CN106276901B - Method and system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by using oxygen thermal method - Google Patents
Method and system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by using oxygen thermal method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by an oxygen thermal methodA method and system. The method comprises the following steps: coal dust enters the top of the high-temperature reaction furnace through the cyclone burner and is fully combusted with high-temperature oxygen-containing gas; grinding a carbon raw material and a calcium raw material into powder, and then feeding the powder into a high-temperature reaction furnace from the side part of the high-temperature reaction furnace through inert gas for high-temperature reaction; the calcium carbide product generated by the reaction forms a liquid molten state at high temperature, and the molten calcium carbide is cooled by a waste heat recovery device to form the calcium carbide product. The by-product generated in the high-temperature reaction furnace enters a mixed gas channel through the lower side position of the furnace, and carbon and CO in the by-product are added into the mixed gas channel2The reaction generates CO, and then the CO passes through a heat exchanger and a purification separator to obtain a CO product. By utilizing the process method, the pulverized coal enters the reaction furnace through the cyclone burner to be fully combusted, and a higher temperature is formed, so that the raw materials are subjected to high-efficiency reaction, a byproduct CO is obtained, and the aim of CO-production of calcium carbide and CO is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of calcium carbide production, and particularly relates to a method and a system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by an oxygen thermal method.
Background
Calcium carbide is commonly known as calcium carbide (CaC)2) Before the middle of the last century, it was known as the parent of organic synthesis. At present, the method is mainly used for producing series products such as chloroethylene, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid and the like, for example, about 70 percent of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) in China is produced from acetylene carbide. In recent years, the rising of petroleum price stimulates the development of the calcium carbide industry, and the yield of the calcium carbide in China is increased from 425 ten thousand tons in 2002 to 1900 ten thousand tons in 2012.
The traditional calcium carbide production adopts a fixed bed-electric arc method, blocky calcium oxide and blocky coke in a fixed bed (also called a moving bed or an electric furnace) are heated to more than 2000 ℃ by utilizing high temperature generated by electric arc, and stay for a certain time to generate molten calcium carbide. In the production process, the mixture of calcium oxide and coke is added from the upper end of the electric furnace, CO generated by the reaction of the calcium oxide and the coke is discharged from the upper part of the furnace body through a block material gap, the molten product calcium carbide is discharged from the bottom of the furnace, and the finished product is obtained after cooling and crushing. The electric arc method adopts high-grade electric energy for heating, and has high energy consumption. The average power consumption for producing 1 ton calcium carbide in China is reported to be 3250kW/h, wherein about 60 percent of the average power consumption is used for heating and reacting raw materials, and about 40 percent of the average power consumption is taken away by emptying high-temperature calcium carbide furnace gas (including CO). In addition, the electric furnace is complicated in construction, difficult to scale up, and high in electrode consumption, resulting in high investment and running costs.
In order to solve the problems of high investment, high energy consumption and high pollution in calcium carbide production, the research has been carried out on preparing the calcium carbide by using an oxygen thermal method, most of the existing synthesis processes using the oxygen thermal method are block raw material mixed feeding, fuel (solid fuel, liquid fuel or gas fuel) is used for combustion to provide heat, the synthesis of the calcium carbide by using the oxygen thermal method can obviously reduce energy consumption and has positive energy strategic significance, but the block raw material feeding is easy to cause the problems of insufficient contact, long retention time in a furnace and the like, and the energy consumption is increased; the powdery materials can be effectively contacted, and the reaction time is short. In addition, the byproduct flue gas generated in the existing process for producing calcium carbide by an oxygen thermal method is often discharged as waste gas, so that on one hand, resource waste is caused, and on the other hand, the environment is polluted. Therefore, the research on the novel process for synthesizing the calcium carbide by the oxygen thermal method has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by an oxygen thermal method, and mainly solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the reaction efficiency of the calcium carbide production by the oxygen thermal method is low, and a flue gas byproduct generated by the reaction cannot be fully utilized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by an oxygen thermal method comprises the following steps: coal dust enters the top of the high-temperature reaction furnace through the cyclone burner and is fully combusted with high-temperature oxygen-containing gas entering the reaction furnace; grinding a carbon raw material and a calcium raw material into powder, and then feeding the powder into a high-temperature reaction furnace from the side part of the high-temperature reaction furnace through inert gas for high-temperature reaction; the calcium carbide product generated by the reaction forms a liquid molten state at high temperature, and the molten calcium carbide is cooled by a waste heat recovery device to form the calcium carbide product.
