CN106271664B - Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracking process equipment and processing method - Google Patents
Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracking process equipment and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106271664B CN106271664B CN201610902256.0A CN201610902256A CN106271664B CN 106271664 B CN106271664 B CN 106271664B CN 201610902256 A CN201610902256 A CN 201610902256A CN 106271664 B CN106271664 B CN 106271664B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
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Abstract
The present invention provides medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracking process equipment and processing methods, are determined torque assemble mechanism by engine base, Working gantry, shell detent mechanism, cracking mechanism, back pressure mechanism and bolt and are formed.Shell detent mechanism is located at engine base one end, for positioning workpiece to be added;Back pressure mechanism is placed on above workpiece to be added, to implement back pressure;Decomposing machine is set up above engine base, for implementing cracking processing for workpiece;Bolt is determined torque assemble mechanism and is set up in parallel with back pressure mechanism, resets installation for the workpiece after cracking.Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracking process equipment of the present invention can be directly realized by the cracking of bearing block and bearing cap to assembling, exist in relatively existing cracking apparatus using miscellaneous equipment or it is artificial cracked after assembly, reset, upper bolt etc. these restrict the factor of batch production, the equipment has been truly realized the cracking assembly integration of main reducing gear bearing block, to realize that batch production is cleared away the obstacles.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to auto parts and components processing technique fields, and in particular to medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block is split
Solve process equipment and processing method.
Background technology
The main function of medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell is support driving and driven bevel gear, so that it is accurately engaged, and in work
It keeps reliable during work, stablize.And the correct engagement of gear, the processing quality with gear and assembly, bevel housing
Rigidity, the support stiffness of gear is closely related.To ensure the behavior in service and service life of gear, therefore it is required that support gear
Bearing block and the bearing cap high positioning accuracy in assembly.Bevel housing bearing block is by two groups of bearing blocks and bearing cap
Composition.Traditional processing scheme is parts processing, i.e. bearing block (bearing block is integral molding casting with reducer shell)
Distinguish cast form with bearing cap, milling and grinding then carried out to bearing block, bearing cap and the two faying face respectively,
Difference processing bolt hole simultaneously.Tradition machining need more finish machining equipment (especially bearing seat and lid faying face plus
Work needs more finish machining equipment), complex procedures take time and effort, and equipment investment and production cost are big, and high rejection rate.
Even if in addition the joint surface of retarder bearing seat and lid processes very accurate, bearing cap is accurately positioned, and can not also be completely eliminated
Gear runs the axial force brought and radial load and makes the micro-displacement of its generation.
On the basis of above-mentioned traditional bevel housing processing method, and produces a kind of new processing method-and split
Solve processing technology.Bevel housing bearing block cracking processing technology is first to shape in monoblock cast and subtract through semi-finished master
Fast device shell bearing hole center both sides process initial crack slot, then on cracking special equipment to bearing saddle bore apply perpendicular to
The direct stress of crackle slot realizes that bearing cap is detached with the cracking of bevel housing bearing block;The cracking face of recycling is indenting
Feature, the bearing cap after cracking is detached accurately resets with bearing block, and by bolt by the bearing cap and bearing block of reset
Installation is tightened;Finally carry out the follow-up finishing of bevel housing bearing hole.Relative to traditional machining mode, cracking processing
Mode eliminates in traditional processing mode the finishing of most important bearing block and bearing cap faying face and part following process (such as
The roughing of bearing saddle bore), quite a few finish machining equipment is saved, manufacturing procedure is reduced;Crack processing simultaneously is originally
One whole reducer shaft bearing, after cracking subdivision, the split surface of bearing block and bearing cap forms 3-D in convex-shaped surface
State can carry out at a fully engaged assembly, and the axial force and radial load that effective gear, low shift operation is brought are small without will produce
Displacement.
" engine crankcase bearing block splitting working method and the device " that number of patent application is 200410010822.4
Using high-pressure hose hydroforming method, the fracture separation of bearing cap and housing bearing seat is realized.It is preferably split to reach
Solve effect, in the technical scheme used by high-pressure hose by multilayered structures such as rubber, synthetic fibers, and to hose expansion
Rate, dilation dimension also require, and need external hydraulic cylinder to provide the bulbs of pressure, in addition, hydraulic buckling cracking increases equipment
Unstability, such as occur rupture leakage pressure failure, maintenance difficulty will be increased.
The process that existing similar cracking apparatus only completes cracking substantially is completed the assembled reseting procedure after cracking and is needed
It completes in other equipment, or carries out by hand, virtually improve processing cost, be unfavorable for bevel housing processing one
Change.
Invention content
Technical problem present in for the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a kind of medium and heavy car owner's reducer shells
Bearing block cracks process equipment and processing method, realizes the accurate, stable, high of centering heavy goods vehicles bevel housing bearing block
The cracking of effect is processed, and in conjunction with Figure of description, technical scheme is as follows:
Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment, by engine base 22, Working gantry 23, shell localization machine
Structure A, cracking mechanism B, back pressure mechanism C compositions, further include that bolt determines torque assemble mechanism D;
Working gantry 23 is arranged in one end of engine base 22, and shell detent mechanism A is arranged opposite with 23 position of Working gantry
22 one end of engine base answered, cracking mechanism B are arranged along the length direction of engine base 22 in the top of engine base 22, back pressure mechanism C and bolt
Determine torque assemble mechanism D and is disposed in parallel in 23 top of Working gantry;
The shell detent mechanism A is by cracking workbench 2, shell positional cylinder 3, worktable lifting leading screw 1 and positioning
Push screw rod composition;The feed screw nut of worktable lifting leading screw 1 is fixedly connected with cracking workbench 2, and bevel housing 4 is placed in
It cracks on workbench 2,3 Master cylinder body of shell positional cylinder is fixed on cracking workbench 2, the tailpiece of the piston rod of shell positional cylinder 3
Portion passes through location and installation above and below positioning pin with bevel housing 4;Positioning pushes bolt from side, by bevel housing 4
Side boss face is pressed on from inside to outside on the medial surface of cracking workbench 2, realizes left and right positioning;
The cracking mechanism B is slid by hydraulic oil cylinder driving, realization on engine base 22, and by transporting the level of swollen disconnected pull rod
Turn turns to the vertical and straight movement of matched wedge block, and the bearing block of bevel housing 4, which is carried out swollen fracture, to be solved;
The back pressure mechanism C and bolt determine torque assemble mechanism D and are mounted on Working gantry by horizontal linear guide rail 14
On 23 upper beam, horizontal linear guide rail 14 is vertically arranged with cracking the linear guide direction, and back pressure mechanism C determines torque dress with bolt
Fitting mechanism D is slidably connected by the second sliding block and third sliding block and horizontal linear guide rail 14 respectively, and back pressure mechanism C is turned round surely with bolt
It is connected by one piece of rigid plate between square assemble mechanism D, the other side that torque assemble mechanism D is determined in bolt is equipped with and moves horizontally
Oil cylinder 29, under the driving for moving horizontally oil cylinder 29, back pressure mechanism C determines torque assemble mechanism D synchronization-slidings with bolt.
Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment, wherein the cracking mechanism B is by rack 19, drawing
Cut oil cylinder 21, cracking oil cylinder 20, sliding table 16, cracking the linear guide 18, the first sliding block, swollen disconnected push rod 5, swollen disconnected sleeve 7
And wedge-shaped expansion block 8 forms;
The rack 19 is fixed on along the length direction of engine base 22 on engine base 22, and cracking the linear guide 18 is solid along rack 19
Fixed, sliding block workbench 16 is slidably connected with cracking the linear guide 18, and the cylinder body of broaching oil cylinder 21 is fixed on one end of rack 19, draws
The piston rod and sliding table 16 for cutting oil cylinder 21 are connected;
The cylinder body of the cracking oil cylinder 20 is fixed on sliding table 16, cracks the piston rod of oil cylinder 20 and swollen disconnected push rod
5 one end are fixedly connected, and swollen disconnected sleeve 7 is coaxial fixed with cracking oil cylinder 20, and the front end edge of swollen disconnected sleeve 7 is horizontally installed with broaching tool 6,
The upper surface of swollen disconnected push rod 5 is uniformly provided with wedge groove.Hole is provided on swollen disconnected sleeve 7, wedge-shaped expansion block 8 is placed in hole, when swollen break pushes away
Bar 5 axially movable when, wedge-shaped expansion block 8 moves up and down in hole;
Further, the lower section of the sliding table 16 is additionally provided with sliding stand positioning device, the sliding stand positioning dress
It sets the sliding table positional cylinder 17 being vertically arranged by a pair to form, the master cylinder of sliding table positional cylinder 17 is fixed on machine
On frame 19, positioning is provided with in the rack 19 and sliding table 16 of the coaxial corresponding position of sliding table positional cylinder 17
The tailpiece of the piston rod in hole, sliding table positional cylinder 17 loads uplink, real into the location hole of rack 19 and sliding table 16
Now position;
Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment, wherein each component part of the back pressure mechanism C
Vertically it is followed successively by from bottom to top:A pair of of back pressure bolt 9 is mounted on back pressure bolt mounting plate 31 side by side, back pressure bolt peace
Loading board 31 with the piston rod end of back pressure oil cylinder 10 by connecting, two axis of a pair of of back pressure oil cylinder 10 and bevel housing 4
Seating position corresponds to, and the master cylinder of back pressure oil cylinder 10 is mounted on 11 lower surface of back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate, back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11
Upper surface is connect with the piston rod of back pressure lifting cylinder 15, and the master cylinder of back pressure lifting cylinder 15 is fixedly connected on back pressure sliding rack 13
Top, back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 is horizontally arranged at 13 inside of back pressure sliding rack, and 11 both sides of back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate pass through the back of the body
Pressure vertical line guide rail 12 is slidably connected with 13 inside of back pressure sliding rack.
Further, it is also fixedly connected with a pair of of back pressure mounting plate on the master cylinder side of the back pressure oil cylinder 10 and is oriented to and determines
Block 32 is fixedly connected with a pair of of back pressure mounting plate in 31 both sides of back pressure bolt mounting plate being connect with 10 piston rod of back pressure oil cylinder and leads
To motion block 33, back pressure mounting plate guiding determine block 32 and back pressure mounting plate guiding motion block 33 and is slidably installed to connect so that oily in back pressure
Under the push-and-pull action of cylinder 10, back pressure bolt mounting plate 31 drives back pressure bolt 9 to slide up and down;
Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment, wherein the bolt determine torque assemble mechanism D by
Determine torque slip frame 28, moves horizontally oil cylinder 29, spanner mounting bracket 26, vertical line guide rail 27, determines 30 and of torque lifting cylinder
Constant torque wrench 25 forms;
The master cylinder for determining torque lifting cylinder 30 is fixedly connected on and determines on torque slip frame 28, determines the work of torque lifting cylinder 30
Stopper rod is connected with spanner mounting bracket 26, and a pair of of constant torque wrench 25 is mounted on spanner mounting bracket 26 side by side;Vertical line guide rail
27 are fixed on and determine on torque slip frame 28, and sliding spanner mounting bracket 26 is slidably connected with vertical line guide rail 27;Determining torque liter
Under the driving for dropping oil cylinder 30, spanner mounting bracket 26 drives a pair of of constant torque wrench 2 to slide up and down;Below constant torque wrench 25
Bolt placement plate 24 is installed on 23 curb girder of Working gantry;
Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks processing method, is as follows:
A. bevel housing 4 is fixed
Bevel housing 4 to be cracked is placed on the positioning sleeve of 3 tailpiece of the piston rod of shell positional cylinder, shell positioning oil
Cylinder 4 loads work, so that bevel housing 4 is compressed cracking 2 inside upper surface of workbench, while pushing screw rod by positioning and pushing
The boss plane of 4 other side of bevel housing is set to compress 3 side of cracking workbench;
B. back pressure is applied to bevel housing 4
The piston rod downlink of back pressure lifting cylinder 15 reaches lower limit, and back pressure oil cylinder 10 loads, and waits for that back pressure bolt 9 subtracts with master
After the bearing cap contact of fast device shell 4,15 stopping of back pressure lifting cylinder action, back pressure oil cylinder 10 is cracked in main reducing gear bearing block
Back pressure stress state is remained in the process.
