CN106291447B - A kind of missile-borne beacon system - Google Patents
A kind of missile-borne beacon system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106291447B CN106291447B CN201610786208.XA CN201610786208A CN106291447B CN 106291447 B CN106291447 B CN 106291447B CN 201610786208 A CN201610786208 A CN 201610786208A CN 106291447 B CN106291447 B CN 106291447B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
- G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
- G01S1/68—Marker, boundary, call-sign, or like beacons transmitting signals not carrying directional information
- G01S1/685—Marker, boundary, call-sign, or like beacons transmitting signals not carrying directional information using pulse modulation, e.g. pulse frequency modulation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of missile-borne beacon systems, including 2.4GHz communication module, logic control element, UWB impulse generator, Anneta module, power module and local clock unit；2.4GHz communication module receives the starting positioning instruction that ground control base station is sent, and sends logic control element to；Logic control element determines whether the self-curing identity coding of beacon bullet matches with the localizer beacon bullet ID number in starting positioning instruction, if matching, generates control logic by numerical time and is sent to UWB impulse generator；UWB impulse generator completes the generation of UWB pulse train data frame signal under the triggering of control logic；Anneta module is to external radiation UWB pulse train data frame signal；Power module provides electric energy for missile-borne beacon system；Local clock unit provides local clock for missile-borne beacon system.The present invention is suitble to the short flight positioning of High-velocity Projectiles, and small in size is suitable for installing and using on bullet.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to trajectory estimates and field of locating technology, and in particular to a kind of missile-borne beacon system.
Background technique
When carrying out trajectory estimate and positioning using super-broadband tech, UWB label need to be loaded in bullet and is believed as missile-borne
Base station sends positioning signal to mark to the ground, and ground base station, which detects, to be sent to via cable again after the positioning signal that label is sent
Central processor is measured in real time bullet by corresponding location algorithm.
In bullet wireless location problem, common missile-borne beacon is radar beacon, GPS beacon and ″Beidou″ beacon.Radar
Radio Beacon is installed in target or response function greatly prolongs the operating distance of primary radar, is improved anti-interference ability, is reduced target
The influence of echo flashing and the limitation of cross section of radar targets, provide target identification means, are applied in trajectory measurement, thunder
Accurate location, the speed of target can be provided up to beacon, draw ballistic trajectory, but radar beacon is influenced by target property, it is right
High motor-driven bullet measurement capability is weak, and the technical difficulty of bullet stream Miss distance measurement is big in the case of realization multitube, more big gun salvos.GPS
It is not necessarily to establish base station progress difference in use with ″Beidou″ beacon, beacon station, i.e. base station is established by unification of the motherland, no
The disconnected RTCM-104 differential signal that standard is broadcast with certain frequency, as long as soon as user has a beacon GPS/ Beidou receiver,
Differential positioning can be carried out, resource, save the cost can be preferably utilized.But GPS/ Beidou positioning need to search magnitude it is longer
Start preparation process, is not suitable for the short flight positioning of High-velocity Projectiles, and volume is big, it is difficult to install and use on bullet.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology with urgent technical need, the present invention provides a kind of missile-borne beacon system, utilizes
UWB label generates and sends the radio transmission capabilities of nanosecond or subnanosecond grade ultra-narrow pulse and the bandwidth with GHz magnitude, resists
Interference, advantage small in size, low in energy consumption, penetration power is strong emit UWB pulse train encoded signal, realize the identification of bullet identity
With positioning.
Technical purpose to realize the present invention, present invention employs following technical solutions:
A kind of missile-borne beacon system, including 2.4GHz communication module, logic control element, UWB impulse generator, antenna mould
Block, power module and local clock unit；
2.4GHz communication module is used to receive the starting positioning instruction of ground control base station transmission, and sends logic control to
Unit；Logic control element is used to determine the self-curing identity coding of beacon bullet and starts the localizer beacon bullet in positioning instruction
Whether ID number matches, if matching, generates control logic by numerical time and is sent to UWB impulse generator；UWB pulse generation
Device is used under the triggering of control logic, completes the generation of UWB pulse train data frame signal；Anneta module is used for external radiation
UWB pulse train data frame signal；Power module is used to provide electric energy for missile-borne beacon system；Local clock unit is used to be bullet
Information carrying mark system provides local clock.
