CN106289145A - A kind of cylindricity On-machine Test method - Google Patents
A kind of cylindricity On-machine Test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106289145A CN106289145A CN201610958507.7A CN201610958507A CN106289145A CN 106289145 A CN106289145 A CN 106289145A CN 201610958507 A CN201610958507 A CN 201610958507A CN 106289145 A CN106289145 A CN 106289145A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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Abstract
The present invention relates to machining and detection field, be specifically related to a kind of cylindricity On-machine Test method, the present invention includes base, the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft, circular boop, buckle, the first semi-ring and the second semi-ring；Described first semi-ring is arranged on circular boop by the first rotating shaft, described second semi-ring is connected by buckle and the first semi-ring, described circular boop is arranged on base by the second rotating shaft, described circular boop and the first semi-ring lower surface are provided with leg, the present invention is projected to plane by the three-dimensional measuring point gathered on the cylinder by three coordinate measuring machine, searched for the center of circle of minimum zone circle by the method for iteration, enormously simplify the amount of calculation of search；Measuring point after present invention projection determines the initial value in the center of circle by method of least square, makes to determine that the search procedure under attitude is more quick, by choosing shifting heart direction and moving heart step-length, reduces searching times, improve search precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machining and detection field, be specifically related to a kind of cylindricity On-machine Test method.
Background technology
The face of cylinder is that Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design applies a kind of geometric element widely in processing, and cylindricity tolerance is right
The required precision that the shape of this geometric element proposes, is the main geometry needing in Precision Machining to carry out detecting and controlling
One of error.The cylindricity of workpiece is the minimum range that this face of cylinder is included in two coaxial faces of cylinder.In production typically
The roundness tolerance of conventional cylindrical cross-section and the linearity tolerance of element line (or axis) control deviation from cylindrical form, or use circular runout
Tolerance controls deviation from cylindrical form, and both control methods all can not the actual size measured and calculate deviation from cylindrical form.State
Border standard ISO/1101 and standard GB/T/T1958-2004 regulation, form error value contains actual element to be measured and has
The containment region of minimum widith E or minimum diameter φ E represents, and as referee method.Actual production is measured cylindricity
The equipment of error has cylindricity instrument, three coordinate measuring machine etc., and cylindricity instrument certainty of measurement is high, but expensive, to measuring environment
Require high and make it apply by a definite limitation；In laboratory, factory, conventional three coordinate measuring engine measurement deviation from cylindrical form, uses
Obtain during three coordinate measuring engine measurement deviation from cylindrical form is the coordinate figure of series of discrete measuring point, needs to process through data to ask
Solve deviation from cylindrical form, but current three coordinate measuring machine is merely given as the deviation from cylindrical form of least square fitting, and can not be given
The deviation from cylindrical form of minimum area method, the most current cylindricity measurement device can only carry out off-line measurement, needs location, precision
Difference, efficiency is low, and Set and Positioning can introduce again new measurement error repeatedly, makes troubles to measurement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of On-machine Test, without resetting, raising accuracy of detection
Cylindricity On-machine Test method with efficiency.
For solving above technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
Step of the present invention is as follows:
1. utilize rotary apparatus that measured circle cylinder is carried out clamping, and set up workpiece coordinate system based on three coordinate measuring machine；