C. the bearing block of bevel housing 4 is integrally cracked
Oil cylinder 21 of broaching loads, and sliding table 16 is pushed to move in the horizontal direction, and expansion sleeve 7 drives its front end broaching tool
6 pass through the bearing hole of 4 bearing block of bevel housing, swollen disconnected push rod 5 also to enter bearing hole together with expansion sleeve 7, moving
Broaching tool 6 both sides processing broaching splitter 34, drawing at bearing saddle bore center of swollen 7 front end of disconnected sleeve is inlayed and is fixed in the process
After cutting the arrival left limit of oil cylinder 21, sliding table positional cylinder 17 loads uplink, and sliding table 16 is accurately positioned;
It cracks oil cylinder 20 and loads work, swollen disconnected push rod 5 promotes in the expansion sleeve 7, and swollen disconnected push rod 5 is by axial horizontal movement
It is converted into the vertical and straight movement of matched wedge-shaped expansion block 8, with the propulsion of swollen disconnected push rod 5, wedge-shaped expansion block 8 moves upwards, right
The bearing block of bevel housing 4 integrally applies cracking strength, makes integrally to crack the bearing block of bevel housing 4 and forms bearing
36 two parts of lid 35 and bearing block;
D. cracking is completed to prepare to assemble the bearing block after cracking
Bearing cap 35 is withdrawn with the high pressure oil unloaded in oil cylinder 20, swollen disconnected push rod 5 after 36 fracture separation of bearing block, is cracked
To home position, at the same time bearing cap 35 resets under the lasting back pressure effect of back pressure oil cylinder 10, bearing cap 35 reset and with
After bearing block 36 engages, the unloading of sliding table positional cylinder 17 releases positioning, and sliding table 16 is acted in broaching oil cylinder 21
Lower return initial position, back pressure mechanism C also return to initial position under the action of back pressure lifting cylinder 15;
It moves horizontally oil cylinder 29 and loads work, so that back pressure mechanism C, bolt is determined the D synchronizations of torque assemble mechanism and moved along guide rail,
Back pressure mechanism C removes work station, and bolt determines torque assemble mechanism D and reaches work station;
E. the bearing block after cracking is assembled
Determine 30 downlink of torque lifting cylinder, the bolt determined immediately below torque assembly device in bolt is made to enter spanner set
In cylinder, bolt is sucked in the permanent magnet in wrench socket, determines torque lifting cylinder 30 and goes upward to upper limit position, moves horizontally oil cylinder 29
Work is loaded, bolt is determined torque assemble mechanism D is pushed to bolt right over the shell that has cracked determine torque assembly station, calmly
Torque lifting cylinder 30 will drive the loading unit of bolt screwing machine structure to move downward, and after reaching processing lower limit, bolt is turned round surely
Square assembly system enters bolt and tightens working condition, and constant torque wrench 25 starts load operating, by bolt be screwed into bearing cap 35 with
Mounting hole between bearing block 36, it is integral that the bearing cap 35 being cleaved out and bearing block 36 reinstall return, tightens work
Terminate, determine torque lifting cylinder 30 and rises to drive bolt determine torque assembly device D to move upwards, reach upper limit position, horizontal shifting
29 backhaul of dynamic oil cylinder, so far completes a working cycles.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block of the invention cracking process equipment can be directly realized by bearing block and axis
The cracking of lid is held to assembly, exist in relatively existing cracking apparatus using miscellaneous equipment or it is artificial cracked after it is assembled, multiple
These restrict the factor produced in batches for position, upper bolt etc., which has been truly realized main reducing gear bearing block cracking assembly one
Change, to realize that batch production is cleared away the obstacles.
2, medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block of the invention cracking process equipment can realize bevel housing
It is accurately positioned, is conducive to follow-up precise cleavage processing bearing block.
3, medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block of the invention cracking process equipment realizes bevel housing axis
The cracking assembly of bearing on the positioning device, prevents the existing equipment plane of disruption that mobile shell generates due to cracking following process from falling
Slag phenomenon.
4, medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block of the invention cracking process equipment subtracts suitable for various sizes of master
The cracking of fast device shell.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view that medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block of the present invention cracks process equipment;
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 E-E sectional views;
Fig. 3 is the side structure schematic diagram that medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block of the present invention cracks process equipment;
Fig. 4 is that medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block of the present invention cracks in process equipment, cracks the office of mechanism
Portion's schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block of the present invention cracks in process equipment, the office of back pressure mechanism
Portion's schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 a are the bevel housing bearing block structure schematic diagram that cracking processing is waited in the present invention;
Fig. 6 b are that the bevel housing bearing block in the present invention has cracked structural schematic diagram when resetting;
Fig. 6 c are the structural schematic diagram after the bevel housing bearing block in the present invention resets;
Fig. 7 is partial enlarged view at Fig. 6 a I.
