CN106270423B - A kind of method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction - Google Patents
A kind of method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction Download PDFInfo
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- CN106270423B CN106270423B CN201610871586.8A CN201610871586A CN106270423B CN 106270423 B CN106270423 B CN 106270423B CN 201610871586 A CN201610871586 A CN 201610871586A CN 106270423 B CN106270423 B CN 106270423B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
Abstract
A kind of method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction, belongs to metallurgical technology field.Method：1) it is toasted after preparing the slag charge of high conductivity；2) insertion depth of packing ratio and electrode is determined；Place heelpiece, striking agent and current-conductive mold；3) current path is selected as power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply, the starting the arc, charging, slugging；After slag charge is melting down, melting current and remelting voltage are set, in esr process, setting electric current path is closed by switch, control passes through the allocation proportion of crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current, changes the shape and depth of metal bath, controls the direction of solidified structure；The remelting later stage powers off after electroslag remelting feeding operation, cools down to obtain remelted ingot.The method of the present invention uses the slag system of high conductivity proportioning, increases the trend that ingot solidification tissue axially crystallizes；The crystallization direction of ingot solidification tissue is controlled in reflow process, the ingot casting of preparation has good surface quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, more particularly to a kind of current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue
The method in direction.
Background technology
Liquid metal solidifies in mold or casting mold, the former forms ingot casting, and the latter forms casting.Since ingot casting or casting are cold
But condition is extremely complex, and as-cast structure has the characteristics that very much.As-cast structure includes size, shape and the orientation of crystal grain, alloy
The defects of distribution of element and ingot casting etc..The macrostructure of ingot casting is usually made of three crystalline regions, i.e. the Quench of extexine
The isometric crystalline region of layer, intermediate columnar zone and center portion.After the metal liquid of high temperature enters casting mold, due to mo(U)ld face temperature
The larger degree of supercooling of relatively low formation is spent, in addition type wall can be as the substrate of heterogeneous forming core, so being formed at by plesiotype wall thin
The isometric crystalline region of layer；While isometric crystal zone formation, type wall temperature increases rapidly, in addition metal freezing after-contraction makes ingot casting and type wall
It is detached from, liquid metal is made to continue heat dissipation difficult.For these reasons, liquid metal cooling slows down, and temperature gradient becomes flat, this
When generating column crystal on the direction of type wall.It was verified that axial crystallization is got well than the metallurgical quality of radial direction crystallization.
In order to obtain better Solidification Quality, it usually needs electroslag remelting is carried out using the product just refined as consutrode,
Steel or alloy are further purified, changes the crystallization direction of solidified structure, axial crystalline structure is more they tended to so as to obtain.Traditional electricity
Slag reflow process, electric current are all flowed out from bottom water tank, and the crystallization direction of solidified structure is generally 45 °.The side of ingot solidification tissue
It is fixed to comparing, it is difficult to flexibly control.
The current-conductive mold electroslag remelting technique that the present invention uses, electric current can be flowed out from crystallizer and bottom water tank respectively,
By controlling the allocation proportion of crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current, and then change the shape and depth of metal bath, so as to control casting
The direction of ingot solidified structure.Current-conductive mold esr process, by the electric current of crystallizer and bottom water tank, there are many distribution sides
Formula.K3 and K1 switches are closed, disconnect K2 switches, electric current is all flowed out from bottom water tank.K3 and K2 switches are closed, disconnect K1 switches,
Electric current is all flowed out from crystallizer.When K3, K2, K1 are all closed, there are electric current outflow, different electricity on crystallizer and bottom water tank
Pole insertion depth and packing ratio can bring different allocation proportions, and distribution ratio can directly be read from ammeter.Work as crystallizer
On have electric current by when, in slag/crystallizer can generate Joule heat on interface, make to form the cylinder of certain altitude in metal bath
Section also ensures the surface quality of ingot casting while ingot solidification tissue direction is controlled.
The allocation proportion of crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current is current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue crystals
The key factor in direction is related to the quality of product Solidification Quality.Therefore, suitable allocation proportion is selected to be conducive to control ingot casting
Solidified structure direction, ensure the surface quality of ingot casting.
