CN106271664A - Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracking process equipment and processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracking process equipment and processing method, determined moment of torsion assemble mechanism formed by support, Working gantry, housing detent mechanism, cracking mechanism, back pressure mechanism and bolt.Housing detent mechanism is positioned at support one end, is used for positioning workpiece to be added；Back pressure mechanism is placed on above workpiece to be added, to implement back pressure；Decomposing machine is set up above support, for implementing cracking processing to for workpiece；Bolt is determined moment of torsion assemble mechanism and is set up in parallel with back pressure mechanism, installs for being resetted by the workpiece after cracking.Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracking process equipment of the present invention can be directly realized by the cracking of bearing block and bearing cap to assembling, the most existing cracking apparatus exists the factor of these restriction batch productions such as the assembly after utilizing miscellaneous equipment or manually cracking, reset, upper bolt, this equipment has been truly realized the cracking assembling integration of main reducing gear bearing block, clears away the obstacles for realizing batch production.

Description

Cracking processing equipment and processing method for bearing seat of main reducer housing of medium and heavy vehicles

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of auto parts processing, and in particular relates to cracking processing equipment and a processing method for a housing bearing seat of a main reducer of a medium-heavy vehicle.

Background technique

The main function of the main reducer housing of medium and heavy vehicles is to support the driving and driven bevel gears so that they mesh accurately and keep them reliable and stable during the working process. The correct meshing of the gears is closely related to the processing quality and assembly of the gears, the rigidity of the main reducer housing, and the support rigidity of the gears. In order to ensure the running performance and service life of the gear, it is required that the bearing seat and the bearing cover supporting the gear have extremely high positioning accuracy during assembly. The bearing seat of the main reducer housing is composed of two sets of bearing seats and bearing caps. The traditional processing scheme is separate processing, that is, the bearing seat (the bearing seat and the reducer housing are integrally formed castings) and the bearing cover are cast separately, and then the bearing seat, bearing cover and the joint surface of the two are milled and machined separately. Grinding process, while machining the bolt holes separately. Traditional machining requires more finishing equipment (especially the processing of the bearing seat body and cover surface requires more finishing equipment), the process is complex, time-consuming and labor-intensive, equipment investment and production costs are large, and the scrap rate is high. In addition, even if the joint surface of the reducer bearing body and the cover is processed accurately, and the bearing cover is positioned accurately, it is impossible to completely eliminate the small displacement caused by the axial force and radial force caused by the gear operation.

On the basis of the above-mentioned traditional main reducer shell processing method, a new processing method-cracking processing technology has been produced. The cracking processing technology of the main reducer housing bearing seat is to process the initial crack grooves on both sides of the center of the bearing hole of the main reducer housing which is integrally cast and semi-finishing, and then apply a vertical force to the bearing seat hole on the cracking special equipment. The normal stress of the crack groove realizes the cracking and separation of the bearing cap and the bearing seat of the main reducer housing; then, using the canine-toothed feature of the cracking surface, the cracked and separated bearing cap and bearing seat are accurately reset, and the reset bearing cap is replaced by bolts. Install and tighten with the bearing seat; finally carry out the follow-up finishing of the bearing hole of the main reducer housing. Compared with the traditional machining method, the cracking machining method saves the most important finishing machining of the joint surface of the bearing seat and the bearing cover and some subsequent machining (such as the rough machining of the bearing seat hole) in the traditional machining method, saving a considerable part of the finishing machining At the same time, the cracking process was originally an integral reducer bearing seat. After the splitting and disassembly, the subdivision surface of the bearing seat and the bearing cover forms a three-dimensional concave-convex surface shape, which can be assembled with complete meshing and effectively resists the gear. The axial force and radial force brought by the operation will not produce a small displacement.

Patent application number 200410010822.4 "engine crankcase bearing seat cracking processing method and device" adopts high-pressure bulging method in high-pressure hose to realize fracture separation of bearing cover and box bearing seat. In order to achieve the ideal cracking effect, the high-pressure hose used in this technical solution is made of rubber, synthetic fiber and other multi-layer structures, and there are also requirements for the expansion rate and expansion size of the hose, and an external hydraulic cylinder is required to provide expansion pressure , In addition, hydraulic expansion cracking increases the instability of the equipment, such as failure of rupture and pressure leakage, it will increase the difficulty of maintenance.

The existing similar cracking equipment basically only completes the cracking process. After the cracking, the assembly and reset process needs to be completed on other equipment or manually, which virtually increases the processing cost and is not conducive to the integration of the final drive housing processing.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a cracking processing equipment and processing method for the housing bearing seat of the main reducer of a medium-heavy vehicle, which realizes the accurate, stable, Efficient cracking processing, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the description, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

The cracking and processing equipment for the housing bearing seat of the main reducer of medium and heavy vehicles is composed of a machine base 22, a workbench 23, a housing positioning mechanism A, a cracking mechanism B, a back pressure mechanism C, and a bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D;

The workbench 23 is arranged on one end of the machine base 22, the shell positioning mechanism A is arranged on one end of the machine base 22 corresponding to the position of the workbench 23, and the cracking mechanism B is arranged on the top of the machine base 22 along the length direction of the machine base 22 , the back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D are arranged side by side above the workbench 23;

The housing positioning mechanism A is composed of a cracking workbench 2, a housing positioning cylinder 3, a workbench lifting screw 1 and a positioning pushing screw; the screw nut of the workbench lifting screw 1 is fixedly connected with the cracking workbench 2, The main reducer housing 4 is placed on the cracking workbench 2, the housing positioning oil cylinder 3 main cylinder body is fixed on the cracking workbench 2, the piston rod end of the housing positioning oil cylinder 3 and the main reducer housing 4 pass through the positioning pin Up and down positioning installation; the positioning pushes the bolt from the side, and presses the boss surface of one side of the main reducer housing 4 on the inner side of the cracking workbench 2 from the inside to the outside to realize left and right positioning;

