CN106286471B - It is oriented to buffer unit, hydraulic cylinder and excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of guiding buffer unit, hydraulic cylinder and excavators, wherein, being oriented to buffer unit, it includes cylinder barrel, guide sleeve, piston and piston rod, and guiding is set on cylinder barrel, and piston is arranged in cylinder barrel, one end connection piston of piston rod, the other end of piston rod is pierced by guide sleeve, and the chamber where cylinder barrel inner piston rod is rod chamber, and oil cylinder outlet is provided on guide sleeve, oil cylinder exports to connect rod chamber, it is characterised in that：At least one buffer module is provided on guide sleeve, buffer module includes housing, buffer bar and resilient snubber are provided in housing；During piston rod is stretched out to guide sleeve direction, buffer bar squeezes resilient snubber under the action of piston and rod chamber oil pressure, slows down the stretching speed of piston rod by the elastic force of resilient snubber and the oil pressure of rod chamber.The present invention further damper piston bar tip speed, reduction can hit cylinder risk.

Description

It is oriented to buffer unit, hydraulic cylinder and excavator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of engineering machinery field more particularly to guiding buffer unit, hydraulic cylinder and excavators.

Background technology

It excavates when Oil cylinder reaches extreme position since inertia can cause end cap extreme shock and may lead to oil cylinder Damage, it is therefore desirable to corresponding buffer structure is set in oil cylinder ante-chamber, this buffer structure exports it to rod chamber to oil cylinder Between fluid flowing there is throttling action, make pressure rise in rod chamber, slow down tip speed when piston rod stretches out, avoid pair Oil cylinder damages.

As shown in Figure 1, for a kind of ante-chamber buffer structure of the prior art, including guide sleeve 1 ', cylinder barrel 2 ', piston rod 5 ', piston 4 ' and the cushion collar 3 ' being sleeved on piston rod 5 '.Guide sleeve 1 ' is arranged on cylinder barrel 2 ', and piston 4 ' is arranged on cylinder barrel In 2 ', one end connection piston 4 ' of piston rod 5 ', the other end of piston rod 5 ' is pierced by guide sleeve 1 ', 2 ' inner piston rod of cylinder barrel, 5 ' institute Chamber for rod chamber 7 ', oil cylinder outlet 6 ' is provided on guide sleeve 1 '.Exist between guide sleeve 1 ' and piston rod 5 ' it is very big between Gap, the pressure oil in rod chamber 7 ' enter oil cylinder outlet 6 ' by this gap, which is rod chamber 7 ' to oil cylinder outlet 6 ' Working connection.When piston rod 5 ' stretches out, cushion collar 3 ' is inserted into guide sleeve 1 ', by rod chamber 7 ' to the working connection of oil cylinder outlet 6 ' It closes, the fit clearance formation throttling oil circuit of guide sleeve 1 ' and cushion collar 3 ', the fluid in rod chamber 7 ' passes through the oil circuit stream that throttles To oil cylinder outlet 6 '.Under the damping action of throttling oil circuit, the stretching speed of piston rod 5 ' reduces, while the pressure in rod chamber 7 ' Power increases, and piston 4 ' is closer to guide sleeve 1 ', and rod chamber 7 ' is longer to 6 ' throttling oil circuit of oil cylinder outlet, and the damping for the oil circuit that throttles is made With more apparent, the stretching speed of piston rod 4 ' is smaller, until fully extended.

Above-mentioned ante-chamber buffer structure, forms fit clearance, by fit clearance in rod chamber between cushion collar and guide sleeve Smaller flow area is formed between being exported oil cylinder, and the fluid in rod chamber flows to oil cylinder by fit clearance and exports, and passes through The throttling action of fit clearance, cavity pressure before raising realize piston rod retarded motion, realize buffering effect.Structure application is wide It is general, but there is also some defects, it is as follows：

1) the ante-chamber buffer structure throttles to rod chamber fluid by buffer gap, reduces piston movement speed, but can not Ensure buffering end speed, exist and hit cylinder risk.

If 2) the fit clearance value of guide sleeve and cushion collar is chosen not reasonable, piston is easily caused to occur with guide sleeve Hit or rod chamber in hypertonia, and current ante-chamber buffer structure to be to inhibit in buffering course based on surge pressure, nothing Method effectively controls the pressure in buffering end rod chamber, and buffering end hypertonia will lead to oil cylinder row during excavator use Journey tip speed fluctuates, and directly affects overall efficiency and operating comfort.

Also have in the prior art on the basis of above-mentioned ante-chamber buffer structure, stream is opened up in piston rod or guide sleeve position Road, for example open up throttle orifice on guide sleeve or be provided with the throttling that multiple flow areas change with buffering on the piston rod Slot, both modes can form liquid flow channel for oil between rod chamber and oil cylinder outlet, have so as to fulfill buffering course is reduced Maximum pressure in rod cavity.But throttle orifice is opened up on guide sleeve or cylinder piston rod, though buffering effect can be improved, is reduced slow Surge pressure is rushed, but buffer requirements can not be ensured compliance with, and to open up throttle orifice difficulty of processing big for piston rod, it is of high cost.It is also, slow Tip speed, buffering end pressure, buffering surge pressure are rushed, three design objectives are interrelated, while reach design requirement and lead to It is larger to cross current structure optimizing difficulty, optimized buffer effect can not be obtained.

Invention content

The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of guiding buffer unit, hydraulic cylinder and excavators, can further buffer Cylinder risk is hit in piston-rod end speed, reduction.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of guiding buffer unit, including cylinder barrel, guide sleeve, piston and Piston rod, the guiding are set on the cylinder barrel, and the piston is arranged in the cylinder barrel, and one end of the piston rod connects Connect the piston, the other end of the piston rod is pierced by the guide sleeve, and the chamber in the cylinder barrel where the piston rod is has Rod cavity is provided with oil cylinder outlet on the guide sleeve, at least one buffer module, the buffering mould is provided on the guide sleeve Block includes housing, and buffer bar and resilient snubber are provided in the housing；It is stretched in the piston rod to the guide sleeve direction During going out, the buffer bar squeezes the resilient snubber under the action of the piston and the rod chamber oil pressure, leads to It crosses the elastic force of the resilient snubber and the oil pressure of the rod chamber slows down the stretching speed of the piston rod.

One preferably or in alternative embodiment, each buffer module corresponding one is arranged on the guide sleeve Throttle orifice, the throttle orifice connect the buffer module and oil cylinder outlet corresponding to it.

One preferably or in alternative embodiment, the buffer module includes buffering end slowdown module, and the housing includes First shell, the buffer bar include buffer deceleration bar, and the resilient snubber includes the first elastic component, and the throttle orifice includes First segment discharge orifice, the buffering end slowdown module further include check valve, and first through hole is provided in the first shell, described Check valve and first elastic component are arranged in the first through hole, and one end of the buffer deceleration bar is located at described first In through-hole, the other end of the buffer deceleration bar is located in the rod chamber, and the buffer deceleration bar can be logical described first Compression is moved back and forth in hole or discharges first elastic component, the position that the buffer deceleration bar is located at the first through hole can Closed cavity is formed between the inner wall of the first through hole, is provided with to connect the closing chamber on the buffer deceleration bar The oil circuit of body and the check valve oil outlet, the oil inlet of the check valve connect the first through hole, and the first through hole is also Connect the first segment discharge orifice.

Preferably or in alternative embodiment, check valve throttle orifice, the check valve section are additionally provided on the check valve one Discharge orifice connects spring cavity and the first through hole in the check valve.

