CN106316177A - Three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 swollen Swollen dose Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006260 polyaryletherketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 claims 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[[4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N2C(C=CC2=O)=O)C=C1 XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
- B28B19/0092—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to webs, sheets or the like, e.g. of paper, cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/003—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles the shaping of preshaped articles, e.g. by bending
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/0006—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects the reinforcement consisting of aligned, non-metal reinforcing elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
Abstract
一种三维间隔织物增强水泥基复合材料及其制备方法，涉及一种水泥基复合材料。先将三维间隔织物放入模具中，利用树脂传递模塑技术，使树脂与三维间隔织物复合。在树脂固化后，得到三维间隔织物复合材料骨架。再将水泥胶凝材料、水和添加剂混合搅拌均匀，浇注在三维间隔织物复合材料骨架中，经密实硬化，养护成型即完成三维间隔织物增强水泥基复合材料的制备。本发明提供的三维间隔织物与树脂复合后能得到各种形状的复合材料骨架，经水泥浇筑凝固成各种形状的建筑构件。而且本发明得到的水泥基复合材料大大提高了普通混凝土的强度，施工简便，性能优异。
A three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, relating to a cement-based composite material. The three-dimensional spacer fabric is put into the mold first, and the resin is combined with the three-dimensional spacer fabric by using the resin transfer molding technology. After the resin is cured, a three-dimensional spacer fabric composite skeleton is obtained. Then, the cement cementitious material, water and additives are mixed and stirred evenly, poured into the skeleton of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite material, compacted and hardened, and then cured and formed to complete the preparation of the three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material. After the three-dimensional spacer fabric provided by the invention is compounded with resin, composite material skeletons of various shapes can be obtained, which can be solidified into building components of various shapes through cement pouring. Moreover, the cement-based composite material obtained by the invention greatly improves the strength of ordinary concrete, is easy to construct and has excellent performance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及建筑构件技术领域，尤其涉及一种三维间隔织物增强水泥基复合材料及其制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of building components, in particular to a three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
水泥基材料具有抗压强度高、耐腐蚀性好、耐热、耐火和价格低廉等特性，在土木建筑领域大量使用，但水泥基脆性的特点使其在抗折强度、拉伸强度上表现差强人意，容易出现裂纹，严重影响了水泥基材料的耐久性和安全性。Cement-based materials have the characteristics of high compressive strength, good corrosion resistance, heat resistance, fire resistance, and low price. They are widely used in the field of civil engineering, but the brittleness of cement-based materials makes them unsatisfactory in terms of flexural strength and tensile strength. , prone to cracks, seriously affecting the durability and safety of cement-based materials.
传统的水泥基增强主要是采用钢筋作为增强材料。用钢筋作为增强材料的钢筋混凝土虽然改善了混凝土的抗拉、抗折性能，但是由于钢筋不耐腐蚀，容重也很大，限制了钢筋混凝土的进一步使用。所以，逐渐出现了采用纤维或织物增强水泥基材料。但是，短纤维在基体中分布不均匀，补强效果差；连续长纤维或是网格布只能在二维方向上增强水泥基材料，并且施工复杂。近年来，在纺织领域出现了一种三维间隔织物，是由上、下面层和间隔丝层组成的三维立体结构。其作为增强材料，具有设计方便、抗冲击性强、容易成型复杂形状构件等优点，而且在硅酸盐或氯化物中不易受腐蚀，容重比钢筋小。Traditional cement-based reinforcement mainly uses steel bars as reinforcement materials. Although reinforced concrete using steel bars as reinforcement materials improves the tensile and flexural properties of concrete, the further use of reinforced concrete is limited because steel bars are not corrosion-resistant and have a large bulk density. Therefore, fiber or fabric reinforced cement-based materials have gradually appeared. However, short fibers are unevenly distributed in the matrix, and the reinforcing effect is poor; continuous long fibers or mesh cloth can only reinforce cement-based materials in two-dimensional directions, and the construction is complicated. In recent years, a three-dimensional spacer fabric has appeared in the field of textiles, which is a three-dimensional structure composed of upper and lower layers and spacer filament layers. As a reinforcing material, it has the advantages of convenient design, strong impact resistance, and easy forming of components with complex shapes. It is not easily corroded in silicate or chloride, and its bulk density is smaller than that of steel bars.
