CN106300396A - Realize charging electric vehicle switching device and the charging method of three-phrase burden balance - Google Patents
Realize charging electric vehicle switching device and the charging method of three-phrase burden balance Download PDFInfo
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- CN106300396A CN106300396A CN201610755212.XA CN201610755212A CN106300396A CN 106300396 A CN106300396 A CN 106300396A CN 201610755212 A CN201610755212 A CN 201610755212A CN 106300396 A CN106300396 A CN 106300396A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field that charging electric vehicle controls, particularly relate to a kind of charging electric vehicle switching device realizing three-phrase burden balance and charging method, including be sequentially connected: miniature measurement voltage changer, Signal-regulated kinase, A/D sampling module, CPU module, one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch and charger unit;Miniature measurement voltage changer input termination three phase mains;Three phase mains is three-phase four-wire system, respectively A phase, B phase, C phase and N line;The input of one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch is also connected with the A phase of three phase mains, B phase, C;Charger unit is connected with the outfan of one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch and the N line of three phase mains respectively;According to the result of A/D conversion, select described A phase, B phase, voltage is the highest in C phase a phase, and by one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch turn on described voltage the highest one as charging electric vehicle power supply, it is achieved power distribution network three-phrase burden balance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field that charging electric vehicle controls, particularly relate to a kind of electricity realizing three-phrase burden balance
Electrical automobile charging switchgear and charging method.
Background technology
Energy crisis and environmental pollution are two hang-ups faced in world today's evolution, and substantial amounts of orthodox car
Energy crisis and environmental pollution are brought very important impact.Electric automobile the most directly consumes primary energy, because having effect
The advantages such as the high and low pollution of rate, comparing orthodox car in terms of solving the problems referred to above has incomparable advantage.Domestic are travelled frequently electricity
Electrical automobile (private savings electric automobile), generally at stagnation of movement in the daytime, is parked in garage, community night, has the longer chargeable period for choosing
Select, generally use routine charging modes at a slow speed, i.e. use single-phase 220V power supply to be charged.
Three-phase imbalance refers to that in three-phase power line the amplitude of the current/voltage of each phase line is unequal or phase angle difference
It is not 120 degree.Three-phase equilibrium is the basis of power grid security economical operation, and serious three-phase imbalance not only results in quality of voltage
Defective, also can increase grid loss (circuit, transformer loss), even cause power grid security accident.
Scale private savings electric automobile is when garage, community charges at a slow speed, if not taking control measure, significantly
Problem is: 1) increase regional power grid peak load value further great load peak-valley difference;2) cause three-phase load unbalance, make
Local depression power distribution network non-equilibrium among three phase voltages is defective, network loss increases, even threaten the safe operation of electrical equipment.
By document analysis, the research of the most most private savings electric automobile charging methods the most at a slow speed, equal pin
Single-phase charging system is modeled analysis, have ignored analysis and the process of low-voltage network three-phase imbalance problem.
Prior art also has the research load unbalanced administering method of low-voltage distribution network (but not for charging electric vehicle).On
Method of stating in each phase load in bus exit (the enclosed part of dotted line in Fig. 1), forms user power utilization side by detection low-voltage circuit
Case (each user is electric mutually with which), the phase selection then by wired or wireless communication mode, control instruction being handed down to user is opened
Close.
The load unbalanced administering method of this low-voltage distribution network has the disadvantage in that 1) when system occurs load unbalanced,
The phase-selecting switch number of participation action is the most, and phase-selecting switch acts frequently;2) phase-selecting switch action moment, customer charge can be deposited
At power failure or Voltage Drop, affect customer power supply reliability and Electrical Safety.3) communication media is needed to realize control signal
Issue.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention propose a kind of charging electric vehicle switching device realizing three-phrase burden balance and
Charging method.
A kind of charging electric vehicle realizing three-phrase burden balance accesses switching device, and described device includes: miniature measurement
Voltage changer, Signal-regulated kinase, A/D sampling module, CPU module, one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch and charger unit;
Described miniature measurement voltage changer input termination three phase mains, described miniature measurement voltage converter output connects
The input of described Signal-regulated kinase;Described three phase mains is three-phase four-wire system, respectively A phase, B phase, C phase and N line;
The input of described A/D sampling module terminates the outfan of described Signal-regulated kinase, and output terminates described CPU
Module;
The outfan of described CPU module is connected with the input of described one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch, and described one-out-three is mutual
The input of lock solid-state switch is also connected with the A phase of described three phase mains, B phase, C;
Described charger unit interlocks outfan and the N line of described three phase mains of solid-state switch respectively with described one-out-three
Connect.
Described miniature measurement voltage changer is 220V/5V miniature measurement voltage changer.