The pulverized coal is ground to 20-200 microns in advance by a superfine coal mill, the ground pulverized coal is conveyed to an inlet of a high-temperature reaction furnace through a pulverized coal conveying device and enters from the top of the high-temperature reaction furnace through a cyclone burner, high-temperature oxygen-containing gas required by combustion is sprayed in the tangential direction of the high-temperature cyclone reaction furnace at a very high speed (more than 30 m/s), the pulverized coal is fully combusted in the high-temperature cyclone reaction furnace, and the average combustion temperature in the furnace is more than 1700 ℃. The carbon raw material and the calcium raw material are ground into powder with the particle size of 20-200 um by a flour mill, and inert gas carriers are adopted to be conveyed to the high-temperature reaction furnace through a material conveying device.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the by-product generated in the high-temperature reaction furnace enters a mixed gas channel through the lower side position of the furnace, and carbon and CO in the by-product are added into the mixed gas channel2The reaction generates CO, and then the CO passes through a heat exchanger and a purification separator to obtain a CO product.
The byproduct flue gas generated in the high-temperature reaction furnace contains CO2By adding carbon to the gas mixture channel, it is mixed with CO2And reacting to generate CO, then sequentially passing the CO and the rest of CO through a heat exchanger and a purification separator to obtain a CO product, wherein the heat exchanger is used for cooling the flue gas after reaction, then removing dust in the purification separator to obtain clean CO gas through separation, and the separated dust can be conveyed to a high-temperature reaction furnace for recycling.
Preferably, waste heat secondary air generated in the process that the molten calcium carbide is cooled by the waste heat recovery device enters the high-temperature reaction furnace to be recycled as high-temperature oxygen-containing gas.
Preferably, high-temperature secondary air generated in the process that CO in the mixed gas channel exchanges heat through a heat exchanger enters the high-temperature reaction furnace to be recycled as high-temperature oxygen-containing gas.
Preferably, the dust obtained by separating CO in the mixed gas channel through the purification separator is conveyed to the high-temperature reaction furnace through the fly ash remelting device for reuse.
Preferably, the particle size range of the coal powder is 20-200 um, and the particle size range of the powder prepared by grinding the carbon raw material and the calcium raw material is 20-200 um.
Preferably, the high temperature oxygen-containing gas enters the reactor from the upper side of the high temperature reactor at a velocity of more than 30 m/s in a tangential direction.
The invention also provides a system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by an oxygen thermal method, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a pulverized coal conveying device, a material conveying device, a gas conveying device, a fan, a cyclone burner, a high-temperature reaction furnace, a waste heat recovery device, a slag catching pipe and an inert gas generating device;
the pulverized coal conveying device is connected with the cyclone burner and is used for conveying pulverized coal to the cyclone burner;
the cyclone burner is arranged at the top end of the high-temperature reaction furnace, is connected with the high-temperature reaction furnace, and is used for receiving the pulverized coal conveyed by the pulverized coal conveying device, burning the pulverized coal and then outputting the burnt pulverized coal to the high-temperature reaction furnace;
the material conveying device is connected with the side part of the high-temperature reaction furnace and is used for conveying the carbon raw material, the calcium raw material powder and the inert gas to the high-temperature reaction furnace together for high-temperature reaction;
the gas conveying device is used for conveying the high-temperature oxygen-containing gas output by the high-temperature reaction furnace into the furnace again for cyclic utilization and conveying the inert gas into the material conveying device and receiving air supplemented by the fan;
the fan is used for supplying air to the gas conveying device;
the high-temperature reaction furnace is used for receiving the pulverized coal conveyed by the pulverized coal conveying device, combusting the pulverized coal in the furnace to generate high temperature, receiving the carbon raw material and calcium raw material powder conveyed by the material conveying device, reacting at the high temperature in the furnace to produce calcium carbide products, and connecting the calcium carbide products with the gas conveying device to obtain oxygen required by the reaction;
the waste heat recovery device is connected with the bottom of the high-temperature reaction furnace and used for receiving calcium carbide products generated in the high-temperature reaction furnace and cooling the calcium carbide products to form calcium carbide products, and waste heat gas is conveyed to the high-temperature reaction furnace through the gas conveying device and is recycled;
the slag catching pipe is connected with the lower side of the high-temperature reaction furnace and used for receiving residues generated by the high-temperature reaction furnace;
the inert gas generating device is connected with the gas conveying device and used for generating inert gas, and the generated inert gas is conveyed to the material conveying device through the gas conveying device.
