CN106312065B - A kind of method and apparatus manufacturing three-dimension object - Google Patents

A kind of method and apparatus manufacturing three-dimension object Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106312065B
CN106312065B CN201610844913.0A CN201610844913A CN106312065B CN 106312065 B CN106312065 B CN 106312065B CN 201610844913 A CN201610844913 A CN 201610844913A CN 106312065 B CN106312065 B CN 106312065B
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Prior art keywords
scanning
scanning element
layer
residue
flow
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CN106312065A (en
Inventor
许小曙
杨大风
王朝龙
徐峰
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Hunan Farsoon High Tech Co Ltd
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Hunan Farsoon High Tech Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention describes a kind of equipment for dusty material progress selectively acting manufacturing three-dimension object layer-by-layer by energy beam, including powdering unit, for sending dusty material paving in the cured layer of having been selected property；Energy unit, for generating energy beam, and it is imported into the scanning that selectivity is carried out in the material layer that paving is sent, wherein scan position is one or more three-dimension object to be manufactured at this layer of corresponding cross section position, forms one or more scanning element in the layer；Air flow unit blows off the residue formed in scanning process for making air-flow flow through scanned layer along airflow direction；Scan control unit, for solving the scanning sequency of the selected scanning element of adjusting based on air flow unit.Scan control unit can be coordinated with each other according to the positional relationship between scanning element and with air-flow, reduces influence caused by splashing because of the residue generated in scanning process subsequent scanning element, to improve the manufacturing quality of three-dimension object.

