolant channel
Setting.
Compared with prior art, refrigerant controller and its assemble method of the present invention make control device pass through control unit
Part while assembly and connection first coil component, the second coil block, so that the first component and second component pass through the control unit
It realizes and connects with system control lines, the arragement construction of communication line can be simplified.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Three-dimensional combination diagram of refrigerant controller of the present invention, and illustrates the refrigerant controller institute
The refrigerant system connection relationship diagram of application；
Fig. 2 is side cross sectional views of the refrigerant controller shown in Fig. 1 along line A-A；
Fig. 3 is the partial cutaway view schematic of refrigerant controller shown in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the perspective exploded view in refrigerant controller assembling process shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is the schematic cross-sectional view in refrigerant controller assembling process shown in Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is control unit and the first component coil of refrigerant controller shown in Fig. 2 and cuing open for the second coil block
Depending on decomposition diagram；
Fig. 7 is the partial enlargement diagram of refrigerant controller shown in Fig. 2；
Fig. 8 is a kind of schematic diagram of embodiment of control system of refrigerant controller of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the control system another embodiment of refrigerant controller of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the control system another embodiment of refrigerant controller of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the control system a further embodiment of refrigerant controller of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It please refers to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, present embodiment discloses a kind of refrigerant controller and refrigerant controller
Assemble method, which can be applied in the refrigeration systems such as automotive air-conditioning system, as shown in Figure 1 with titanium dioxide
Carbon is the automotive air-conditioning system of refrigerant.The refrigerant controller includes pedestal 1, the first component and for sharing the pedestal
Two components, refrigerant controller is refrigerant controller 100 in present embodiment, for carrying out throttling drop to refrigerant
Pressure, the refrigerant controller 100 are connected with control unit 4, and the control unit and the first component 2, second component 3 are electric respectively
Property connection, to control the movement of the first component 2 and second component 3.
The refrigeration system includes refrigerant controller 100, the compressor 200, cooling device by piping connection
300, vaporising device 400, Intermediate Heat Exchanger 500 and gas-liquid separator 600, Intermediate Heat Exchanger 500 can according to need selection
Property setting, with first runner and second flow channel；The refrigeration system inner refrigerant is via compressor 200, cooling device
300, the second flow channel of Intermediate Heat Exchanger 500 flows into refrigerant controller 100, the system flowed out from refrigerant controller 100
The first runner that cryogen flows through vaporising device 400, gas-liquid separator 600 and Intermediate Heat Exchanger 500 returns to compressor 200, tool
Body the outlet of the cooling device 300 be connected to 100 entrance of refrigerant controller by Intermediate Heat Exchanger, refrigerant controls
The outlet of device 100 is connected to the entrance of vaporising device 400, and the outlet of vaporising device 400 passes through above-mentioned gas-liquid separator, centre
The first runner of heat exchanger and the inlet communication of compressor 200, the outlet of compressor 200 are connected to the entrance of cooling device 300,
Certainly gas-liquid separator, Intermediate Heat Exchanger, i.e. cooling device 300 can also not used according to actual needs in other embodiments
Outlet be directly connected to the refrigerant inlet 102 of refrigerant controller 100, the outlet of vaporising device 400 directly with compression
The inlet communication of machine 200.The refrigerant controller 100 is used to adjust the refrigerant flow or truncation refrigeration of refrigeration system
Agent circulation, the refrigerant line of 100 two sides of refrigerant controller is respectively pressure duct, low pressure line；The centre is changed
Hot device 500 carries out supplement heat exchange to the high pressure of refrigerant controller two sides, low pressure line inner refrigerant, and system heat exchange can be improved
Efficiency, Intermediate Heat Exchanger is divided into corresponding two parts and exchanges heat on high-low pressure pipe road, does not circulate mutually；The gas-liquid separator
Gaseous refrigerant after 600 separable vaporising devices 400, makes the gaseous refrigerant return to compressor.
The refrigerant controller has integrally formed pedestal 1, and pedestal 1 includes above-mentioned first pedestal portion and second
Body portion；The first component 2 and second component 3 share the pedestal 1, wherein indicating the stream of refrigerant in pedestal 1 with broken line with the arrow
Path；By the way that the first, second pedestal portion to be wholely set, volume, the lightweight of control device can be reduced, and manufacture,
It is easy for installation.The first component described in present embodiment is the electronic throttle with throttling function, such as electric expansion valve 2,
Second component is electronic switch valve, such as solenoid valve 3, can also be other kinds of control refrigerant flow in other embodiments
Throttle valve or switch valve or throttle switch valve.The pedestal is formed with refrigerant inlet 101, refrigerant outlet 102 and sets
The coolant channel 103 between refrigerant inlet and outlet is set, the corresponding refrigerant controller 3 of the first component 2 goes out
Mouthful, the entrance of the corresponding refrigerant controller 100 of second component 3, along the first component 2 and second component described in the coolant channel
3 be in arranged in series, and specifically refrigerant passes sequentially through second component, the first component, and second component is set to high-pressure side refrigerant
Pipeline quick closedown can prevent refrigerant from continuing the downstream flow to refrigerant flow path so that refrigerant is truncated in a sudden situation；
When second component is opened, refrigerant flow is adjusted in the first component, carries out reducing pressure by regulating flow to refrigerant.