The system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by the oxygen thermal method further comprises: the system comprises a mixed gas channel, a carbon conveying device, a heat exchanger, a purification separator and a fly ash remelting device;
the mixed gas channel is connected with the slag catching pipe and is used for receiving mixed flue gas generated by the high-temperature reaction furnace;
the carbon conveying device is connected with the mixed gas channel and is used for conveying carbon raw materials into the mixed gas channel, and the carbon raw materials are mixed with CO in the mixed flue gas in the mixed gas channel2Reacting to generate CO;
the heat exchanger is connected with the other end of the mixed gas channel and is used for cooling the mixed flue gas after reaction through heat exchange;
the purification separator is connected with the heat exchanger and is used for purifying and separating the cooled flue gas to obtain a CO product;
the fly ash remelting device is respectively connected with the purification separator and the material conveying device, and dust separated by the purification separator returns to the material conveying device through the fly ash remelting device and is conveyed to the high-temperature reaction furnace for cyclic utilization.
Preferably, the high-temperature reaction furnace is a cylindrical reaction chamber formed by water-cooled wall tubes.
The high-temperature reaction furnace is a high-temperature combustion chamber formed by a water-cooled wall pipe, the pipe is covered with refractory materials and heat insulation materials on the fire surface, so that the high-temperature combustion furnace can burn to high heat intensity in the furnace, reactants are in a molten state and flow to the lower part of the high-temperature reaction furnace to react to achieve the purpose of generating calcium carbide, and the generated molten calcium carbide is cooled by a waste heat recovery device to form a calcium carbide product.
In order to ensure the temperature of the high-temperature reaction furnace, each section of the reaction furnace is supplemented with oxygen, or electric heat supplementation can be arranged according to the requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a new process method for preparing calcium carbide and CO gas by burning superfine solid fuel, wherein coal powder is fully burnt in a high-temperature reaction furnace through a cyclone burner to form a high temperature of 1700-2200 ℃. After the reaction raw materials are uniformly mixed, the mixture is tangentially fed into a high-temperature reaction furnace to carry out high-efficiency reaction, and high thermal strength is formed in the furnace, so that the calcium carbide product is discharged in a liquid molten state.
2. CO in the byproduct flue gas generated in the calcium carbide reaction2Carbon is added into the mixed gas channel to be reduced into CO, and the CO and a calcium carbide byproduct CO generated in the high-temperature reaction furnace are integrated into CO flue gas, so that the aim of CO-production of calcium carbide and fuel gas CO is fulfilled.
3. The whole process of the process method fully utilizes the waste heat, and the waste heat gas generated in the high-temperature reaction furnace returns to the high-temperature reaction furnace for recycling, so that the aims of recovering resources and saving fuel are fulfilled. And the dust obtained after dust removal by the purification separator is sent to the high-temperature reaction furnace for cyclic utilization through the fly ash remelting device, so that combustible substances in the fly ash are prevented from passing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by an oxygen thermal method in the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the figure is a schematic diagram of a system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by an oxygen thermal method, and as shown in the figure, the system comprises a powder making machine 1, a fan 2, a material conveying device 3, a coal mill 4, a coal powder conveying device 5, a cyclone burner 6, a high-temperature reaction furnace 7, a slag catching pipe 8, a mixed gas channel 9, a heat exchanger 10, a purification separator 11, a waste heat recovery device 12, an inert gas generation device 13, air A, a coal raw material C, waste heat secondary air D, high-temperature secondary air H, a clean CO product G, inert gas F, molten calcium carbide L, a fly ash remelting device S, a calcium carbide product P and pure carbon T.