Description

A kind of method and apparatus manufacturing three-dimension object
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods and apparatus for manufacturing metal three-dimension object by the layer-by-layer curing powder material of energy beam.
Background technique
Common metal increasing material manufacturing method is including the use of energy beam (such as laser or electron beam) in the paving of dusty material It send and is selectively scanned on layer, and finally obtain metal three-dimension object by the way that layer-by-layer scanning solidification is cumulative.Herein In the process, the scan position of energy beam is one or more three-dimension object to be manufactured in this layer of corresponding transversal face , dusty material corresponding to the position realizes solidification after acting on energy beam, then continues to spread on the scanning slice of completion One layer of new powder is sent, continues to be scanned according to three-dimension object at the new corresponding cross section position of powder bed.
Residue is easy to produce during dusty material and energy beam effect, and residue includes condensing pockets of particle, not solid Particle of change etc., to avoid in manufacturing process due to the accumulation of residue caused by influence, in the prior art would generally be in three-dimensional Air-flow is introduced in the manufacture cavity of manufacturing equipment, and residue is blown away.But it finds in practice, if air-flow produces a certain sector scanning Raw residue is blown into next stage scanning element, then will lead to and solidify in next stage scanning element and energy beam mechanism It is uneven, form biggish gap or defect or protrusion, and will impact to subsequent powdering layer process, because Biggish protrusion is encountered during paving is sent for scraper it is possible that Caton, or scraper is caused to damage, thus after influencing The flatness of continuous powdering layer, and then influence the quality of 3 D workpiece.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and apparatus for manufacturing three-dimension object, it can The residue for effectively energy beam being avoided to generate during the scanning process improves manufactured three to the adverse effect generated in manufacturing process Tie up the quality of object.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical solutions:
A method of it selectively acting is carried out to dusty material manufactures three-dimension object by the way that energy beam is layer-by-layer, including Following steps:
(1) one layer of dusty material paving is sent on the cured layer of having been selected property；
(2) scanning of energy beam selectivity spreads the layer sent, so that the powder of scan position selectively solidifies, wherein scanning Position is one or more three-dimension object to be manufactured at this layer of corresponding cross section position, the layer formed one or Multiple scanning elements；
(3) during the scanning process, air-flow flows through scanned layer, the residue that will be formed in scanning process along airflow direction It blows off；
At least in a region of cross section to be solidified, two scanning elements if it exists, in the residual of airflow direction Slag is scattered in influence distance, the first scanning element and the second scanning element is successively scanned, wherein the first scanning element is located at air-flow The downwind of the second scanning element on direction；Being scattered in the residue of airflow direction, influence distance is outer, and first scanning first scans Unit or the second scanning element, or both scan simultaneously.
Further, distance is influenced to adjust the residue and be scattered by adjusting speed, flow and the direction of the air-flow.
Further, two scanning elements if it exists are scattered in influence distance in the residue of airflow direction, and the first scanning is single A part of member is located at the downwind of the second scanning element, and another part is located at the upwind of the second scanning element, then according to It is secondary scanning the first scanning element with the wind part, at least part of the second scanning element and the first scanning element contrary wind portion Point.
Further, two scanning elements, a part of the first scanning element are located at the suitable of the second scanning element if it exists Wind direction, another part are located at the upwind of the second scanning element, and the part with the wind of the first scanning element is in air-flow if it exists The residue in direction influence distance of being scattered is outer, then suitable the branch for first scanning first unit divides or at least one of the second scanning element Point, or both scan simultaneously, then scan the contrary wind part of the first scanning element；The contrary wind part of first unit is in gas if it exists The residue in stream direction is scattered outside influence distance, then first scans the part with the wind of the first scanning element, then scan the first scanning element Inverse branch point or at least part of the second scanning element, or both scan simultaneously.
It selectively acting is carried out to dusty material manufactures three-dimensional article by the way that energy beam is layer-by-layer the invention also includes a kind of The equipment of body, including,
Powdering unit, for sending dusty material paving in the cured layer of having been selected property；
Energy unit for generating energy beam, and is imported into the scanning that selectivity is carried out in the material layer that paving is sent, wherein sweeping The position retouched is one or more three-dimension object to be manufactured at this layer of corresponding cross section position, forms one in the layer Or multiple scanning elements；
Air flow unit blows the residue formed in scanning process for making air-flow flow through scanned layer along airflow direction From；
And a scanning control unit, it is suitable for solving the scanning for adjusting selected scanning element based on air flow unit Sequence.
Further, distance is influenced to adjust the residue and be scattered by adjusting the air flow unit.
Further, two scanning elements if it exists are scattered in influence distance in the residue of airflow direction, and the first scanning is single A part of member is located at the downwind of the second scanning element, and another part is located at the upwind of the second scanning element, then according to It is secondary scanning the first scanning element with the wind part, at least part of the second scanning element and the first scanning element contrary wind portion Point.
Further, two scanning elements, a part of the first scanning element are located at the suitable of the second scanning element if it exists Wind direction, another part are located at the upwind of the second scanning element, and the part with the wind of the first scanning element is in air-flow if it exists The residue in direction influence distance of being scattered is outer, then suitable the branch for first scanning first unit divides or at least one of the second scanning element Point, or both scan simultaneously, then scan the contrary wind part of the first scanning element；The contrary wind part of first unit is in gas if it exists The residue in stream direction is scattered outside influence distance, then first scans the part with the wind of the first scanning element, then scan the first scanning element Inverse branch point or at least part of the second scanning element, or both scan simultaneously.