The first component 2 has body portion 201, the first coil component 21 assembled with 1 phase of pedestal, the body portion
Including rotor 22, the first spool 23, valve seat 24, thread transmission 25, casing 26 and adapter 27, wherein the valve seat 24 with
Thread connecting mode is fixed with 1 phase of pedestal, and the pedestal 1 has the first installation cavity 104 for accommodating the valve seat, 24 lower end of valve seat
The first valve port 241 matched with the first spool is formed, the first valve port 241 can also directly be set certainly in other embodiment
It is placed on pedestal 1, keeps coaxial between first spool 23 and the first valve port 241 substantially；The adapter 27 and valve
Seat 24 is fixed by interference fit, is in addition also possible to other fixed forms；The thread transmission 25 includes fixed part
Point and moving part, one of them is nut 251 for the fixed part, moving part, another is screw rod 252, specifically described
Fixed part (such as nut 251) is fixed by being interference fitted with 27 phase of adapter, the less high occasion of required precision can also
It is not provided with adapter 27, which fixes with 24 phase of valve seat；The moving part of the rotor 22 and thread transmission is (such as
Screw rod 252) assembling is fixed or is integrally formed fixation, and screw rod 252 is assembled as moving part and 23 phase of the first spool.The set
Directly or indirectly assembling is fixed for pipe 26 and valve seat 24, can be specifically connected and fixed by welding directly fixed or setting fixing piece 29
Casing and valve seat.It is fixedly connected with finite place piece 28 on the rotor, arresting lever 261, and arresting lever are fixedly connected on casing 26
Over-assemble has a guide member 262, and the first coil component 21 is powered, rotor 22 controlled by the electromagnetic force of the first coil component and
It is rotated, so that the first spool moves up and down under the action of screw thread, when locating part 28 arrives the upper limit with the movement of rotor 22
When, guide member 262, which limits locating part 28, to be continued to act, and can be limited the first spool and be continued up.
When assembling, the fixed part and valve seat 24 of the thread transmission are assembled；In addition, the rotor, screw-driven
The moving part of mechanism and the assembling of the first spool 23, form assembling assembly, or by rotor, the moving part of thread transmission
It is first fixed to form integral piece, then assembled with the first spool 23, form assembling assembly；Pass through the fixed part of thread transmission again
It is connected with moving part, so that the assembling assembly and 24 phase of valve seat assemble, then fixed sleeving 26 and valve seat 24, last
It rises and is installed on the pedestal 1；Described sleeve pipe 26 specifically can be by welding sealing that is mutually fixed and realizing connecting portion with valve seat 24.
The fixed part of the thread transmission, valve seat 24 and pedestal can first be assembled fixation in other embodiments, then pass through spiral shell
The above-mentioned assembling assembly of line transmission mechanism and valve seat 24, which are realized, to be assembled, and is then installed casing 26 and is fixed with 24 phase of valve seat, thus
The assembling for completing the body portion 201 of the first component is fixed, wherein between the valve seat and the fixed part of thread transmission
It can be fitted together indirectly by adapter；Sealed set such as passes through setting between the pedestal 1 and the valve seat 24 of the first component
Sealing ring, can leakproofness between lifting valve base and pedestal.
The second component 3 has mounted to the body portion 301 of pedestal 1, the second coil with body portion assembling
Component 31, the second coil block 31 can also be assembled with pedestal and be fixed；Wherein the body portion 301 of second component includes the second valve
The 32, second spool 33 of seat and valve pocket 34, the pedestal 1 have the second installation cavity 105 and the second valve for accommodating second valve seat 32
Corresponding second valve port 106 of core, specifically second valve seat 32 has the mounting hole 321 positioned at centre, self installation
The position-arresting part 322 of setting is protruded out on the inside of hole, the second spool 33 is set to valve pocket 34 and the second valve seat 32 is formed by installation space,
By valve pocket 34 abut position-arresting part 322, assembly when can relative positioning valve pocket 34, valve pocket and the second valve seat pass through welding after installation
Etc. modes be fixedly installed；Second spool 33 passes through mounting hole and protrudes from the setting of the second valve seat；Second valve seat 32 is logical
It crosses thread connecting mode to fix with 1 phase of pedestal, together with by the second spool 33, valve pocket 34 fixed with the second valve seat etc. and seat
Body 1 is fixed；One end of the valve pocket 34 is additionally provided with fixed part 35, and the fixed part and the fixed setting of valve pocket 34 are as solid in passed through welding
It is fixed；Fixed part can be process with the second spool using magnetic material such as soft magnetic material, be powered in the second coil block 31
When the second spool 33 by electromagnetic force influenced to fixed part direction act, make the one end of fixed part 35 inwardly and the second spool 33
It abuts against, the second coil block 31 is sheathed on valve pocket 34 and fixes by threaded fasteners 36 and 35 phase of fixed part, to complete
The assembling of second component 3, in addition the second coil block 31 is also possible to assemble with pedestal and fix；The pedestal 1 and the second valve seat
Sealed set between 32 can also be arranged between second coil block 31 and body portion 301 with opposing seal with water proof and dust proof etc..