In figure:
A- shell detent mechanisms;B- cracks mechanism;C- back pressure mechanisms;D- bolts determine torque assemble mechanism;
1- worktable lifting leading screws;2- cracks workbench;3- shell positional cylinders;4- bevel housings;
5- is swollen disconnected push rod;6- broaching tools;7- is swollen disconnected sleeve;8- wedge shape expansion blocks;
9- back pressure bolts;10- back pressure oil cylinders;11- back pressure oil cylinder mounting plates;12- back pressure vertical line guide rails;
13- back pressure sliding racks;14- horizontal linear guide rails;15- back pressure lifting cylinders;16- sliding tables;
17- sliding table positional cylinders;18- cracks the linear guide;19- racks;20- cracks oil cylinder;
21- broaching oil cylinders;22- engine bases;23- Working gantries;24- bolt placement plates;
25- constant torque wrenches;26- spanner mounting brackets;27- vertical line guide rails;28- determines torque slip frame;
29- moves horizontally oil cylinder;30- determines torque lifting cylinder;31- back pressure bolt mounting plates;32- back pressure mounting plates are led
To motion block;
33- back pressure mounting plates guiding determines block;34- splitters;35- bearing caps;36- bearing blocks.
Specific implementation mode
Technical solution in order to further illustrate the present invention, in conjunction with Figure of description, specific implementation mode of the invention is such as
Under:
The present invention provides a kind of medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing blocks to crack process equipment, and the equipment is by machinery
System, hydraulic system and control system three parts composition.What the present invention focused on to illustrate is mechanical system part.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, the mechanical system part of the equipment includes engine base 22, Working gantry 23, shell detent mechanism
A, mechanism B, back pressure mechanism C and bolt are cracked and determines torque assemble mechanism D.Wherein engine base 22 is set as the landing of equipment engine base level
It sets;Working gantry 23 is vertically arranged in one end of engine base 22 as suspension-type support member;Shell detent mechanism A is as to be processed
The supporting and positioning device of bevel housing bearing block, is vertically arranged in one end of engine base 22, and with 23 position phase of Working gantry
It is corresponding;Cracking mechanism B is arranged along the length direction of engine base 22 cracks the working end of processing in the top of engine base 22 towards shell
Detent mechanism A;Back pressure mechanism C determines torque assemble mechanism D with bolt and is arranged at 23 top of Working gantry, in the vertical direction
Position face shell detent mechanism A.
As shown in Figure 1, the shell detent mechanism A is vertically installed at one end of engine base 22, by cracking workbench 2, shell
Screw rod composition is pushed in positional cylinder 3, worktable lifting leading screw 1 and positioning.The leading screw screw rod of the worktable lifting leading screw 1 is perpendicular
It directly sets up, one end of which is fixed on engine base 22, the feed screw nut of worktable lifting leading screw 1 is fixedly connected with cracking workbench 2, band
Dynamic cracking about 2 workbench (i.e. along z-axis) smooth motion, to adjust the working depth of cracking workbench 2.Main deceleration to be processed
Device shell bearing block is integrated casting and forming with bevel housing 4, and bevel housing 4 is placed on cracking workbench 2, waits for
The bearing block part of processing is located above the work upper table surface of cracking workbench 2, remaining housing parts is located under work upper table surface
Side.Shell positional cylinder 3 is vertically arranged, and Master cylinder body is fixed on cracking workbench 2, is located at the lower section of bevel housing 4,
And maintain an equal level with the feed screw nut horizontal position of worktable lifting leading screw 1, the piston rod end of shell positional cylinder 3 is equipped with positioning
Pin, piston rod end enter in the shell of bevel housing 4 from below, and by positioning finger setting, by bevel housing 4
It holds up, so that the upper surface of bevel housing 4 is pressed on the inner surface of the upper table surface of cracking workbench 2 from bottom to up, realize
The positioning of upper and lower directions;Meanwhile it positioning and pushing bolt from side, from inside to outside by the side boss face of bevel housing 4
It is pressed on the medial surface of cracking workbench 2, realizes the positioning of left and right directions.Under the action of worktable lifting leading screw 1, cracking
Bevel housing 4 upper and lower displacement of the workbench 2 by drive thereon, and pass through shell positional cylinder 3 and positioning pushing screw rod
Bevel housing 4 is located on cracking workbench 2, it is to be further processed.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the cracking mechanism B includes rack 19, broaching oil cylinder 21, cracking oil cylinder 20, sliding work
Platform 16, cracking the linear guide 18, the first sliding block, swollen disconnected push rod 5, swollen disconnected sleeve 7 and wedge-shaped expansion block 8.Rack 19 is along engine base 22
Length direction be fixed on engine base 22, to support entire cracking mechanism B (i.e. x-axis direction) work in left-right direction;Cracking is straight
Line guide rail 18 is fixed along rack 19, and the first sliding block that sliding block workbench 16 is installed by bottom connects with the cracking sliding of the linear guide 18
It connects, the cylinder body of broaching oil cylinder 21 is fixed on one end of rack 19, and the piston rod of broaching oil cylinder 21 passes through flange and sliding table
16 are connected, and under the drive of broaching oil cylinder 21, sliding table 16 horizontally slips along x-axis.
The cylinder body of cracking oil cylinder 20 is fixed on sliding table 16, and the piston rod of cracking oil cylinder 20 is in swollen disconnected push rod 5
Linearly it is fixedly connected, swollen disconnected sleeve 7 is coaxially fixedly mounted on cracking oil cylinder 20 on sliding table 16 by mounting bracket,
Cracking oil cylinder 20 is located at the rear side of swollen disconnected sleeve 7, and the swollen disconnected push rod 5 for being connected in cracking cylinder piston rod end is sleeved on swollen disconnected set
In cylinder 7.As shown in figure 4, the front end of swollen disconnected sleeve 7 is along broaching tool 6 is horizontally installed with, the upper surface of swollen disconnected push rod 5 is uniformly provided with two
A wedge groove.It is driveed on swollen disconnected sleeve 7 there are two hole, wedge-shaped expansion block 8 is placed in hole, and the angle of wedge of wedge-shaped expansion block 8 is 8 degree, and wedge shape is swollen
8 bottom wedge surface of block and the wedge surface of 5 upper surface wedge groove of swollen disconnected push rod match.When swollen disconnected push rod 5 is along x-axis horizontal movement,
Under the action of wedge surface, wedge-shaped expansion block 8 moves up and down in the hole of swollen disconnected sleeve 7 along z-axis along the wedge groove of swollen disconnected push rod 5.