One preferably or in alternative embodiment, the first through hole includes the first large through-hole and first that aperture is sequentially reduced Small through hole, the buffer deceleration bar include the first deceleration rod segment, the second deceleration rod segment and the third downshift lever that bar diameter is sequentially reduced Section, the first deceleration rod segment, the second deceleration rod segment and first elastic component are respectively positioned in first large through-hole, institute It states in a state that buffer deceleration bar moves back and forth in the first through hole, one end of the third deceleration rod segment is located at described the In one large through-hole or in first small through hole, the other end of the third deceleration rod segment is pierced by the first small through hole position In in the rod chamber；The bar diameter of the first deceleration rod segment is suitable with the aperture of first large through-hole, and described second slows down The bar diameter of rod segment is less than the aperture of first large through-hole, more than the aperture of first small through hole, the third deceleration rod segment Bar diameter it is suitable with the aperture of first small through hole, the state that the buffer deceleration bar moves back and forth in the first through hole Under, the second deceleration rod segment can form the closed cavity or second deceleration between first large through-hole Rod segment and part the third deceleration rod segment form the closed cavity between first large through-hole jointly.

Preferably or in alternative embodiment, first axis hole, the check valve are provided in the first deceleration rod segment one Oil outlet be arranged in the first axis hole, be provided at least one 5th radial hole in the second deceleration rod segment, described Five radial holes connect the oil outlet of the check valve and the closed cavity.

One preferably or in alternative embodiment, the buffer module includes buffering end pressure-reduction module, and the housing includes Second shell, the buffer bar include hollow stem, and the resilient snubber includes the second elastic component, and the throttle orifice includes second Throttle orifice is provided with third axial hole in the second shell, and second elastic component is arranged in the third axial hole, institute The one end for stating hollow stem is located in the third axial hole, and the other end of the hollow stem is located at the rod chamber, described hollow Bar can move back and forth compression in the third axial hole or discharge second elastic component, and the second shell is led with described Annular chamber is formed between set, the annular chamber is in fluid communication second throttle orifice, is provided with to connect on the hollow stem Lead to the hollow stem oil circuit of the rod chamber and the third axial hole, be provided in the second shell described hollow for connecting The third radial hole of bar oil circuit and the annular chamber, it is described to have in a state that the hollow stem compresses second elastic component The hollow stem oil circuit, the third radial hole and the annular chamber is in fluid communication in rod cavity.

One preferably or in alternative embodiment, it is logical that the hollow stem oil circuit includes be arranged in the hollow stem second Hole further includes the first radial hole for being arranged on described hollow stem one end and the second radial direction for being arranged on the hollow stem other end Hole, first radial hole connect the rod chamber and second through-hole, and second radial hole connects second through-hole, In a state that the hollow stem compresses second elastic component, second radial hole also is able to connect the third radially Hole.

Preferably or in alternative embodiment, the second axial hole is additionally provided in the second shell, the annular chamber leads to one It crosses second axial hole and second throttle orifice is in fluid communication, third elastic component and throttling are provided in second axial hole Bar, the throttling rod can move back and forth compression in second axial hole or discharge the third elastic component, in the ring When the oil pressure of shape intracavitary reaches setting value, the throttling rod compresses the third elastic component, and the annular chamber, described second are axially Hole and second throttle orifice are in fluid communication, and when the oil pressure in the annular chamber is less than setting value, the throttling rod is described Under the action of third elastic component, the oil circuit between the annular chamber and second axial hole is closed.

One preferably or in alternative embodiment, second axial hole include the second largest axial hole that is sequentially reduced of aperture and Second small axial hole, the throttling rod and the third elastic component are arranged in the second largest axial hole, the throttling rod Bar diameter is suitable with the aperture of the second largest axial hole, and the bar diameter of the throttling rod is more than the aperture of the described second small axial hole, The second largest axial hole is circumferentially provided at least one first axis groove, the throttling rod and the first axis groove Between form the first flow channels, first flow channels connect second throttle orifice, the throttling rod compression described the During three elastic components, the annular chamber, the second small axial hole and first flow channels are in fluid communication, and the throttling rod is released Put the third elastic component to the described second small axial hole direction move when, due to the throttling rod bar diameter be more than described second The aperture of small axial hole, the throttling rod can seal the connection between the described second small axial hole and first flow channels It closes.

Preferably or in alternative embodiment, block is additionally provided in the annular chamber one, and the block is by the annular chamber It is divided into first annular chamber and the second annular chamber, the connection first annular chamber and second annular is provided on the block The block through-hole of chamber.

One preferably or in alternative embodiment, the buffer module includes buffering surge pressure adjustment module, the housing Including third housing, the buffer bar includes pressure adjusting lever, and the resilient snubber includes the 4th elastic component, the throttle orifice Including third throttle orifice, third through-hole is provided in the third housing, the 4th elastic component and the pressure adjusting lever are set It puts in the third through-hole, the third through-hole connects the third throttle orifice, and the pressure adjusting lever can be described the Compression is moved back and forth in three through-holes or discharges the 4th elastic component, the pressure adjusting lever compresses the shape of the 4th elastic component Under state, the rod chamber, the third through-hole and the third throttle orifice are in fluid communication, the pressure adjusting lever release described the Four elastic components, under the action of the 4th elastic component, the pressure adjusting lever will be in the rod chamber to the third through-hole Oil circuit closing.

One preferably or in alternative embodiment, the third through-hole includes third large through-hole and the third that aperture is sequentially reduced Small through hole, the 4th elastic component and the pressure adjusting lever are arranged in the third large through-hole, the third large through-hole Connect the third throttle orifice, the third small through hole connects the rod chamber, the bar diameter of the pressure adjusting lever and described the The aperture of three large through-holes is suitable, and the bar diameter of the pressure adjusting lever is more than the aperture of the third small through hole, described the third-largest logical Hole is circumferentially provided at least one the second axial notches, and is formed between the pressure adjusting lever and second axial notch Two flow channels, it is the rod chamber, the third small through hole, described when the pressure adjusting lever compresses four elastic component Second flow channels are connected with the third throttle orifice, and it is small to the third that the pressure adjusting lever discharges the 4th elastic component Through-hole direction moves, and the pressure adjusting lever can seal the oil circuit between the third small through hole and second flow channels It closes.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of hydraulic cylinder, including leading in any of the above-described embodiment To buffer unit.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of excavator, including the hydraulic pressure in any of the above-described embodiment Oil cylinder.

Based on above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention at least has the advantages that：

The present invention is provided at least one buffer module on guide sleeve, and buffer module includes buffer bar and elastic buffer Part, during piston rod is stretched out to guide sleeve direction, buffer bar squeezes bullet under the action of the oil pressure of piston and rod chamber Property bolster, by the elastic force of resilient snubber and the oil pressure of rod chamber further slow down piston rod end stretch out speed, Cylinder risk is hit in reduction, also, is provided with the guide sleeve of buffer module, can further be reduced and be matched between cushion collar and guide sleeve The requirement of gap width is closed, while further reduces the machining accuracy of cushion collar and guide sleeve, improves the reliability of oil cylinder.