This example second component 3 is normally closed Direct Action Type, and reset spring 37, the second spool are provided between fixed part 35 and the second spool 33
37 flexible deformation of reset spring when 33 movement, when the second coil block 31 is powered, it is multiple that electromagnetic force overcomes the second spool 33
The active force of position spring 37, compression reseting spring 37 are shunk, and the second spool 33 leaves the second valve port 106, open coolant channel；
When the second 31 power loss of coil block, electromagnetic force disappears, and reset spring 37 resets, and the second spool 33 compresses the second valve port 106, cuts
Disconnected refrigerant circulation；Second spool 33 of the second component 3 of the normally closed Direct Action Type can be in 31 power loss of the second coil block
When quick response, cut off refrigerant circuit, safety coefficient is high；Pilot-operated type second can also be used in certain other embodiments
Component to overcome higher pressure difference when reopening, or uses normally opened second component, and the second coil block is powered
When close coolant channel, power-off when open coolant channel, the refrigerant system work normally when save energy consumption, reduce
Electrical part heat dissipation capacity.
The first component 2 is in arranged in series along coolant channel with second component 3, and wherein second component 3 is close to refrigeration
Agent entrance 101 be arranged, specifically the second spool is positioned close at the coolant channel of refrigerant inlet, by the second spool from
It opens or close to the second valve port, openable or truncation coolant channel.The first component 2 is arranged close to refrigerant outlet 102, tool
Body the first valve port 241 be positioned close on the coolant channel at refrigerant outlet, the first spool is dynamic with respect to the first valve port 241
Make, and then controls the aperture of the first valve port 241.
The refrigerant circulation passage 103 includes entrance cavity 1031, connection chamber 1032, outlet plenum 1033；Pedestal further includes
First valve port installation cavity 1034；Wherein entrance cavity 1031 passes through the connection of the second installation cavity 105, connection chamber 1032 with chamber 1032 is connected to
It is connected to outlet plenum 1033 by the first installation cavity 104, the first valve port installation cavity 1034, i.e., described first installation cavity 104 and company
Cavity 1032 and the connection of the first valve port installation cavity 1034, the second installation cavity 105 and entrance cavity 1031 and are connected to the connection of chamber 1032；
First valve port installation cavity 1034 is connected to outlet plenum 1033.
Refrigerant circulation passage when being fully opened between the first spool 23 and the first valve port 241, at the first valve port 241
Circulation area be less than circulation area at entrance cavity 1031 and any one of the circulation area that is connected at chamber 1032, exist in this way
Refrigerant in pedestal refrigerant circulation passage generates throttling action only at the first valve port 241, is convenient for flow control in this way.
In the present embodiment, the axis perpendicular of the first installation cavity 104 and the second installation cavity 105 is arranged, connection chamber 1032 the first peace of connection
It behave affectedly 104 and second installation cavity 105；Such arrangement can make the structure of refrigerant controller as compact as possible, reduce system
The volume of cryogen control device 100 is assembled in system convenient for refrigerant controller 100；Certain first installation cavity 104 and
Two installation cavitys 105 can also be arranged in parallel, and can equally reach effect of the invention.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 8, the control unit 4 includes insulation crust 41, the driving control of circuit substrate 42, first
Molding block, the second control module, wherein insulation crust 41 includes insulator foot 411, insulation lid 412, and the two mutually assembles solid
It is fixed, or the insulation crust of integral structure can also be formed by integrated molding, the insulation crust 41 has receiving circuit base
The accommodating chamber 410 of plate 42, circuit substrate 42 are fixedly installed in insulation crust, first drive control module 401 be for
The stepper drive control module of first coil component setting, the second control module 402 is the electricity being arranged for the second coil block
Electric relay, the stepper drive control module 401 and the second control module 402 are integrally disposed in the circuit substrate 42.Institute
It states control unit 4 and is formed with first port 413, second port 414, third port 415, first port 413 and first coil group
Part 21 is mutually butted, and second port 414 is mutually butted with the second coil block 31, which forms craft port
311, which is used to match grafting with second port 414.The circuit substrate 42 respectively with first coil component 21,
Second coil block 31 is electrically connected, when control unit 4 is powered on, so that first drive control module and First Line
Coil assembly 21 carries out electric signal transmission, the second control module 402 and the second coil block 31 and carries out electric signal transmission.Assembling process
In, the pedestal 1, the body portion 201 of the first component and second component 3, which first assemble, forms the first assembly parts；Described first
Coil block 21 assembles fixed or is combined assembling mode to fix by being integrally formed with control unit 4, forms the second assembly parts；It connects
Above-mentioned first assembly parts of assembling and the second assembly parts, make 21 sets of first coil component to be attached to outside casing 26 after assembling, and institute
It states control unit 4 and second component 3 also realizes assembling cooperation, the second port 414 of the control unit and pair of second component
It connects port 311 and plugs cooperation, the first component, second component are in arranged in series along coolant channel；Finally by screw 6
First assembly parts of assembling and the second assembly parts are fixed, the screw 6 passes through the buckle ear of first component coil connection
211, then it is screwed into the fixation hole 11 that pedestal 1 is correspondingly arranged, complete being fixed to each other for the first, second assembly parts.
Specifically, the first coil component 21 is fixedly connected with the first conductive terminal 431, the first conductive terminal grafting electricity
When base board 42, it may make the first drive control module 401 is realized with above-mentioned first coil component 21 to be electrically connected.Described second
Coil block 31 is fixedly connected with the second conductive terminal 432, and the second port 414 is provided with above-mentioned docking conductive terminal 433,
Docking conductive terminal 433 be fixedly connected with welding manner or otherwise with circuit substrate 42, the docking conductive terminal and
When second conductive terminal contacts with each other, it may make the second control module 402 and the second coil block 31 are realized to be electrically connected；It is described
Third conductive terminal 434 is provided at third port 415, and the third conductive terminal 434 is fixedly connected with circuit substrate 42, it can
So that control unit 4 and Master controller 5 are realized and are electrically connected；Certainly above-mentioned lead can also be replaced with conductor cable (not shown)
Electric terminal, which is electrically connected between circuit substrate and first coil component, and/or person's circuit substrate and the second line
Between coil assembly.