101 start three coordinate measuring machine, and the radius of gauge head is calibrated by the mobile column arranged on the table；
Cylinder is arranged in rotary apparatus by 102, and described rotary apparatus includes: base, the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft, circular boop,
Buckle, the first semi-ring and the second semi-ring；Described first semi-ring is arranged on circular boop by the first rotating shaft, and described second semi-ring leads to
Crossing buckle and the first semi-ring connects, described circular boop is arranged on base by the second rotating shaft, described circular boop and the first semi-ring lower end
Face is provided with leg, and described base bottom is provided with fixing hole, and described workbench is provided with screwed hole；Described rotary apparatus is by fixing
Hole is arranged on the table；O-X-Y-Z workpiece coordinate is determined on the basis of the fixing hole of base bottom；
2. determine the initial pose of cylinder, measuring point is projected to x-o-y plane, determines its least square fitting center of circle；
201 determine the initial pose of cylinder, φα=0 °, φβ=0 °, utilize gauge head that cylinder is carried out contact sampling site and obtain
Measuring point Pi, wherein i=1,2 ... n；
Measuring point is projected to x-o-y plane by 202, obtains the subpoint in planeWherein i=1,2 ... n；Ask
Go outLeast square fitting circle central coordinate of circle be Oz1(a, b), wherein
3. by mobile center of circle Oz1(a b) determines projection measuring pointMinimum circumscribed circle, try to achieve cylinder under current pose
Angle value；
301 determine all subpointsAway from least square center Oz1Distance, be designated as ri, wherein i=1,2 ... n；
And find out riMaximum rmaxWith minima rmin, remember that corresponding subpoint is H respectively1、L1, it is external contact and interior connects
Contact；
302 determine ∠ H1Oz1L1Angle [alpha]1(α1< π), and angular bisector Oz1Q1, determine γ1i=∠ Pi zOz1Q1, i=1,2,
...n；CalculateWith
Try to achieve el1iAnd eh1iMinima e1, with e1For step-length edgeCenter of circle O is moved in directionz1To Oz2, find out contact in another one
Point L2；
303 determine ∠ L1Oz2L2Angle [alpha]2(α2< π), and angular bisector Oz2Q2, determine γ2i=∠ Pi zOz2Q2；CalculateWithTry to achieve el2iWith
eh2iMinima e2, with e2For step-length, edgeCenter of circle O is moved in directionz2To Oz3, when contact point in occurring, then make it be
L2, repeated execution of steps 303；When there is external contact, making it is H1, continue executing with step 304；
304 note acute angle ∠ L2Oz3H1Angle be α3(α3< π), and angular bisector Oz3Q3, determine γ3i=∠ Pi zOz3Q3；CalculateWithTry to achieve el3iWith
eh3iMinima e3, with e3 as step-length, edgeCenter of circle O is moved in directionz3To Oz4, when contact point in occurring, then make it be
L2, repeat step 304；When there is external contact, then making it is H2, continue executing with step 305；
305 judge line segment L1L2、H1H2Whether in being extracted profile, there is intersection point, when there is intersection point, continuing executing with step 306；
Otherwise, H is cast out1, and make H2=H1, perform step 304；
306 under conditions of trying to achieve the minimum circumscribed circle heart, determines all two-dimensional projection's point Pi zDistance to the minimum circumscribed circle heart
ri', wherein i=1,2 ... n, calculate cylindricity f=max{ri′}-min{ri', i=1,2 ..., n, it is current pose shape
Cylinder angle value under state；
4. change cylindrical pose, determine the minima of cylinder angle value under different positions and pose；
401 determine that pose converts step-length e0, make φα=φα+e0(i-1), φβ=φβ+e0(j-1), i, j=0,1,2 ... n,
Utilize workpiece coordinate system to determine the pose state that cylinder is new, carry out contact sampling site, perform step 3., and calculate fi,j；
402 work as f1,1It not fi,jMinima time, i, j=0,1,2 ... n, find out fi,jMinima be designated as fi',j', i ', j '
=0,1,2 ... n makes φα=φα+e0(i'-1), φβ=φβ+e0(j'-1), and rotate the position of rotating mechanism according to this, determine
The pose state that cylinder (14) is new, carries out contact sampling site, performs step 3., and calculates fi,j, repeated execution of steps 401；When
f1,1For fi,jMinima time, stop pose change, f1,1It is cylindrical cylinder angle value.
Described leg end portions ellipsoidal cross section, described leg lower end is provided with rubber blanket.
Described pose angle φα、φβExcursion be-90 °～90 °.
Described first semi-ring is coaxially disposed with circular boop, the number of described leg be 5 or more than.