The specific process flow of the system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas shown in the figure 1 is that a coal raw material C enters a coal mill 4 and is ground into coal powder with the particle size of 20-200 mu m, the ground coal powder is conveyed to an inlet of a high-temperature reaction furnace 7 through a coal powder conveying device 5 and then enters the high-temperature reaction furnace 7 from the top through a cyclone burner 6, high-temperature secondary air H (namely high-temperature oxygen-containing gas) required for combustion is sprayed in the tangential direction of the high-temperature reaction furnace 7 at an extremely high speed (more than 30 m/s), the coal powder C is fully combusted in the high-temperature reaction furnace 7 at the combustion temperature of 1700-2200 ℃, raw material carbon powder and calcium-containing compounds are ground into powder with the particle size of 20-200 mu m through a powder making machine 1, and then tangentially conveyed into the high-temperature reaction furnace 7 from the side of the high-temperature reaction furnace 7 through inert gas F for calcium carbide high-temperature reaction, wherein the inert gas F is from an inert gas generating device 13, the high-temperature reaction furnace 7 is a reaction chamber formed by a water wall pipe, the pipe covers refractory coating on the fire surface, so that high-temperature reaction furnace 7 can form high-temperature calcium carbide products with high-heat intensity, the residual heat intensity, the calcium carbide products are conveyed to a L through a residual heat recovery fan.
Mixed flue gas such as calcium carbide byproducts CO generated in the high-temperature cyclone reaction furnace 7 sequentially passes through a slag catching pipe 8, a mixed gas channel 9, a heat exchanger 10 and a purification separator 11; pure carbon T is added into the mixed gas channel 9, and the pure carbon T and CO contained in the mixed flue gas2The reaction generates CO, the reacted flue gas CO enters a heat exchanger 10 to exchange heat with air A input by a fan 2, and the cooled flue gas CO enters a purification separator 11 to form a clean CO product G.
The temperature of the air A conveyed by the blower 2 is raised to 400-800 ℃ after passing through the heat exchanger 10, one part of the air A is used as a drying agent of the coal mill and is conveyed into the coal mill 4 for powder preparation, and the other part of the air A can be used as high-temperature secondary air H and is tangentially led to the high-temperature reaction furnace 7, so that the high-temperature and high-efficiency combustion of the coal powder is ensured. The dust separated by the purification separator 11 is returned to the material conveying device 3 through the fly ash remelting device S for reuse.
The above description is only a part of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the contents of the embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the spirit of the invention, and any changes and modifications made are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by an oxygen thermal method comprises the following steps: coal dust enters the top of the high-temperature reaction furnace through the cyclone burner and is fully combusted with high-temperature oxygen-containing gas entering the reaction furnace; grinding a carbon raw material and a calcium raw material into powder, and then feeding the powder into a high-temperature reaction furnace from the side part of the high-temperature reaction furnace through inert gas for high-temperature reaction; the calcium carbide product generated by the reaction forms a liquid molten state at high temperature, and the molten calcium carbide is cooled by a waste heat recovery device to form the calcium carbide product; the by-product generated in the high-temperature reaction furnace enters a mixed gas channel through the lower side position of the furnace, and carbon and CO in the by-product are added into the mixed gas channel2The reaction generates CO, and then the CO passes through a heat exchanger and a purification separator to obtain a CO product.
2. The method for producing tourmaline and CO gas by the oxygen thermal method according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: and waste heat secondary air generated in the process of cooling the molten calcium carbide by the waste heat recovery device enters the high-temperature reaction furnace to be recycled as high-temperature oxygen-containing gas.
3. The method for producing tourmaline and CO gas by the oxygen thermal method according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: and high-temperature secondary air generated in the process of heat exchange of CO in the mixed gas channel through the heat exchanger enters the high-temperature reaction furnace to be recycled as high-temperature oxygen-containing gas.
4. The method for producing tourmaline and CO gas by the oxygen thermal method according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: and the dust obtained by separating CO in the mixed gas channel through the purification separator is conveyed to the high-temperature reaction furnace through the fly ash remelting device for reutilization.
5. The method for producing tourmaline and CO gas by the oxygen thermal method according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the particle size range of the pulverized coal is 20-200 um, and the particle size range of powder prepared by grinding the carbon raw material and the calcium raw material is 20-200 um.
6. The method for producing tourmaline and CO gas by the oxygen thermal method according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the high-temperature oxygen-containing gas enters the reaction furnace from the upper side of the high-temperature reaction furnace at a speed of more than 30 m/s along the tangential direction.
