CN106317553A - High-strength cartridge igniter and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength cartridge igniter and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106317553A CN106317553A CN201610665800.4A CN201610665800A CN106317553A CN 106317553 A CN106317553 A CN 106317553A CN 201610665800 A CN201610665800 A CN 201610665800A CN 106317553 A CN106317553 A CN 106317553A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/22—Elements for controlling or guiding the detonation wave, e.g. tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/18—Applications used for pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/062—HDPE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/066—LDPE (radical process)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength cartridge igniter and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength cartridge igniter comprises a cartridge igniter body which is prepared by an inorganic nano-powder and (or) organic oligomer modifier modified polyethylene material, the inorganic nano-powder and (or) organic oligomer modifier modified polyethylene material comprises the raw materials of, by weight, 70-90 parts of high-density polyethylene, 30-40 parts of low-density polyethylene, 30-50 parts of inorganic nano-powder and (or) organic oligomer modifier, 2-6 parts of coupling agent, 4-8 parts of antiaging agent and 3-5 parts of dispersing agent. The preparation method is simple, the cost is low, the high-strength cartridge igniter is suitable for industrial production, and good social and economic benefits can be brought out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to detonator preparing technical field, particularly relate to high strength detonating tube and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Outer plastics (PE) detonator of Present Domestic manufactures production method mainly two kinds, and the first is domestic most common list
Platform extrusion monolayer common detonator manufacturing technology, advantage is: low cost, process are ripe；Shortcoming is: tension intensity
The problem such as little, detonator is soft, construction is inconvenient, the second is abroad to introduce the double-deck detonator production technology as representative, and this
Planting double-deck detonator production technology divides again two classes, a class to be that secondary operations, the most greatly pipe box tubule reach to strengthen and change outer layer
Big tubing matter reaches high strength detonating tube or functional product, such as: oil-resisting type, heat-resistance type, high strength type, improves detonator simultaneously
Rigidity, convenient construction.Another kind of is that an extruder is first extruded little tubing, passed through traction machine through second extruder pair the most again
Coating enhancement process carried out by little tube surfaces bag, the shortcoming that this kind of double-deck detonator produces equipment manufacturing technology be product cost high,
Detonator apparatus expensive, process route are long.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem existed based on background technology, the present invention proposes high strength detonating tube and preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme is that and be achieved in that:
High strength detonating tube, the raw material of weight portion is as follows:
Preferably, one or more during described modifying agent is inorganic nanometer powder, organic oligomer thing.
Preferably, high strength detonating tube according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described inorganic nanometer powder is
One or more in nano level light calcium carbonate, nano silicon oxide, nano-cerium oxide, nano zine oxide.
Preferably, during described organic oligomer thing is oligomer polyethylene, oligomer polyisobutylene, oligomer isoprene
One or more.
Preferably, the proportioning of described inorganic nanometer powder and organic oligomer thing is 0-10:10-0.
Preferably, the optimal proportion of described inorganic nanometer powder and organic oligomer thing is 1:1.
Preferably, described age resister is retardant POE compound material, and described retardant POE compound material includes the raw material of following weight portion:
Vistanex: 55-65 part；
Octene: 35-45 part.
Preferably, described coupling agent uses titanate coupling agent, silane coupler, aluminate coupling agent, phosphate ester coupling
One in agent, boric acid ester coupler.
Preferably, the one during described dispersant uses acrylate, butyl stearate, Polyethylene Glycol.
Described ionic liquid, for 1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazol(e) hexafluorophosphate, 1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazol(e) Tetrafluoroboric acid
Salt, 1-methyl-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole hexafluorophosphate, 1-methyl-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-3-hexyl imidazolium
Hexafluorophosphate, 1-methyl-3-hexyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethyl imidazol(e) hexafluorophosphate, 1,2-bis-
Methyl-3-ethyl imidazol(e) tetrafluoroborate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole hexafluorophosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butyl miaow
Azoles tetrafluoroborate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hexyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hexyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate,
N-ethylpyridine hexafluorophosphate, N-ethylpyridine tetrafluoroborate, N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate, N-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoro
Any one or more in borate, N-hexyl pyridine hexafluorophosphate and N-hexyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborate salt.
