CN106313516A - Design of simple 3D printer control system - Google Patents
Design of simple 3D printer control system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106313516A CN106313516A CN201610947873.2A CN201610947873A CN106313516A CN 106313516 A CN106313516 A CN 106313516A CN 201610947873 A CN201610947873 A CN 201610947873A CN 106313516 A CN106313516 A CN 106313516A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- module
- temperature
- atmega2560
- control system
- master controller
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Abstract
The invention relates to design of a simple 3D printer control system. The design of the simple 3D printer control system is characterized in that ATmega2560 is used as a main controller; computer slicing software is used for slicing a 3D model and generating a G code; the G code is transmitted to the main controller via a serial port; a three-axis motor driving module controls an extruder of the printer to carry out 3D printing; a fuzzy PID algorithm is used for accurately controlling the temperature; the three-axis motor is controlled by PWM technology; the test result shows that the temperature of an extrusion head is controlled to be 245 DEG C and the control accuracy is 1 DEG C after the fuzzy PID algorithm is used; the time for entering constant-temperature state is changed from about 250 seconds in the prior art into about 70 seconds; the three-dimensional printing constant-temperature control performance is improved; the phenomena that the printing material is broken and the thickness is not uniform in the printing process are reduced; the requirement on the printing quality is met; the simple 3D printer control system with low cost and low power consumption is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to a kind of 3D printing technique application, particularly relates to the design of 3D printer control system.
Background technology
There is the problem that price is high, power consumption is high in the 3D printer great majority that presently, there are, and printhead enters constant temperature
The time of state is longer, makes easily to occur in print procedure the phenomenons such as printed material fracture of wire, thickness be uneven, so, design one
Kind of low cost, low-power consumption, 3D printer that print quality is high, can quickly realize printhead temperature controls are necessary.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the application is to provide the simple 3D printer of a kind of low cost, low-power consumption, temperature control fast and stable
Control system.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, control system includes: master controller minimum systematic module, usb interface module, motor drive
Dynamic model block,
Master controller minimum systematic module, is connected with usb interface module, step motor drive module, uses ATmega2560
As master controller, ATmega2560 minimum system comprises ATmega2560 chip, reset circuit, communication interface and crystal oscillator.With
Work in each module coordination of control system, control time and the temperature of printhead that 3D prints；
Usb interface module, is connected with main controller module, and ATmega16U2 is as usb circuit chip in employing,
ATmega16 is CMOS microcontroller based on enhancement mode AVR risc architecture.Have that instruction set is abundant, the speed of service fast and gulps down
Tell rate advantages of higher, therefore in terms of reducing power consumption and processing speed, have the biggest advantage.Standard work due to ATmega2560
It is 5V as voltage, so using this module to power to master controller.
Step motor drive module, is connected with main controller module, uses A4988 chip as step motor drive core
Sheet, A4988 is the DMOS mini-step controlling device of a kind of tape switching unit and overcurrent protection, and motor driver is connected to ATmega2560
Main controller, master controller sends an instruction to A4988 chip, has a transducer therein, just simply enters a pulse
Electric machine rotation be can allow, thus extruder and the motion of three direction motors controlled.
Compared with prior art, according to the technical scheme of application, it is possible to achieve a kind of low-power consumption, the LED of low price drive
Controller, after using fuzzy PID algorithm, extruder head temperature controls at 245 DEG C, and control accuracy is 1 DEG C, by original about 250s
Entrance temperature constant state brings up to about 70s and reaches temperature constant state, improves the thermostatically controlled performance of 3 D-printing, decreases printing
During the phenomenon such as printed material fracture of wire, thickness be uneven, meet the requirement to print quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding of the present application, constitutes the part of the application, this Shen
Schematic description and description please is used for explaining the application, is not intended that the improper restriction to the application.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is simple 3D printer control system design drawing；
The heating process curve of printhead simulation when Fig. 2 is not add fuzzy PID algorithm；
Fig. 3 Design of Fuzzy-PID Controlling System figure；
Fig. 4 is to add the heating process curve of printhead simulation after fuzzy PID algorithm.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, to this
Invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1:
The G code that computer section produces is uploaded and is sent to ATmega2560 master controller (3) by native system, and user passes through
LCD man-machine interface (2) arranges print parameters, and printed material is heated by the heating rod (4) that master controller (3) controls in extruder
And extrude from the nozzle of printhead (5), can pass through simultaneously critesistor (6) real-time by the Temperature Feedback of printed material to leading
Controller.Have on print platform below printhead and add hott bed (7) and control print platform temperature, it is also possible to by temperature-sensitive electricity
Resistance (8) feeds back to master control borad.Master controller (3) is connected with motor drive ic (10) simultaneously, and machinery analyzed by master controller (3)
After instruction, drive motor that the mechanical order of G code is converted to XYZ tri-spindle motor (9) and the motion of extruder motor (11), by
Layer completes the physical print of model.Master control chip owing to selecting is ATmega2560, and usb circuit chip is
ATmega16, has low cost, the feature of low-power consumption compared with tradition 3D printer.