The positive effect of the present invention is as follows: the present invention passes through adjusting rotating device, utilizes workpiece coordinate system to determine with step-length
Different pose angle, it is to avoid multiple clamping, improves the adaptability of operation；The present invention utilizes the second semi-ring snapped connection
Telescopic adjustment can be carried out on the first semi-ring, greatly extend the clamping scope of rotating mechanism, facilitate measurement；The present invention
Completing the determination of angle in two vertical planes by the rotation of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft, each pose angle is existed by leg
On base, sliding determines and passes through rubber blanket and finally fixes, and takes for follow-up gauge head and a little lays the foundation；The present invention is by by three coordinates
The three-dimensional measuring point projection that measuring machine gathers on the cylinder, to plane, searches for the center of circle of minimum zone circle by the method for iteration,
Enormously simplify the amount of calculation of search；Measuring point after present invention projection determines the initial value in the center of circle by method of least square, makes really
Determine the search procedure under attitude more quick, by choosing shifting heart direction and moving heart step-length, reduce searching times, improve and search
Suo Jingdu, final required deviation from cylindrical form is the most accurate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is stand bar structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is understructure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the Moving Least Squares center of circle of the present invention obtains minimum circumscribed circle heart method；
Fig. 5 is for present invention determine that minimum circumscribed circle Cross Criterion schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that the present invention calculates the flow chart measuring some cylindricity method under current pose；
Fig. 7 is the flow chart that the present invention changes that cylinder pose obtains the method for smallest cylinder degree；
Fig. 8 is workpiece coordinate system schematic diagram of the present invention；
In the drawings: 1 base, 2 first rotating shafts, 3 second rotating shafts, 4 circular boops, 5 buckles, 6 second semi-rings, 7 legs, 8 first semi-rings, 9
Fixing hole, 10 rubber blankets, 11 workbench, 12 gauge heads, 13 screwed holes, 14 cylinders, 15 columns.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in detail with instantiation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1-8, one cylindricity On-machine Test method of the present invention, use step as follows:
1. utilize rotary apparatus that measured circle cylinder 14 is carried out clamping, and set up workpiece coordinate system based on three coordinate measuring machine；
101 start three coordinate measuring machine, and the radius of gauge head 12 is calibrated by the mobile column 15 being arranged on workbench 11；
Cylinder 14 is arranged in rotary apparatus by 102, and described rotary apparatus includes: base the 1, first rotating shaft the 2, second rotating shaft 3,
Circular boop 4, buckle the 5, first semi-ring 8 and the second semi-ring 6；Described first semi-ring 8 is arranged on circular boop 4 by the first rotating shaft 2, institute
Stating the second semi-ring 6 to be connected with the first semi-ring 8 by buckle 5, described circular boop 4 is arranged on base 1 by the second rotating shaft 3, described
Circular boop 4 and the first semi-ring 8 lower surface are provided with leg 7, are provided with fixing hole 9 bottom described base 1, and described workbench 11 is provided with spiral shell
Pit 13；Described rotary apparatus is arranged on workbench 11 by fixing hole 9；Determine on the basis of fixing hole 9 bottom base 1
O-X-Y-Z workpiece coordinate；Described leg 7 end cross-sectional ovalize, described leg 7 lower end is provided with rubber blanket 10, described pose
Angle φα、φβExcursion be-90 °～90 °, described first semi-ring 8 is coaxially disposed with circular boop 4, described leg 7
Number be 5 or more than, the present invention the second semi-ring 6 material is plastics, and is evenly equipped with parallel floating-point on the inwall of the second semi-ring 6,
For fixing measured circle cylinder 14, the number of described often row floating-point is 6～8, and described base 1 is hemispherical, described leg 7 end
Hold tangent with base 1, and can on base 1 slidably, described leg 7 upper end thereof is on the first semi-ring 8 and circular boop 4；
2. determine the initial pose of cylinder 14, measuring point is projected to x-o-y plane, determines its least square fitting center of circle；
201 determine the initial pose of cylinder 14, make φ by adjusting rotating deviceα=0 °, φβ=0 °, and utilize leg 7 lower end
Rubber blanket 10 be fixed, then utilize gauge head 12 that cylinder 14 carries out contact sampling site and obtain three-dimensional measuring point Pi, wherein i
=1,2 ... n；Described measuring point uses layering to be uniformly distributed form, is typically distributed 3～4 layers of measuring point along cylinder 14 axis direction,
Every layer is equidistantly uniformly distributed 5～7 measuring points on cylinder 14 tangent plane circumference；
Measuring point is projected to coordinate system of machine X-O-Y plane by 202, obtains the two-dimensional projection's point in planeWherein i
=1,2 ... n；Two-dimensional projection's point is carried out Least Square Circle matching, obtainsThe round heart of least square fitting sit