Invention content
In order to control the crystallization direction of ingot solidification tissue, current-conductive mold electroslag remelting is used the present invention provides a kind of
The method for controlling solidified structure direction.This method can control the allocation proportion by crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current, so as to change
The depth and shape of metal bath, and then the direction of solidified structure is controlled, while also ensure that ingot casting has good surface matter
Amount.
The method in the current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control solidified structure direction of the present invention, using current-conductive mold electroslag weight
The solidified structure direction of molten technical controlling ingot casting；Using current-conductive mold technology, electric current is allowed to be returned respectively from crystallizer and bottom water tank
To power supply, the allocation proportion of different switch closed manners and process parameter control by crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current is selected,
And then the depth and shape of metal bath are controlled, so as to control the direction of ingot solidification tissue；Specifically comprise the following steps：
Step 1, the preparation and baking of slag charge：
(1) slag charge of high conductivity is prepared；
(2) after slag charge being toasted 4~6h at 600~800 DEG C, slag charge cools down with stove, spare；
Step 2, preparation work：
(1) insertion depth of packing ratio and electrode is determined；
(2) heelpiece is placed on to the bottom water tank center of electroslag furnace, striking agent is placed on heelpiece, is tiled around striking agent
Part slag charge；
(3) current-conductive mold is located on the water tank of bottom and carries out centering；
Step 3, current-conductive mold electroslag remelting：
(1) it is closed and disconnects by switching, make current path for power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply,
After the starting the arc, remaining slag charge is added in current-conductive mold in batches, carries out slugging；
(2) after slag charge is all melting down, melting current and remelting voltage are set, electroslag remelting is carried out, in esr process
In, it is closed by switching with disconnecting setting electric current path, control changes gold by the allocation proportion of crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current
Belong to the shape and depth in molten bath, so as to control the direction of ingot solidification tissue；
Wherein：The current path is one kind in following (a) (b) or (c) kind mode：(a), current path is power supply
→ consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply；(b), power supply → consutrode → slag charge → current-conductive mold → power supply；
(c), current path is 2：Power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply, power supply → consutrode → slag charge → are led
Electrocrystallization device → power supply；
(3) it is powered off after the esr process later stage, progress electroslag remelting feeding operation, natural cooling, remelting casting is made
Ingot.
Wherein：
In the step 1, the conductivity of the slag charge of high conductivity in 1900K is 300~500 Ω-1m-1。
In the step 1, slag charge is put into resistance furnace after mixing and is toasted, remove the moisture in slag charge.
In the step 2, the selection of packing ratio and electrode insertion depth controls ingot casting to current-conductive mold electroslag remelting
Solidified structure direction generates following influence：
In the case that other conditions are constant, with the increase of packing ratio, the ratio that electric current is flowed out from current-conductive mold increases,
The ratio that electric current is flowed out from bottom water tank reduces, and the solidified structure of ingot casting and the angle of vertical direction reduce therewith；
In the case that other conditions are constant, as electrode insertion depth increases, ratio that electric current is flowed out from current-conductive mold
Reduce, the ratio increase that electric current is flowed out from bottom water tank, the solidified structure of ingot casting and the angle of vertical direction increase therewith.
Current-conductive mold powers on the branch for generating total current, flowing through the branch current of current-conductive mold and flowing through bottom water tank
Road electric current, flows through the branch current of current-conductive mold and the ratio of total current, the ratio that referred to as electric current is flowed out from current-conductive mold,
Flow through the branch current of bottom water tank and the ratio of total current, the ratio that referred to as electric current is flowed out from bottom water tank.
In the step 2, the material of heelpiece is identical with required smelting steel grade material, and thickness is 20~30mm.
In the step 2, striking agent is CaF2And TiO2The mixture obtained after fritting, in mass ratio, CaF2∶
TiO2=(40~60): (40~60).
In the step 2, the quality of part slag charge is the 1~2% of slag charge gross mass to be dealt with.
In the step 3 (3), electroslag remelting feeding operation is constant in the ratio for ensureing fire door voltage/melting current
Under conditions of, while fire door voltage and melting current are reduced in proportion, achieve the purpose that decreasing power, be further ensured that on ingot casting
The Solidification Quality in portion.