Advantageous effects of the invention are embodied in:
The present invention generates and sends the radio transmission capabilities and tool of nanosecond or subnanosecond grade ultra-narrow pulse using UWB label
There is the bandwidth of GHz magnitude, the advantage anti-interference, small in size, low in energy consumption, penetration power is strong installs it additional integrated after consolidation process
Into projectile head blast cap, emit UWB pulse train encoded signal, realizes the identification and positioning of bullet identity.Due to UWB beacon
Directly to Base Transmitter signal, without searching star positioning by satellite, so being suitble to the short flight positioning of High-velocity Projectiles.Entirely
System bulk is small, is very suitable for installing and using on bullet.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is UWB positioning label construction block diagram；
Fig. 2 is 2.4GHz communication module for receiving ground control base station by 2.4GHz channel transfer come " starting
Positioning " instruction frame structure diagram；
Fig. 3 is when judgement needs label to start and sends UWB pulse train, in the cooperation of local precision clock module
Under, transmitted UWB data frame structure figure；
Fig. 4 is that binary data " 0 " or " 1 " are indicated by the relative time-intervals of 3 pulses, UWB pulse-position modulation
Data bit structure chart；
Fig. 5 is that Logic control module realizes structure chart；
Fig. 6 is the power supply required voltage conversion circuit figure for meeting label；
Fig. 7 is that UWB label shape designs " pagoda " according to the space that blast cap corresponding with bullet shape and shell are constituted
Type structure chart.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 is missile-borne beacon system functional structure chart of the present invention.Missile-borne beacon system includes 2.4GHz communication module, logic
Control unit, UWB impulse generator, Anneta module, power module and local clock, as shown in Figure 1.2.4GHz communication module is used
In " starting positioning " instruction for receiving ground control base station and sending, and by reception result notice logic control element；Logic control
Unit is the core of entire tag system, for the coordinated operation of each component of coordinated control tag system, and presses numerical time control
UWB impulse generator processed sends UWB pulse signal；UWB impulse generator is the generation unit of label UWB pulse sequence signal,
Under the triggering of control logic, the generation of UWB pulse train data frame is completed；Local clock unit provides accurately for tag system
Local clock, regularly sending for UWB pulse signal is effectively ensured；Anneta module is used for external radiation UWB signal；Power module
Electric energy is provided for tag system.
Each module is described in detail below:
(1) 2.4GHz Communication Module Design
On UWB label 2.4GHz communication module be used for receive ground control base station by 2.4GHz channel transfer come
" starting positioning " command frame, as shown in Fig. 2, illustrating the target of network type target area inspection at this time when receiving " starting positioning " command frame
Processing system wishes once to position beacon bullet, if the positioning in the self-curing identity coding and command frame of beacon bullet
The matching of beacon bullet ID number, then at this moment label can emit defined UWB pulse sequence signal under control logic effect.As the world
The open standard frequency used, there is the 2.4GHz communication module of a large amount of maturations currently on the market, and present example selects SZ05 system
Column wireless built Miniaturized Communications module.The product band occupancy range is 2400MHz~2483MHz, is expanded using direct sequence
Frequency technology has very strong anti-interference ability, and the data of wireless transmission can be completed to receive and dispatch by general RS232 interface, highest
Communication baud rate supports maximum data packet having a size of 256 bytes, meets the data transportation requirements of this system up to 115200bps,
Meanwhile the module has 2000 meters of communications distance, and power adjustable, also meets 1 kilometer of this system of communication distance and wants
It asks.By the software setting to SZ05 communication module, communication network can be set to broadcast mode, wherein ground control base station is made
For broadcast node transmitting " starting positioning " command frame, each beacon bullet label is received as broadcast reception node and is instructed, and in due course
Start subsequent corresponding UWB signal transmitting process.
(2) Logic control module
Logic control module is the control core of tag system, it receives 2.4GHz communication module by RS232 interface and passes
" starting positioning " instruction come is passed, when judgement needs label to start and sends UWB pulse train, in local precision clock module
Cooperation under, send UWB data frame structure shown in Fig. 3.UWB data frame is by 19 set of data bits at 1-2bit are startings
Flag bit, 3-12bit are identity ID, and 13-15bit are position pulse positions, and 16-17 are data check position, 18-19bit
Position is end mark position.Bits per inch evidence can be used UWB pulse-position modulation mode and realize, i.e., each bit is made of 3 UWB pulses,
Binary data " 0 " or " 1 " are indicated by the relative time-intervals of this 3 pulses, data bit architecture is as shown in Figure 4.Entirely
The duration of bit digit pulse is 15us, if long shape, the i.e. interval of pulse 1 and pulse 2 after data bit architecture is short before presenting
Time is less than 5us, and pulse 2 and the interval time of pulse 3 are greater than 10us, then binary data " 0 " are stated, whereas if data
Bit architecture is presented the front part is long and the back is short shape, i.e. the interval time of pulse 1 and pulse 2 is greater than 10us, when the interval of pulse 2 and pulse 3
Between be less than 5us, then state binary data " 1 ", multiple data bit are combined as a result, that is, constitute complete UWB data
Frame.Logic control element is providing the moment to UWB pulse according to the UWB data frame information to be sent according to pulse-position modulation mechanism
Generator module sends trigger signal, and starting UWB pulse generator module generates UWB pulse train, completes UWB pulse code tune
System.Wherein dominant frequency rate requirement need to be greater than 200MHz.Since the time interval between two adjacent UWB pulses in Fig. 4 is not less than
5us, to guarantee to emit the sequential relationship between UWB pulse train, the time precision of trigger signal should be not less than 0.005us, this is just
It is required that the dominant frequency of logic control element reaches 200MHz or more, can easily it be realized using common fpga chip, Altera is public
The Cyclone II type fpga chip dominant frequency of department's production can achieve 260MHz, fully meet the place of this system Logic control module
Rate request is managed, simultaneously because FPGA has flexible functional module programmability, can be patrolled by software being internally embedded
It is functional to collect the institute such as RS232 interface, CPU and trigger pulse output interface required for control unit, does not need that other volumes are added
Outer device meets the Miniaturization Design requirement of label.Realize that structure is as shown in Figure 5.