Described A/D sampling module specifically includes: sampling holding, multi-path choice and A/D change three parts.
A kind of device used described in any of the above-described item method to charging electric vehicle, described method includes walking as follows
Rapid:
S1, is transformed to signals collecting voltage by supply voltage;
S2, transforms to A/D input voltage range by the output voltage of described miniature measurement voltage changer, and to sampling letter
Number it is filtered;
S3, carries out sampling holding, multi-path choice and A/D conversion to filtered signal;
S4, according to the result of A/D conversion, selects the phase that in described A phase, B phase, C phase, voltage is the highest, and mutual by one-out-three
Voltage described in locking state switch conduction the highest one as charging electric vehicle power supply.
Described step S4 also includes: according to input control signal, the most biphase by addition to the phase that described voltage is the highest
Cut-off.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
The present invention devises a kind of electric automobile battery charger realizing three-phrase burden balance and accesses switching device.Utilize private savings
Trip rule (go on a journey and go home time, the daily travel) data of electric automobile and charge data, should to the reality of this device
With being emulated, demonstrate this device and realizing charging balancing the load, improving non-equilibrium among three phase voltages and reduce distribution line
The effect damaged.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be low voltage electric network three-phase load unbalance immediately regulate and control schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that automatic Load balance electric vehicle charging accesses switching device figure;
Fig. 3 is that private savings electric automobile community underground garage concentrates charging low-voltage distribution network wiring schematic diagram at a slow speed;
Fig. 4 is that private savings electric automobile community underground garage concentrates charging low-voltage distribution network wiring sketch;
Fig. 5 is that the last stroke of private vehicle returns moment probability distribution graph;
Fig. 6 is private vehicle daily travel probability distribution graph;
Fig. 7 is that constant current constant voltage two benches charges at a slow speed sequential chart;
Fig. 8 is scheme 1 each phase charge power sequential chart;
Fig. 9 is scheme 1 non-equilibrium among three phase voltages sequential chart;
Figure 10 is scheme 1 endpoint node each phase node voltage amplitude sequential chart;
Figure 11 is scheme 2 each phase charge power sequential chart;
Figure 12 is scheme 2 non-equilibrium among three phase voltages sequential chart;
Figure 13 is scheme 2 endpoint node each phase node voltage amplitude sequential chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, embodiment is elaborated.
For the demand characteristics (single-phase 220V charging) of the load that charges at a slow speed in private savings electric automobile community, devise one
The electric automobile battery charger being automatically obtained three-phrase burden balance by detection plant-grid connection point voltage accesses switching device, such as Fig. 2
Shown in.
TV module is a miniature measurement voltage changer, 220V supply voltage is transformed to low voltage, to facilitate letter
Number gather, this device have employed 220V/5V miniature measurement voltage changer;
Signal-regulated kinase: TV output voltage transforms to A/D input voltage range, filters being sampled signal simultaneously
Ripple, suppression interference is to improve accuracy in measurement and the stability of system;
A/D sampling module: mainly include that sampling holding, multi-path choice and A/D change three parts, it is achieved the number of analog voltage
Word.
CPU module: control system co-ordination, completes A/D conversion and data process, and selects the phase that voltage is the highest, then
Control one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch conducting voltage the highest as charging electric vehicle power supply.
One-out-three interlocking solid-state switch: be a three-phase mutual locking solid-state switch, according to input control signal, gates it
In one be conducted, other two cut-offs.
This switching device has a characteristic that
1) U is automatically detectedAN、UBN、UCNVoltage, selects voltage the highest one as charging electric vehicle power supply;
2) load (charging electric vehicle load) carries out phase selection before accessing, and persistently uses this phase electricity as charging after access
Power supply, until charging complete, midway no longer switch other as charge power supply, the most there is not power failure or Voltage Drop
Phenomenon;
3) need not distant place control, application simplicity.
Community parking position charging system schematic diagram such as Fig. 3 institute at a slow speed of based on the present invention " automatic Load balance cock "
Show.
In order to verify the effectiveness of this patent, concentrate charging design side at a slow speed according to real cell underground garage electric automobile
Case has carried out simulating, verifying (the electronic quantity of current private savings is few, can only carry out simulating, verifying).The electronic vapour of private savings obtained based on Fig. 3
Car community underground garage concentrates the low-voltage distribution network wiring sketch of charging as shown in Figure 4, electrical equipment and low-voltage distributing line in figure
Parameter is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 low-voltage distribution system electrical equipment parameter
According to dividing about domestic compact electric vehicle, middle-and-high-ranking electric automobile and SUV electric automobile in pertinent literature
Class mode and fuel oil private car are about the recoverable amount ratio of compact-type automobile, middle-and-high-ranking automobile and SUV automobile, each vehicle obtained
Parameter and vehicle ratio as shown in table 2, be daily output Leaf, Chang'an E30, BYDE6 with reference to car system.