单纯的采用三维间隔织物增强仍有不足之处，中国专利CN 103086740 A一种三维间隔织物增强无机防火泡沫保温板及其制备方法，用三维间隔织物增强无机材料板，虽然能在一定程度上提高保温板的力学强度，但增强效果并不明显，耐久性差。一是受织物本身力学性能的限制，二是纱线内外层纤维受力不均，三是由于纱线直接暴露在水泥基材料中，容易受到磨损和破坏。而三维间隔织物复合树脂，能够有效解决上述问题，自身力学强度和弹性模量都大大提高，用于增强混凝土，可以显著改善混凝土的力学性能，增强效果更加突出。The simple use of three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforcement still has deficiencies. Chinese patent CN 103086740 A is a kind of three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced inorganic fireproof foam insulation board and its preparation method. The use of three-dimensional spacer fabrics to strengthen inorganic material panels can improve the The mechanical strength of the insulation board, but the enhancement effect is not obvious, and the durability is poor. One is that it is limited by the mechanical properties of the fabric itself, the other is that the inner and outer fibers of the yarn are unevenly stressed, and the third is that the yarn is directly exposed to the cement-based material, which is easy to be worn and damaged. The three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin can effectively solve the above problems, and its own mechanical strength and elastic modulus are greatly improved. When used to reinforce concrete, it can significantly improve the mechanical properties of concrete, and the reinforcement effect is more prominent.
发明内容Contents of the invention
技术问题：本发明为了解决水泥基材料脆性大，易开裂，抗折强度低的问题，提出一种用三维间隔织物复合树脂增强水泥基材料的方法，制备出一种强度高，不易开裂，耐腐蚀，抗变形能力强，整体性能优越的水泥基复合材料。Technical problem: In order to solve the problems of high brittleness, easy cracking and low flexural strength of cement-based materials, the present invention proposes a method for reinforcing cement-based materials with three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin, and prepares a kind of high-strength, difficult-to-crack, durable It is a cement-based composite material with strong corrosion and deformation resistance and excellent overall performance.
技术方案：本发明一种一种三维间隔织物增强水泥基复合材料及其制备方法，是通过以下技术方案实现的：Technical solution: The present invention is a three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material and its preparation method, which are realized through the following technical solutions:
一种三维间隔织物增强水泥基复合材料，是将三维间隔织物复合树脂作为增强体骨架，与水泥基材料复合增强而获得。A three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material is obtained by using a three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin as a reinforcement skeleton and compounding and strengthening it with a cement-based material.
三维间隔织物增强水泥基复合材料所用三维间隔织物是由上、下面层和间隔丝层组成。The three-dimensional spacer fabric used in the reinforced cement-based composite material is composed of an upper layer, a lower layer and a spacer silk layer.
三维间隔织物的总厚度为3～65mm，上面层的厚度为0.5～5mm，下面层的厚度为0.5～5mm，间隔丝层的厚度为2～55mm。The total thickness of the three-dimensional spacer fabric is 3-65 mm, the thickness of the upper layer is 0.5-5 mm, the thickness of the lower layer is 0.5-5 mm, and the thickness of the spacer silk layer is 2-55 mm.
所述的水泥基材料是由水泥胶凝材料、水和添加剂组成，可以是普通的水泥混凝土，也可以是泡沫混凝土。The cement-based material is composed of cement cementitious material, water and additives, and can be ordinary cement concrete or foam concrete.
所述的水泥是硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥中的一种或几种；所述的添加剂是减水剂、引气剂、膨胀剂中的一种或几种。The cement is one or more of Portland cement, high alumina cement, and sulphoaluminate cement; the additive is one or more of water reducer, air-entraining agent, and expansion agent.
三维间隔织物的面层纤维可以是无机纤维，如玻璃纤维，玄武岩纤维，碳纤维等，也可以是有机纤维，如聚乙烯、PET、尼龙、芳纶、聚酯树脂纤维等，或是上述两种或几种纤维混杂编织而成；间隔丝层是涤纶单丝、丙纶单丝、锦纶单丝、乙纶单丝中的一种。The surface fiber of the three-dimensional spacer fabric can be inorganic fiber, such as glass fiber, basalt fiber, carbon fiber, etc., or organic fiber, such as polyethylene, PET, nylon, aramid fiber, polyester resin fiber, etc., or the above two Or several kinds of fibers are mixed and woven; the spacer layer is one of polyester monofilament, polypropylene monofilament, nylon monofilament, and polyethylene monofilament.