The cracking mechanism B is driven by an oil cylinder to slide on the machine base 22, and converts the horizontal movement of the broken tie rod into the vertical movement of the wedge-shaped slide block matched with it, so that the bearing seat of the final reducer housing 4 Carry out dilatation and cracking;

The back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D are all installed on the upper beam of the workbench 23 through the horizontal linear guide rail 14. The assembly mechanism D is slidingly connected to the horizontal linear guide rail 14 through the second slider and the third slider respectively, and the back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D are connected through a rigid plate. One side is equipped with a horizontally moving oil cylinder 29, driven by the horizontally moving oil cylinder 29, the back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D slide synchronously.

Medium and heavy-duty vehicle main reducer shell bearing housing cracking processing equipment, wherein, the cracking mechanism B consists of a frame 19, a broaching cylinder 21, a cracking cylinder 20, a sliding table 16, a cracking linear guide 18, a first slider, an expanding Composed of breaking push rod 5, breaking sleeve 7 and wedge-shaped expanding block 8;

Described frame 19 is fixed on the support 22 along the length direction of support 22, and cracking linear guide rail 18 is fixed along frame 19, and slider table 16 is slidingly connected with cracking linear guide rail 18, and the oil body of broaching cylinder 21 is fixed. At one end of the frame 19, the piston rod of the broaching oil cylinder 21 is fixedly connected with the sliding table 16;

The cylinder body of the cracking oil cylinder 20 is fixed on the sliding workbench 16, the piston rod of the cracking oil cylinder 20 is fixedly connected with one end of the expansion push rod 5, the expansion sleeve 7 is coaxially fixed with the cracking oil cylinder 20, and the expansion sleeve 7 The front end of the broach is horizontally equipped with a broach 6, and the upper surface of the expansion push rod 5 is uniformly provided with a wedge-shaped groove. The expansion sleeve 7 has a hole, and the wedge-shaped expansion block 8 is placed in the hole. When the expansion push rod 5 moves in the axial direction, the wedge-shaped expansion block 8 moves up and down in the hole;

Further, a sliding table positioning device is also provided under the sliding table 16, and the sliding table positioning device is composed of a pair of vertically arranged sliding table positioning oil cylinders 17, and the main cylinder of the sliding table positioning oil cylinder 17 is fixed. On the frame 19, the frame 19 corresponding to the coaxial position of the sliding workbench positioning oil cylinder 17 and the sliding workbench 16 all have positioning holes, and the piston rod end of the sliding workbench positioning oil cylinder 17 is loaded upward and enters the frame 19 realizes positioning with the positioning hole of sliding workbench 16;

The cracking and processing equipment for the bearing seat of the main reducer housing of a medium-heavy vehicle, wherein, the components of the back pressure mechanism C are in the following order from bottom to top in the vertical direction: a pair of back pressure bolts 9 are installed in parallel on the back pressure bolt mounting plate 31, the back pressure bolt mounting plate 31 is connected to the end of the piston rod of the back pressure cylinder 10, a pair of back pressure cylinders 10 correspond to the positions of the two bearing seats of the main reducer housing 4, and the master cylinder of the back pressure cylinder 10 Installed on the lower surface of the back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11, the upper surface of the back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 is connected with the piston rod of the back pressure lifting oil cylinder 15, and the master cylinder of the back pressure lifting oil cylinder 15 is fixedly connected to the top of the back pressure sliding frame 13. The pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 is horizontally installed on the inner side of the back pressure sliding frame 13, and both sides of the back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 are slidingly connected to the inner side of the back pressure sliding frame 13 through the back pressure vertical linear guide rail 12.

Further, a pair of back pressure mounting plate guide blocks 32 are fixedly connected to the main cylinder side of the back pressure oil cylinder 10, and a pair of back pressure bolt mounting plates 31 connected to the piston rod of the back pressure oil cylinder 10 are fixedly connected with a For the back pressure mounting plate guide moving block 33, the back pressure mounting plate guide fixed block 32 is slidably installed and connected with the back pressure mounting plate guide moving block 33, so that under the pushing and pulling action of the back pressure oil cylinder 10, the back pressure bolt mounting plate 31 drives the back pressure Press bolt 9 to slide up and down;

Medium and heavy-duty vehicle main reducer shell bearing seat cracking processing equipment, wherein the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D is composed of a constant torque sliding frame 28, a horizontal moving cylinder 29, a wrench mounting frame 26, a vertical linear guide rail 27, and a constant torque lifting cylinder 30 Composed of a fixed torque wrench 25;

The master cylinder of the constant torque lifting oil cylinder 30 is fixedly connected on the constant torque sliding frame 28, the piston rod of the constant torque lifting oil cylinder 30 is fixedly connected with the wrench mounting frame 26, and a pair of constant torque wrenches 25 are installed side by side on the wrench mounting frame 26; The linear guide rail 27 is fixed on the constant torque sliding frame 28, and the sliding wrench mounting frame 26 is slidably connected with the vertical linear guide rail 27; driven by the constant torque lifting cylinder 30, the wrench mounting frame 26 drives a pair of constant torque wrenches 2 to slide up and down; A bolt placement plate 24 is installed on the workbench 23 side beams below the fixed torque wrench 25;