Description of the drawings

Attached drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and forms the part of the application, this hair Bright illustrative embodiments and their description do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention for explaining the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：

Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of ante-chamber buffer structure in the prior art；

Fig. 2 is the first schematic cross-sectional view provided by the invention for being oriented to buffer unit；

Fig. 3 is the second schematic cross-sectional view provided by the invention for being oriented to buffer unit；

Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-sectional view that buffering end slowdown module provided by the invention is mounted on guide sleeve；

Fig. 5 is the schematic cross-sectional view of buffering end slowdown module provided by the invention；

Fig. 6 is the left view schematic diagram of buffering end slowdown module provided by the invention；

Fig. 7 is that the right side of buffering end slowdown module provided by the invention regards schematic diagram；

Fig. 8 is the schematic cross-sectional view that buffering end pressure-reduction module provided by the invention is mounted on guide sleeve；

Fig. 9 is the schematic cross-sectional view of buffering end pressure-reduction module provided by the invention；

Figure 10 is the left view schematic diagram of buffering end pressure-reduction module provided by the invention；

Figure 11 is that the right side of buffering end pressure-reduction module provided by the invention regards schematic diagram；

Figure 12 is the schematic cross-sectional view that buffering surge pressure adjustment module provided by the invention is mounted on guide sleeve；

Figure 13 is the schematic cross-sectional view of buffering surge pressure adjustment module provided by the invention；

Figure 14 is the Section A-A schematic diagram of Figure 13；

Figure 15 is that the right side of buffering surge pressure adjustment module provided by the invention regards schematic diagram.

Attached figure label：

1 '-guide sleeve；2 '-cylinder barrel；3 '-cushion collar；4 '-piston；5 '-piston rod；6 '-oil cylinder exports；7 '-rod chamber；

1- guide sleeves；2- cylinder barrels；3- cushion collars；4- pistons；5- piston rods；6- oil cylinders export；7- rod chambers；8- is without bar Chamber；

10- buffering end slowdown modules；101- first shells；102- buffer deceleration bars；The first elastic components of 103-；104- One throttle orifice；105- check valves；106- closed cavities；The 5th radial holes of 107-；108- check valve throttle orifices；

20- buffering end pressure-reduction modules；201- second shells；202- hollow stems；The second elastic components of 203-；204- second is saved Discharge orifice；205- end caps；206- annular chambers；The first radial holes of 207-；The second radial holes of 208-；209- third radial holes；210- Three elastic components；211- throttling rods；The first flow channels of 212-；213- pressure regulating cavities；The 4th radial holes of 214-；215- blocks lead to Hole 215；

30- buffers surge pressure adjustment module；301- third housings；302- pressure adjusting levers；The 4th elastic components of 303-； 304- third throttle orifices；The second flow channels of 305-；306- third through-holes.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in embodiment is clearly and completely retouched It states.Obviously, described embodiment is only the part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this hair Bright embodiment, the every other implementation that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without creative efforts Example, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "front", "rear", The orientation or position relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", " outer " is based on attached drawing institutes The orientation or position relationship shown is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description rather than instruction or imply signified dress It puts or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not intended that the present invention is protected The limitation of range.

Current hydraulic cylinder, when piston rod reaches extreme position, since inertia can cause greatly cylinder cover The damage of oil cylinder is impacted and may caused, therefore, it is necessary to set corresponding buffer structure in the rod chamber 7 of hydraulic cylinder, is reduced Piston rod stretches out the speed of end of travel.

As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, it is the illustrative examples provided by the invention for being oriented to buffer unit, in the schematic implementation In example, it is oriented to buffer unit and includes guide sleeve 1, cylinder barrel 2, cushion collar 3, piston 4 and piston rod 5.One end closing of cylinder barrel 2, separately One end is provided with guide sleeve 1, and piston 4 is arranged in cylinder barrel 2, and one end of piston rod 5 is located in cylinder barrel 2 and connection piston 4, piston The other end of bar 5 is pierced by guide sleeve 1, and cushion collar 3 is arranged on piston rod 5, and the chamber where 2 inner piston rod of cylinder barrel 5 is rod chamber 7, another chamber in cylinder barrel 2 is rodless cavity 8.There is very wide arc gap between guide sleeve 1 and piston rod 5, the pressure in rod chamber 7 Oil enters oil cylinder outlet 6 by this gap, which is rod chamber 7 to the working connection of oil cylinder outlet 6.When piston rod 5 is to guiding When covering the movement of 1 direction, cushion collar 3 is inserted into guide sleeve 1, and the working connection of rod chamber 7 to oil cylinder outlet 6 is closed, is oriented to Fit clearance between set 1 and cushion collar 3 forms throttling oil circuit, and the fluid in rod chamber 7 flows to oil cylinder by the oil circuit that throttles and goes out Mouth 6, under the damping action of throttling oil circuit, piston rod 5, which stretches out speed, to be reduced, while the pressure rise in rod chamber 7, piston 4 Closer to guide sleeve 1, rod chamber 7 is longer to 6 throttling oil circuit of oil cylinder outlet, and the damping action for the oil circuit that throttles is more apparent, piston rod 5 Stretching speed it is smaller, until fully extended.

It is clearance fit between the guide sleeve 1 of above-mentioned buffer structure and cushion collar 3, into after buffering area, fluid is by matching It closes gap and oil cylinder outlet 6, pressure rise in rod chamber 7 is flowed to by rod chamber 7, piston rod 5 stretches out speed and starts to reduce.Above-mentioned On the basis of buffer structure, in guiding buffer unit provided by the invention, at least one buffering mould is additionally provided on guide sleeve 1 Block, buffer module include housing, buffer bar and resilient snubber are provided in housing；It is stretched out in piston rod 5 to 1 direction of guide sleeve During, buffer bar squeezes resilient snubber under the action of the oil pressure of piston 4 and rod chamber 7, passes through resilient snubber Speed is stretched out in the end that the oil pressure of elastic force and rod chamber 7 further slows down piston rod 5, and reduction hits cylinder risk, also, be provided with The guide sleeve 1 of buffer module, can further reduce the requirement of the fit clearance value between cushion collar 3 and guide sleeve 1, while into One step reduces the machining accuracy of cushion collar 3 and guide sleeve 1, improves the reliability of oil cylinder.

In illustrative examples in above-mentioned guiding buffer unit, each buffer module can correspond to one and be arranged on Throttle orifice on guide sleeve 1, throttle orifice connect the buffer module and oil cylinder outlet 6 corresponding to it.It, can be with by setting throttle orifice The hydraulic oil suck-back of oil cylinder outlet 6 is entered into buffer module, the end for reducing piston rod 5 stretches out speed or can make rod chamber 7 In hydraulic oil by buffer module, throttle orifice enter oil cylinder outlet 6, reduce by 7 end of travel of rod chamber pressure, and then reduce The velocity perturbation of 5 end of travel of piston rod improves overall efficiency and operating comfort.

As shown in figs. 4-7, in order to provide resistance to piston 4 by mechanical mechanism in buffering end, buffering end is reduced 4 movement velocity of piston, reducing speed avoid reverse impact while impact, buffer module provided by the invention includes buffering end Slowdown module 10, the housing in buffering end slowdown module 10 are first shell 101, and buffer bar is buffer deceleration bar 102, elasticity Bolster is the first elastic component 103, and throttle orifice is first segment discharge orifice 104, and buffering end slowdown module 10 further includes check valve 105。

The first threaded hole is offered on guide sleeve 1, external screw thread is provided in first shell 101, first shell 101 passes through Threaded connection is arranged in the first threaded hole, and then entire buffering end slowdown module 10 is fixed on guide sleeve 1.

First through hole is provided in first shell 101,105 and first elastic component 103 of check valve is arranged at first through hole Interior, one end of buffer deceleration bar 102 is located in first through hole, and the other end of buffer deceleration bar 102 is located in rod chamber 7, buffering Downshift lever 102 can move back and forth the first elastic component 103 of compression or release in first through hole, and buffer deceleration bar 102 is located at the Closed cavity 106 can be formed between the position of one through-hole and the inner wall of first through hole, is provided with and is used on buffer deceleration bar 102 Connect the oil circuit of 105 oil outlet of closed cavity 106 and check valve, the oil inlet connection first through hole of check valve 105, first through hole Also connection first segment discharge orifice 104.