The invention allows for the preparation method of high strength detonating tube, comprise the steps:
S1, is put into modifying agent in the baking oven that temperature is 80-100 DEG C, is dried process 4-6h；
S2, mixes 15-20min with remaining component in high-speed mixer high speed by dried modifying agent, is mixed
Material；
S3, plastifies mixed material；
S4, is squeezed in the die head of extruder after drying by the mixed material plastified, then extrusion single layer hollow base
Pipe, then passes through die head endoporus uniform adhesion on base inside pipe wall by fine explosive powder；
S5, carries out cooling and shaping to the base pipe having adhered to fine explosive powder；
S6, heats the base pipe in S5 and stretches；
S7, carries out cooling and shaping by the base pipe after stretching, is dried；
S8, by the detonator rolling after sizing.
Preferably, in S3, described plasticization temperature is 180-220 DEG C, and described fusion time is 5-10min.
Preferably, in S4, described extruder is a single layer extruder.
Preferably, in S7, the external diameter of the detonator after described cooling and shaping is 2.8-3.0mm.
Preferably, in S8, the rolling speed of described detonator is 90-120m/min.
The present invention compared with prior art, the Advantageous Effects having:
1. the present invention will use Low Density Polyethylene and the high density polyethylene (HDPE) carrier as inorganic nanometer powder, it is possible to has
Reducing cost and not affecting the mechanical property of goods of effect, uses inorganic nano material, and its granule is little, is easily uniformly dispersed,
Plastic can play a kind of skeleton function, the stability of plastic size is had very great help, improve the pulling force of goods
Intensity；Use organic oligomer thing, it is therefore an objective to prevent the issuable detonator hardening phenomenon because of the introducing of inorganic nano material,
Lustrous surface and the profile pattern of goods can also be improved, add titanate coupling agent, the chain alkyl in titanate esters structure
The surface energy at inorganic matter interface can be changed, make viscosity degradation, make the composite of high filler loading capacity demonstrate good melt flow
Dynamic property；Add age resister retardant POE compound material, the narrow molecular weight distribution of retardant POE compound material, there is preferable mobility and polyene
Hydrocarbon phase capacitive is good, and good mobility can improve the dispersion effect of filler, it is possible to improve shock extent and the extension at break of goods
Rate, facilitates the soft construction of goods, meanwhile, has unsaturated double-bond in retardant POE compound material molecule structure, has excellent ageing-resistant
Performance.
2. ionic liquid be a kind of be the ionic compound of liquid condition in room temperature or near room temperature.Ionic liquid self
The special construction feature being had, as asymmetric, has electric charge, polyfunctional group etc. so that its interfacial property and structure are with conventional
System can be very different.In Component System, the interpolation of ionic liquid, reduces the interfacial tension between solid phase and solid phase, modifying agent
It is more easy to mix homogeneously with polyethylene so that modified poly ethylene performance improves further, and, ionic liquid is collaborative with dispersant to be made
With, contribute to the row of microemulsion environment in system and become, solve solid scattered technical barrier；On the other hand, ionic liquid
Application, improves the fusing flow rate of system.
3. the manufacture method of the present invention is simple, and one-shot forming is with low cost, it is easy to industrialized production, can bring good
Social and economic benef@.
4. the detonator that prepared by the present invention has the anti-external interference energy such as tension, wear-resistant, water resistant, folding, oil resistant and heatproof
Power, detonation stability, after detonation, detonator is not bored a hole, and external diameter is 2.80nm-3.00mm；Explosion velocity is 1946m s-1-1972m·
s-1；When (20 ± 5) DEG C, tensile property is not less than 250N；Water repelling property is good, detonates normal in the 2m depth of water after soaking 24h,
Without perforation, appearance is normal；There is good oil-resistant characteristic, under (80 ± 5) DEG C, 0.03MPa pressure, soak 24h with 0# diesel oil
After detonate normal, without perforation；(95 ± 5) DEG C hot water soaked after 48 hours, after detonate normal, without perforation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is explained orally further.
Embodiment 1
High strength detonating tube, including the raw material of following weight portion:
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
S1, is put into modifying agent in the baking oven that temperature is 80 DEG C, is dried process 4h；
S2, mixes 15min with remaining component in high-speed mixer high speed by dried modifying agent, obtains mixture
Material；
S3, plastifies mixed material；Plasticization temperature is 180 DEG C, and described fusion time is 5min；
S4, is squeezed in the die head of extruder after drying by the mixed material plastified, then extrusion single layer hollow base
Pipe, then passes through die head endoporus uniform adhesion on base inside pipe wall by fine explosive powder；
S5, carries out cooling and shaping to the base pipe having adhered to fine explosive powder；
S6, heats the base pipe in S5 and stretches；
S7, carries out cooling and shaping by the base pipe after stretching, is dried；
S8, by the detonator rolling after sizing, rolling speed is 90m/min.