7. A system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by an oxygen thermal method is characterized by comprising the following components: the device comprises a pulverized coal conveying device, a material conveying device, a gas conveying device, a fan, a cyclone burner, a high-temperature reaction furnace, a waste heat recovery device, a slag catching pipe and an inert gas generating device;
the pulverized coal conveying device is connected with the cyclone burner and is used for conveying pulverized coal to the cyclone burner;
the cyclone burner is arranged at the top end of the high-temperature reaction furnace, is connected with the high-temperature reaction furnace, and is used for receiving the pulverized coal conveyed by the pulverized coal conveying device, burning the pulverized coal and then outputting the burnt pulverized coal to the high-temperature reaction furnace;
the material conveying device is connected with the side part of the high-temperature reaction furnace and is used for conveying the carbon raw material, the calcium raw material powder and the inert gas to the high-temperature reaction furnace together for high-temperature reaction;
the gas conveying device is used for conveying the high-temperature oxygen-containing gas output by the high-temperature reaction furnace into the furnace again for cyclic utilization and conveying the inert gas into the material conveying device and receiving air supplemented by the fan;
the fan is used for supplying air to the gas conveying device;
the high-temperature reaction furnace is used for receiving the pulverized coal conveyed by the pulverized coal conveying device, combusting the pulverized coal in the furnace to generate high temperature, receiving the carbon raw material and calcium raw material powder conveyed by the material conveying device, reacting at the high temperature in the furnace to produce calcium carbide products, and connecting the calcium carbide products with the gas conveying device to obtain oxygen required by the reaction;
the waste heat recovery device is connected with the bottom of the high-temperature reaction furnace and used for receiving calcium carbide products generated in the high-temperature reaction furnace and cooling the calcium carbide products to form calcium carbide products, and waste heat gas is conveyed to the high-temperature reaction furnace through the gas conveying device and is recycled;
the slag catching pipe is connected with the lower side of the high-temperature reaction furnace and used for receiving residues generated by the high-temperature reaction furnace;
the inert gas generating device is connected with the gas conveying device and used for generating inert gas, and the generated inert gas is conveyed to the material conveying device through the gas conveying device;
the system further comprises: the system comprises a mixed gas channel, a carbon conveying device, a heat exchanger, a purification separator and a fly ash remelting device;
the mixed gas channel is connected with the slag catching pipe and is used for receiving mixed flue gas generated by the high-temperature reaction furnace;
the carbon conveying device is connected with the mixed gas channel and is used for conveying carbon raw materials into the mixed gas channel, and the carbon raw materials are mixed with CO in the mixed flue gas in the mixed gas channel2Reacting to generate CO;
the heat exchanger is connected with the other end of the mixed gas channel and is used for cooling the mixed flue gas after reaction through heat exchange;
the purification separator is connected with the heat exchanger and is used for purifying and separating the cooled flue gas to obtain a CO product;
the fly ash remelting device is respectively connected with the purification separator and the material conveying device, and dust separated by the purification separator returns to the material conveying device through the fly ash remelting device and is conveyed to the high-temperature reaction furnace for cyclic utilization.
8. The system for producing calcium carbide and CO gas by the oxygen thermal method according to claim 7, wherein the system comprises: the high-temperature reaction furnace is a cylindrical reaction chamber formed by water-cooled wall tubes.
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| CN107117618B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2023-11-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device for producing calcium carbide by calcium coke pellet hierarchical oxygen thermal method |
| CN107937029A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-04-20 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | A kind of method and system of coal base calcium carbide acetylene |
| CN108439407A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-08-24 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | A kind of device of the hot method production calcium carbide of oxygen |
| DE102019008016A1 (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-20 | Linde Gmbh | Method and device for the production of carbon monoxide by reverse water gas shift |
| CN115259158B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2023-10-03 | 北京科技大学 | System and method for preparing high-reduction potential gas by calcium carbide liquid forming coupling |
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| US4301133A (en) * | 1980-04-30 | 1981-11-17 | National Research Development, Inc. | Method for preparing a calcium carbide product |
| CN101327928A (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2008-12-24 | 北京化工大学 | Calcium carbide production method |
| CN101428799A (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2009-05-13 | 北京化工大学 | System for producing calcium carbide |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0020957A1 (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-07 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacturing calcium carbide |
| US4301133A (en) * | 1980-04-30 | 1981-11-17 | National Research Development, Inc. | Method for preparing a calcium carbide product |
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| CN101428799A (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2009-05-13 | 北京化工大学 | System for producing calcium carbide |
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