When piston rod 5 is moved to 1 direction of guide sleeve, when piston 5 is touched with buffer deceleration bar 102, buffer deceleration bar 102 is opened Begin the first elastic component 103 of compression, and the volume of closed cavity 102 gradually increases, and pressure continuously decreases, the pressure oil of oil cylinder outlet 6 Pass through first segment discharge orifice 104, first through hole, the oil inlet of check valve 105, the oil outlet of check valve 105 and buffer deceleration bar 102 On oil circuit enter closed cavity 106, pass through the active force of the first elastic component 103,5 movement velocity of damper piston.

Optionally, first through hole includes the first large through-hole and the first small through hole, and the aperture of the first large through-hole is small more than first The aperture of through-hole, and the junction of the first large through-hole and the first small through hole forms shoulder, the first small through hole is big logical relative to first Hole is close to rod chamber 7.

Buffer deceleration bar 102 includes the first deceleration rod segment, the second deceleration rod segment and third deceleration rod segment, the first deceleration rod segment Bar diameter be more than the bar diameter of the second deceleration rod segment, the bar diameter of the second deceleration rod segment is more than the bar diameter of third deceleration rod segment,

First deceleration rod segment, the second deceleration rod segment and the first elastic component 103 are respectively positioned in the first large through-hole, deceleration buffer bar It moves back and forth and the first elastic component 103 can be squeezed or be discharged in the first large through-hole.

In a state that buffer deceleration bar 102 moves back and forth in first through hole, one end of third deceleration rod segment is located at first In large through-hole or in the first small through hole, the other end of third deceleration rod segment is pierced by the first small through hole and is located in rod chamber 7；The The bar diameter of one deceleration rod segment is suitable with the aperture of the first large through-hole (equal or almost equal), and the bar diameter of the second deceleration rod segment is less than The aperture of first large through-hole, more than the aperture of the first small through hole, the bar diameter of third deceleration rod segment and the aperture phase of the first small through hole When (equal or almost equal), in a state that buffer deceleration bar 102 moves back and forth in first through hole, the second deceleration rod segment can 106 or second deceleration rod segment of closed cavity and part third deceleration rod segment are formed between the first large through-hole jointly with first Closed cavity 106 is formed between large through-hole.

Since the bar diameter of the second deceleration rod segment is more than the aperture of the first small through hole, the second deceleration rod segment and the first large through-hole with The shoulder formed between first small through hole cooperates, and limitation deceleration buffer bar is slipped from first through hole.

First axis hole is provided in first deceleration rod segment, the oil outlet of check valve 105 is arranged in first axis hole, the At least one 5th radial hole 107, the 5th radial hole 107 connection first axis hole internal check valve are provided in two deceleration rod segments 105 oil outlet also connects closed cavity 106.Due to the bar diameter of the first deceleration rod segment (phase suitable with the aperture of the first large through-hole Deng or it is almost equal), at least one sealing ring, third deceleration rod segment are provided between the first deceleration rod segment and the first large through-hole (equal or almost equal) suitable with the aperture of the first small through hole, be provided between third deceleration rod segment and the first small through hole to A few sealing ring, therefore, it is possible to make the better tightness of closed cavity 106.

The part-structure of check valve 105 is arranged in first axis hole, and the other structures of check valve 105 are located at first and lead to greatly In hole, and the end that check valve 105 is located in the first large through-hole is oil inlet, and the end in first axis hole is fuel-displaced Mouthful.

Optionally, check valve 105, which is located on the position of the first large through-hole, is additionally provided with check valve throttle orifice 108, check valve Throttle orifice 108 connects the spring cavity and the first large through-hole of check valve 105.Check valve 105 pushes buffer deceleration bar 102 in piston 4 It is opened when compressing the movement of the first elastic component 103, when piston rod 5 is retracted, check valve 105 is closed.When check valve 105 is closed, Only closed cavity 106, the 5th radial hole 107, the spring cavity of check valve 105, check valve throttle orifice the 108 to the first large through-hole shape Into throttling oil circuit.When check valve 105 is opened, the first large through-hole, the oil inlet of check valve 105 and oil outlet, the 5th radial hole 107 can also form oil circuit to closed cavity 106.

First segment discharge orifice 104 is arranged on the one end of the first threaded hole far from rod chamber 7, and the aperture of first segment discharge orifice 104 is small In the outer diameter of the first elastic component 103, first segment discharge orifice 104 connects oil cylinder outlet 6 and the first large through-hole.

The course of work of buffering end slowdown module 10 is as follows：

Buffer deceleration bar 102 is extended in rod chamber 7, when piston 4 moves to buffer deceleration 102 position of bar, is pushed slow It rushes the first elastic component 103 of compression of downshift lever 102 to move, buffering end slowdown module 10 starts to act.

When piston 4, which is moved to, to be contacted with buffer deceleration bar 102, buffer deceleration bar 102 is in the first elastic component 103, oil cylinder Under the oil liquid pressure collective effect of outlet 6, give piston 4 one opposition, with the movement of piston 4, buffer deceleration bar 102 after The first elastic component 103 of continuous compression, moves to 103 direction of the first elastic component.

First segment discharge orifice 104 is provided on guide sleeve 1, the pressure oil of oil cylinder outlet 6 enters first through first segment discharge orifice 104 Large through-hole, as buffer deceleration bar 102 continues to move to 103 direction of the first elastic component, 106 volume of closed cavity gradually increases, Pressure reduction in closed cavity 106 is caused, pressure in the check valve 105 connected by the 5th radial hole 107 with closed cavity 106 It reduces, under oil liquid pressure collective effect of the check valve 105 in the oil liquid pressure and check valve 105 of oil cylinder outlet 6, in unlatching State, oil cylinder outlet 6 fluid successively through first segment discharge orifice 104, the first large through-hole, check valve 105, the 5th radial hole 107 into Enter in closed cavity 106, buffer deceleration bar 102 is allow to continue to move to 103 direction of the first elastic component.With buffer deceleration bar 102 continue to move to 103 direction of the first elastic component, and the first elastic component 103 gradually increases the reversed drag effect of piston 4, can Effective 5 movement velocity of control buffering end piston rod is less than required value.

Buffering terminates, and during 5 retraction movement of piston rod, buffer deceleration bar 102 starts to the direction far from the first elastic component 103 Movement, 106 volume of closed cavity is gradually reduced, in the check valve 105 connected by the 5th radial hole 107 with closed cavity 106 Pressure rise, check valve 105 oil cylinder outlet 6 oil liquid pressure and check valve 105 in oil liquid pressure collective effect under, be in Closed state, the fluid in closed cavity 106 is successively by the 5th radial hole 107, the spring cavity of check valve 105, check valve section Discharge orifice 108 flows to the first large through-hole with limited speed, then oil cylinder outlet 6 is flowed to through first segment discharge orifice 104, due to first segment The throttling action of discharge orifice 104 and the effect of closed cavity 106, can control the counter motion speed of buffer deceleration bar 102, avoid To the reverse impact of piston 4.

In the above embodiments, for reducing the buffer speed of buffering end, buffering subtracts buffering end slowdown module 10 Fast bar 102 is extended in rod chamber 7, and when piston 4 moves to buffer deceleration 102 position of bar, buffering end slowdown module 10 starts Action, the first elastic component 103 move piston 4 by buffer deceleration bar 102 and provide resistance, and the first elastic component 103 may be used Spring or the elastomer replacement spring that other spring-likes can also be used；It is provided in buffering end slowdown module 10 several Sealing ring (such as two sealing rings, third deceleration rod segment and first are set in Fig. 5 between the first deceleration rod segment and the first large through-hole One sealing ring is set between small through hole), in favor of forming closed cavity 106, the keying of check valve 105 is used to implement, it can be with Sealing is formed by cooperation or other kinds of seal form；Check valve 105 is provided in buffering end slowdown module 10, unidirectionally Check valve throttle orifice 108 is offered on valve 105, during for avoid 5 retraction movement of piston rod, buffer deceleration bar 102 is to piston 4 Reverse impact is formed, the position of check valve throttle orifice 108 can be opened on the spool of check valve 105.