The control unit 4 is used to be connected to the Master controller 5 of automotive air-conditioning system, which can
Control program for refrigerant controller master controller or vehicle main control device, refrigerant controller 100 can be stored in
In refrigerant controller master controller or vehicle main control device.Embodiment as shown in Figure 8, the control unit 4 are also set
Central processing module 403 is set, which is also disposed on circuit substrate, and the central processing module is responsible for connecing
It receives and parses control information from Master controller 5, send out the first control signal S1 for the first component 2 after parsing
It gives the first drive control module 401, record or stores the current opening information of the first component 2, second will be directed to after parsing
The second control signal S2 of component 3 is sent to the current position state of the second control module 402, record or storage second component,
If refrigerant controller breaks down, Master controller can be according to record or storage information to the first component, second
Part is addressed, is convenient for fault diagnosis；Further, first drive control module 401 receives first control signal S1,
And electric current is transmitted to the first coil component 21, thus control the first spool 23 movement, institute according to first control signal S1
It states the second control module 402 and receives second control signal S2, and transmit according to the second control signal or do not transmit electric current to institute
The second coil block 31 is stated, thus control the second spool 33 movement.Another embodiment as shown in Figure 8 can also pass through outside
Central processing module 501 is arranged in master controller 5, which is responsible for receiving input signal and/or sensor signal, warp
Operation generate be directed to the first component 2 first control signal S1, and be sent to control unit 4 the first drive control module 401,
The current opening information of record or the storage first component 2 sends the second control signal S2 for second component 3 after parsing
To the second control module 402, record or storage second component current position state；Further, first drive control module
401 receive first control signal S1, and transmit electric current to the first coil component 21 according to first control signal S1, thus
The movement of the first spool 23 is controlled, second control module 402 receives second control signal S2, and according to the second control signal
Transmission or not electric current to second coil block 31, thus control the second spool 33 movement.
Invention additionally discloses the control system of above-mentioned refrigerant controller 100, which includes first corresponding
Second control module 402 of the first drive control module 401, corresponding second component setting that part 2 is arranged is used to be refrigerant control
Device 100 processed provides the central processing module 403 of control signal, can be real by control signal provided by the central processing module
The control that now first component 2, second component 3 are acted.Specifically drive control mould can be used in first drive control module
Block 401, the central processing module 403 is responsible for receiving and parsing through control information from Master controller, will be after parsing
Control signal for controlling the first component is sent to stepper drive control module, record or the current aperture for storing the first component
The control signal for being used to control second component after parsing is sent to the second control module, record or storage second by information
Part current position state；Central processing module described in certain other embodiments can also be provided by peripheral control unit, at this time should
Central processing module is responsible for receiving that input signal and/or sensor signal, then operation is generated to the first component, second component
Signal is controlled, then operation generates the control signal for being directed to the first component；The stepper drive control module 401 is responsible for receiving institute
Described in the coil stated the control signal that central processing module comes to first component control, and be supplied to the first component meets
Central processing module comes the electric current of the control semaphore request controlled the first component, such as power on signal or power-off signal, wherein
Power on signal specifically can also control signal for high-voltage electricity, low tension controls signal etc.；It can for the control signal of second component
It controls second component to be powered or power off, so that second component is in the open state when the first component is throttled, in emergency situations
Down so that second component is closed so that refrigerant circulation is truncated.
Specifically second control module can be used relay or electronic relay module or field-effect module, it is described in
Heart processing module 403 is electrically connected the second control module, and control unit 4 includes being electrically connected at the second control module and the second line
Controlled output circuit between coil assembly, second control module makes controlled output electricity under the control of second control signal
Road opens or closes, to may make second component 3 to be powered or power off by controlling relay.Second control module it is defeated
When entering amount (such as voltage, electric current, temperature) and reaching specified value, controlled output circuit corresponding to circuit substrate is turned on or off,
When the voltage input amount of the second control module is 0 in present embodiment, it is controlled output circuit and disconnects, the power-off of the second coil block,
When voltage input amount is 5v, it is controlled output circuit conducting, the second coil block is powered.
As shown in figure 9, the controlled output circuit is powered under high-voltage electricity, low tension respectively, the second component 3 is in height
Piezoelectricity works on power when inputting, the second component 3 maintains work when low tension inputs；Second control module 402 is wrapped
The first electronic relay 4021, the second electronic relay 4022 are included, first electronic relay, the second electronic relay electrically connect
The second coil block 31 is connect, the output circuit of second electronic relay 4022 is connected to first by the way that diode 4023 is arranged
On the output circuit of electronic relay 4021, which makes electric current forward conduction, reversed cut-off, guarantees that electric current is normal
Input the second coil block 31；The control unit further includes power module 4024, and the high-voltage electricity inputs the power module
4024, which exports low tension, and the high-voltage electricity inputs the first electronic relay, passes through the first electronics relay
Device inputs high-voltage electricity to the second coil block, and the low tension exported from power module 4024 distinguishes input center processing module
403, the second electronic relay, by second electronic relay 4022 to the second coil block provide low-tension supply, it is described in
Heart processing module controls the on or off of the first electronic relay 4021 and the second electronic relay 4022.The second component 3 is logical
When electric, second component 3 can control to open when inputting high-voltage electricity for the control signal of second component 3, or controllable second
Component is kept open when inputting low tension, to reduce the energy consumption that second component maintains open state, can also reduce control
Heat caused by component energization, prevents temperature in control unit excessively high in component；The high-voltage electricity is direct current, such as 12 volts
High-voltage electricity is converted to low tension by setting power module by direct current, direct current, which is the number on circuit substrate
Circuit provides power supply, such as 5 volts of electric currents.