The method and apparatus provided according to the present invention enables the sequencing of scanning element to close with mutual position It is and coordinated with each other with air-flow, to effectively reduce because subsequent scanning element is made in the residue splashing generated in scanning process At influence, to improve the manufacturing quality of three-dimension object.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the precinct laser fusion equipment of manufacture three-dimension object according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is expressed as the scanning area schematic diagram with multiple scanning elements；
Fig. 3 is expressed as having the another schematic diagram of the scanning area of multiple scanning elements；
Fig. 4 is expressed as having the another schematic diagram of the scanning area of multiple scanning elements.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
It is a kind of precinct laser fusion as shown in Figure 1, being a kind of specific embodiment that can execute a kind of equipment of the invention Equipment.The laser melting unit has the container 9 of a upward opening.Setting one is for supporting object to be formed in the container 9 The support 2 of body.Support 2 can vertically move up and down in container 11 by a driving device 3.The top edge of container 11 Determine a working face 8.One laser 6 is set above working face 8, and laser 6 issues laser beam and by a deflection dress It sets 5 and deflects on working face 8 and be scanned, the regional location of scanning is three-dimension object 14 to be manufactured in this layer of working face 8 corresponding cross section positions, and one or more scanning element is formed, the powder in these scanning elements is excited optical scanning After solidify.
In addition, equipment further includes the scraper 4 for powdering, for one layer of dusty material paving to be solidified to be sent to support 2 Surface has been scanned on cured powder bed, and scraper 4 can be moved back and forth on working face 8 by means of driving device 3, work The powder made in plane 8 moves upwards offer by support 1 by powder storage device 10.Frame 11 is by working face 8 and provides powder More than last plane domain working cavity and ambient enviroment separate, and prevent dusty material oxidation in laser scanning, laser beam can To enter working cavity by window 7.Laser sintered equipment is additionally provided with stomata 12, and positioned at the upper side of working face, air-flow is logical It crosses gas transmission pipeline (not shown) to flow out from stomata 12, and an orientation blows over working face 8, scanning monitor 13 is used In the sequencing of scanning element of the control laser beam on working face 8, the determination of this sequence is being worked by scanning element The positional relationship and air-flow factor of plane 8 are coordinated to determine.
When equipment works, in laser beam irradiation powder process, since the high temperature of moment is easy to sputter some residues, this A little residues include condensing pockets of particle, uncured particle etc., and the air-flow of introducing blows off residue scanning area, reduce because Uneven and generation the quality problems of scanning area.After residue is blown afloat by air-flow, it is scattered in the downwind of scan position, or Person part is brought away from out scanning area, and residue is known as residue and is scattered to influence distance in the distance that can be covered that downwind is scattered H。
It is influenced to minimize residue to scanning process bring, the scanning formed on working face for three-dimension object When unit, scanning monitor reduces the sequential selection of scanning element to the greatest extent influence of the residue for scanning area.Such as Fig. 2 Shown, for the scanning area schematic diagram with multiple scanning elements, scanning element is residue in the dash area of wind direction in figure It is scattered region, the distance on wind direction is that residue is scattered and influences distance H.When the mutual residue of any two scanning element be scattered away from From when residue influences in distance H, if first scanning is located at the scanning element of contrary wind on wind direction, that residue being scattered can be with wind Into the scanning element fallen into the wind, the scanning quality of scanning element with the wind is influenced, therefore preferential selection scanning is located at the wind The scanning element in direction obviously has preferably scanning effect, and this selection mode can be presented as in Fig. 2, for scanning element 101 or 102 with scanning element 104, then first select 101 or 102, then carry out the scanning of Unit 104 again；For scanning 104 Hes Scanning element 106 then successively scans 104 and 106；Similarly for scanning element 103 and scanning element 105,103 Hes are successively scanned 105, if two scanning elements, each other not on wind direction, the sequencing scanned is unaffected, such as 105 He of scanning element 106.A kind of adoptable mode is successively to scan 101,102,103,104,105,106 in figure.
If there is two scanning elements, when the residue of airflow direction, which is scattered, to be influenced in distance H, the first scanning element A part is located at the downwind of the second scanning element, and another part is located at the upwind of the second scanning element, such as Fig. 3 institute Show, the scanning element 204 of round had both had cyclic annular scanning element the sweep test 202 of downwind, and there is also against the wind The sweep test 205 in direction, then successively scan 202,204,205.The rest part 201,203 of cyclic annular scanning element both can be first Scanning can also scan later, and a kind of adoptable mode is successively to scan 201,202,203,204,205 in figure.If two Scanning on wind direction partial region there are staggered, can in scanning element not only in the wind again in the part of upwind Carry out at least part of scanning.
If there is two scanning elements, when the residue of airflow direction, which is scattered, to be influenced outside distance H, as shown in figure 4, scanning The residue of unit 301 and 302 region of being scattered is minimum to affecting one another, and can almost ignore.In the case, even if one of them Scanning element be located at another scanning element with the wind or upwind, the scanning sequencing of the two can also replace mutually, Or it carries out simultaneously.It is worth noting that, here while carry out, refer to using double laser beam or multi-laser beam simultaneously Different zones are scanned.