The method for cracking and processing the bearing seat of the main reducer housing of medium and heavy vehicles, the specific steps are as follows:

a. Fix the main reducer housing 4

Put the main reducer housing 4 to be cracked on the positioning sleeve of the piston rod end of the housing positioning cylinder 3, and the housing positioning cylinder 4 is loaded to work, so that the main reducer housing 4 is pressed against the inner upper surface of the cracking workbench 2, and at the same time The boss plane on the other side of the main reducer housing 4 is pressed against the side of the cracking table 3 by positioning and pushing the screw rod;

b. Apply back pressure to the final drive housing 4

The piston rod of the back pressure lifting cylinder 15 descends to the lower limit, and the back pressure cylinder 10 is loaded. After the back pressure bolt 9 contacts the bearing cover of the main reducer housing 4, the back pressure lifting cylinder 15 stops, and the back pressure cylinder 10 is During the cracking process of the main reducer bearing seat, the back pressure loading state is always maintained.

c. Crack the overall bearing seat of the main reducer housing 4

The broaching oil cylinder 21 is loaded, pushing the sliding table 16 to move in the horizontal direction, the expansion sleeve 7 drives its front end broach 6 to pass through the bearing hole of the bearing seat of the main reducer housing 4, and the expansion push rod 5 is also the same as the expansion sleeve. 7 enter the bearing hole together, and the broach 6 embedded and fixed on the front end of the expansion sleeve 7 during the movement processes the broaching and cracking grooves 34 on both sides of the center of the bearing seat hole. After the broaching oil cylinder 21 reaches the left limit, it slides The workbench positioning cylinder 17 is loaded upward to accurately position the sliding workbench 16;

The cracking oil cylinder 20 is loaded and works, and the expansion push rod 5 advances along the expansion sleeve 7, and the expansion push rod 5 converts the axial horizontal movement into the vertical movement of the wedge-shaped expansion block 8 matched with it. 5, the wedge-shaped expansion block 8 moves upwards, and applies cracking force to the bearing seat of the main reducer housing 4 as a whole, so that the bearing seat of the main reducer housing 4 is cracked as a whole to form two parts: the bearing cap 35 and the bearing seat 36;

d. Complete the cracking preparation and assemble the cracked bearing seat

After the bearing cap 35 and the bearing seat 36 are fractured and separated, the high-pressure oil in the cracking oil cylinder 20 is unloaded, and the expansion push rod 5 is retracted to the original position. At the same time, the bearing cap 35 is reset under the continuous back pressure of the back pressure oil cylinder 10. After the bearing cover 35 is reset and meshed with the bearing seat 36, the sliding table positioning cylinder 17 is unloaded to release the positioning, the sliding table 16 returns to the initial position under the action of the broaching oil cylinder 21, and the back pressure mechanism C is under the action of the back pressure lifting oil cylinder 15 Also return to the initial position;

Horizontally move the oil cylinder 29 to load and work, so that the back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D move along the guide rail synchronously, the back pressure mechanism C moves out of the working station, and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D arrives at the working station;

e. Assemble the cracked bearing seat

The fixed torque lifting cylinder 30 goes down, so that the bolt directly below the bolt constant torque assembly device enters into the wrench socket, the permanent magnet in the wrench socket absorbs the bolt, and the constant torque lifting cylinder 30 goes up to the upper limit position, and the cylinder 29 is moved horizontally For loading work, push the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D to the bolt constant torque assembly station directly above the cracked shell, and the constant torque lifting cylinder 30 will drive the loading unit of the bolt tightening mechanism to move downward. After reaching the lower processing limit, the bolt The constant torque assembly system enters the working state of bolt tightening, the constant torque wrench 25 starts to load and run, screw the bolts into the mounting holes between the bearing cap 35 and the bearing seat 36, and the cracked bearing cap 35 and the bearing seat 36 are reinstalled back to their positions When the tightening work is finished, the fixed torque lifting cylinder 30 moves up to drive the bolt constant torque assembly device D to move upwards to reach the upper limit position, and the cylinder 29 is moved horizontally to return, thus completing a working cycle.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. The cracking processing equipment for the housing bearing seat of the main reducer of medium and heavy vehicles of the present invention can directly realize the cracking and assembly of the bearing seat and the bearing cover, compared with the existing cracking equipment that uses other equipment or manual cracking to assemble, reset, Bolts and other factors that restrict mass production, this equipment truly achieves the integration of cracking and assembly of the bearing seat of the main reducer, clearing the way for mass production.

2. The cracking and processing equipment for the bearing seat of the main reducer housing of medium and heavy vehicles of the present invention can realize the precise positioning of the main reducer housing, which is beneficial to the subsequent accurate cracking and processing of the bearing seat.

3. The cracking processing equipment for the main reducer housing bearing seat of the medium and heavy-duty vehicles of the present invention realizes the cracking assembly of the main reducer housing bearing seat on the positioning device, and prevents the fracture surface generated by the moving shell of the existing equipment due to subsequent processing of cracking Slagging phenomenon.

4. The cracking and processing equipment for the bearing seat of the main reducer housing of medium and heavy vehicles of the present invention is applicable to the cracking of the main reducer housings of different sizes.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the cracking processing equipment for the bearing seat of the main reducer housing of the medium and heavy vehicle according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a sectional view of Figure 1E-E;

Fig. 3 is a side structural schematic diagram of the cracking processing equipment for the housing bearing seat of the medium-heavy vehicle main reducer according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a partial schematic diagram of the cracking mechanism in the cracking processing equipment for the bearing seat of the main reducer housing of the medium-heavy vehicle according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a partial schematic diagram of the back pressure mechanism in the cracking processing equipment for the bearing seat of the main reducer housing of the medium-heavy vehicle according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 a is the structure schematic diagram of the final drive housing bearing block to be cracked and processed in the present invention;

Fig. 6b is a structural schematic diagram of the bearing seat of the main reducer housing in the present invention when it has been cracked and is to be reset;

Fig. 6c is a structural schematic diagram of the housing bearing seat of the final reducer in the present invention after being reset;

Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 6aI.