Drive module 4010 can also be separately provided in other embodiments as shown in Figure 10, the control unit 4, and at this time first
Drive control module 401 is responsible for receiving first control signal S1, and drive module 4010 is according to first control signal S1 requirement
Electric current is transmitted to first coil component 21, thus control the first spool movement.The first coil component 21 includes A phase coil, B
Phase coil, the first control signal S1 that first drive control module receives include the stepping-in amount information for controlling the first component
With motor driven directional information, which is supplied to described in the A phase, the curent change satisfaction of B phase coil
The current value of the requirement of stepping-in amount and motor driven direction, same A phase coil and B phase coil is through the first drive control module 401
It is transmitted to the central processing module 403.
When the control program of refrigerant controller is stored in vehicle main control device, the refrigerant controller and
Communication between vehicle main control device is connected by serial network, such as Local Interconnect Network (Local Interconnect
Network, LIN) signal realization connection.The refrigeration system includes above-mentioned refrigerant controller 100 and control unit 4,
The refrigeration system can be applied to automotive air-conditioning system, and embodiment control unit 4 as shown in Figure 7 connects LIN bus by LIN line
It is communicated, transmission signal is LIN signal, naturally it is also possible to by other means as pulse width modulates (Pulse Width
Modulation, PMW) mode carries out signal connection.The control unit further includes LIN signal transmitting and receiving module 404, the LIN
Signal transmitting and receiving module is set to the circuit substrate, which has conducting channel (not shown), the circuit substrate
Circuit is electrically connected central processing module 403 and LIN signal transmitting and receiving module, to realize central processing module and LIN signal transmitting and receiving
Signal transmission between module；The conducting channel of the circuit substrate is electrically connected the central processing module 403 and the first driving
Control module 401, to realize, signal is transmitted between the two；The circuit of the circuit substrate is electrically connected the central processing module
403 and second control module 402, to realize, signal is transmitted between the two.The LIN signal transmitting and receiving module receives LIN bus mistake
It is sent to the central processing module 403 after the voltage level conversion for the digital signal come and receives and transmits at the center
The signal that reason module 403 sends over.The LIN signal transmitting and receiving module 401 receives the signal packet in LIN bus by LIN line
Control signal S1, S2 for the first component and second component are included, which includes that the first component to be arrived
Opening amount signal, the second component reached opens or closes signal；The central processing module 403 will control the first component movement
Information be supplied to first drive control module 401, the central processing module 403 according to second component current state and
The control information whether second component acts is supplied to the second control module 402, the second control mould by the new state to be reached
By being powered or powering off, control second component is turned on or off block.
Another embodiment as shown in figure 11, the master controller central processing module 501 of automotive air-conditioning system is realized above-mentioned
The function of refrigeration system central processing module 403, for controlling refrigerant controller 100.5 conduct of Master controller
The center of air conditioning for automobiles control also controls related various modules with air conditioning for automobiles is implemented comprising other, herein only symbolically
Illustrate part related to the present invention, the automotive air-conditioning system further includes input processor 701, communication interface 702, driver
703, wherein input processor 701 is for receiving the various switch control signals inputted from Air-Conditioning Control Panel and/or air-conditioning system
The signal that the various sensors arranged in road under the overall leadership detect, to received various switch control signals and/or sensor signal into
Output is to the Master controller central processing module 501 after row processing or conversion；Communication interface 702 is for receiving Che Shangqi
The signal that his module issues such as engine rotational speed signal, rotation speed of fan signal, and sends the master controller center processing mould to
Block 501；Switch control signal and/or the sensor letter that the central processing module 501 inputs after being handled according to input processor
Number, and through communication interface input signal institute is obtained after operation in conjunction with the control program and information stored in memory
State first component opening information to be reached, second component position to be achieved；The central processing module 501 is to driving
Device 703 exports corresponding control signal to realize the action control of air door, blower fan module.
The first component 2 of the present invention, second component 3 are led to by control unit 4 with Master controller 5 as described above
News can reduce the external interface of refrigerant controller, simplify perimeter circuit arrangement, reduce volume, to simplify overall structure；
The first component, second component are addressed since Master controller can record or store information according to central processing module,
Refrigerant controller can carry out fault diagnosis when breaking down.The base of the refrigerant controller 100 and its refrigeration system
This working principle is Master controller 5 to automobile air conditioner control system input information, sensor acquisition information and Body Control
Information such as module etc. are calculated, and issue control instruction to control unit 4, by control unit 4 to the first component 2 and second
3 input electrical signal of part, under electric signal effect, first coil component 21 drives rotor rotation, realizes the movement of the first spool 23, adjusts
The gap between the first spool and the first valve port is saved, to realize the adjusting to refrigerant flow, second control module exists
Electric signal effect is lower so that the second coil block is powered or power-off, to control the second spool movement of second component.