In order to ensure that sliding table 16 keeps stable state at work, cunning is additionally provided with below sliding table 16
Dynamic platform positioning device.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the sliding stand positioning device is located at below the front end of sliding table 16, by one
The sliding table positional cylinder 17 being vertically arranged is formed, the master cylinder of sliding table positional cylinder 17 is fixed on rack 19
On, it is provided with location hole in the rack 19 and sliding table 16 of the coaxial corresponding position of sliding table positional cylinder 17,
The tailpiece of the piston rod of sliding table positional cylinder 17 loads uplink, and essence is realized into the location hole of rack 19 and sliding table 16
Certainly position.
As shown in Figure 1, back pressure mechanism C and bolt determine torque assemble mechanism D is mounted on work by horizontal linear guide rail 14
On the upper beam for making rack 23, horizontal linear guide rail 14 is vertically arranged (i.e. horizontal linear guide rail 14 with cracking the linear guide direction
It is arranged along y-axis), back pressure mechanism C determines torque assemble mechanism D respectively by the second sliding block and third sliding block and horizontal linear with bolt
Guide rail 14 is slidably connected.Back pressure mechanism C and bolt are determined to connect by one piece of rigid plate between torque assemble mechanism D, realize and synchronize
Sliding.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, back pressure mechanism C includes back pressure sliding rack 13, back pressure lifting cylinder 15, back pressure oil cylinder 10, the back of the body
Compressing cylinder mounting plate 11, back pressure bolt 9 and back pressure bolt mounting plate 31.Each component part of the back pressure mechanism C is at line style
It is vertically arranged along z-axis, is followed successively by from bottom to top:Back pressure bolt 9 is a pair, is mounted on back pressure bolt mounting plate 31 side by side, the back of the body
Pressure bolt mounting plate 31 connect by flange with the piston rod end of back pressure oil cylinder 10, back pressure oil cylinder 10 to be a pair of, respectively with master
Two bearing block positions of reducer shell 4 correspond to.The master cylinder of back pressure oil cylinder 10 is mounted on the following table of back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11
On face, the upper surface of back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 is connect by flange with the piston rod of back pressure lifting cylinder 15, back pressure lifting oil
The master cylinder of cylinder 15 is fixedly connected on 13 top of back pressure sliding rack, and back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 is horizontally arranged in back pressure sliding rack 13
Side, and 11 both sides of back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate are slidably connected by back pressure vertical line guide rail 12 and 13 inside of back pressure sliding rack,
Under the push-and-pull action of back pressure lifting cylinder 15, back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 drives back pressure oil cylinder 10 along back pressure vertical line guide rail 12
The precise motion (along z-axis) up and down.
As shown in figure 5, a pair of of back pressure mounting plate guiding is fixedly connected on the master cylinder side of back pressure oil cylinder 10 determines block 32,
It is dynamic it to be fixedly connected with a pair of of back pressure mounting plate guiding in 31 both sides of back pressure bolt mounting plate being connect with 10 piston rod of back pressure oil cylinder
Block 33, back pressure mounting plate guiding determine block 32 and back pressure mounting plate guiding motion block 33 and are slidably installed to connect so that in back pressure oil cylinder 10
Push-and-pull action under, back pressure bolt mounting plate 31 drives back pressure bolt 9 accurately to be slided up and down along z-axis.
As shown in Figure 1, back pressure mechanism C is led with horizontal linear by the second sliding block being fixedly mounted on back pressure sliding rack 13
Rail 14 is slidably connected, and realizes that entire back pressure mechanism C does y-axis direction along horizontal linear guide rail 14 and moves.
As shown in figure 3, the back pressure sliding rack 13 of back pressure mechanism C and bolt determine torque assemble mechanism D determine torque slip frame
One piece of rigid plate is connected between 28, is fixedly connected in the other side for determining torque slip frame 28 and moves horizontally oil cylinder 29, and level is moved
The dynamic support of oil cylinder 29 is on the curb girder of Working gantry 23.Bolt determines torque assemble mechanism D by determining on torque slip frame 28
The third sliding block being fixedly connected is slidably connected with horizontal linear guide rail 14.To realize under the driving for moving horizontally oil cylinder 29, the back of the body
Pressure sliding rack 13 drives back pressure mechanism C to determine torque assemble mechanism D with bolt with torque slip frame 28 is determined, along horizontal linear guide rail 14
Synchronization-sliding.
As shown in figure 3, it includes determining torque slip frame 28, moving horizontally oil cylinder 29, spanner peace that bolt, which determines torque assemble mechanism D,
It shelves 26, vertical line guide rail 27, determine torque lifting cylinder 30 and constant torque wrench 25.The master cylinder for determining torque lifting cylinder 30 is solid
Surely it is connected to and determines on torque slip frame 28, the piston rod and spanner mounting bracket 26 for determining torque lifting cylinder 30 are connected, a pair of fixed torsion
Square spanner 25 is mounted on spanner mounting bracket 26 side by side.Vertical line guide rail 27, which is fixed on, to be determined on torque slip frame 28, and sliding is pulled
Hand mounting bracket 26 is slidably connected by sliding block and vertical line guide rail 27.Under the driving for determining torque lifting cylinder 30, spanner peace
26 drive a pair of constant torque wrenches 25 are shelved to slide up and down along z-axis.On 23 curb girder of Working gantry below constant torque wrench 25
It is horizontally mounted the bolt placement plate 24 for being useful for containing bolt.