(3) UWB impulse generator
Under the triggering control of Logic control module, the UWB pulse of a nanosecond or subnanosecond grade is generated at the regulation moment.
In example, pulsewidth 1ns, bandwidth is not less than 1GHz.The general impulse waveform of UWB system has raised cosine pulse, polycycle pulse wave
Forms, these waveforms such as shape, Gaussian pulse and its each rank differential possess extremely wide spectrum width.Wherein Gaussian pulse can be direct
Change waveform by adjusting the pulse shaping factor, while can also be more multi-form by obtaining to original pulse differential, because
This preferred Gaussian pulse signal is as UWB signal form of the invention.
(4) UWB antenna
Anneta module is used for external radiation UWB signal, and operating distance is not less than 1Km, and frequency domain, which rises and falls, is less than 5dB, hemisphere
Omnidirectional's covering.According to UWB signal feature, UWB dual-mode antenna does not require nothing more than big bandwidth, i.e., possesses in very wide frequency range good
Good standing-wave ratio and higher gain, while requirement is almost the same to the time delay of different frequency signals in bandwidth range,
This proposes very high requirement to Antenna Design.The superiority and inferiority of UWB dual-mode antenna performance, directly affect UWB signal transmission range and
Coverage area.
Present example provides a kind of microstrip-fed small-sized plane ultra-wideband antenna.The antenna is similar to general micro-strip
Slot antenna, in order to obtain the frequency characteristic of ultra wide band, the microstrip-fed unit of antenna uses the arc-shaped tuning of grading structure
Minor matters, metal floor are then designed to symmetrical polygonized structure, the ptfe substrate that it is 4.4 in dielectric constant that antenna, which is established,
On, according to λ/2 relationship W=of antenna width and signal wavelength, it can substantially determine that the gross dimensions of antenna are W=24mm, L=
24mm, h=1.5mm.In order to guarantee the big bandwidth of antenna, antenna uses relatively smooth arc-shaped grading structure, so that negative
Carrying impedance can be more equal with the characteristic impedance of feeder line than on wider frequency band at one.In addition, in order to effectively obstruct citizens band,
The stopband gap of a bit of arc-shaped is opened in the center of antenna, is avoided dry between UWB signal and civil signal
It disturbs.
(5) power module
The beacon energy is selected a large amount of in Large diameter gun-howitzer radio proximity fuse and time fuse in present example
The reserve type chemical cell used, battery by recoil and is centrifuged double environmental forces activation when transmitting, having a size of φ 39 × 25.7, mark
Claim voltage 30V, load 80mA, the working time is not less than 150 seconds.To require be 2.5 due to UWB working voltage of electronic tag~
4.2V, operating current 200mA, it is seen that for guarantee label reliably working, need to reserve type chemical cell export 30V voltage into
Row DC conversion, can be used TPS75733 voltage transformation module, which can be converted to 3.3V's for large-scale input voltage
Normal voltage, while there is the High-current output ability of 3A, meet the power supply needs of label, circuit such as Fig. 6 is realized in voltage conversion
It is shown.
(6) local clock module
High-precision time synchronization is generallyd use between locating base station is completed by the mode that control base station unifies time service, due to
The rapid development of present microprocessing, the frequency accuracy for shaking clock are continuously improved, wherein when the concussion of high-precision GPS output
Clock precision can achieve ps grades, and high-speed programmable gate array FPGA is utilized other than with powerful signal processing and control ability
Its internal frequency multiplication phase shift phase lock circuitry, concussion clock accuracy also can achieve 10-11 second-time, this is just mentioned for control base station
Point-device local clock is supplied, control base station can periodically pass to the local clock of oneself by wire cable each
Locating base station, to realize the time synchronization of each locating base station.
