CN106280016A - 低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106280016A
CN106280016A CN201610767670.5A CN201610767670A CN106280016A CN 106280016 A CN106280016 A CN 106280016A CN 201610767670 A CN201610767670 A CN 201610767670A CN 106280016 A CN106280016 A CN 106280016A
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王刚
闫溥
李停停
李荣群
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HEFEI ORINKO PLASTICS GROUP CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及高分子技术领域,具体涉及低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法,其制备原料由聚丙烯、增韧剂、天然纤维、皮肤触感改良剂、玻璃微珠、相容剂以及其它助剂组成,所述制备原料充分混合后投入平行双螺杆挤出机中熔融,经挤出、造粒,制得低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料。本发明在制备过程中通过添加天然纤维、玻璃微珠、相容剂、良触感改性剂等,使得制备的聚丙烯复合材料具有超低光泽度、低密度、耐刮擦、皮肤触感、低收缩等特点,而且,本发明在保持皮肤触感的同时,显示出良好的刚性和韧性,密度小于1.02g/cm3,满足了轻量化的发展趋势。

Description

低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子技术领域,具体涉及低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法
背景技术
汽车内饰件所用塑料占整车塑料量的50%以上。汽车内饰件的质量取决于所选用的材料。过去汽车内饰件多使用金属、木材和纤维纺织品等材料,外观和质感都不理想。热塑性塑料具有易成型、韧性好、强度高、隔热好、质地轻、耐腐蚀及成本低等一系列优点,已经取代了传统钢铁材料在汽车内饰件上的应用。
现有技术中,矿物填充聚丙烯具有密度较低、力学性能优异、耐腐蚀、环保、价格低廉以及利于回收利用等特点,广泛应用于汽车内外饰中。近年来,汽车产业的迅猛发展,对汽车内饰材料提出了越来越高的要求,如仪表板、门板、立柱等,不仅要求高冲击、耐刮擦、低气味、尺寸稳定性好等性能,还要求材料具有低光泽度、表面有良好的触感。
目前汽车内饰流行在视觉给人以亚光、舒适的感觉,在触觉上具有良好的触感。而传统的PP注塑成型制件表面给人一种硬质塑料感强,触感生硬。因此,通过配方设计,赋予普通的硬质PP材料以“亚光低奢、良皮肤触感”。“皮肤触感”是塑料制件的一种表观性能,可描述为手触摸到制件表面有一定的柔软度,达到仿生效果,提高了汽车内饰材料的档次。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,采用了以下技术方案:一种低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,所述改性复合材料的制备原料按重量份数组成如下:
所述的聚丙烯为高流动的共聚聚丙烯,其熔指为20-100g/10min,所述的相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯。
所述的天然纤维为植物纤维中的一种或者两种以上的混合物,所述植物纤维为竹纤维、麻纤维,为连续纤维。
所述的玻璃微珠为3M公司生产的抗剪切破碎的IM16K中空玻璃微珠。
所述的增韧剂为乙烯-丁烯聚合物、乙烯-辛烯聚合物、乙烯-丙烯聚合物中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
所述的皮肤触感改良剂为三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯聚合物、聚丁烯、氢化苯乙烯类嵌段共共聚物以及具有乙烯基-聚二烯软段的苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
所述的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)按所述制备原料的重量份数称取原料,将聚丙烯、增韧剂、皮肤触感改良剂加入到混合机中,于800-1500r/min下混合3-15分钟,然后加入相容剂和其他助剂,于800-1500r/min下继续混合3-15分钟;
(2)将步骤(1)中充分混合的物料加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融,在挤出机的侧喂料口加入天然纤维和玻璃微珠,在氮气保护下熔融混合,最后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出、造粒成型,制得低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料。
所述的双螺杆挤出机有两个抽真空处,其中一个抽真空处位于输送料段的末端、熔融段的开始端;另一个抽真空处位于计量段。
所述的双螺杆挤出机的螺杆长径比为40-50:1,双螺杆挤出机包括八个温控区,且温控区的温度均为190-230℃,螺杆转速为200-500r/min。
所述的双螺杆挤出机的其螺杆组合有如下特点:
1)喂料段为导程56/56mm、螺槽深度10-12mm的正向螺纹输送段元件;
2)熔融混合段为30°和45°角的啮合快组成;
3)计量段增加一组齿轮盘,提高玻璃微珠的在螺杆中的分散。
采用上述技术方案制备的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料具备以下优点:
1、本发明在制备改性聚丙烯材料过程中通过添加玻璃微珠、增韧剂和皮肤触感改良剂,玻璃微珠优先被增韧剂和皮肤触感改性剂插层及包裹,形成“核-壳”结构,分散在PP相中,天然纤维的引入,提高了材料的刚性。注塑成型过程中,“核-壳”结构的玻璃微珠相对天然纤维更易分布在制件表面,玻璃微珠包裹的增韧剂和皮肤触感改性剂会降低材料的表面硬度,使材料具有皮肤触感,同时天然纤维分布在基体内部起到骨架作用,达到仿生的目的。制备的聚丙烯复合材料具有超低光泽度、低密度、耐刮擦、皮肤触感、低收缩等特点,超亚光、皮肤触感解决了汽车内饰材料塑料感强的印象,提升了汽车内饰材料的档次,低收缩率解决了的制件翘曲变形的缺点,满足零部件尺寸装配要求。
2、本发明中所述的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,根据本行业的检测标准,缺口冲击强度大于20KJ/m2、弯曲模量大于1200MPa,显示出良好的刚性和韧性,同时密度小于1.02g/cm3,满足了轻量化的发展趋势。