In the picture:

A-shell positioning mechanism; B-cracking mechanism; C-back pressure mechanism; D-bolt torque assembly mechanism;

1- table lifting screw; 2- cracking table; 3- housing positioning cylinder; 4- main reducer housing;

5-Explosion push rod; 6-Broach; 7-Explosion sleeve; 8-Wedge-shaped expansion block;

9-back pressure bolt; 10-back pressure cylinder; 11-back pressure cylinder mounting plate; 12-back pressure vertical linear guide rail;

13-back pressure sliding frame; 14-horizontal linear guide rail; 15-back pressure lifting cylinder; 16-sliding table;

17-sliding table positioning cylinder; 18-cracking linear guide; 19-frame; 20-cracking cylinder;

21-Broaching cylinder; 22-Frame; 23-Workbench; 24-Bolt placement plate;

25-Constant torque wrench; 26-Wrench mounting frame; 27-Vertical linear guide rail; 28-Constant torque sliding frame;

29-horizontal moving cylinder; 30-fixed torque lifting cylinder; 31-back pressure bolt mounting plate; 32-back pressure mounting plate guide moving block;

33-back pressure mounting plate guide fixed block; 34-cracking groove; 35-bearing cover; 36-bearing seat.

detailed description

In order to further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific implementation of the present invention is as follows:

The invention provides a cracking processing equipment for the bearing housing of the main reducer of a medium-heavy vehicle. The equipment is composed of three parts: a mechanical system, a hydraulic system and a control system. What the present invention elaborates emphatically is the mechanical system part.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the mechanical system part of the equipment includes a machine base 22, a workbench 23, a housing positioning mechanism A, a cracking mechanism B, a back pressure mechanism C, and a bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D. Wherein the base 22 is set horizontally as the equipment base; the workbench 23 is vertically arranged at one end of the base 22 as a suspension support component; The device is vertically arranged at one end of the base 22 and corresponds to the position of the workbench 23; the cracking mechanism B is arranged above the base 22 along the length direction of the base 22, and the working end of the cracking process is positioned toward the housing Mechanism A; back pressure mechanism C and bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D are all arranged above the workbench 23, and their positions are directly opposite to the housing positioning mechanism A in the vertical direction.

As shown in Figure 1, the housing positioning mechanism A is vertically installed at one end of the machine base 22, and is composed of a cracking workbench 2, a housing positioning cylinder 3, a workbench lifting screw 1 and a positioning pushing screw rod. The leading screw of described workbench lifting screw 1 is vertically set up, and its one end is fixed on the support 22, and the leading screw nut of workbench lifting leading screw 1 is fixedly connected with cracking workbench 2, drives cracking workbench 2 up and down ( That is, move smoothly along the z-axis to adjust the working height of the cracking workbench 2. The bearing seat of the main reducer housing to be processed and the main reducer housing 4 are integrally cast and formed, the main reducer housing 4 is placed on the cracking workbench 2, and the bearing seat to be processed is located on the workbench of the cracking workbench 2. above the upper table, and the rest of the housing part is located below the working upper table. The housing positioning oil cylinder 3 is vertically arranged, and its main cylinder body is fixed on the cracking workbench 2, located below the main reducer housing 4, and is equal to the horizontal position of the lead screw nut of the workbench lifting screw 1, and the housing positioning The end of the piston rod of the oil cylinder 3 is provided with a positioning pin, and the end of the piston rod enters the housing of the main reducer housing 4 from below, and is positioned by the positioning pin to lift the main reducer housing 4, so that the main reducer The upper surface of the casing 4 is tightly pressed against the inner surface of the upper surface of the cracking workbench 2 from bottom to top to realize the positioning in the up and down direction; at the same time, the positioning push bolts are pushed from the side to one side of the main reducer casing 4 The boss surface is pressed against the inner surface of the cracking workbench 2 from the inside to the outside, so as to realize the positioning in the left and right directions. Under the action of the workbench lifting screw 1, the cracking workbench 2 will drive the main reducer housing 4 on it to move up and down, and the main reducer housing 4 will be positioned at the position through the housing positioning cylinder 3 and the positioning push screw. On the cracking workbench 2, to be further processed.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the cracking mechanism B includes a frame 19, a broaching cylinder 21, a cracking cylinder 20, a sliding table 16, a cracking linear guide 18, a first slider, an expansion push rod 5, an expansion Broken sleeve 7 and wedge-shaped expansion block 8. The frame 19 is fixed on the frame 22 along the length direction of the frame 22, so as to support the whole cracking mechanism B to work in the left-right direction (i.e. the x-axis direction); the cracking linear guide rail 18 is fixed along the frame 19, and the slider workbench 16 passes through The first sliding block installed at the bottom is slidingly connected with the cracking linear guide rail 18, the oil body of the broaching oil cylinder 21 is fixed on one end of the frame 19, and the piston rod of the broaching oil cylinder 21 is fixedly connected with the sliding workbench 16 through a flange. Driven by the oil cutting cylinder 21, the sliding table 16 slides left and right along the x-axis.