The parameter of table 2 each car system and vehicle ratio
Three-phase imbalance refers to that in three-phase power line the amplitude of the current/voltage of each phase line is unequal or phase angle difference
It is not 120 degree.Three-phase equilibrium is the basis of power grid security economical operation, and serious three-phase imbalance not only results in quality of voltage
Defective, also can increase grid loss (circuit, transformer loss), even cause power grid security accident.Out-of-balance current is not (by
Balanced load produces) it is the major reason causing asymmetrical voltage, and Voltage unbalance is one of quality of power supply examination parameter,
When i.e. electrical network is properly functioning, power system points of common connection negative sequence voltage degree of unbalancedness (state's scale value) is less than 2%, does not surpasses
Cross 4%.
Based on the private savings electric automobile community underground garage shown in Fig. 3 concentrate charging system (every 50 mutually of charging parking position,
Amount to 150) and table 1, table 2 shown in electrical equipment parameter, the trip rule of private savings electric automobile and row in employing pertinent literature
Sail mileage probability density function, carried out respectively not using and use automatic Load balance electric vehicle charging to access switch
The time stimulatiom (5 minutes as a time interval) of the two schemes of device, detailed process is as follows:
Being accustomed to car according to private savings electric automobile, private savings electric automobile paddy period of drawing of statistics charges hypothesis bar in order
Part is as follows:
(1) what electric automobile possessed start to charge up, and the moment returns the moment for last trip, starts to charge up the moment and meets
Following normal distribution, its probability density function is:
In formula, μS=17.6;σS=3.4.
Obtain the last stroke of private vehicle and return moment probability distribution graph as shown in Figure 5.
(2) daily travel meets following logarithm normal distribution, and its probability density function is:
In formula, μD=3.20;σD=0.88.
Obtain private vehicle daily travel probability distribution graph as shown in Figure 6.
(3) electric household automobile power cell capacity is generally evenly distributed in the range of 20-30kWh.Current electronic vapour
Car electrokinetic cell, based on lithium battery, typically uses syllogic low current charge mode at a slow speed, three stage charging system rank in community
Section is pre-charging stage, constant-current charging phase and constant voltage charging phase respectively, as shown in Figure 3.Charge in private savings electric automobile community
Using Vehicular charger, having only to parking stall offer when using charging at a slow speed and wanting a rated current is 16A (or bigger)
The charging pile of the power supply of alternating current 220V, i.e. automatic Load balance electric vehicle charging access the output of switching device solid-state switch.
The distribution of electric household automobile power cell capacity generally in the range of 20-30kWh (also having capacity with big) in
Normal distribution.Electric household automobile power cell is based on the two benches low current charge method at a slow speed of constant current constant voltage at present, respectively
The charge power PC of electric automobile takes 0.1C or 0.2C (C is battery capacity, unit kWh), i.e. 2-6kW (filling of high capacity cell
Electrical power also can be larger) charging process is approximately constant output characteristic, as shown in Figure 7.
The trickle charge power of each electric automobile shown in simulation process employing table 2 carries out invariable power charging, i.e. PC=3kW/
4.8kW/15kW
(4) charging electric vehicle Time Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, TCFor charging interval length, unit (h);L is daily travel, unit (km);W100It is hundred km power consumption,
Unit (kWh);PCFor charge power, unit (kW).
Analysis of simulation result:
Scheme 1: do not use automatic Load balance electric vehicle charging to access switching device
The charging private savings electric automobile distribution situation that emulation obtains is as follows: participated in the automobile of charging the same day and amounts to 145, its
In, A phase: 48, B phase: 50, C phase: 47;The total kilometres of these vehicles: 8434 kilometers, total charge volume:
1380.4kWh;The charge power sequential chart obtained is as shown in Figure 8.
Add up the node non-equilibrium among three phase voltages value that each moment non-equilibrium among three phase voltages is the most serious, the system three obtained
Phase voltage imbalance angle value sequential chart is as shown in Figure 9.Endpoint node each phase node voltage amplitude sequential chart is as shown in Figure 10.
24 hours network loss of ABC three-phase and system network loss rate are as follows:
A phase: 8.39kWh, B phase: 9.96kWh, C:7.04kWh;Δ P%=1.8%
Scheme 2: use automatic Load balance electric vehicle charging to access switching device
The charging private savings electric automobile distribution situation that emulation obtains is as follows: participated in the automobile of charging the same day and amounts to 146, its
In, A phase: 49, B phase: 47, C phase: 50;The total kilometres of these vehicles: 8329 kilometers, total charge volume:
1398.6kWh;The charge power sequential chart obtained is as shown in figure 11.