The present invention also provides medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing blocks to crack processing method, specific as follows:
A. bevel housing 4 is fixed
It will be positioned over 3 tailpiece of the piston rod of shell positional cylinder by hand by semi-finished bevel housing 4 to be cracked
Positioning sleeve on, the bearing block of bevel housing 4 upward, shell positional cylinder 4 load work, make bevel housing 4 press
Tight cracking 2 inside upper surface of workbench, while pushing screw rod by positioning and push keeps the boss of 4 other side of bevel housing flat
Face pressure tightly cracks 3 side of workbench.
B. back pressure is applied to bevel housing 4
The piston rod downlink of back pressure lifting cylinder 15 makes back pressure mechanism C reach lower limit, and then back pressure oil cylinder 10 starts to add
It carries, after back pressure bolt 9 is contacted with the bearing cap of bevel housing 4,15 stopping of back pressure lifting cylinder action, back pressure oil cylinder 10
Back pressure stress state is remained in main reducing gear bearing block cracking process.
C. the bearing block of bevel housing 4 is integrally cracked
Oil cylinder 21 of broaching loads, and pushes sliding table 16 along x-axis left lateral, as shown in Figure 1.Before expansion sleeve 7 drives it
Hold broaching tool 6 that the bearing hole of 4 bearing block of bevel housing, swollen disconnected push rod 5 is passed through also to enter bearing hole together with expansion sleeve 7,
The processing broaching cracking in both sides at bearing saddle bore center of broaching tool 6 of swollen 7 front end of disconnected sleeve is inlayed and is fixed on during the motion
Slot 34, as shown in Fig. 6 a and Fig. 7.After oil cylinder 21 of broaching reaches left limit, sliding table positional cylinder 17 loads uplink, will slide
Dynamic workbench 16 is accurately positioned.Unceasingly, cracking oil cylinder 20 loads work, and swollen disconnected push rod 5 quickly propels along expansion sleeve 7,
Swollen disconnected push rod 5 is by the vertical movement that own level conversion of motion is matched wedge-shaped expansion block 8, with pushing away for swollen disconnected push rod 5
Into wedge-shaped expansion block 8 moves upwards, and integrally applies cracking strength to the bearing block of bevel housing 4, makes to bevel housing 4
Bearing block integrally crack and form 36 two parts of bearing cap 35 and bearing block, as shown in Figure 6 b.
D. cracking is completed to prepare to assemble the bearing block after cracking
Bearing cap 35 is withdrawn with the high pressure oil unloaded in oil cylinder 20, swollen disconnected push rod 5 after 36 fracture separation of bearing block, is cracked
To home position.At the same time bearing cap 35 resets under the lasting back pressure effect of back pressure oil cylinder 10, and with bearing block 36 disconnected
It is accurately engaged at broken face.After bearing cap 35 is resetted and engaged with bearing block 36, it is fixed that the unloading of sliding table positional cylinder 17 releases
Position, sliding table 16 return to initial position, effects of the back pressure mechanism C in back pressure lifting cylinder 15 in the case where broaching oil cylinder 21 acts on
Under also return to initial position.At the end of cracking process, back pressure remains unchanged, and cracking oil cylinder 20 unloads, and ensures in cracking load
Bearing seat, the lid cracked after withdrawing from can accurately mesh together;The rising of 10 piston rod of back pressure oil cylinder removes back pressure, back pressure liter
It drops and exercises back pressure mechanism C arrival upper limits on 15 piston rod of oil cylinder, move horizontally oil cylinder 29 and load work, make back pressure mechanism C, spiral shell
The D synchronizations of anchoring torque assemble mechanism are moved along guide rail, and back pressure mechanism C removes work station, and bolt is determined torque assemble mechanism D and reached
Work station.
E. the bearing block after cracking is assembled
When bolt determines position shown in Fig. 2 at torque assemble mechanism D and is in upper limit, equipped with bolt and it can be allowed to accurate
The bolt placement plate 24 of positioning is in bolt and determines immediately below torque assembly device, determines 30 downlink of torque lifting cylinder, wrench socket
It touches bolt and micro- rotation adjusts, so that bolt is entered in wrench socket, bolt is sucked in the permanent magnet in wrench socket.So
Afterwards, determine torque lifting cylinder 30 and go upward to upper limit position, move horizontally oil cylinder 29 and load work, bolt is determined into torque assemble mechanism
D is pushed to bolt right over the shell cracked and determines torque assembly station, and determining torque lifting cylinder 30 will drive bolt to tighten
The loading unit of mechanism moves downward, and after reaching processing lower limit, bolt determines torque assembly system and tightens work automatically into bolt
Make state.Constant torque wrench 25 starts load operating, and controller automatically switches according to the detection signal of torque sensor at this time
The speed of mainshaft, working cycles are tightened in completion, and after the torque of bolt reaches setting value, tightening axle load stops;At this point, being cleaved
It is integral that the bearing cap 35 opened and bearing block 36 reinstall return, as fig. 6 c.It tightens work to terminate, determines torque lifting oil
The rising of cylinder 30 drives bolt to determine torque assembly device and moves upwards, and reaches upper limit position, moves horizontally 29 backhaul of oil cylinder, so far complete
At a working cycles.