The cylinder body of the cracking oil cylinder 20 is fixed on the sliding workbench 16, the piston rod of the cracking oil cylinder 20 is linearly fixedly connected with the expansion push rod 5, and the expansion sleeve 7 is coaxially fixed with the cracking oil cylinder 20 on the slide through the mounting bracket. On the workbench 16, the cracking cylinder 20 is located at the rear side of the expansion sleeve 7, and the expansion push rod 5 fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the cracking cylinder is set in the expansion sleeve 7. As shown in FIG. 4 , a broach 6 is installed horizontally on the front end of the expansion sleeve 7 , and two wedge-shaped grooves are evenly opened on the upper surface of the expansion push rod 5 . There are two holes on the expansion sleeve 7, and the wedge-shaped expansion block 8 is placed in the hole. The wedge angle of the wedge-shaped expansion block 8 is 8 degrees. Wedges match. When the expansion push rod 5 moves horizontally along the x-axis, under the action of the wedge surface, the wedge-shaped expansion block 8 moves up and down along the z-axis in the hole of the expansion sleeve 7 along the wedge-shaped groove of the expansion push rod 5 .

In order to ensure that the sliding table 16 maintains a stable state during work, a sliding table positioning device is also provided below the sliding table 16 . As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the sliding table positioning device is located below the front end of the sliding table 16, and is composed of a pair of vertically arranged sliding table positioning cylinders 17, and the master cylinder of the sliding table positioning cylinder 17 is fixed on On the frame 19, the frame 19 at the coaxial corresponding position with the sliding workbench positioning oil cylinder 17 and the sliding workbench 16 all have positioning holes, and the piston rod end of the sliding workbench positioning oil cylinder 17 is loaded upward and enters the frame 19. Realize accurate positioning with the positioning hole of sliding workbench 16.

As shown in Figure 1, the back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D are all installed on the upper beam of the workbench 23 through the horizontal linear guide rail 14, and the horizontal linear guide rail 14 is vertically arranged with the cracking linear guide rail direction (that is, the horizontal linear guide rail 14 is set along the y-axis), the back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D are slidably connected to the horizontal linear guide rail 14 through the second slider and the third slider respectively. The back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D are connected by a rigid plate to realize synchronous sliding.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 , the back pressure mechanism C includes a back pressure sliding frame 13 , a back pressure lifting cylinder 15 , a back pressure cylinder 10 , a back pressure cylinder mounting plate 11 , a back pressure bolt 9 and a back pressure bolt mounting plate 31 . The various components of the back pressure mechanism C are vertically arranged in a line along the z-axis, and the order from bottom to top is as follows: a pair of back pressure bolts 9 are installed side by side on the back pressure bolt mounting plate 31, and the back pressure bolt mounting plate 31 is connected to the end of the piston rod of the back pressure oil cylinder 10 through the flange, and the back pressure oil cylinder 10 is a pair, corresponding to the positions of the two bearing seats of the main reducer housing 4 respectively. The main cylinder of the back pressure oil cylinder 10 is installed on the lower surface of the back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11, and the upper surface of the back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 is connected with the piston rod of the back pressure lifting oil cylinder 15 through the flange, and the main body of the back pressure lifting oil cylinder 15 The cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the back pressure sliding frame 13, and the back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 is installed horizontally on the inner side of the back pressure sliding frame 13, and both sides of the back pressure oil cylinder mounting plate 11 pass through the back pressure vertical linear guide rail 12 and the inner side of the back pressure sliding frame 13. Sliding connection, under the push-pull action of the back pressure lifting cylinder 15, the back pressure cylinder mounting plate 11 drives the back pressure cylinder 10 to move up and down (along the z axis) precisely along the back pressure vertical linear guide rail 12.

As shown in Figure 5, a pair of back pressure mounting plate guide blocks 32 are fixedly connected on the side of the master cylinder of the back pressure oil cylinder 10, and a pair of back pressure bolt mounting plates 31 connected to the piston rod of the back pressure oil cylinder 10 are fixedly connected with a For the back pressure mounting plate guide moving block 33, the back pressure mounting plate guide fixed block 32 is slidably installed and connected with the back pressure mounting plate guide moving block 33, so that under the pushing and pulling action of the back pressure oil cylinder 10, the back pressure bolt mounting plate 31 drives the back pressure The pressure bolt 9 slides up and down precisely along the z axis.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the back pressure mechanism C is slidingly connected with the horizontal linear guide rail 14 through the second slider fixedly installed on the back pressure sliding frame 13 , so that the entire back pressure mechanism C moves along the horizontal linear guide rail 14 in the x-axis direction.

As shown in Figure 3, a rigid plate is connected between the back pressure sliding frame 13 of the back pressure mechanism C and the constant torque sliding frame 28 of the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D, and the other side of the constant torque sliding frame 28 is fixedly connected with a horizontal Moving oil cylinder 29, horizontally moving oil cylinder 29 supports and is installed on the side beam of workbench 23. The bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D is slidably connected with the horizontal linear guide rail 14 through the third sliding block fixedly connected on the constant torque sliding frame 28 . Driven by the horizontally moving oil cylinder 29 , the back pressure carriage 13 and the constant torque carriage 28 drive the back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D to slide synchronously along the horizontal linear guide rail 14 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D includes a constant torque sliding frame 28 , a horizontal moving cylinder 29 , a wrench mounting frame 26 , a vertical linear guide rail 27 , a constant torque lifting cylinder 30 and a constant torque wrench 25 . The master cylinder of the constant torque lifting oil cylinder 30 is fixedly connected on the constant torque sliding frame 28, the piston rod of the constant torque lifting oil cylinder 30 is connected with the wrench mounting frame 26, and a pair of constant torque wrenches 25 are installed side by side on the spanner mounting frame 26. The vertical linear guide rail 27 is fixed on the constant torque sliding frame 28, and the sliding wrench mounting frame 26 is slidably connected with the vertical linear guide rail 27 through a slider. Driven by the constant torque lifting cylinder 30, the wrench mounting bracket 26 drives a pair of constant torque wrenches 25 to slide up and down along the z axis. A bolt placement plate 24 for containing bolts is horizontally installed on the workbench 23 side beams below the constant torque wrench 25 .