The control method of refrigerant controller 100 of the present invention is to pass through preset control process control refrigerant control
Device 100 processed acts, and by setting control unit 4 by the first of the corresponding input refrigerant controller of the control program, the
Two components reach the optimization of the structure to refrigerant controller 100；The control method is with the hair of refrigerant controller 100
It is illustrated when raw following situations:
When vehicle breaks down and leads to unexpected power loss in the course of work, one of be used as of the first, second component is opened
Refrigerant circulation can be truncated by closing valve, and specifically second component 3 is used as switch valve, and solenoid valve such as can be used, can lead to refrigerant control
In the case where the unexpected power loss of device 100 processed, 3 power loss of second component, the second spool 33 closes system under the driving of reset spring 37
Refrigerant flow conduit, height compression refrigerant are separated at the second spool, realize the function of closing refrigerant circulation；In this case,
If second component 3 is the lesser Direct Action Type of coil drive power, can overcome in system pressure lack of equilibrium to second component unlatching
Pressure difference before, second component 3 itself is without being again turned on ability.When accident occurs for vehicle, if second component 3 does not lose
Electricity can also realize the closing of valve by the quick closedown function of the first component 2 itself, and refrigerant circulation passage is truncated.
Working normally, close vehicle motor when or vehicle operation in, according to vehicle air conditioner input switch
When controlling signal unlatching air-conditioning system, power loss program is inputted by the first component 2 and second component 3 by control unit 4；Specifically
Ground when key-off engine, by Vehicular battery, still maintains to power to first coil component 21 and the second coil block 31；
During this, the first spool 23 discharges high-pressure from normal operation to maximum opening；When high-low pressure reaches flat
Weighing apparatus, or reach after second component 3 opens the pressure difference that can overcome, 3 power loss of the first component 2 and second component, at this time second
Component 3 is in close state, and the first component 2 is in the state of initialization program requirement.
It in normal starting, is powered on first to the second coil block 31 of second component 3, then, on the first component 2
Electricity.In this way, second component 3 is opened under zero pressure difference state, it is only necessary to overcome the return spring force of very little, the second line
Coil assembly 31 can be designed very little, greatly reduce the energy consumption of second component 3.The first component 2 can be adopted by pressure sensor
Collect refrigerant pressure, and then by Master controller carry out operation after, will control opening information by control unit input, with
Control refrigerant flow.
It includes the control unit that the Master controller, which controls the control process that second component powers on by control unit,
The central processing module of part controls the on or off of the first, second electronic relay；
Wherein when electrifying startup, the central processing module controls the first electronic relay and opens, and the second electronic relay closes,
It is electrically activated so that second component leads to high pressure, opens refrigerant circulation；It is spaced the predetermined time after powering on, central processing module control the
One electronic relay closes, and the second electronic relay is opened, so that second component, which leads to low tension, is maintained open state.
The assemble method of refrigerant controller of the present invention, includes the following steps:
Pedestal 1 is provided, which forms refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet and setting in refrigerant inlet, outlet
Between coolant channel, the pedestal is formed with the first, second installation cavity；
The body portion 201 of the first component, including valve seat, thread transmission, rotor, the first spool, casing are provided,
Middle valve seat centre forms valve port, and the thread transmission includes fixed part and moving part, by thread transmission
Fixed part mutually assembled with valve seat；Above-mentioned rotor, the moving part of thread transmission and the first spool are assembled into assembly
Component, or by the moving part of rotor, thread transmission, first fixation forms integral piece, then is assembled into assembly with the first spool
Component；Then above-mentioned assembling assembly and valve seat are assembled, then casing is installed in valve seat, and fix casing mutually with valve seat, then with
The pedestal carries out assembling fixation；Or the fixed part, valve seat and pedestal of above-mentioned thread transmission are first assembled, then will be upper
It states assembling assembly and valve seat assembling is fixed, then fixed sleeving is installed in the valve seat；
Second component 3, body portion, the second coil block including second component, the second coil block shape are provided
At there is craft port；
The body portion 201 of above-mentioned pedestal 1, second component 3 and the first component is assembled, the first assembly parts are formed；
First coil component 21 is provided, for matching with the body portion of the above-mentioned first component；
Control unit 4 is provided, including insulation crust, the circuit substrate being fixed in insulation crust, is directed to first coil group
The stepper drive control module of part, for the second coil block setting electronic relay, the stepper drive control module with
Electronic relay is integrated in circuit substrate；
Above-mentioned first coil component 21, control unit 4 are assembled, wherein control unit forms first port and first coil group
Part is connected to each other, and forms the second assembly parts；Or insulator foot and insulation lid are separately formed by insulation crust, first by first
Coil block and insulator foot are integrally formed, then assemble foregoing circuit substrate and insulator foot, then assemble fixed insulator foot
And insulation lid, to form the second assembly parts；
Above-mentioned first assembly parts and the second assembly parts are assembled, first coil assembly set is attached to outside casing after assembling, and institute
It states control unit and second component also realizes that assembling cooperates, the control unit is formed with the above-mentioned of second port and control unit
Craft port plugs cooperation, so that the first component of the refrigerant controller, second component are connected along coolant channel
Setting.