As shown in Figure 2:
The 3D printed material that the design selects is ABS, and fusing point is between 215 DEG C to 250 DEG C, so the extruder head of 3D printer exists
Work needs temperature controlled between 230 DEG C to 250 DEG C.The too low meeting of extruder head temperature is pre-when causing printing failure or reloading
Heat does not reaches the fusing point of consumptive material, does not changes material；Extruder head temperature is too high, then can have a strong impact on its service life, so needing reality
Time monitoring and control the temperature of extruder head.The transmission function knowing heat temperature raising is first order inertial loop formula
, wherein k is amplification coefficient, and T is time constant, before being added without fuzzy PID algorithm control, if target temperature is 245 DEG C, and heating
Resistance wire power is 55W.The sampling period T of micro-process ATmega2560 is constant, and value is about 40, passes through Ascending curve method
Experimental calculation obtains its K value and approximates 1, therefore obtains its transmission function
For.By the Simulink module in MATLAB, heat temperature raising is transferred function by simulation, as
Shown in Fig. 2, its stabilization time is about 250s.
As shown in Figure 3:
The temperature of the design controls to use fuzzy PID algorithm, and Fuzzy PID has the complexity of simplified system design,
The advantages such as the mathematical models not relying on controlled device.Traditional PID controller is for accurate mathematical model dependency
Relatively strong, and fuzzy controller does not has the effect of integration, so static difference can not be eliminated.For preferably improving system in terms of control
Characteristic, can combine the not same-action regulatory PID control that control aspect plays with fuzzy control, and uses fuzzy logic to fit
Time adjust PID control in three parameters.Therefore, fuzzy linear control system is to set up on the basis of regulatory PID control
Get up.The division of Fuzzy PID Control System comprises two parts according to its function composition, and conventional pid control function is with fuzzy
The integrated application of reasoning, as shown in Figure 3.In whole control system, kPFor proportionality coefficient；kIFor integral coefficient；kDFor differential system
Number；R is setting value；What e and ec represented is deviation and deviation differential signal respectively, e and ec is inputted fuzzy controller, Ke Yisui
Time meet e and the ec requirement to pid parameter Self-tuning System.After using Fuzzy PID to control printhead temperature, by detection
Temperature draws out actual temperature curve, Real Time Observation extruder head and the variations in temperature adding hott bed, if temperature is too high, can feed back to
Master control borad, makes extrusion capacity invalid.If extruder head temperature is less than extrusion temperature, even if there being extrusion instruction, also can stop extruding work,
Thus protect extruder head.
As shown in Figure 4:
Use and record shower nozzle after fuzzy PID algorithm and reach to set during constant temperature 245 DEG C that average maximum overshoot temperature is as 251.6 DEG C, surely
Fix time as 70.4s, compared with 250s when being not added with pid algorithm, have and significantly reduce.In this case, maximum overshoot is
4.3%, the most therefore its maximum overshoot temperature meets the thermostatically controlled requirement of 3D printhead to 3 D-printing material properties influence.
It is high that printer is provided with temperature control precision, and the stable rear temperature difference is little, and temperature fluctuation is little, and temperature reaches the spy that stably time used is short
Point.
Claims (1)
1. a simple 3D printer control system, it is characterised in that select ATmega2560 to beat with tradition 3D as master controller
Low cost, low in energy consumption compared by print machine, uses increment type PID algorithm to make printhead temperature control fast and stable, including: master controller is minimum
System module, usb interface module, step motor drive module, wherein；Described master controller minimum systematic module, with USB interface
Module, step motor drive module are connected, and use ATmega2560 to comprise as master controller, ATmega2560 minimum system
ATmega2560 chip, reset circuit, communication interface and crystal oscillator, work for each module coordination of control system, controls 3D and prints
Time and the temperature of printhead；Described usb interface module, is connected with main controller module, uses ATmega16U2 conduct
Usb circuit chip, ATmega16 is CMOS microcontroller based on enhancement mode AVR risc architecture, has instruction set rich
Rich, the speed of service fast and throughput advantages of higher, therefore has the biggest advantage in terms of reducing power consumption and processing speed, due to
The standard operating voltage of ATmega2560 is 5V, so using this module to power to master controller；Described step motor drive mould
Block, is connected with main controller module, uses A4988 chip as stepper motor driver chip, and A4988 is a kind of tape switching unit
With the DMOS mini-step controlling device of overcurrent protection, motor driver is connected to ATmega2560 main controller, and instruction is sent out by master controller
Give A4988 chip, have a transducer therein, simply enter a pulse and just can allow electric machine rotation, thus control
Extruder and the motion of three direction motors.
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| CN201610947873.2A CN106313516A (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2016-10-27 | Design of simple 3D printer control system |
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| CN201610947873.2A CN106313516A (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2016-10-27 | Design of simple 3D printer control system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107097410A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-08-29 | 杭州捷诺飞生物科技股份有限公司 | 3D printing shower nozzle, 3D printing nozzle system and 3D printer |
| CN107443727A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-08 | 芜湖挺优机电技术有限公司 | A kind of miniature mold 3D printer |
| CN112059183A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 南京铁道职业技术学院 | Laser melting system and method thereof |
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| CN103341978A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-10-09 | 磐纹科技（上海）有限公司 | Fused deposition forming high-speed three-dimensional (3D) printing machine adopting closed loop control and control method thereof |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| CN103240883A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-08-14 | 浙江大学 | Multistage-temperature-control-based fused deposition modeling (FDM) type 3D printing sprayer and temperature control method |
| CN103341978A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-10-09 | 磐纹科技（上海）有限公司 | Fused deposition forming high-speed three-dimensional (3D) printing machine adopting closed loop control and control method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107097410A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-08-29 | 杭州捷诺飞生物科技股份有限公司 | 3D printing shower nozzle, 3D printing nozzle system and 3D printer |
| CN107443727A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-08 | 芜湖挺优机电技术有限公司 | A kind of miniature mold 3D printer |
| CN112059183A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 南京铁道职业技术学院 | Laser melting system and method thereof |
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