The present invention also provides a cracking processing method for the housing bearing seat of the main reducer of a medium-heavy vehicle, specifically as follows:

a. Fix the main reducer housing 4

Manually place the semi-finished main reducer housing 4 to be cracked on the positioning sleeve at the piston rod end of the housing positioning cylinder 3, the bearing seat of the main reducer housing 4 faces upward, and the housing positioning cylinder 4 is loaded to work. The main reducer housing 4 is pressed against the inner upper surface of the cracking workbench 2, and at the same time, the boss plane on the other side of the main reducer housing 4 is pressed against the side surface of the cracking workbench 3 by pushing the positioning push screw.

b. Apply back pressure to the final drive housing 4

The piston rod of the back pressure lifting cylinder 15 goes down, so that the back pressure mechanism C reaches the lower limit, and then the back pressure cylinder 10 starts loading. When the action is stopped, the back pressure oil cylinder 10 always maintains the back pressure loading state during the cracking process of the bearing seat of the final reducer.

c. Crack the overall bearing seat of the main reducer housing 4

The broaching cylinder 21 is loaded to push the sliding table 16 to move left along the x-axis, as shown in FIG. 1 . The expansion sleeve 7 drives its front end broach 6 to pass through the bearing hole of the bearing seat of the main reducer housing 4, and the expansion push rod 5 also enters the bearing hole together with the expansion sleeve 7, and is embedded and fixed in the expansion sleeve during the movement. The broach 6 at the front end of the sleeve 7 processes broaching cracking grooves 34 on both sides of the center of the bearing seat hole, as shown in Figure 6a and Figure 7 . After the broaching oil cylinder 21 reaches the left limit position, the sliding table positioning oil cylinder 17 is loaded upward, and the sliding table 16 is precisely positioned. Continuously, the cracking oil cylinder 20 is loaded and works, and the expansion push rod 5 is rapidly advanced along the expansion sleeve 7, and the expansion push rod 5 converts its own horizontal motion into the vertical motion of the wedge-shaped expansion block 8 matched with it. Pushing the push rod 5, the wedge-shaped expansion block 8 moves upward, and exerts a cracking force on the bearing seat of the main reducer housing 4 as a whole, so that the bearing seat of the main reducer housing 4 is cracked as a whole to form a bearing cap 35 and a bearing seat 36. Part, as shown in Figure 6b.

d. Complete the cracking preparation and assemble the cracked bearing seat

After the bearing cover 35 and the bearing seat 36 are fractured and separated, the high-pressure oil in the cracking oil cylinder 20 is unloaded, and the expansion push rod 5 is retracted to the original position. At the same time, the bearing cap 35 resets under the continuous back pressure of the back pressure oil cylinder 10 and precisely engages with the bearing seat 36 at the fractured surface. After the bearing cover 35 is reset and meshed with the bearing seat 36, the sliding table positioning cylinder 17 is unloaded to release the positioning, the sliding table 16 returns to the initial position under the action of the broaching oil cylinder 21, and the back pressure mechanism C is under the action of the back pressure lifting oil cylinder 15 Also returns the initial position. At the end of the cracking process, the back pressure remains unchanged, and the cracking oil cylinder 20 is unloaded to ensure that the cracked bearing body and cover can be accurately meshed together after the cracking load is withdrawn; the piston rod of the back pressure oil cylinder 10 rises to remove the back pressure, and Lifting cylinder 15 moves the back pressure mechanism C to the upper limit, and moves the cylinder 29 horizontally to work, so that the back pressure mechanism C and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D move along the guide rail synchronously, the back pressure mechanism C moves out of the working station, and the bolt is fixed. The torque assembly mechanism D arrives at the working station.

e. Assemble the cracked bearing seat

When the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D is in the position shown in Figure 2 and at the upper limit, the bolt placement plate 24 that is equipped with bolts and can be positioned precisely is located directly below the bolt constant torque assembly device, and the constant torque lifting cylinder 30 goes down, and the wrench The sleeve touches the bolt and is slightly rotated and adjusted so that the bolt enters the wrench socket, and the permanent magnet in the wrench socket absorbs the bolt. Then, the constant torque lifting cylinder 30 goes up to the upper limit position, and the horizontal movement cylinder 29 is loaded to work, and the bolt constant torque assembly mechanism D is pushed to the bolt constant torque assembly station directly above the cracked shell, and the constant torque lifting cylinder 30 will drive the bolt The loading unit of the tightening mechanism moves downward, and when it reaches the lower processing limit, the fixed torque bolt assembly system automatically enters the bolt tightening working state. The constant torque wrench 25 starts to load and run. At this time, the controller will automatically switch the spindle speed according to the detection signal of the torque sensor to complete the tightening work cycle. When the torque of the bolt reaches the set value, the tightening shaft will stop loading; at this time, the cracked The opened bearing cover 35 and the bearing seat 36 are reinstalled back into one body, as shown in FIG. 6c. After the tightening work is finished, the fixed torque lifting oil cylinder 30 rises to drive the bolt fixed torque assembly device to move upwards, reaches the upper limit position, and moves the oil cylinder 29 backstroke horizontally, thus completing a working cycle.