Embodiment 2
High strength detonating tube, described nono calcium carbonate modified polythene material includes the raw material of following weight portion:
Described ionic liquid: 1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazol(e) tetrafluoroborate 0.5 part, 1-methyl-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole hexafluoro phosphorus
Hydrochlorate 0.3 part, 1-methyl-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole tetrafluoroborate 0.8 part, 1-methyl-3-hexyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate 0.2 part,
1-methyl-3-hexyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate 0.2 part, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethyl imidazol(e) hexafluorophosphate 2 parts, 1,2-diformazan
Base-3-ethyl imidazol(e) tetrafluoroborate 0.3 part, 1,2-dimethyl-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole hexafluorophosphate 0.7 part.
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
S1, is put into nano zine oxide in the baking oven that temperature is 90 DEG C, is dried process 5h；
S2, mixes 18min with remaining in high-speed mixer high speed by dried nano zine oxide, obtains mixture
Material；
S3, plastifies mixed material；Plasticization temperature is 220 DEG C, and described fusion time is 10min；
S4, is squeezed in the die head of extruder after drying by the mixed material plastified, then extrusion single layer hollow base
Pipe, then passes through die head endoporus uniform adhesion on base inside pipe wall by fine explosive powder；
S5, carries out cooling and shaping to the base pipe having adhered to fine explosive powder；
S6, heats the base pipe in S5 and stretches；
S7, carries out cooling and shaping by the base pipe after stretching, is dried；
S8, by the detonator rolling after sizing；Rolling speed is 120m/min.
Embodiment 3
High strength detonating tube, described nono calcium carbonate modified polythene material includes the raw material of following weight portion:
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
S1, is put into modifying agent in the baking oven that temperature is 100 DEG C, is dried process 6h；
S2, mixes 20min by modifying agent with other components in high-speed mixer high speed, obtains mixed material；
S3, plastifies mixed material；Plasticization temperature is 205 DEG C, and described fusion time is 16min；
S4, is squeezed in the die head of extruder after drying by the mixed material plastified, then extrusion single layer hollow base
Pipe, then passes through die head endoporus uniform adhesion on base inside pipe wall by fine explosive powder；
S5, carries out cooling and shaping to the base pipe having adhered to fine explosive powder；
S6, heats the base pipe in S5 and stretches；
S7, carries out cooling and shaping by the base pipe after stretching, is dried；
S8, by the detonator rolling after sizing, rolling speed is 95m/min.
Embodiment 4
High strength detonating tube, described nono calcium carbonate modified polythene material includes the raw material of following weight portion:
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
S1, is put into modifying agent in the baking oven that temperature is 85 DEG C, is dried process 4.5h；
S2, modifying agent of receiving mixes 18min with remaining component in high-speed mixer high speed, obtains mixed material；
S3, plastifies mixed material；Plasticization temperature is 210 DEG C, and described fusion time is 8min；
S4, is squeezed in the die head of extruder after drying by the mixed material plastified, then extrusion single layer hollow base
Pipe, then passes through die head endoporus uniform adhesion on base inside pipe wall by fine explosive powder；
S5, carries out cooling and shaping to the base pipe having adhered to fine explosive powder；
S6, heats the base pipe in S5 and stretches；
S7, carries out cooling and shaping by the base pipe after stretching, is dried；
S8, by the detonator rolling after sizing, rolling speed is 105m/min.
Embodiment 5
High strength detonating tube, described nono calcium carbonate modified polythene material includes the raw material of following weight portion:
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
S1, is put into modifying agent in the baking oven that temperature is 95 DEG C, is dried process 5.5h；
S2, mixes 20min with remaining component in high-speed mixer high speed by modifying agent, obtains mixed material；
S3, plastifies mixed material；Plasticization temperature is 215 DEG C, and described fusion time is 9min
S4, is squeezed in the die head of extruder after drying by the mixed material plastified, then extrusion single layer hollow base
Pipe, then passes through die head endoporus uniform adhesion on base inside pipe wall by fine explosive powder；
S5, carries out cooling and shaping to the base pipe having adhered to fine explosive powder；
S6, heats the base pipe in S5 and stretches；
S7, carries out cooling and shaping by the base pipe after stretching, is dried；
S8, by the detonator rolling after sizing, rolling speed is 92m/min.