As illustrated in figs. 8-11, it is required according to the terminal pressure of rod chamber 7, buffer module provided by the invention includes buffering end Pressure-reduction module 20 is held, by adjusting the open position and Opening pressure of buffering end pressure-reduction module 20, controls buffering end highest Pressure prevents oil cylinder tip speed to fluctuate.Wherein, it is second shell 201 to adjust the housing in buffering end pressure-reduction module 20, is delayed Jumper bar is hollow stem 202, and resilient snubber is the second elastic component 203, and throttle orifice is the second throttle orifice 204.Buffering end depressurizes Module 20 further includes end cap 205.

Offering the second threaded hole on guide sleeve 1, the second threaded hole includes second largest threaded hole and second orifice, and second The aperture in major thread hole is more than the aperture of second orifice, and second largest threaded hole relative to second orifice close to rod chamber 7, second The aperture of aperture is suitable with the outer diameter of second shell 201 (equal or almost equal), and a part for second shell 201 is located at second In aperture, the other parts of second shell 201 are located in second largest threaded hole, and end cap 205 is arranged in second largest threaded hole, and External screw thread is provided on end cap 205, end cap 205, which is connected through a screw thread, to be arranged in second largest threaded hole, and then will entirely buffer End pressure-reduction module 20 is fixed in the second threaded hole of guide sleeve 1.

Second shell 201 is provided with third axial hole close to one end of rod chamber 7, and the second elastic component 203 is arranged on third In axial hole, one end of hollow stem 202 is arranged in third axial hole, and the other end of hollow stem 202, which passes through end cap 205 to be located at, to be had In rod cavity 7.The end set that hollow stem 202 is located at third axial hole has outwardly extending first step, and third axial hole is close The end set of rod chamber 7 has the second step to extend internally, and first step cooperates with second step, limits hollow stem 202 slide from third axial hole.Hollow stem 202 can move back and forth the second elastic component of compression or release in third axial hole 203。

Annular chamber 206 is formed between second shell 201 and guide sleeve 1 in second largest threaded hole, annular chamber 206 is used In connecting the second throttle orifice 204, the hollow stem oil circuit that rod chamber 7 and third axial hole is in fluid communication is provided on hollow stem 202, The position of second step thereon is provided with third radial hole 209 in second shell 201, third radial hole 209 is used to connect Hollow stem oil circuit and annular chamber 206 in third axial hole in a state that hollow stem 202 compresses the second elastic component 203, there is bar Hollow stem oil circuit, third radial hole 209 and annular chamber 206 is in fluid communication in chamber 7.

Hollow stem oil circuit includes the second through-hole being axially arranged in hollow stem 202, and hollow stem 202 is located at rod chamber 7 One end be provided at least one first radial hole 207, hollow stem 202 is provided at least one close to the position of first step thereon A second radial hole 208, the first radial hole 207 connection 7 and second through-hole of rod chamber, the second radial hole 208 connect the second through-hole, In a state that hollow stem 202 compresses the second elastic component 203, the second radial hole 208 also is able to connection third radial hole 209.

Since hollow stem 202 is hollow-core construction, the fluid in rod chamber 7 is total to through hollow stem oil circuit and the second elastic component 203 Same-action makes the second radial hole 208 and annular chamber on hollow stem 202, being extruded on the second step by proximal cover 205 206 connection partition, makes third radial hole 209 separate with hollow stem oil circuit, when pushing hollow stem 202, compresses hollow stem 202 When second elastic component 203 is to left movement, the second through-hole in hollow stem 202 can be made to pass through the second radial hole 208 and third diameter It is connected to hole 209.

The one end of second shell 201 far from rod chamber 7 is additionally provided with the second axial hole, and annular chamber 206 is axial by second The second throttle orifice 204 is in fluid communication in hole, and third elastic component 210 and throttling rod 211, throttling rod 211 are provided in the second axial hole Compression or release third elastic component 210 can be moved back and forth in the second axial hole, the oil pressure in annular chamber 206 reaches setting During value, throttling rod 211 compresses third elastic component 210, and annular chamber 206, the second axial hole and the second throttle orifice 204 are in fluid communication, When oil pressure in annular chamber 206 is less than setting value, throttling rod 211 is under the action of third elastic component 210, by annular chamber 206 Oil circuit closing between the second axial hole.

Optionally, the second axial hole is stepped hole, and the second axial hole includes second largest axial hole and the second small axial hole, the The aperture of two big axial holes is more than the aperture of the second small axial hole, the junction use of second largest axial hole and the second small axial hole First inclined-plane throat structure transition connection, the second small axial hole is relative to second largest axial hole close to rod chamber 7.

Throttling rod 211 and third elastic component 210 are arranged in second largest axial hole, the bar diameter of throttling rod 211 with it is second largest Quite (equal or almost equal), the bar diameter of throttling rod 211 is more than the aperture of the second small axial hole, second largest in the aperture of axial hole Axial hole is circumferentially provided at least one first axis groove, and the first mistake is formed between throttling rod 211 and first axis groove Circulation road 212, the first flow channels 212 connect the second throttle orifice 204.

Second small axial hole is provided at least one 4th radial hole 214, the 4th radial hole close to one end of rod chamber 7 214 the second small axial holes of connection, also connect annular chamber 206.When throttling rod 211 compresses third elastic component 210, annular chamber 206, the Four radial holes 214, the second small axial hole and the first flow channels 212 are in fluid communication, and throttling rod 211 discharges third elastic component 210 When being moved to the second small axial hole direction, since the bar diameter of throttling rod 211 is more than the aperture of the second small axial hole, throttling rod 211 Connection between second small axial hole and the first flow channels 212 can be closed, and 211 and first inclined-plane necking knot of throttling rod Pressure regulating cavity 213 is formed between structure, makes fluid and second largest axial hole and the first flow channels 212 in the second small axial hole Interior fluid does not connect.

Further, third spring may be used in third elastic component 210, and the outer diameter of third spring is not more than throttling rod 211 Bar diameter.

In above-mentioned illustrative examples, the second throttle orifice 204 is arranged on the second threaded hole of guide sleeve 1 far from rod chamber 7 One end, the aperture of the second throttle orifice 204 is less than the outer diameter of third elastic component 210, on the second throttle orifice 204 connection guide sleeve 1 The oil cylinder outlet 6 of setting and second largest axial hole.

Optionally, block is additionally provided in annular chamber 206, block is particularly located at third axis on the outer wall of second shell 201 Position between hole and the second axial hole, the outer diameter of block (equal or almost phase suitable with the outer diameter of second largest threaded hole Deng), annular chamber 206 is divided into first annular chamber and the second annular chamber by block, and first annular chamber is located at the one of third axial hole Side, the second annular chamber are located at the side of the second axial hole.At least one block through-hole 215, block through-hole 215 are provided on block Connect first annular chamber and the second annular chamber.