Claims (7)

1. The most medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracking process equipment, by support (22), Working gantry (23), housing location Mechanism (A), cracking mechanism (B), back pressure mechanism (C) composition, it is characterised in that:

   Also include that moment of torsion assemble mechanism (D) determined by bolt；

   Working gantry (23) is arranged on one end of support (22), and housing detent mechanism (A) is arranged on and Working gantry (23) position Corresponding support (22) one end, cracking mechanism (B) is arranged on the top of support (22), back pressure along the length direction of support (22) Mechanism (C) and bolt are determined moment of torsion assemble mechanism (D) and are disposed in parallel in Working gantry (23) top；

   Described housing detent mechanism (A) by cracking workbench (2), housing positional cylinder (3), worktable lifting leading screw (1) and Screw rod composition is pushed in location；The feed screw nut of worktable lifting leading screw (1) is fixing with cracking workbench (2) to be connected, main reducing gear Housing (4) is placed in cracking workbench (2), and housing positional cylinder (3) Master cylinder body is fixed in cracking workbench (2), and housing is fixed The piston rod end of position oil cylinder (3) and bevel housing (4) are by the upper and lower location and installation of alignment pin；Bolt is pushed from side in location Face, from inside to outside is pressed on the side boss face of bevel housing (4) on the medial surface of cracking workbench (2), it is achieved Location, left and right；

   Described cracking mechanism (B) passes through hydraulic oil cylinder driving, it is achieved in the upper sliding of support (22), and by the level of swollen disconnected pull bar being transported The dynamic vertical motion being converted into matched wedge block, carries out the bearing block of bevel housing (4) swollen fracture and solves；

   Described back pressure mechanism (C) and bolt are determined moment of torsion assemble mechanism (D) and are all arranged on workbench by horizontal linear guide rail (14) On the entablature of frame (23), horizontal linear guide rail (14) is vertically arranged with cracking line slideway direction, back pressure mechanism (C) and bolt Determine moment of torsion assemble mechanism (D) to be slidably connected with horizontal linear guide rail (14) by the second slide block and the 3rd slide block respectively, back pressure machine Structure (C) is determined with bolt to be connected by one piece of rigid plate between moment of torsion assemble mechanism (D), determines moment of torsion assemble mechanism (D) at bolt Opposite side is provided with and moves horizontally oil cylinder (29), and under the driving moving horizontally oil cylinder (29), back pressure mechanism (C) is turned round surely with bolt Square assemble mechanism (D) synchronization-sliding.
2. Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block the most as claimed in claim 1 cracking process equipment, it is characterised in that:

   Described cracking mechanism B is by frame (19), broaching oil cylinder (21), cracking oil cylinder (20), sliding table (16), cracking straight line Guide rail (18), the first slide block, swollen disconnected push rod (5), swollen disconnected sleeve (7) and wedge shape expansion block (8) composition；

   Described frame (19) is fixed on support (22) along the length direction of support (22), and cracking line slideway (18) is along frame (19) fixing, slide block workbench (16) is slidably connected with cracking line slideway (18), and the oil body of broaching oil cylinder (21) is fixed on machine One end of frame (19), the piston rod of broaching oil cylinder (21) is connected with sliding table (16)；

   The cylinder body of described cracking oil cylinder (20) is fixed on sliding table (16), and the piston rod of cracking oil cylinder (20) pushes away with swollen breaking Bar (5) one end is fixing to be connected, and swollen disconnected sleeve (7) is coaxially fixed with cracking oil cylinder (20), the front end edge level peace of swollen disconnected sleeve (7) Equipped with broaching tool (6), the upper surface of swollen disconnected push rod (5) uniformly has wedge-shaped slot.Hole, wedge shape expansion block (8) is had on swollen disconnected sleeve (7) Be placed in hole, when swollen disconnected push rod (5) axially movable time, wedge shape expansion block (8) moves up and down in hole.
3. Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block the most as claimed in claim 2 cracking process equipment, it is characterised in that:

   The lower section of described sliding table (16) is additionally provided with sliding stand positioner, and described sliding stand positioner is vertical by a pair Sliding table positional cylinder (17) composition arranged, the master cylinder of sliding table positional cylinder (17) is fixed on frame (19) On, all have calmly on sliding table (16) with the frame (19) of the coaxial correspondence position of sliding table positional cylinder (17) Hole, position, the tailpiece of the piston rod of sliding table positional cylinder (17) loads up, enters frame (19) and sliding table (16) Hole, location realizes location.
4. Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block the most as claimed in claim 1 cracking process equipment, it is characterised in that:

   Each ingredient of described back pressure mechanism (C) is followed successively by the most from bottom to top: a pair back pressure bolt (9) is pacified side by side Being contained in back pressure bolt installing plate (31), back pressure bolt installing plate (31) is by the piston rod end with back pressure oil cylinder (10) even Connecing, a pair back pressure oil cylinder (10) is corresponding with two bearing block positions of bevel housing (4), the master cylinder peace of back pressure oil cylinder (10) It is contained in the work of back pressure oil cylinder installing plate (11) lower surface, the upper surface of back pressure oil cylinder installing plate (11) and back pressure hoist cylinder (15) Stopper rod connects, and the master cylinder of back pressure hoist cylinder (15) is fixedly connected on back pressure travelling carriage (13) top, back pressure oil cylinder installing plate (11) it is horizontally arranged at back pressure travelling carriage (13) inner side, and back pressure oil cylinder installing plate (11) both sides are by back pressure vertical line guide rail (12) it is connected with back pressure travelling carriage (13) inner slide.
5. Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block the most as claimed in claim 4 cracking process equipment, it is characterised in that:

   The master cylinder side of described back pressure oil cylinder (10) is also fixedly connected with a pair back pressure installing plate guide and determine block (32), with Back pressure bolt installing plate (31) both sides that back pressure oil cylinder (10) piston rod connects are fixedly connected with a pair back pressure installing plate and guide dynamic Block (33), back pressure installing plate guides determine block (32) and back pressure installing plate guiding motion block (33) and is slidably installed and is connected so that in back pressure Under the push-and-pull action of oil cylinder (10), back pressure bolt installing plate (31) drives back pressure bolt (9) to slide up and down.
6. Medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block the most as claimed in claim 1 cracking process equipment, it is characterised in that:

   Described bolt determines moment of torsion assemble mechanism (D) by determining torque slip frame (28), moving horizontally oil cylinder (29), spanner installing rack (26), vertical line guide rail (27), determine moment of torsion hoist cylinder (30) and constant torque wrench (25) composition；

   Determine the master cylinder of moment of torsion hoist cylinder (30) to be fixedly connected on and determine, on torque slip frame (28), to determine moment of torsion hoist cylinder (30) Piston rod is connected with spanner installing rack (26), and a pair constant torque wrench (25) is arranged on spanner installing rack (26) side by side；Vertically Line slideway (27) is fixed on to be determined on torque slip frame (28), and slip spanner installing rack (26) is slided with vertical line guide rail (27) Connect；Under the driving determining moment of torsion hoist cylinder (30), spanner installing rack (26) drives a pair upper downslide of constant torque wrench (2) Dynamic；Working gantry (23) curb girder of constant torque wrench (25) lower section is provided with bolt and places plate (24).
7. The most medium and heavy car owner's reducer shell bearing block cracking processing method, it is characterised in that:

   Specifically comprise the following steps that

   A. bevel housing (4) is fixed；

   Bevel housing (4) to be cracked is placed on the positioning sleeve of housing positional cylinder (3) tailpiece of the piston rod, housing location oil Cylinder (4) loads work, makes bevel housing (4) compress cracking workbench (2) inside upper surface, pushes spiral shell by location simultaneously Bar is pushed and is made the boss plane of bevel housing (4) opposite side compress cracking workbench (3) side；

   B. bevel housing (4) is applied back pressure；

   The piston rod descending arrival lower limit of back pressure hoist cylinder (15), back pressure oil cylinder (10) loads, and treats that back pressure bolt (9) is with main After the bearing cap contact of reducer shell (4), back pressure hoist cylinder (15) stopping action, back pressure oil cylinder (10) is at main reducing gear axle Bearing cracking process remains back pressure stress state.

   C. the bearing block entirety of bevel housing (4) is cracked；

   Broaching oil cylinder (21) loads, and promotes sliding table (16) to move in the horizontal direction, and expansion sleeve (7) drives its front end to draw Cutter (6) is through the dead eye of bevel housing (4) bearing block, and the most same expansion sleeve of swollen disconnected push rod (5) (7) enters bearing together Hole, inlay in motor process and be fixed on the broaching tool (6) of swollen disconnected sleeve (7) front end in both sides, bearing saddle bore center processing draw Cutting splitter (34), after broaching oil cylinder (21) arrives left limit, sliding table positional cylinder (17) loads up, work of sliding Station (16) is accurately positioned；

   Cracking oil cylinder (20) loads work, and swollen disconnected push rod (5) advances along expansion sleeve (7), and swollen disconnected push rod (5) is by axial level Conversion of motion is the vertical motion of matched wedge shape expansion block (8), along with the propelling of swollen disconnected push rod (5), wedge shape expansion block (8) to Upper motion, applies cracking strength to the bearing block entirety of bevel housing (4), makes the bearing block to bevel housing (4) whole Body cracking forms bearing cap (35) and bearing block (36) two parts；

   D. complete cracking to prepare the bearing block after cracking is assembled；

   After bearing cap (35) separates with bearing block (36) fracture, the hydraulic oil unloaded in cracking oil cylinder (20), swollen disconnected push rod (5) Being recovered to home position, meanwhile bearing cap (35) resets under the lasting back pressure effect of back pressure oil cylinder (10), bearing cap (35), after resetting and engage with bearing block (36), sliding table positional cylinder (17) unloading releases location, sliding table (16) returning initial position under broaching oil cylinder (21) effect, back pressure mechanism C also returns under the effect of back pressure hoist cylinder (15) Return initial position；

   Move horizontally oil cylinder (29) and load work, make back pressure mechanism (C), bolt determine moment of torsion assemble mechanism (D) and synchronize to move along guide rail Dynamic, back pressure mechanism (C) removal work station, bolt is determined moment of torsion assemble mechanism (D) and is arrived work station；

   E. the bearing block after cracking is assembled；

   Determine moment of torsion hoist cylinder (30) descending, make to be in the bolt that bolt determines immediately below moment of torsion assembling device and enter into wrench socket In, the permanent magnet in wrench socket holds bolt, determines moment of torsion hoist cylinder (30) and goes upward to upper limit position, moves horizontally oil cylinder (29) load work, bolt is determined bolt directly over the housing that moment of torsion assemble mechanism D is pushed to crack and determines moment of torsion assembler Position, determines moment of torsion hoist cylinder (30) and is moved downward by the loading unit driving bolt screwing machine structure, after arriving processing lower limit, and spiral shell Anchoring moment of torsion assembly system enters bolt and tightens duty, and constant torque wrench (25) starts to load operating, and bolt is screwed into axle Holding the installing hole between lid (35) and bearing block (36), the cleaved bearing cap (35) opened and bearing block (36) reinstall return Integral, tighten end-of-job, determine moment of torsion hoist cylinder (30) rise drive bolt determine moment of torsion assemble device (D) move upward, Arrive upper limit position, move horizontally oil cylinder (29) backhaul, so far complete a cycle of operation.