Embodiment 6
High strength detonating tube, described nono calcium carbonate modified polythene material includes the raw material of following weight portion:
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
S1, is put into modifying agent in the baking oven that temperature is 92 DEG C, is dried process 5.0h；
S2, mixes 18min with remaining component in high-speed mixer high speed by modifying agent, obtains mixed material；
S3, plastifies mixed material；Plasticization temperature is 195 DEG C, and described fusion time is 7min
S4, is squeezed in the die head of extruder after drying by the mixed material plastified, then extrusion single layer hollow base
Pipe, then passes through die head endoporus uniform adhesion on base inside pipe wall by fine explosive powder；
S5, carries out cooling and shaping to the base pipe having adhered to fine explosive powder；
S6, heats the base pipe in S5 and stretches；
S7, carries out cooling and shaping by the base pipe after stretching, is dried；
S8, by the detonator rolling after sizing, rolling speed is 93/min.
Table 1 high strength detonating tube parameters contrasts
Note: in table, control sample is commercially available conventional detonator.
The above, the only present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope that the invention discloses, according to technical scheme and
Inventive concept equivalent or change in addition, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a high strength detonating tube, it is characterised in that include the raw material of following weight portion:
Described modifying agent is one or more in inorganic nanometer powder, organic oligomer thing.
High strength detonating tube the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described inorganic nanometer powder is nanoscale lightweight
One or more in calcium carbonate, nano silicon oxide, nano-cerium oxide, nano zine oxide.
High strength detonating tube the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described organic oligomer thing is the poly-second of oligomer
One or more in alkene, oligomer polyisobutylene, oligomer isoprene.
High strength detonating tube the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described inorganic nanometer powder and organic oligomer thing
Proportioning be 0-10:10-0.
High strength detonating tube the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described inorganic nanometer powder and organic oligomer thing
Proportioning be 1:1.
High strength detonating tube the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described age resister is retardant POE compound material, institute
State retardant POE compound material and include the raw material of following weight portion:
Vistanex: 55-65 part；
Octene: 35-45 part.
High strength detonating tube the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described coupling agent employing titanate coupling agent,
One in silane coupler, aluminate coupling agent, phosphate coupling agent, boric acid ester coupler.
High strength detonating tube the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described ionic liquid, for 1-methyl-3-ethyl
Limidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazol(e) tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole hexafluorophosphate, 1-first
Base-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-3-hexyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-methyl-3-hexyl imidazolium Tetrafluoroboric acid
Salt, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethyl imidazol(e) hexafluorophosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethyl imidazol(e) tetrafluoroborate, 1,2-diformazan
Base-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole hexafluorophosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-1-Butyl-1H-imidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hexyl imidazolium
Hexafluorophosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hexyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, N-ethylpyridine hexafluorophosphate, N-ethylpyridine four
Borofluoride, N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate, N-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, N-hexyl pyridine hexafluorophosphate and N-are own
Any one or more in yl pyridines tetrafluoroborate.
High strength detonating tube the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described dispersant uses acrylate, tristearin
One in acid butyl ester, Polyethylene Glycol.
The preparation method of high strength detonating tube the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that method step is as follows:
S1, is put into modifying agent in the baking oven that temperature is 80-100 DEG C, is dried process 4-6h；
S2, by dried modifying agent, high density polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene, coupling agent, age resister, dispersant, at height
Speed mixer high speed mixing 15-20min, obtains mixed material；
S3, plastifies mixed material；Described plasticization temperature is 180-220 DEG C, and described fusion time is 5-10min.
S4, is squeezed in the die head of single layer extruder after drying by the mixed material plastified, then extrusion single layer hollow base
Pipe, then passes through die head endoporus uniform adhesion on base inside pipe wall by fine explosive powder；
S5, carries out cooling and shaping to the base pipe having adhered to fine explosive powder；
S6, heats the base pipe in S5 and stretches；
S7, carries out cooling and shaping by the base pipe after stretching, is dried, obtain the detonator after sizing；The external diameter of the detonator after sizing
For 2.8-3.0mm.
S8, by the detonator rolling after sizing, the rolling speed of detonator is 90-120m/min.
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| CN108586863A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-28 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Single layer high reliability detonator and preparation method thereof |
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| CN116162312A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-05-26 | 湖南工业职业技术学院 | High polymer material wear-resistant concrete conveying pipeline |
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| CN110054874A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2019-07-26 | 邦泰复合材料股份有限公司 | High gravity compounds and its made BB bullet |
| CN108586863A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-09-28 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Single layer high reliability detonator and preparation method thereof |
| CN116162312A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-05-26 | 湖南工业职业技术学院 | High polymer material wear-resistant concrete conveying pipeline |
| CN116162312B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-05-03 | 湖南工业职业技术学院 | High polymer material wear-resistant concrete conveying pipeline |
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