It is designated as Oz1(a, b), wherein
3. by Moving Least Squares center of circle Oz1(a b) determines projection measuring pointMinimum circumscribed circle, try to achieve current
Cylinder angle value under pose；
301 determine all two-dimensional projections pointAway from least square center Oz1Distance, be designated as ri, wherein i=1,
2,...n；And find out riMaximum rmaxWith minima rmin, remember that corresponding subpoint is H respectively1、L1, it is external contact
With interior contact point；
302 determine ∠ H1Oz1L1Angle [alpha]1(α1< π), and angular bisector Oz1Q1, determine γ1i=∠ Pi zOz1Q1, i=1,2,
...n；CalculateWith
Try to achieve el1iAnd eh1iMinima e1, with e1For step-length edgeInitial least square center O is moved in directionz1To Oz2, find out another
An outer interior contact point L2；
303 determine ∠ L1Oz2L2Angle [alpha]2(α2< π), and angular bisector Oz2Q2, determine γ2i=∠ Pi zOz2Q2；CalculateWithTry to achieve el2iWith
eh2iMinima e2, with e2For step-length, edgeCenter of circle O is moved in directionz2To Oz3, when contact point in occurring, then make it be
L2, repeated execution of steps 303；When there is external contact, making it is H1, continue executing with step 304；
304 note acute angle ∠ L2Oz3H1Angle be α3(α3< π), and angular bisector Oz3Q3, determine γ3i=∠ Pi zOz3Q3；CalculateWithTry to achieve el3iWith
eh3iMinima e3, with e3For step-length, edgeCenter of circle O is moved in directionz3To Oz4, when contact point in occurring, then make it be
L2, repeat step 304；When there is external contact, then making it is H2, continue executing with step 305；
305 judge line segment L1L2、H1H2Whether in being extracted profile, there is intersection point, when there is intersection point, then meeting minimum circumscribed circle
Cross Criterion, continue executing with step 306；Otherwise, H is cast out1, and make H2=H1, perform step 304；
306 under conditions of trying to achieve the minimum circumscribed circle heart, determines all two-dimensional projection's point Pi zDistance to the minimum circumscribed circle heart
ri', wherein i=1,2 ... n, calculate cylindricity f=max{ri′}-min{ri', i=1,2 ..., n, it is cylinder 14 and works as
Cylinder angle value under front position and posture；
4. change the pose of cylinder 14, determine the minima of cylinder angle value under different positions and pose；
401 determine that pose converts step-length e0, described step-length e0Value takes 2 ° respectively and is iterated computing, in order to ensure to take an essence with 5 °
Degree, it is ensured that e0Within 5 °, then make φα=φα+e0(i-1), φβ=φβ+e0(j-1), i, j=0,1,2 ... n, utilize work
Part coordinate system determines the pose state that cylinder 14 is new, carries out contact sampling site, and described measuring point uses layering to be uniformly distributed form, one
As along cylinder 14 axis direction be distributed 3～4 layers of measuring point, every layer is equidistantly uniformly distributed 5～7 on cylinder 14 tangent plane circumference
3. measuring point, perform step, and calculate cylinder angle value f of cylinder 14 under each position and posturei,j；
402 work as f1,1It not fi,jMinima time, i, j=0,1,2 ... n, find out cylinder angle value f under each position and posturei,j?
Little value is designated as fi',j', i ', j '=0,1,2 ... n makes φα=φα+e0(i'-1), φβ=φβ+e0(j'-1), and according to this rotate
The position of rotating mechanism, determines the pose state that cylinder 14 is new, carries out contact sampling site, and described measuring point uses layering to be uniformly distributed
Form, is typically distributed 3～4 layers of measuring point along cylinder 14 axis direction, and every layer is the most uniformly divided on cylinder 14 tangent plane circumference
3. cloth 5～7 measuring points, perform step, and calculate cylinder angle value f of cylinder 14 under each position and posturei,j, repeated execution of steps
401；Work as f1,1For fi,jMinima time, stop pose change, f1,1It is the cylinder angle value of cylinder 14.
The above embodiment is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and and the feasible enforcement of non-invention exhaustive.Right
For persons skilled in the art, to its done any showing on the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and spirit
The change being clear to, within all should being contemplated as falling with the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a cylindricity On-machine Test method, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
1. utilize rotary apparatus that measured circle cylinder (14) is carried out clamping, and set up workpiece coordinate system based on three coordinate measuring machine；
101 start three coordinate measuring machine, and the radius of gauge head (12) is carried out by the mobile column (15) being arranged on workbench (11)
Calibration；
Cylinder (14) is arranged in rotary apparatus by 102, and described rotary apparatus includes: base (1), the first rotating shaft (2), second
Rotating shaft (3), circular boop (4), buckle (5), the first semi-ring (8) and the second semi-ring (6)；Described first semi-ring (8) passes through first turn
Axle (2) is arranged on circular boop (4), and described second semi-ring (6) is connected with the first semi-ring (8) by buckle (5), described circular boop (4)
Being arranged on base (1) by the second rotating shaft (3), described circular boop (4) and the first semi-ring (8) lower surface are provided with leg (7), described
Base (1) bottom is provided with fixing hole (9), and described workbench (11) is provided with screwed hole (13)；Described rotary apparatus is by fixing