It should be understood that above embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention and not limit technical side described in the invention
Case, although this specification is referring to the above embodiments, the present invention has been described in detail, the common skill of this field
Art personnel should be appreciated that person of ordinary skill in the field still can modify or equivalently replace the present invention, and
All do not depart from the technical solution and its improvement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, should all cover in scope of the presently claimed invention
It is interior.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of refrigerant controller, including the first component and second component, the first component have first coil component,
By the first coil component controlled and the first spool acted and the first valve port matched with first spool, the first valve
Core is acted with respect to first valve port, and then controls the aperture of the first valve port, and the second component has the second coil block, by this
Second coil block controls and is truncated or opens the second spool of coolant channel；
It is characterized by: the refrigerant controller is connected with control unit, which connects first, second simultaneously
Part, and the control unit includes stepper drive control module, relay, the stepper drive control module receives the first control letter
Number, and electric current is transmitted to the first coil component of the first component, thus the first spool of control according to the first control signal
Movement, the relay receive second control signal, and are transmitted according to the second control signal or do not transmit electric current to described the
Second coil block of two components, thus control the second spool movement；The control unit includes insulation crust, circuit substrate,
The circuit substrate is fixedly installed in the insulation crust, and the control unit is formed with first port, the first port with
The first coil component is mutually butted, and the first coil component and the control unit form the second assembly parts, the control
Component processed includes second port, which is mutually butted with second coil block, which forms pair
Port is connect, which is used to match grafting with the second port.
2. refrigerant controller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the control unit include circuit substrate,
The central processing module being integrated on circuit substrate, the stepper drive control module, relay are also integrated in the circuit base
Plate, the central processing module is for receiving and parsing through the control information from master controller, by the control signal being resolved to point
Not Shu Ru stepper drive control module, relay, the circuit substrate is disposed with circuit, and the circuit is electrically connected the stepping
Drive control module and first coil component, to realize that the electric current between the stepper drive control module and first coil component passes
Defeated, the circuit is electrically connected the relay and the second coil block, to realize between relay and the second coil block
Electric current transmission.
3. refrigerant controller according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the circuit substrate forms controlled output electricity
Road, the relay control the controlled output circuit power-off or are powered in high-voltage electricity or are powered under low tension；It is described after
Electric appliance is electronic relay module or field-effect module, which includes the first electronic relay, the second electricity
Electric relay, first electronic relay, the second electronic relay be electrically connected the second coil block, second electronics after
The output circuit of electric appliance is connected on the output circuit of the first electronic relay by the way that diode is arranged, and the control unit also wraps
Power module is included, the high-voltage electricity inputs the power module, and the power module exports low tension, the high-voltage electricity input first
Electronic relay inputs the second coil block by the high-voltage electricity of first electronic relay, described in power module output
Low tension distinguishes input center processing module, the second electronic relay, gives the second coil block by second electronic relay
Low tension is provided, the central processing module controls the on or off of the first electronic relay and the second electronic relay.
4. refrigerant controller according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: the control unit includes fixed electricity
The insulation crust of base board, the insulation crust are structure as a whole or are arranged insulator foot and insulation lid and by the insulation
Pedestal, insulation lid are mutually assembled fixed and are formed, and the insulation crust has the accommodating chamber of receiving circuit substrate, circuit substrate
It is relatively fixed in the accommodating chamber of insulation crust.
5. refrigerant controller according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that: the refrigerant control dress
It sets including pedestal, which forms two installation cavitys to install the body portion of the first component, second component, the pedestal shape respectively
At refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet, the coolant channel between refrigerant outlet and entrance, in the coolant channel
On refrigerant flow path, the first component and second component are arranged in series, and the second spool of the second component is positioned close to
At the coolant channel of refrigerant inlet, the body portion of the second component is provided with the second valve corresponding with the second spool
Mouthful, the second spool leaves or close to the second valve port, to open or be truncated coolant channel；First valve port of the first component is set
It sets on the coolant channel at refrigerant outlet, the first spool is acted with respect to the first valve port, and then controls the first valve port
Aperture.
6. refrigerant controller according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the pedestal includes the first pedestal portion and the
Two pedestal portions, the first component are integrated by sharing pedestal with the second component, are provided on the pedestal
Coolant channel, the first installation cavity, the second installation cavity and the first valve port installation cavity；The coolant channel include entrance cavity,
It is connected to chamber, outlet plenum；First installation cavity is connected to chamber and the first valve port installation cavity connection with described；Second valve
Core can move that second installation cavity is made to be connected to or be truncated with the entrance cavity and the chamber that is connected to；First valve
Mouth installation cavity is connected to the outlet plenum, the first component installation cavity.
7. refrigerant controller according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the circuit substrate and first coil component
Between by setting the first conductive terminal or conductor cable be electrically connected, first conductive terminal or conductor cable transmission it is above-mentioned
Stepper drive control module is supplied to the electric current of the first coil component, the second component be connected with the second conductive terminal or
Conductor cable, second conductive terminal or conductor cable transmit the electricity that the electronic relay is supplied to second coil block
Stream.
8. refrigerant controller according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the control unit formation first port,
Second port, first port are mutually butted with first coil component, and second port is mutually butted with the second coil block, the step
When realizing electric connection by circuit substrate into drive control module and above-mentioned first coil component, first conductive terminal or
Conductor cable is located at first port, and the electronic relay and above-mentioned second coil block pass through circuit substrate and the second conducting end
Son or conductor cable and realize electric connection, second conductive terminal or conductor cable are located at second port.