The course of work of buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 is as follows：

Hollow stem 202 is extended in rod chamber 7, when piston 4 extend out to 202 position of hollow stem, hollow stem 202 is pushed to compress Second elastic component 203, buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 start to act, at this point, by the first radial hole 207 on hollow stem 202, The second radial hole 208 on the second through-hole, hollow stem 202, third axial hole, third radial hole 209 in hollow stem 202, First annular chamber between two housings 201 and second largest threaded hole, block through-hole 215, second shell 201 and second largest threaded hole Between the second annular chamber, the 4th radial hole 214, the second axial aperture be sequentially communicated, form rod chamber 7 and arrive pressure regulating cavity Oil circuit between 213, fluid can act on throttling rod 211 in rod chamber 7.

The one end of the second threaded hole far from rod chamber 7 set on guide sleeve 1 is provided with the second throttle orifice 204, the second section The aperture of discharge orifice 204 is less than the outer diameter of third elastic component 210, the oil cylinder outlet set on the second throttle orifice 204 connection guide sleeve 1 6 and second largest axial hole.

The second throttle orifice 204 is provided between buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 and oil cylinder outlet 6, when throttling rod 211 is having (orientation shown in Fig. 9) moves to the left under oil liquid pressure effect in rod cavity 7, when compressing third elastic component 210, rod chamber 7 In fluid from pressure regulating cavity 213 enter second largest axial hole, and by the second throttle orifice 204 flow to oil cylinder outlet 6.

In conclusion buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 is in its natural state, fluid pressure of the hollow stem 202 in rod chamber 7 It is pressed on the second step of second shell 201 under power and the collective effect of the second elastic component 203, the second radial hole 208 is arrived The oil circuit cut-out of third radial hole 209.Fluid in oil cylinder outlet 6 is acted on through the second throttle orifice 204 on throttling rod 211, is saved Under the collective effect of oil liquid pressure and third elastic component 210 of the flow post 211 in oil cylinder outlet 6, by oil cylinder outlet 6 to annular chamber 206 oil circuit cut-out.

When piston 4, which is moved to, to be contacted with hollow stem 202, piston 4 pushes hollow stem 202 to 203 direction of the second elastic component Movement, while piston 4 is bonded with the end face of hollow stem 202, the fluid in rod chamber 7 is successively through the first radial hole 207, the second diameter Throttling rod 211 is acted on to hole 208, third radial hole 209, block through-hole 215, the 4th radial hole 214, pressure regulating cavity 213 On, if the oil liquid pressure in rod chamber 7 is more than limit value, oil liquid pressure pushes throttling rod 211 to compress third elastic component 210, Fluid flows to oil cylinder outlet 6 through the first flow channels 212, the second throttle orifice 204 successively, and the oil liquid pressure in rod chamber 7 reduces.

In the above embodiments, buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 is used to control the compensator or trimmer pressure of buffering end, can pass through End cap 205 or other devices are fixed in guide sleeve 1；Control buffering end decompression mould is provided in buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 The hollow stem 202 of 20 operating position of block offers multiple holes on hollow stem 202, second shell 202, forms rod chamber 7 and arrives oil cylinder Runner between outlet 6；Hollow stem 202 is pressed on the shoulder position of 202 right end of second shell by elastic force and oil liquid pressure, Form sealing, partition rod chamber 7 to the runner between oil cylinder outlet 6, the second elastic component 203 and third elastic component 210 can be with Spring is substituted using spring or the elastomer that other spring-likes can also be used.

As shown in figs. 12-15, according to highest compensator or trimmer pressure design requirement, buffer module provided by the invention includes buffering peak Duty pressure adjustment module 30 buffers the Opening pressure of surge pressure adjustment module 30 by setting, by buffer stage rod chamber 7 Highest surge is effectively controlled under design requirement pressure.Wherein, the housing in buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 is Third housing 301, buffer bar are pressure adjusting lever 302, and resilient snubber is the 4th elastic component 303, and throttle orifice throttles for third Hole 304.

Third threaded hole is offered on guide sleeve 1, external screw thread is provided on third housing 301, third housing 301 passes through Threaded connection is arranged in third threaded hole, and then entire buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 is fixed in guide sleeve 1.

Axially disposed in third housing 301 to have third through-hole 306, the 4th elastic component 303 and pressure adjusting lever 302 are set In third through-hole 306, third through-hole 306 connects third throttle orifice 304, and pressure adjusting lever 302 can be in third through-hole 306 Move back and forth the 4th elastic component 303 of compression or release, in a state that pressure adjusting lever 302 compresses the 4th elastic component 303, rod chamber 7th, third through-hole 306 and third throttle orifice 304 are in fluid communication, and pressure adjusting lever 302 discharges the 4th elastic component 303, in the 4th bullet Property part 303 under the action of, pressure adjusting lever 302 by rod chamber 7 in third through-hole 306 oil circuit close.

Optionally, third through-hole 306 is stepped hole, including third large through-hole and third small through hole, the hole of third large through-hole Diameter is more than the aperture of third small through hole.Third small through hole is relative to third large through-hole close to rod chamber 7.Third large through-hole and third The junction of small through hole is using the second inclined-plane throat structure transition connection.

4th elastic component 303 and pressure adjusting lever 302 are arranged in third large through-hole, third large through-hole connection third section Discharge orifice 304, third small through hole connection rod chamber 7,

The bar diameter of pressure adjusting lever 302 is suitable with the aperture of third large through-hole (equal or almost equal), pressure adjusting lever 302 bar diameter is more than the aperture of third small through hole, and third large through-hole is circumferentially provided at least one the second axial notches, pressure The second flow channels 305 are formed between 302 and second axial notch of adjusting rod, pressure adjusting lever 302 compresses the 4th elastic component 303 When, rod chamber 7, third small through hole, the second flow channels 305 and third throttle orifice 304 are in fluid communication, and pressure adjusting lever 302 is released It puts the 4th elastic component 303 to move to third small through hole direction, since the bar diameter of pressure adjusting lever 302 is more than the hole of third small through hole Diameter, pressure adjusting lever 302 can close the oil circuit between third small through hole and the second flow channels 305, make third small through hole Interior fluid is not connected with the fluid in third large through-hole and the second flow channels 305.

Further, the 4th spring may be used in the 4th elastic component 303, and the outer diameter of the 4th spring is not more than pressure adjusting lever 302 bar diameter.

In above-described embodiment, third throttle orifice 304 is arranged on the one end of third threaded hole far from piston 4 on guide sleeve 1, the The aperture of three throttle orifices 304 is less than the outer diameter of the 4th elastic component 303, and third throttle orifice 304 connects the oil cylinder set on guide sleeve 1 Outlet 6 and third large through-hole.

The course of work for buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 is as follows：

Third throttle orifice 304 is provided between buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 and oil cylinder outlet 6, works as pressure adjusting lever Under the 302 oil liquid pressure effect in rod chamber 7 during compression the 4th elastic component 303 movement, the fluid in rod chamber 7 passes through third Throttle orifice 304 flows to oil cylinder outlet 6.

Before piston rod 5 stretches out, fluid in rod chamber 7 acted on through third small through hole pressure adjusting lever 302 right side, Fluid in oil cylinder outlet 6 acts on the left side of pressure adjusting lever 302 through third throttle orifice 304, pre- in the 4th elastic component 303 If under pressure effect, pressure adjusting lever 302 is pressed on the second inclined-plane throat structure in third housing 301, and with second tiltedly Throttleng surface is cooperatively formed between reduction of area mouth structure, will be closed between third small through hole and third large through-hole, therefore, second crosses circulation Road 305 is closed.

During piston rod 5 stretches out, when the oil liquid pressure in rod chamber 7 is higher than compensator or trimmer pressure limits value, pressure is adjusted Bar 302 compresses the 4th elastic component 303 under the oil liquid pressure effect in rod chamber 7, and pressure adjusting lever 302 leaves the contracting of the second inclined-plane Mouth structure, third small through hole are connected with third large through-hole, and the second flow channels 305 are opened in short-term, and the fluid in rod chamber 7 is through Three small through hole, third large through-hole, the second flow channels 305, third throttle orifice 304 flow to oil cylinder outlet 6, buffer peak impact Pressure.