More complicated, two scanning elements, a part of the first scanning element are located at the second scanning element if it exists Downwind, another part are located at the upwind of the second scanning element, and the part with the wind of the first scanning element is in gas if it exists The residue in stream direction is scattered and influences outside distance H: suitable the branch for then first scanning the first scanning element divides or the second scanning element At least part, or both scans simultaneously, then scans the contrary wind part of first unit；The contrary wind of first scanning element if it exists Part is scattered in the residue of airflow direction and is influenced outside distance H, then first scans the part with the wind of first unit, then scans the first scanning The inverse branch of unit point or at least part of the second scanning element, or both are scanned simultaneously.
As can be seen that other than position of the scanning element on wind direction is scattered by residue and to be influenced, the influence of being scattered of residue Distance H also has a major impact the selecting sequence of scanning element.For two scanning elements on wind direction, if first sweeps It retouches the part with the wind of unit or part can first be swept to first when the residue of airflow direction, which is scattered, to be influenced outside distance H against the wind It retouches unit or the second scanning element carries out globality scanning, after carrying out branch point processing to it, with the wind according still further to elder generation The sequence of contrary wind is implemented afterwards.Scanning in this way is advantageous in that, if carrying out branch point to an entire scan unit implements interval The scanning of formula can impact to its whole continuity, cause the defect of generation uneven in temperature, cause the collection of stress medium, To damage the quality of subsequent scanning process and three-dimension object.
The value of the influence distance H that is scattered of residue should also be as being arranged in suitable range.When H value is excessive, although being easy More residues are blown off scanning area, but the regional scope that residue is scattered can be bigger, and excessive H value is possible to spread and send Normal dusty material blows off scanning area and impacts；If H value is too small, the level of residue that may be blown off is fewer, residue The density in region of being scattered becomes larger, and the scanning quality in area of being scattered will cause and be blown into the level of residue for falling mouth than seriously affecting and also can It is fewer.
Being scattered of residue influences the setting of distance H value by can be by adjusting air velocity, flow, direction and gas outlet The conditions such as shape carry out coordinated control, select a suitable H value for reducing residue to the influence in manufacturing process, for making The stability made has good meaning.
In addition, if the area of certain scanning elements is sufficiently small, or for it is certain be that long and narrow strip is swept on wind direction Unit is retouched, in actual scanning, it is not necessary to make stringent judgement to the scanning sequency of these units, can need to adopt according to scanning With flexible scanning sequency strategy, this adjustment can also use in above-mentioned any situation.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, it is noted that for this field For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these all belong to In protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of three-dimension object is manufactured to dusty material progress selectively acting method layer-by-layer by energy beam, including such as Lower step:
(1) one layer of dusty material paving is sent on the cured layer of having been selected property；
(2) scanning of energy beam selectivity spreads the layer sent, solidifies so that the powder of scan position is selective, wherein scan position It is one or more three-dimension object to be manufactured at this layer of corresponding cross section position, forms one or more in the layer Scanning element；
(3) during the scanning process, there is air-flow to flow through scanned layer along airflow direction, the residue formed in scanning process is blown From；
It is characterized in that, at least in a region of cross section to be solidified, two scanning elements if it exists, in airflow direction Residue be scattered influence distance in, the first scanning element and the second scanning element are successively scanned, wherein the first scanning element is located at The downwind of the second scanning element on airflow direction；It is scattered outside influence distance in the residue of airflow direction, first scans first Scanning element or the second scanning element, or both scan simultaneously.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein by the speed, flow and the direction that adjust the air-flow come Adjusting the residue and being scattered influences distance.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that two scanning elements if it exists, in the residual of airflow direction Slag is scattered in influence distance, and a part of the first scanning element is located at the downwind of the second scanning element, and another part is located at The upwind of second scanning element, then successively scan the first scanning element with the wind part, the second scanning element at least one Part and the contrary wind part of the first scanning element.
4. a kind of equipment for dusty material progress selectively acting manufacturing three-dimension object layer-by-layer by energy beam, feature Be include,
Powdering unit, for sending dusty material paving in the cured layer of having been selected property；
Energy unit for generating energy beam, and is imported into the scanning that selectivity is carried out in the material layer that paving is sent, wherein scan Position is one or more three-dimension object to be manufactured at this layer of corresponding cross section position, forms one or more in the layer A scanning element；
Air flow unit blows off the residue formed in scanning process for making air-flow flow through scanned layer along airflow direction；
And a scanning control unit, for solving the scanning sequency for adjusting selected scanning element based on air flow unit, And distance is influenced to adjust residue and be scattered by adjusting the air flow unit.
5. the equipment of manufacture three-dimension object according to claim 4, which is characterized in that two scanning elements if it exists, The residue of airflow direction is scattered in influence distance, and a part of the first scanning element is located at the downwind of the second scanning element, Another part is located at the upwind of the second scanning element, then successively scans part with the wind, the second scanning of the first scanning element The contrary wind part of at least part of unit and the first scanning element.
CN201610844913.0A 2016-09-23 2016-09-23 A kind of method and apparatus manufacturing three-dimension object Active CN106312065B (en)

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Address after: No. 181, Linyu Road, national high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410205

Patentee after: Hunan Huashu High Tech Co.,Ltd.

Address before: No. 181, Linyu Road, national high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410205

Patentee before: HUNAN FARSOON HIGH-TECH Co.,Ltd.