3、本发明制得的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,其制备过程中的聚丙烯、天然纤维原料、助剂等原料易得,材料可循环使用,可直接用于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
为更好理解本发明,下面结合具体的实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例中的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料是由表1中所示原料按重量份组成,其中,
聚丙烯为熔指20-100g/10min高流动的共聚聚丙烯;
相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯;
天然纤维选自竹纤维、麻纤维等植物纤维,为连续纤维;
玻璃微珠为3M公司生产的抗剪切破碎的IM16K中空玻璃微珠;
增韧剂选自乙烯-丁烯聚合物、乙烯-辛烯聚合物、乙烯-丙烯聚合物中的一种或者两种以上的混合物;
皮肤触感改良剂选自三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯聚合物、聚丁烯、氢化苯乙烯类嵌段共共聚物以及具有乙烯基-聚二烯软段的苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物中的一种或者两种以上的混合物;
其它助剂有抗氧剂、光稳定剂、耐刮擦剂等。
具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)按所述制备原料的重量份数称取原料,将聚丙烯、增韧剂、皮肤触感改性剂加入到混合机中,于800-1500r/min下混合3-15分钟,然后加入相容剂和其他助剂,于800-1500r/min下继续混合3-15分钟;
(2)将步骤(1)中充分混合的物料加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融,在挤出机的侧喂料口加入天然纤维和中空玻璃微珠,在氮气保护下熔融混合,最后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出、造粒成型,制得低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料。
如在本发明的制备组份中添加耐刮擦剂、抗静电剂、着色剂等功能助剂,使复合材料具有相应特性亦受本发明保护。
表1具体实施例中制备原料的组成
根据相关检测标准,对具体实施例1-5及对比例制得的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料进行测试,主要测试物性指标如下:拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、悬臂梁缺口冲击强、邵氏硬度D、光泽度与皮肤触感,其检测标准与检测结果如表2所示:
表2低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料主要物性指标
由表2可知,通过按比例添加各种原材料,经过双螺杆挤出机得到的塑料颗粒,是可以得到低密度、超亚光、触感好聚丙烯复合材料的。光泽度方面可以降到3以下,在皮肤触感方面,实施例1~5的手感都是柔软的并且有挺度,而对比例一的触摸手感是十分之硬,触感差;对比例二,虽然柔软性可以,但是没有挺度,有种塌陷感觉,触感也比较差。
所述的实施例并非仅限于本发明的保护范围,所有基于本发明的基本思想而进行修改或变动的都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于:所述复合材料的制备原料按重量份数组成如下:
2.根据权利要求1所述的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于:所述的聚丙烯为高流动的共聚聚丙烯,其熔指为20-100g/10min;所述的相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于:所述的天然纤维为植物纤维中的一种或者两种以上的混合物,所述的植物纤维为竹纤维、麻纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于:所述的玻璃微珠为3M公司生产的抗剪切破碎的IM16K中空玻璃微珠。
5.根据权利要求1所述的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于:所述的增韧剂为乙烯-丁烯聚合物、乙烯-辛烯聚合物、乙烯-丙烯聚合物中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于:所述的皮肤触感改良剂为三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯聚合物、聚丁烯、氢化苯乙烯类嵌段共共聚物以及具有乙烯基-聚二烯软段的苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
7.一种制备如权利要求1所述的低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按所述制备原料的重量份数称取原料,将聚丙烯、增韧剂、皮肤触感改良剂加入到混合机中,于800-1500r/min下混合3-15分钟,然后加入相容剂和其他助剂,于800-1500r/min下继续混合3-15分钟;
(2)将步骤(1)中充分混合的物料加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融,在挤出机的侧喂料口加入天然纤维和玻璃微珠,在氮气保护下熔融混合,最后通过双螺杆挤出机挤出、造粒成型,制得低密度超亚光仿生聚丙烯复合材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的双螺杆挤出机有两个抽真空处,其中一个抽真空处位于输送料段的末端、熔融段的开始端;另一个抽真空处位于计量段。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的双螺杆挤出机的螺杆长径比为40-50:1,双螺杆挤出机包括八个温控区,且温控区的温度均为190-230℃,螺杆转速为200-500r/min。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的双螺杆挤出机的螺杆组合有如下特点:
1)喂料段为导程56/56mm、螺槽深度10-12mm的正向螺纹输送段元件;
2)熔融混合段为30°和45°角的啮合块组成;
3)计量段增加一组齿轮盘,提高玻璃微珠的在螺杆中的分散。
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