In the above embodiments, buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 is used to adjust the surge pressure in buffering course, It can be threaded or other forms are fixed in guide sleeve 1；The pressure buffered in surge pressure adjustment module 30 is adjusted Bar 302 and 301 internal engagement of third housing form throttleng surface, which can be used linear sealing when being closed or face is close Seal structure；Third throttle orifice 304, third throttle orifice 304 are offered between buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 and oil cylinder outlet 6 Aperture can be set according to buffer requirements.

In the illustrative examples of guiding buffer unit that the invention described above provides, according to different compensator or trimmer pressure and buffering Rate request may be selected different buffer modules and carry out function combination, and therefore, buffer module can include buffering end deceleration mould Block 10, buffering end pressure-reduction module 20, one kind in buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 or the group including two of which It closes or includes three kinds of combination.Each function module both can individually work, and also can arbitrarily combine, and optimize buffer structure.It is slow Rushing the quantity of end pressure-reduction module 20, buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 and buffering end slowdown module 10 can want according to buffering Ask adjustment.

One preferably or in alternative embodiment, buffering peak value there are one can integrating is oriented in the guide sleeve 1 of buffer unit 30, buffering end pressure-reduction modules 20 of pressure adjusting module and two buffering end slowdown modules 10, two buffering ends subtract Fast module 10 is symmetrical, and each module can be connected through a screw thread and be fixed in guide sleeve 1 respectively.Buffering end slowdown module 10 are distributed on guide sleeve 1, and quantity can be set according to different buffer requirements, to avoid unbalance loading, the guiding in the present embodiment Set 1 is symmetrical arranged two buffering end slowdown modules 10.

Buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 is integrated one preferably or in alternative embodiment, in guide sleeve 1, buffering end subtracts Die block 20 and buffering end slowdown module 10 solve buffering surge pressure, buffering end pressure, buffering end speed three and set It is big by current structure optimizing difficulty to count index, the problem of optimized buffer performance can not be obtained.It is slow by integrated three kinds simultaneously Punching performance regulating device, the buffer gap cooperation reduced between cushion collar 3 and guide sleeve 1 require, and improve the reliability of oil cylinder.

The present invention also provides a kind of hydraulic cylinder, including the guiding buffer unit in any of the above-described embodiment.

The present invention also provides a kind of excavator, including the hydraulic cylinder in any of the above-described embodiment.

By the description of above-mentioned each embodiment, it can derive that the present invention has at least the following advantages：

1) present invention integrates buffering end slowdown module 10 in guide sleeve 1, can effectively reduce buffering end piston rod 5 Movement velocity avoids piston 4 from colliding with guide sleeve 1.

2) buffering end slowdown module 10 provided by the invention, check valve 105 is opened when piston 4 slows down, and fluid passes through Deceleration is realized in 105 repairing of check valve；Piston 4 slows down after stopping, and check valve 105 is closed, and fluid is throttled by throttle orifice, control Downshift lever counter motion speed processed, avoids reverse impact.

3) present invention integrates buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 in guide sleeve 1, can effectively control buffering end pressure, avoid The robust motion of oil cylinder is realized in tip speed fluctuation of the oil cylinder under complete machine use condition, improves the operating comfort of complete machine With working efficiency.

4) pressure spring is provided in buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 provided by the invention, it can be to buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 Opening pressure is preset, and is adapted under different buffer conditions to terminal pressure requirement.

5) buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 provided by the invention sets buffering end pressure by 202 length of hollow stem and originates Position is controlled, avoids impact and noise caused by oil cylinder working-pressure declines suddenly at the end of the stroke.

6) buffering end decompressor 20 provided by the invention sets decompressor by hollow stem 202 and controls position, real Buffering surge pressure is showed and two stage pressures of buffering end pressure is adjusted.

7) buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 provided by the invention is provided with throttle orifice between oil cylinder outlet 6, logical to maximum Flow is limited, and effectively controls maximum reducing rate.

8) present invention integrates buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 in guide sleeve 1, controls peak impact pressure, avoids delaying The excessively high damage caused by oil cylinder of stamping press.

9) pressure spring is provided in buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 provided by the invention, it can be to buffering surge pressure The Opening pressure of adjustment module 30 is preset, and adapts to different buffering surge pressure requirements.

10) buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30 provided by the invention is provided with throttle orifice between oil cylinder outlet 6, to most Big through-current capacity is limited, and can avoid oil cylinder velocity jump while maximum cushioning pressure is ensured.

11) guide sleeve 1 provided by the invention uses modularized design, be internally integrated buffering surge pressure adjustment module 30, Buffering end pressure-reduction module 20 and buffering end slowdown module 10, three kinds of devices using thread connection, are easily changed adjustment, drop Low debugging and maintenance difficulties.

12) each function module provided by the invention both can individually work, and can also need to carry out arbitrary function according to design Combination effectively balances three buffering surge pressure, buffering end pressure and buffer speed technical performances with reference to buffer gap Parameter has advanced optimized buffer structure.

Finally it should be noted that:The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof；To the greatest extent The present invention is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments for pipe, those of ordinary skills in the art should understand that：Still It can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention or equivalent replacement is carried out to some technical characteristics；Without departing from this hair The spirit of bright technical solution should all cover in the claimed technical solution range of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. a kind of guiding buffer unit, including cylinder barrel (2), guide sleeve (1), piston (4) and piston rod (5), the guide sleeve (1) It is arranged on the cylinder barrel (2), the piston (4) is arranged in the cylinder barrel (2), one end connection institute of the piston rod (5) State piston (4), the other end of the piston rod (5) is pierced by the guide sleeve (1), piston rod (5) institute in the cylinder barrel (2) Chamber for rod chamber (7), oil cylinder outlet (6) is provided on the guide sleeve (1), it is characterised in that：On the guide sleeve (1) At least one buffer module is provided with, the buffer module includes housing, buffer bar and elastic buffer are provided in the housing Part；During the piston rod (5) is stretched out to the guide sleeve (1) direction, the buffer bar is in the piston (4) and institute It states and squeezes the resilient snubber under the action of rod chamber (7) oil pressure, by the elastic force of the resilient snubber and described have The oil pressure of rod cavity (7) slows down the stretching speed of the piston rod (5)；

Each buffer module corresponds to a throttle orifice being arranged on the guide sleeve (1), and the throttle orifice connects it The corresponding buffer module and oil cylinder outlet (6)；

The buffer module includes buffering end slowdown module (10), and the housing includes first shell (101), the buffer bar Including buffer deceleration bar (102), the resilient snubber includes the first elastic component (103), and the throttle orifice includes first throttle Hole (104), the buffering end slowdown module (10) further include check valve (105), and the is provided in the first shell (101) One through-hole, the check valve (105) and first elastic component (103) are arranged in the first through hole, and the buffering subtracts One end of fast bar (102) is located in the first through hole, and the other end of the buffer deceleration bar (102) is located at the rod chamber (7) in, the buffer deceleration bar (102) can move back and forth compression in the first through hole or discharge first elastic component (103), the buffer deceleration bar (102) positioned at the position of the first through hole can between the inner wall of the first through hole shape Into closed cavity (106), it is provided with to connect the closed cavity (106) and the list on the buffer deceleration bar (102) To the oil circuit of valve (105) oil outlet, the oil inlet of the check valve (105) connects the first through hole, and the first through hole is also Connect the first segment discharge orifice (104).