所述的三维经编间隔织物的表面层是网孔结构，网孔形状是等边三角形、菱形、矩形、正六边形中的一种，每平方厘米网孔个数在0.4～7.5之间。The surface layer of the three-dimensional warp-knitted spacer fabric has a mesh structure, and the shape of the mesh is one of equilateral triangle, rhombus, rectangle, and regular hexagon, and the number of meshes per square centimeter is between 0.4 and 7.5.
所述的树脂是环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、热固性树脂、聚氨酯树脂、热塑性树脂中的一种。所述热固性树脂是呋喃类树脂、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、聚丁二烯树脂、有机硅脂中的一种；所述热塑性树脂是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、苯乙烯、ABS树脂、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚酰亚胺、聚砜、聚砜醚、聚芳醚酮、聚苯硫醚中的一种。The resin is one of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyimide resin, bismaleimide resin, thermosetting resin, polyurethane resin and thermoplastic resin. The thermosetting resin is one of furan resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, polybutadiene resin, organic silicon grease; the thermoplastic resin is polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene, ABS resin, polyamide, polycarbonate , polyoxymethylene, polyimide, polysulfone, polysulfone ether, polyaryletherketone, polyphenylene sulfide.
一种三维间隔织物增强水泥基复合材料及其制备方法，包括以下步骤：A three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
第一步：选择三维间隔织物，水泥胶凝材料和外加剂。Step 1: Select three-dimensional spacer fabric, cementitious materials and admixtures.
第二步：将三维间隔织物放入模具中，在模具中固定形状，利用树脂传递模塑成型技术，使三维间隔织物与树脂复合，得到三维间隔织物复合材料骨架。The second step: put the three-dimensional spacer fabric into the mold, fix the shape in the mold, and use the resin transfer molding technology to compound the three-dimensional spacer fabric with the resin to obtain the skeleton of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite material.
第三步：将水泥胶凝材料、水、外加剂混合搅拌均匀，浇筑于第二步得到的三维间隔织物复合材料骨架中。Step 3: Mix and stir the cement cementitious material, water, and admixture evenly, and pour it into the skeleton of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite material obtained in the second step.
第四步：振荡模具，使混合料浆充分填充三维间隔织物。养护硬化，脱模即制得所述复合材料。Step 4: Oscillate the mold to fully fill the three-dimensional spacer fabric with the mixed slurry. After curing and hardening, the composite material can be obtained after demoulding.
本发明对比以往技术具有以下显著优点Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages
(1)将三维间隔织物应用到无机材料中，拓宽了三维间隔织物新的应用领域，找到了三维间隔织物与无机材料的结合点。(1) The application of three-dimensional spacer fabrics to inorganic materials has broadened the new application fields of three-dimensional spacer fabrics, and found the combination point of three-dimensional spacer fabrics and inorganic materials.
(2)三维间隔织物增强水泥基复合材料具有整体性好、强度高、变形小、不易开裂的特点。现有水泥基增强材料中，短纤维在基体中分布不均匀，补强效果差；连续长纤维或是网格布只能在二维方向上增强水泥基材料。而本发明采用的三维间隔织物是整体编织成型的立体结构，不存在分布不均匀的问题，而且能够在三维方向上提高水泥基材料的性能。(2) The three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material has the characteristics of good integrity, high strength, small deformation, and not easy to crack. In the existing cement-based reinforcement materials, short fibers are unevenly distributed in the matrix, and the reinforcement effect is poor; continuous long fibers or mesh cloth can only reinforce cement-based materials in two-dimensional directions. However, the three-dimensional spacer fabric used in the present invention is a three-dimensional structure formed by integral weaving, without the problem of uneven distribution, and can improve the performance of cement-based materials in three-dimensional directions.
(3)三维间隔织物具有良好的柔韧性和可变形性，可以根据施工要求复合成型各种形状复杂的建筑构件。同时，三维间隔织物可设计性强，面密度、间隔丝高度和网孔大小都可以设计和调节，能够满足不同性能的需求。(3) The three-dimensional spacer fabric has good flexibility and deformability, and can be compounded into various complex-shaped building components according to construction requirements. At the same time, the three-dimensional spacer fabric has strong designability, and the surface density, spacer wire height and mesh size can be designed and adjusted to meet the needs of different performances.