9. refrigerant controller according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: there is second coil block docking to lead
Electric terminal, when the docking conductive terminal is in contact with the second conductive terminal, the two is located at second port；The control unit is also
Including third port, the circuit substrate and above-mentioned master controller are electrically connected by being provided with third conductive terminal, and described the
Three conductive terminals are located at third port to be electrically connected the master controller.
10. refrigerant controller according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: be integrated with receipts on the circuit substrate
Module is sent out, which receives the control information from above-mentioned master controller, and is transferred to central processing module and is parsed
Processing, and be responsible for the feedback information stored by master controller dispatching centre processing module, the feedback information includes first
The current state information of the current opening information of part, second component.
11. refrigerant controller according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the control unit includes circuit substrate,
The stepper drive control module and electronic relay are integrated in the circuit substrate, are set to the center processing mould of master controller
Block generates above-mentioned control signal through operation, the control signal that operation is obtained for receiving input signal and/or sensor signal
It is sent respectively to stepper drive control module, electronic relay, the circuit substrate is disposed with circuit, and the circuit is electrically connected
The stepper drive control module and first coil component, to realize between the stepper drive control module and first coil component
Electric current transmission, the circuit is electrically connected the electronic relay and the second coil block, to realize electronic relay and second
Electric current transmits between coil block.
12. refrigerant controller according to claim 11, it is characterised in that: the control of the refrigerant controller
Program is stored in refrigerant controller master controller or vehicle main control device, the refrigerant controller and vehicle master
Communication between controller passes through Local Interconnect Network signal or pulse width modulating signal.
13. refrigerant controller according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: sealing ring is equipped at the second port,
The sealing ring realizes the two sealing cooperation between the control unit and the second coil block.
14. a kind of assemble method of refrigerant controller, includes the following steps:
Pedestal is provided, which forms refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet and be arranged between refrigerant inlet, outlet
Coolant channel, the pedestal are formed with the first, second installation cavity；
The body portion of the first component, including valve seat, thread transmission, rotor, the first spool, casing are provided, wherein valve seat
Centre forms valve port, and the thread transmission includes fixed part and moving part, by the fixation of thread transmission
Part is mutually assembled with valve seat；Above-mentioned rotor, the moving part of thread transmission and the first spool are assembled into assembling assembly, or
By the moving part of rotor, thread transmission, first fixation forms integral piece to person, then is assembled into assembling assembly with the first spool；It connects
The above-mentioned assembling assembly of assembling and valve seat, then casing is installed in valve seat, and fix casing mutually with valve seat, then with the pedestal
Carry out assembling fixation；Or the fixed part, valve seat and pedestal of above-mentioned thread transmission are first assembled, then by above-mentioned assembly group
Part and valve seat assembling are fixed, and then install fixed sleeving in the valve seat；
Second component, body portion, the second coil block including second component are provided, second coil block is formed with pair
Connect port；
The body portion of above-mentioned pedestal, second component and the first component is assembled, the first assembly parts, the first assembly parts packet are formed
Include the craft port；
First coil component is provided, for matching with the body portion of the above-mentioned first component；
Control unit is provided, including insulation crust, the circuit substrate being fixed in insulation crust, for the step of first coil component
Into drive control module, for the electronic relay of the second coil block setting, the stepper drive control module and electronics after
Electric appliance is integrated in circuit substrate；
Above-mentioned first coil component, control unit are assembled, wherein it is opposite with first coil component to form first port for control unit
It connects, forms the second assembly parts, the control unit includes second port；Or insulator foot is separately formed by insulation crust
With insulation lid, first first coil component and insulator foot is integrally formed, then assemble foregoing circuit substrate and insulator foot, is connect
Assemble fixed insulator foot and insulation lid, to form the second assembly parts；
Above-mentioned first assembly parts and the second assembly parts are assembled, first coil assembly set is attached to outside casing after assembling, and the control
Component processed and second component also realize assembling cooperation, and the second port and the above-mentioned craft port of the second coil block plug
Cooperation, so that the first component of the refrigerant controller, second component are arranged in series along coolant channel.
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| CN110474126B (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2021-02-09 | 浙江三花汽车零部件有限公司 | Integrated assembly |
| CN110500823A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-26 | 盾安汽车热管理科技有限公司 | Combination valve and its control method and refrigeration system |
| CN112539577B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-04-22 | 日波洛化学品(浙江)有限公司 | Refrigerant control device and use method thereof |
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| CN103968621A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-06 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | Electronic expansion valve and automotive air-conditioning system |
| CN104455649A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-03-25 | 三一重型装备有限公司 | Intrinsic safety proportional electromagnetic valve drive module, intrinsic safety proportional control system and mining equipment |
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| JP2000213660A (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2000-08-02 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Electronic expansion valve for refrigerating cycle |
| FR2821915B1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2004-03-05 | App S Electro Mecaniques Du Fa | GAS FLOW CONTROL AND SECURITY DEVICE |
| JP6149239B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-06-21 | 株式会社テージーケー | Control valve for variable capacity compressor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103968621A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-06 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | Electronic expansion valve and automotive air-conditioning system |
| CN104455649A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-03-25 | 三一重型装备有限公司 | Intrinsic safety proportional electromagnetic valve drive module, intrinsic safety proportional control system and mining equipment |
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