2. it is oriented to buffer unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Check valve section is additionally provided on the check valve (105) Discharge orifice (108), the check valve throttle orifice (108) connect spring cavity and the first through hole in the check valve (105).

3. it is oriented to buffer unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The first through hole includes first that aperture is sequentially reduced Large through-hole and the first small through hole, the first deceleration rod segment that the buffer deceleration bar (102) is sequentially reduced including bar diameter, second are slowed down Rod segment and third deceleration rod segment, the first deceleration rod segment, the second deceleration rod segment and first elastic component (103) equal position In in first large through-hole, in a state that the buffer deceleration bar (102) moves back and forth in the first through hole, described One end of three deceleration rod segments is located in first large through-hole or in first small through hole, the third deceleration rod segment The other end is pierced by first small through hole and is located in the rod chamber (7)；The bar diameter of the first deceleration rod segment and described first The aperture of large through-hole is suitable, and the bar diameter of the second deceleration rod segment is less than the aperture of first large through-hole, more than described first The aperture of small through hole, the bar diameter of the third deceleration rod segment is suitable with the aperture of first small through hole, the buffer deceleration bar (102) in the first through hole move back and forth in the state of, the second deceleration rod segment can with first large through-hole it Between formed the closed cavity (106) or the second deceleration rod segment and part the third deceleration rod segment jointly with it is described The closed cavity (106) is formed between first large through-hole.

4. it is oriented to buffer unit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：First axis is provided in the first deceleration rod segment Hole, the oil outlet of the check valve (105) are arranged in the first axis hole, are provided in the second deceleration rod segment at least one 5th radial hole (107), the 5th radial hole (107) connect the oil outlet of the check valve (105) and the closed cavity (106)。

5. it is oriented to buffer unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The buffer module includes buffering end pressure-reduction module (20), the housing includes second shell (201), and the buffer bar includes hollow stem (202), and the resilient snubber includes the Two elastic components (203), the throttle orifice include the second throttle orifice (204), and third axial direction is provided in the second shell (201) Hole, second elastic component (203) are arranged in the third axial hole, and one end of the hollow stem (202) is located at described the In three axial holes, the other end of the hollow stem (202) is located at the rod chamber (7), and the hollow stem (202) can be described Compression is moved back and forth in third axial hole or discharges second elastic component (203), the second shell (201) and the guiding Annular chamber (206) is formed between set (1), the annular chamber (206) is described hollow for connecting second throttle orifice (204) The hollow stem oil circuit for connecting the rod chamber (7) and the third axial hole, the second shell are provided on bar (202) (201) the third radial hole (209) for connecting the hollow stem oil circuit and the annular chamber (206) is provided on, described In a state that hollow stem (202) compresses second elastic component (203), the hollow stem oil is in fluid communication in the rod chamber (7) Road, the third radial hole (209) and the annular chamber (206).

6. it is oriented to buffer unit as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The hollow stem oil circuit includes being arranged on the hollow stem (202) the second through-hole in further includes the first radial hole (207) for being arranged on the hollow stem (202) one end and is arranged on institute Second radial hole (208) of hollow stem (202) other end is stated, first radial hole (207) connects the rod chamber (7) and institute The second through-hole is stated, second radial hole (208) connects second through-hole, compresses described second in the hollow stem (202) In the state of elastic component (203), second radial hole (208) also is able to connect the third radial hole (209).

7. it is oriented to buffer unit as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The second axis is additionally provided in the second shell (201) Xiang Kong, the annular chamber (206) connect second throttle orifice (204), second axial hole by second axial hole Third elastic component (210) and throttling rod (211) are inside provided with, the throttling rod (211) can be past in second axial hole Multiple motion compresses or the release third elastic component (210), when the oil pressure in the annular chamber (206) reaches setting value, institute It states throttling rod (211) and compresses the third elastic component (210), the annular chamber (206), second axial hole and described second Throttle orifice (204) is in fluid communication, and when the oil pressure in the annular chamber (206) is less than setting value, the throttling rod (211) is in institute Under the action of stating third elastic component (210), the oil circuit between the annular chamber (206) and second axial hole is closed.

8. it is oriented to buffer unit as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Second axial hole includes that aperture is sequentially reduced Two big axial holes and the second small axial hole, the throttling rod (211) and the third elastic component (210) are arranged on described second largest In axial hole, the bar diameter of the throttling rod (211) is suitable with the aperture of the second largest axial hole, the throttling rod (211) Bar diameter is more than the aperture of the described second small axial hole, the second largest axial hole to be circumferentially provided at least one first axis recessed Slot forms the first flow channels (212) between the throttling rod (211) and the first axis groove, described first crosses circulation Road (212) connects second throttle orifice (204), described when the throttling rod (211) compresses third elastic component (210) Annular chamber (206), the second small axial hole and first flow channels (212) are in fluid communication, and the throttling rod (211) is released Put the third elastic component (210) to the described second small axial hole direction move when, since the bar diameter of the throttling rod (211) is big In the aperture of the described second small axial hole, the throttling rod (211) can be by the described second small axial hole and first overcurrent Connection closing between channel (212).

9. it is oriented to buffer unit as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Block is additionally provided in the annular chamber (206), it is described The annular chamber (206) is divided into first annular chamber and the second annular chamber by block, and connection described the is provided on the block The block through-hole (215) of one annular chamber and second annular chamber.

10. it is oriented to buffer unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The buffer module includes buffering surge pressure and adjusts Module (30), the housing include third housing (301), and the buffer bar includes pressure adjusting lever (302), the elastic buffer Part includes the 4th elastic component (303), and the throttle orifice includes third throttle orifice (304), is provided in the third housing (301) Third through-hole (306), the 4th elastic component (303) and the pressure adjusting lever (302) are arranged on the third through-hole (306) Interior, the third through-hole (306) connects the third throttle orifice (304), and the pressure adjusting lever (302) can be in the third Compression is moved back and forth in through-hole (306) or discharges the 4th elastic component (303), described in pressure adjusting lever (302) compression In the state of 4th elastic component (303), the rod chamber (7), the third through-hole (306) and the third throttle orifice (304) It is in fluid communication, the pressure adjusting lever (302) discharges the 4th elastic component (303), in the work of the 4th elastic component (303) Under, the pressure adjusting lever (302) closes the rod chamber (7) to the oil circuit in the third through-hole (306).

11. such as the guiding buffer unit of claim 10, it is characterised in that：The third through-hole (306) subtracts successively including aperture Small third large through-hole and third small through hole, the 4th elastic component (303) and the pressure adjusting lever (302) are arranged at institute It states in third large through-hole, the third large through-hole connects the third throttle orifice (304), has described in the third small through hole connection Rod cavity (7), the bar diameter of the pressure adjusting lever (302) is suitable with the aperture of the third large through-hole, the pressure adjusting lever (302) bar diameter is more than the aperture of the third small through hole, and the third large through-hole is circumferentially provided at least one the second axis To groove, the second flow channels (305), the pressure are formed between the pressure adjusting lever (302) and second axial notch When draft control lever (302) compresses the 4th elastic component (303), the rod chamber (7), the third small through hole, described second Flow channels (305) and the third throttle orifice (304) are in fluid communication, and the pressure adjusting lever (302) discharges the 4th bullet Property part (303) is moved to the third small through hole direction, and the pressure adjusting lever (302) can be by the third small through hole and institute State the oil circuit closing between the second flow channels (305).

12. a kind of hydraulic cylinder, it is characterised in that：Buffer unit is oriented to including such as claim 1-11 any one of them.

13. a kind of excavator, it is characterised in that：Including hydraulic cylinder as claimed in claim 12.