The design of above-mentioned tag system meets claimed below:
(1) have the function of ultra wide band (UWB) pulse generation, generate the UWB pulse signal that bandwidth is not less than 1GHz；
(2) have the function of that ultra wide band (UWB) impulse modulation, modulation generate one for identifying unique volume of bullet identity
Code；
(3) has the function of ultra wide band (UWB) impulse ejection, antenna gain meets 1km required distance；Simultaneously, it is contemplated that bullet
Skyborne quick rotation (200 revolutions per seconds of the axial acceleration) feature of ball, it is desirable that antenna radiation pattern has hemisphere omni-directional, antenna
Polarization mode is circular polarisation；
(4) network type target area inspection target processing system control instruction can be received, whether Collaborative Control label starts work；It is logical
Communication distance is not less than 1km；
(5) it is adapted to fit with inside bullet, UWB tag size is matched with bullet blast cap size；
(6) related request of environmental suitability reference radio influence fuse adapts to the launching over loading of shell ammunition.
It is integrated into projectile head blast cap as previously mentioned, being installed additional after the reinforced processing of UWB label, physical size, physics
The selection of structure, component must be designed for the requirement of projectile head blast cap size and environment.UWB label shape is necessary
It is designed according to the space that blast cap corresponding with bullet shape and shell are constituted, using " pagoda " type structure, as shown in fig. 7, UWB
Tag circuit plate is divided into four layers, every layer with a thickness of 1mm, diameter of phi 30, interval 5mm between layers, antenna is in top (bullet
Head direction).In UWB tag environment adaptability design, each board design and connection will consider anti-big overload and dosing technology,
General patch type integrated circuit, resistance, ceramic condenser, solid tantalum capacitor can meet anti-big overload requirement after encapsulating, for
The poor quartz oscillator of anti-overload ability, it is necessary to select the product of reinforcing, Case Experiments On A verifying shows to be resistant to 30,000 g
Above overload is able to satisfy the needs of the design.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of missile-borne beacon system installs additional after reinforced processing and is integrated into projectile head blast cap, which is characterized in that including
2.4GHz communication module, logic control element, UWB impulse generator, Anneta module, power module and local clock unit；
2.4GHz communication module is used to receive the starting positioning instruction of ground control base station transmission, and sends logic control list to
Member；Logic control element is used to determine the self-curing identity coding of beacon bullet and starts the localizer beacon bullet ID in positioning instruction
Number whether match, if matching, generates control logic by numerical time and be sent to UWB impulse generator；UWB impulse generator
For completing the generation of UWB pulse train data frame signal under the triggering of control logic；Anneta module is used for external radiation
UWB pulse train data frame signal；Power module is used to provide electric energy for missile-borne beacon system；Local clock unit is used to be bullet
Information carrying mark system provides local clock.
2. missile-borne beacon system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the UWB number that the UWB impulse generator generates
It is formed according to frame by 19 bit, wherein 1-2bit are beginning flag positions, and 3-12bit are identity ID, and 13-15bit are
Position pulse position, 16-17 are data check positions, and 18-19bit are end mark positions；Bits per inch is according to using UWB pulse-position modulation
Mode realizes that is, each bit is made of 3 UWB pulses, indicates binary system by the relative time-intervals of this 3 pulses
Data 0 or 1.
3. missile-borne beacon system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the duration of each bit digit pulse is
15us, if long shape after data bit architecture is short before presenting, the i.e. interval time of pulse 1 and pulse 2 are less than 5us, pulse 2 and arteries and veins
The interval time of punching 3 is greater than 10us, then states binary data 0, whereas if the front part is long and the back is short shape is presented in data bit architecture,
I.e. the interval time of pulse 1 and pulse 2 is greater than 10us, and pulse 2 and the interval time of pulse 3 are less than 5us, then state binary number
According to 1.
4. missile-borne beacon system according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the UWB pulse train data frame signal
Using Gaussian pulse signal.
5. missile-borne beacon system according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the dominant frequency of the logic control element is big
In equal to 200MHz.
6. missile-borne beacon system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the Anneta module includes with micro-
Antenna with feed element, antenna are established on the ptfe substrate that dielectric constant is 4.4, and metal accompanying by substrate connects
Floor is at symmetrical polygonized structure；Antenna uses arc-shaped grading structure, opens one section of circular arc in the center of antenna
The stopband gap of shape, microstrip-fed unit use the arc-shaped tuning minor matters of grading structure.
7. missile-borne beacon system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the power module will be for that will input
Voltage is converted to the normal voltage of 3.3V, while having the High-current output ability of 3A.
8. missile-borne beacon system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the biography of the 2.4GHz communication module
Defeated interface uses RS232 interface.
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| CN107342778B (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-07-26 | 湖北三江航天红林探控有限公司 | Missile-borne wireless beacon signal emitter |
| CN110045395B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2021-10-08 | 北京和协航电信息科技有限公司 | Target detection method, system and equipment based on navigation satellite signals |
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