Add up the node non-equilibrium among three phase voltages value that each moment non-equilibrium among three phase voltages is the most serious, the system three obtained
Phase voltage imbalance angle value sequential chart is as shown in figure 12.Endpoint node each phase node voltage amplitude sequential chart is as shown in figure 13.
24 hours network loss of ABC three-phase and system network loss rate are as follows:
A phase: 7.81kWh, B phase: 6.02kWh, C:7.91kWh;Δ P%=1.6%
Scheme 1 and scheme 2 relative analysis
By Fig. 8 and Figure 11 it can be seen that in the case of charging vehicle is suitable, be provided without the three-phase equilibrium of apparatus of the present invention
During charge mode, B phase occurs in that nearly 8kW overload, and A, C are biphase occurs in that slight overload (Fig. 8), and uses apparatus of the present invention
Three-phase equilibrium charge mode time, every duty ratio relatively equalizes, and overload does not only occur, and also leaves certain load territory
Degree.
During by Fig. 9 and Figure 12 it can be seen that be provided without the three-phase equilibrium charge mode of apparatus of the present invention, system occurs in that bright
Aobvious non-equilibrium among three phase voltages (exceeding GB permissible value 2%), and when using the three-phase equilibrium charge mode of apparatus of the present invention,
Do not occur that non-equilibrium among three phase voltages exceeds standard phenomenon.
By Figure 10 and Figure 13 it can be seen that use apparatus of the present invention three-phase equilibrium charge mode after, endpoint node voltage
Endpoint node voltage minimum when minima (212.5V) is significantly better than the three-phase equilibrium charge mode being provided without apparatus of the present invention
(208.5V), quality of voltage have also been obtained lifting.
After additionally using the three-phase equilibrium charge mode of apparatus of the present invention, system network loss rate is also subtracted by 1.8% before using
Lack after employing 1.6%.
The switching device of the present invention has a characteristic that 1) automatically detect UAN、UBN、UCNVoltage, selects the highest phase of voltage
As charging electric vehicle power supply;2) load (charging electric vehicle load) carries out phase selection before accessing, and persistently uses after access
This phase electricity is as charge power supply, until charging is complete, midway no longer switch other as charge power supply, the most there is not power supply
Interrupt or Voltage Drop phenomenon;3) need not distant place control, application simplicity.
The present invention devises a kind of electric automobile battery charger realizing three-phrase burden balance and accesses switching device.Utilize private savings
Trip rule (go on a journey and go home time, the daily travel) data of electric automobile and charge data, should to the reality of this device
With being emulated, demonstrate this device and realizing charging balancing the load, improving non-equilibrium among three phase voltages and reduce distribution line
The effect damaged.
This embodiment is only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope that the invention discloses, the change that can readily occur in or replacement,
All should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims
It is as the criterion.
Claims (5)
1. the charging electric vehicle realizing three-phrase burden balance accesses switching device, it is characterised in that described device includes:
Miniature measurement voltage changer, Signal-regulated kinase, A/D sampling module, CPU module, one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch and charging
Machine unit;
Described miniature measurement voltage changer input termination three phase mains, described miniature measurement voltage converter output connects described
The input of Signal-regulated kinase;Described three phase mains is three-phase four-wire system, respectively A phase, B phase, C phase and N line;
The input of described A/D sampling module terminates the outfan of described Signal-regulated kinase, and output terminates described CPU mould
Block;
The outfan of described CPU module is connected with the input of described one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch, and described one-out-three locks mutually
The input of state switch is also connected with the A phase of described three phase mains, B phase, C;
Described charger unit connects with the outfan of described one-out-three interlocking solid-state switch and the N line of described three phase mains respectively
Connect.
Device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described miniature measurement voltage changer is that 220V/5V is miniature
Measure voltage changer.
Device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described A/D sampling module specifically includes: sampling keep, many
Road selects and A/D changes three parts.
4. the device used described in any one of the claim 1-3 method to charging electric vehicle, it is characterised in that described
Method comprises the steps:
S1, is transformed to signals collecting voltage by supply voltage;
S2, transforms to A/D input voltage range by the output voltage of described miniature measurement voltage changer, and enters sampled signal
Row filtering;
S3, carries out sampling holding, multi-path choice and A/D conversion to filtered signal;
S4, according to the result of A/D conversion, selects the phase that in described A phase, B phase, C phase, voltage is the highest, and is locked mutually by one-out-three
Voltage described in state switch conduction the highest one as charging electric vehicle power supply.
Method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described step S4 also includes: according to input control signal, will
Other biphase cut-off in addition to the phase that described voltage is the highest.
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