Claims (7)
1. medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment, positioned by engine base (22), Working gantry (23), shell
Mechanism (A), cracking mechanism (B), back pressure mechanism (C) composition, it is characterised in that:
Further include that bolt determines torque assemble mechanism (D);
Working gantry (23) setting in one end of engine base (22), shell detent mechanism (A) setting with Working gantry (23) position
Corresponding engine base (22) one end, cracking mechanism (B) are arranged along the length direction of engine base (22) in the top of engine base (22), back pressure
Mechanism (C) determines torque assemble mechanism (D) with bolt and is disposed in parallel in above Working gantry (23);
The shell detent mechanism (A) by cracking workbench (2), shell positional cylinder (3), worktable lifting leading screw (1) and
Screw rod composition is pushed in positioning;The feed screw nut of worktable lifting leading screw (1) is fixedly connected with cracking workbench (2), main reducing gear
Shell (4) is placed on cracking workbench (2), and shell positional cylinder (3) Master cylinder body is fixed on cracking workbench (2), and shell is fixed
The piston rod end of position oil cylinder (3) passes through location and installation above and below positioning pin with bevel housing (4);Positioning pushes bolt from side
The side boss face of bevel housing (4) is pressed on the medial surface of cracking workbench (2), realizes by face from inside to outside
Left and right positioning;
The cracking mechanism (B) is slid by hydraulic oil cylinder driving, realization on engine base (22), and by transporting the level of swollen disconnected pull rod
Turn turns to the vertical and straight movement of matched wedge block, and the bearing block of bevel housing (4), which is carried out swollen fracture, to be solved;
The back pressure mechanism (C) and bolt determine torque assemble mechanism (D) and are mounted on workbench by horizontal linear guide rail (14)
On the upper beam of frame (23), horizontal linear guide rail (14) is vertically arranged with cracking the linear guide direction, back pressure mechanism (C) and bolt
Determine torque assemble mechanism (D) to be slidably connected by the second sliding block and third sliding block and horizontal linear guide rail (14) respectively, back pressure machine
Structure (C) is connect between determining torque assemble mechanism (D) with bolt by one piece of rigid plate, determines torque assemble mechanism (D) in bolt
The other side, which is equipped with, moves horizontally oil cylinder (29), and under the driving for moving horizontally oil cylinder (29), back pressure mechanism (C) is turned round surely with bolt
Square assemble mechanism (D) synchronization-sliding.
2. medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The cracking mechanism B is by rack (19), broaching oil cylinder (21), cracking oil cylinder (20), sliding table (16), cracking straight line
Guide rail (18), the first sliding block, swollen disconnected push rod (5), swollen disconnected sleeve (7) and wedge-shaped expansion block (8) form;
The rack (19) is fixed on along the length direction of engine base (22) on engine base (22), and cracking the linear guide (18) is along rack
(19) fixed, sliding block workbench (16) is slidably connected with cracking the linear guide (18), and the cylinder body of broaching oil cylinder (21) is fixed on machine
One end of frame (19), piston rod and the sliding table (16) of broaching oil cylinder (21) are connected;
The cylinder body of the cracking oil cylinder (20) is fixed on sliding table (16), and the piston rod of cracking oil cylinder (20) is pushed away with swollen break
Bar (5) one end is fixedly connected, and swollen disconnected sleeve (7) is coaxial fixed with cracking oil cylinder (20), and the front end of swollen disconnected sleeve (7) is pacified along level
Equipped with broaching tool (6), the upper surface of swollen disconnected push rod (5) is uniformly provided with wedge groove;Hole, wedge-shaped expansion block (8) are provided on swollen disconnected sleeve (7)
Be placed in hole, when swollen disconnected push rod (5) axially movable when, wedge-shaped expansion block (8) moves up and down in hole.
3. medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Sliding stand positioning device is additionally provided with below the sliding table (16), the sliding stand positioning device is by a pair of vertical
The sliding table positional cylinder (17) of setting forms, and the master cylinder of sliding table positional cylinder (17) is fixed on rack (19)
On, it is fixed with being provided in the rack (19) and sliding table (16) of the coaxial corresponding position of sliding table positional cylinder (17)
The tailpiece of the piston rod in position hole, sliding table positional cylinder (17) loads uplink, into rack (19) and sliding table (16)
Location hole realizes positioning.
4. medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Each component part of the back pressure mechanism (C) is vertically followed successively by from bottom to top:A pair of of back pressure bolt (9) is pacified side by side
On back pressure bolt mounting plate (31), back pressure bolt mounting plate (31) with the piston rod end of back pressure oil cylinder (10) by connecting
It connects, a pair of of back pressure oil cylinder (10) is corresponding with two bearing block positions of bevel housing (4), the master cylinder peace of back pressure oil cylinder (10)
Mounted in back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate (11) lower surface, the work of the upper surface and back pressure lifting cylinder (15) of back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate (11)
Stopper rod connects, and the master cylinder of back pressure lifting cylinder (15) is fixedly connected at the top of back pressure sliding rack (13), back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate
(11) it is horizontally arranged on the inside of back pressure sliding rack (13), and back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate (11) both sides pass through back pressure vertical line guide rail
(12) it is slidably connected with back pressure sliding rack (13) inside.
5. medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Also be fixedly connected with a pair of of back pressure mounting plate guiding on the master cylinder side of the back pressure oil cylinder (10) and determine block (32), with
It is dynamic that back pressure bolt mounting plate (31) both sides of back pressure oil cylinder (10) piston rod connection are fixedly connected with a pair of of back pressure mounting plate guiding
Block (33), back pressure mounting plate guiding determine block (32) and back pressure mounting plate guiding motion block (33) and are slidably installed to connect so that in back pressure
Under the push-and-pull action of oil cylinder (10), back pressure bolt mounting plate (31) drives back pressure bolt (9) to slide up and down.
6. medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks process equipment as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The bolt determines torque assemble mechanism (D) by determining torque slip frame (28), moving horizontally oil cylinder (29), spanner mounting bracket
(26), vertical line guide rail (27), determine torque lifting cylinder (30) and constant torque wrench (25) composition;
The master cylinder for determining torque lifting cylinder (30) is fixedly connected on and determines on torque slip frame (28), determines torque lifting cylinder (30)
Piston rod is connected with spanner mounting bracket (26), and a pair of of constant torque wrench (25) is mounted on spanner mounting bracket (26) side by side;Vertically
The linear guide (27), which is fixed on, determines on torque slip frame (28), and sliding spanner mounting bracket (26) is slided with vertical line guide rail (27)
Connection;Under the driving for determining torque lifting cylinder (30), spanner mounting bracket (26) drives and glides on a pair of of constant torque wrench (2)
It is dynamic;Bolt placement plate (24) is installed on Working gantry (23) curb girder below constant torque wrench (25).
7. medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracks processing method, it is characterised in that:
It is as follows:
A. bevel housing (4) is fixed;
Bevel housing (4) to be cracked is placed on the positioning sleeve of shell positional cylinder (3) tailpiece of the piston rod, shell positioning oil
Cylinder (4) loads work, so that bevel housing (4) is compressed cracking workbench (2) inside upper surface, while pushing spiral shell by positioning
Bar, which is pushed, makes the boss plane of bevel housing (4) other side compress cracking workbench (3) side;
B. back pressure is applied to bevel housing (4);
The piston rod downlink of back pressure lifting cylinder (15) reaches lower limit, and back pressure oil cylinder (10) load waits for back pressure bolt (9) and master
After the bearing cap contact of reducer shell (4), back pressure lifting cylinder (15) stopping action, back pressure oil cylinder (10) is in main reducing gear axis
Back pressure stress state is remained in bearing cracking process;
C. the bearing block of bevel housing (4) is integrally cracked;
Oil cylinder (21) of broaching loads, and sliding table (16) is pushed to move in the horizontal direction, and expansion sleeve (7) drives its front end to draw
Knife (6) passes through the bearing hole of bevel housing (4) bearing block, and also same expansion sleeve (7) enters bearing to swollen disconnected push rod (5) together
Broaching tool (6) processing drawing in both sides at bearing saddle bore center of swollen disconnected sleeve (7) front end is inlayed and is fixed in hole during the motion
Splitter (34) is cut, after broaching oil cylinder (21) reaches left limit, sliding table positional cylinder (17) loads uplink, will slide work
Make platform (16) to be accurately positioned;
It cracks oil cylinder (20) and loads work, swollen disconnected push rod (5) promotes in expansion sleeve (7), and swollen disconnected push rod (5) will be axial horizontal
Conversion of motion is the vertical and straight movement of matched wedge-shaped expansion block (8), with the propulsion of swollen disconnected push rod (5), wedge-shaped expansion block (8) to
Upper movement integrally applies cracking strength to the bearing block of bevel housing (4), keeps the bearing block to bevel housing (4) whole
Body cracks to form bearing cap (35) and bearing block (36) two parts;
D. cracking is completed to prepare to assemble the bearing block after cracking;
Bearing cap (35) cracks the high pressure oil unloaded in oil cylinder (20), swollen disconnected push rod (5) with after bearing block (36) fracture separation
It is recovered to home position, at the same time bearing cap (35) resets under the lasting back pressure effect of back pressure oil cylinder (10), bearing cap
(35) after resetting and being engaged with bearing block (36), sliding table positional cylinder (17) unloading releases positioning, sliding table
(16) initial position is returned in the case where broaching oil cylinder (21) acts on, back pressure mechanism C is also returned under the action of back pressure lifting cylinder (15)
Return initial position;
Oil cylinder (29) load work is moved horizontally, so that back pressure mechanism (C), bolt is determined, torque assemble mechanism (D) is synchronous to be moved along guide rail
Dynamic, back pressure mechanism (C) removes work station, and bolt determines torque assemble mechanism (D) and reaches work station;
E. the bearing block after cracking is assembled;
Determine torque lifting cylinder (30) downlink, the bolt determined immediately below torque assembly device in bolt is made to enter wrench socket
Interior, bolt is sucked in the permanent magnet in wrench socket, determines torque lifting cylinder (30) and goes upward to upper limit position, moves horizontally oil cylinder
(29) work is loaded, bolt is determined torque assemble mechanism D is pushed to bolt right over the shell that has cracked to determine torque assembler
Position, determining torque lifting cylinder (30) will drive the loading unit of bolt screwing machine structure to move downward, after reaching processing lower limit, spiral shell
Anchoring torque assembly system enters bolt and tightens working condition, and constant torque wrench (25) starts load operating, bolt is screwed into axis
The mounting hole between lid (35) and bearing block (36) is held, the bearing cap being cleaved out (35) reinstalls return with bearing block (36)
Integrally, work is tightened to terminate, determine torque lifting cylinder (30) rise drive bolt determine torque assemble device (D) move upwards,
Upper limit position is reached, oil cylinder (29) backhaul is moved horizontally, so far completes a working cycles.
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CN108000122B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-03-22 | 吉林大学 | Crankcase bearing block cracks processing unit (plant) |
CN108058003B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-25 | 吉林大学 | A kind of swollen disconnected equipment of reducer shell bearing block and its swollen disconnected method |
CN113649776B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-05-24 | 青岛青特众力车桥有限公司 | Impact cracking process and equipment |
CN113458514B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-04-12 | 青岛青特众力车桥有限公司 | Hydrogen embrittlement device and method for bearing seat of middle-rear axle speed reducer |
CN114274077B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2024-08-06 | 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 | Assembling device for assembling speed reducer |
CN116748878B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2024-03-15 | 杭州铭达五金有限公司 | Bearing frame shaping machine tool |
CN117961005B (en) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-07-12 | 吉林大学 | Machining method of cracking groove for expanding and breaking of bearing seat of speed reducer shell |
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CN2511428Y (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2002-09-18 | 吉林大学 | Apparatus for machining engine link |
CN100343012C (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2007-10-17 | 吉林大学 | Engine crankcase bearing block splitting working method and apparatus |
CN100467188C (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2009-03-11 | 吉林大学 | Laser machining apparatus for main-bearing cracker of engine cylinder |
US20080301924A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Jeff Jarrett | Combined tamping tool and packing follower |
CN102085578B (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2013-12-25 | 广东工业大学 | Breakage processing lathe |
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