(4)三维间隔织物复合树脂，使增强体本身即为复合材料，与单纯用三维间隔织物增强相比，有以下优点：能够使纱线内外层纤维粘结在一起，避免纤维受力不均；同时在纤维表面形成保护层，有效减少纤维的磨损和破坏；三维间隔织物复合树脂后，力学强度和弹性模量都大大提高，比单纯用三维间隔织物增强效果更加突出，性能更加优异。(4) Three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin, so that the reinforcement itself is a composite material. Compared with simply using three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforcement, it has the following advantages: it can bond the inner and outer fibers of the yarn together to avoid uneven fiber stress At the same time, a protective layer is formed on the surface of the fiber to effectively reduce the wear and damage of the fiber; after the three-dimensional spacer fabric is composited with resin, the mechanical strength and elastic modulus are greatly improved, which is more prominent than that of the three-dimensional spacer fabric alone, and the performance is more excellent.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为三维经编间隔织物增强水泥基复合材料的示意图，形状不限于本示意图所示。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional warp-knitted spacer fabric reinforced cement-based composite material, and the shape is not limited to that shown in this schematic diagram.
其中有三维间隔织物和有机发泡材料。三维间隔织物包括上面层1、间隔丝层2和下面层3，4为普通水泥混凝土或泡沫混凝土填充材料。Among them are three-dimensional spacer fabrics and organic foam materials. The three-dimensional spacer fabric comprises an upper layer 1, a spacer wire layer 2 and a lower layer 3, 4 are ordinary cement concrete or foam concrete filling materials.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面给出本发明的一些具体实施例，但所述的具体实施例不限制本发明权利要求。Some specific embodiments of the present invention are given below, but the described specific embodiments do not limit the claims of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
第一步：选取原材料。三维间隔织物由PET纤维织造而成，厚度为20mm；选用树脂为不饱和聚酯树脂；胶凝材料为42.5R硅酸盐水泥，外加剂为萘系减水剂。水灰比为0.54，水泥与减水剂的质量比为100∶1.2。Step 1: Select raw materials. The three-dimensional spacer fabric is woven from PET fibers with a thickness of 20mm; the resin used is unsaturated polyester resin; the cementitious material is 42.5R Portland cement, and the admixture is naphthalene-based water reducer. The water-cement ratio is 0.54, and the mass ratio of cement to water reducer is 100:1.2.
第二步：三维间隔织物放入模具中，在模具中固定形状，利用树脂传递模塑成型技术，使三维间隔织物与树脂复合，得到三维间隔织物复合材料骨架。Step 2: Put the three-dimensional spacer fabric into the mold, fix the shape in the mold, and use the resin transfer molding technology to compound the three-dimensional spacer fabric with the resin to obtain the skeleton of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite material.
第三步：将水泥胶凝材料、水、外加剂按比例混合搅拌均匀，浇筑于第二步得到的三维间隔织物复合材料骨架中。The third step: mix and stir the cement cementitious material, water and admixture in proportion, and pour it into the skeleton of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite material obtained in the second step.
第四步：振荡模具，使混合料浆充分填充三维间隔织物。凝固硬化，脱模并放置于温度20±2℃，相对湿度60±5％的环境中自然养护，养护至适龄。Step 4: Oscillate the mold to fully fill the three-dimensional spacer fabric with the mixed slurry. Solidify and harden, remove the mold and place it in an environment with a temperature of 20±2°C and a relative humidity of 60±5% for natural curing until it reaches the right age.
测得其性能结果如下：该三维间隔织物复合树脂增强水泥基材料的抗压强度为83.7MPa，抗弯强度为19.3MPa，防火等级为A2级。The measured performance results are as follows: the compressive strength of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin reinforced cement-based material is 83.7MPa, the flexural strength is 19.3MPa, and the fire rating is A2.
相同配比下，单纯用三维间隔织物增强水泥基材料的抗压强度为61.4MPa，抗弯强度为11.8MPa，防火等级为A2级。Under the same ratio, the compressive strength of the cement-based material reinforced with three-dimensional spacer fabric is 61.4MPa, the flexural strength is 11.8MPa, and the fire rating is A2.
相同配比下，未增强的水泥基材料的抗压强度为45MPa，抗弯强度为5.7MPa，防火等级为A2级。Under the same ratio, the unreinforced cement-based material has a compressive strength of 45MPa, a flexural strength of 5.7MPa, and a fire rating of A2.