Hole (9) is arranged on workbench (11)；O-X-Y-Z workpiece coordinate is determined on the basis of the fixing hole (9) of base (1) bottom；
2. determine the initial pose of cylinder (14), measuring point is projected to x-o-y plane, determines its least square fitting center of circle；
201 determine the initial pose of cylinder (14), φα=0 °, φβ=0 °, utilize gauge head (12) that cylinder (14) is contacted
Formula sampling site obtains measuring point Pi, wherein i=1,2 ... n；
Measuring point is projected to x-o-y plane by 202, obtains the subpoint in planeWherein i=1,2 ... n；ObtainLeast square fitting circle central coordinate of circle be Oz1(a, b), wherein
3. by mobile center of circle Oz1(a b) determines projection measuring pointMinimum circumscribed circle, try to achieve cylinder under current pose
Angle value；
301 determine all subpointsAway from least square center Oz1Distance, be designated as ri, wherein i=1,2 ... n；And
Find out riMaximum rmaxWith minima rmin, remember that corresponding subpoint is H respectively1、L1, it is external contact and contacts with interior
Point；
302 determine ∠ H1Oz1L1Angle [alpha]1(α1< π), and angular bisector Oz1Q1, determine γ1i=∠ Pi zOz1Q1, i=1,2 ... n；Meter
CalculateWithTry to achieve el1i
And eh1iMinima e1, with e1For step-length edgeCenter of circle O is moved in directionz1To Oz2, find out contact point L in another one2；
303 determine ∠ L1Oz2L2Angle [alpha]2(α2< π), and angular bisector Oz2Q2, determine γ2i=∠ Pi zOz2Q2；CalculateWithTry to achieve el2iWith
eh2iMinima e2, with e2For step-length, edgeCenter of circle O is moved in directionz2To Oz3, when contact point in occurring, then make it be
L2, repeated execution of steps 303；When there is external contact, making it is H1, continue executing with step 304；
304 note acute angle ∠ L2Oz3H1Angle be α3(α3< π), and angular bisector Oz3Q3, determine γ3i=∠ Pi zOz3Q3；CalculateWithTry to achieve el3iWith
eh3iMinima e3, with e3For step-length, edgeCenter of circle O is moved in directionz3To Oz4, when contact point in occurring, then make it be
L2, repeat step 304；When there is external contact, then making it is H2, continue executing with step 305；
305 judge line segment L1L2、H1H2Whether in being extracted profile, there is intersection point, when there is intersection point, continuing executing with step 306；
Otherwise, H is cast out1, and make H2=H1, perform step 304；
306 try to achieve under the conditions of the new center of circle, determine all subpoint Pi zDistance r to the new center of circlei', wherein i=1,2 ... n,
Calculate cylindricity f=max{ri′}-min{ri', i=1,2 ..., n, the cylinder angle value being under current position and posture；
4. change the pose of cylinder (14), determine the minima of cylinder angle value under different positions and pose；
401 determine that pose converts step-length e0, make φα=φα+e0(i-1), φβ=φβ+e0(j-1), i, j=0,1,2 ... n, profit
Determine, with workpiece coordinate system, the pose state that cylinder (14) is new, carry out contact sampling site, perform step 3., and calculate fi,j；
402 work as f1,1It not fi,jMinima time, i, j=0,1,2 ... n, find out fi,jMinima be designated as fi',j', i ', j '=
0,1,2 ... n makes φα=φα+e0(i'-1), φβ=φβ+e0(j'-1), and rotate the position of rotating mechanism according to this, determine circle
The pose state that cylinder (14) is new, carries out contact sampling site, performs step 3., and calculates fi,j, repeated execution of steps 401；Work as f1,1
For fi,jMinima time, stop pose change, f1,1It is the cylinder angle value of cylinder (14).
A kind of cylindricity On-machine Test method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described leg (7) end is cut
Face ovalize, described leg (7) lower end is provided with rubber blanket (10).
A kind of cylindricity On-machine Test method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: described pose angle φα、
φβExcursion be-90 °～90 °.
A kind of cylindricity On-machine Test method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described first semi-ring (8) with
Circular boop (4) is coaxially disposed, the number of described leg (7) be 5 or more than.
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| CN108253906A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-07-06 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A kind of axle housing circularity cylindricity detection device axis of workpiece location error compensation method |
| CN109238212A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-01-18 | 进峰（江门）五金制造有限公司 | A kind of end cap concentricity automatic tester and detection method |
| CN110375698A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-25 | 河南科技大学 | Inner hole circularity on-position measure method based on parameter identification |
| CN110470242A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-19 | 贵阳新天光电科技有限公司 | A kind of heavy parts inner hole circularity on-position measure device and method |
| CN110470243A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-19 | 贵阳新天光电科技有限公司 | Based on non-contact sensor and interior roundness measurement method and device that workpiece can bias |
| CN112025339A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-04 | 中钢集团西安重机有限公司 | Method for determining position of central hole of rotary tank body |
| CN114018202A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-08 | 绍兴职业技术学院 | Novel algorithm for rapidly evaluating roundness |
| CN114646274A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-21 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for quantitatively analyzing surface quality of deformed steel bar based on roundness test |
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