三维间隔织物复合树脂增强泡沫混凝土比单纯用间隔织物增强的抗压强度提高36％，抗弯强度提高64％。The compressive strength of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin reinforced foam concrete is 36% higher than that of the spacer fabric alone, and the flexural strength is 64% higher.
三维间隔织物复合树脂增强泡沫混凝土比未增强的泡沫混凝土的抗压强度提高86％，抗弯强度提高238％。The three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin reinforced foam concrete has 86% higher compressive strength and 238% higher flexural strength than unreinforced foam concrete.
实施例2Example 2
第一步：选取原材料：三维间隔织物由玻璃纤维织造而成，厚度为15mm；选用树脂为环氧树脂；水泥基材料为泡沫混凝土，胶凝材料为硫铝酸盐水泥，发泡剂为双氧水，外加剂是萘系减水剂和稳泡剂。设计泡沫混凝土的容重为300kg/m3，水灰比为0.54。Step 1: Select raw materials: the three-dimensional spacer fabric is woven from glass fiber with a thickness of 15mm; the resin used is epoxy resin; the cement-based material is foamed concrete, the cementitious material is sulphoaluminate cement, and the foaming agent is hydrogen peroxide , the admixture is a naphthalene-based water reducer and a foam stabilizer. The bulk density of the designed foam concrete is 300kg/m3, and the water-cement ratio is 0.54.
第二步：三维间隔织物放入模具中，在模具中固定形状，利用树脂传递模塑成型技术，使三维间隔织物与树脂复合，得到三维间隔织物复合材料骨架。Step 2: Put the three-dimensional spacer fabric into the mold, fix the shape in the mold, and use the resin transfer molding technology to compound the three-dimensional spacer fabric with the resin to obtain the skeleton of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite material.
第三步：将水泥胶凝材料、水、减水剂、稳泡剂按比例混合搅拌，形成均匀料浆；然后将发泡剂加入料浆中，搅拌均匀后浇筑于第二步得到的三维间隔织物复合材料骨架中。Step 3: Mix and stir the cement gelling material, water, water reducing agent and foam stabilizer in proportion to form a uniform slurry; Spacer fabric composite skeleton.
第四步：振荡模具，使混合料浆充分填充三维间隔织物。凝固硬化，脱模并放置于温度20±2℃，相对湿度60±5％的环境中自然养护，养护至适龄。Step 4: Oscillate the mold to fully fill the three-dimensional spacer fabric with the mixed slurry. Solidify and harden, remove the mold and place it in an environment with a temperature of 20±2°C and a relative humidity of 60±5% for natural curing until it reaches the right age.
测得其性能结果如下：该三维间隔织物复合树脂增强泡沫混凝土的容重为315kg/m3，抗压强度为2.02MPa，抗弯强度为0.98MPa，导热系数为0.073W/(m.k)。The measured performance results are as follows: the bulk density of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin reinforced foam concrete is 315kg/m3, the compressive strength is 2.02MPa, the flexural strength is 0.98MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.073W/(m.k).
相同配比下，单纯用三维间隔织物增强泡沫混凝土的容重为308kg/m3，抗压强度为1.23MPa，抗弯强度为0.51MPa，导热系数为0.68MPa。Under the same ratio, the bulk density of foam concrete reinforced with three-dimensional spacer fabric is 308kg/m3, the compressive strength is 1.23MPa, the bending strength is 0.51MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.68MPa.
相同配比下，未增强的泡沫混凝土的容重为300kg/m3，抗压强度为0.73MPa，抗弯强度为0.24MPa，导热系数为0.066W/(m.k)。Under the same ratio, the bulk density of unreinforced foam concrete is 300kg/m3, the compressive strength is 0.73MPa, the flexural strength is 0.24MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.066W/(m.k).
三维间隔织物复合树脂增强泡沫混凝土比单纯用间隔织物增强的抗压强度提高64％，抗弯强度提高91％，而容重和导热系数基本不变。The three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin reinforced foam concrete has 64% higher compressive strength and 91% higher flexural strength than simple spacer fabric reinforcement, while the bulk density and thermal conductivity remain basically unchanged.
三维间隔织物复合树脂增强泡沫混凝土比未增强的泡沫混凝土的抗压强度提高176％，抗弯强度提高308％，而容重和导热系数基本不变。Compared with the unreinforced foam concrete, the compressive strength of the three-dimensional spacer fabric composite resin reinforced foam concrete increased by 176%, and the flexural strength increased by 308%, while the bulk density and thermal conductivity remained basically unchanged.
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