In the step 3, when current path is (a), electric current all flows through bottom water tank；When current path is (b), electric current
All flow through current-conductive mold；When current path is (c), there is electric current to flow through on current-conductive mold and bottom water tank.
In the step 3, by setting electric current path, control passes through the allocation proportion of crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current
Method is：When selecting current path (a), electric current all flows through bottom water tank, and the solidified structure of ingot casting and the angle of vertical direction are most
Greatly；When selecting current path (b), electric current all flows through current-conductive mold, and the solidified structure of ingot casting and the angle of vertical direction are most
It is small；When selecting current path (c), there is electric current to flow through on current-conductive mold and bottom water tank, the solidified structure of ingot casting and vertical side
To angle between the angle of current path (a) and the angle of current path (b).
The esr process melts speed and is determined by empirical equation v=(0.5~0.7) D, wherein：V- melts speed, kg/h；
D- crystallizer diameters, mm.
In the step 3, starting the arc method is solid-state starting the arc method.
The method in the current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction of the present invention, compared with prior art,
It has the beneficial effect that：
(1) the method for the present invention can ensure that ingot casting has good surface quality under compared with eutectic speed.Under normal circumstances, it is traditional
The molten speed of esr process determines by empirical equation v=(0.7~1.0) D, wherein：V- melts speed, kg/h；D- crystallizers are straight
Diameter, mm.Lower molten speed may be used using current-conductive mold electroslag remelting technique, melt speed by empirical equation v=(0.5~
0.7) D is determined.Due to the use of current-conductive mold technology, crystallizer wall current density is larger, has a large amount of Joule heat to generate,
It can make metal bath that there is the cylindrical section height of certain altitude, so the surface quality of ingot casting is guaranteed.
(2) the method for the present invention is closed in the slugging phase by switching, and electric current is allowed all to be flowed out from bottom water tank, makes slag bath temperature
Rapid raising, improves slugging efficiency；The normal smelting phase selects different switch closed manners, packing ratio and electrode insertion depth,
The allocation proportion by crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current can be controlled.Pass through the control to crystallizer and bottom water tank current sharing ratio
System can control the direction of ingot solidification tissue.
(3) the method for the present invention, the slag system matched using high conductivity are advantageously reduced the burn-off rate of electrode, increased in this way
The trend that ingot solidification tissue is added axially to crystallize.
(4) the method for the present invention is operated in melting latter stage using the feeding of power decay.In melting latter stage, fire door electricity is kept
The Ratio invariableness of pressure/melting current, while electric current and voltage are reduced in proportion, achieve the effect that feeding, it is preferably solidifying to obtain
Stereoplasm amount.
(5) the method for the present invention using the slag charge and current-conductive mold technology of high conductivity proportioning, selects different switches to be closed
Mode, packing ratio and electrode insertion depth change the allocation proportion of crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current, and then control metal bath
Shape and depth so as to control the crystallization direction of ingot solidification tissue, while also ensure that ingot casting has good surface quality.
Description of the drawings
The electroslag weight of the method in the current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction of Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention
Molten schematic diagram；Wherein：1- consutrodes；2- cooling water outlets；3- slag baths；4- metal baths；5- current-conductive molds；6- remeltings
Ingot；7- insulators；8- bottoms water tank；9-K1 is switched；10-A1 ammeters；11-C1 cables；12- cooling water inlets；13-K2 is switched；
14-A2 ammeters；15-C2 cables；16-C3 cables；17-K3 is switched；18-A3 ammeters；19- power supplys.
Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared using the method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction
H13 ESR ingots macrostructure figure.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the embodiment specific embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, but the specific embodiment of the present invention not office
It is limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction, electroslag remelting schematic diagram is as schemed
Shown in 1, the steel grade of selection is H13 steel, is specifically comprised the following steps：
Step 1, the preparation and baking of slag charge：
(1) the slag charge 30Kg of high conductivity is prepared；Wherein, slag charge contains ingredient and its mass percent ratio：CaF2：50~
60%, CaO：18~24%, Al2O3：20~25%, MgO：2~5%, the sum of each composition quality percentage is 100%, the slag system
Conductivity in 1900K is 380 Ω-1m-1；
(2) slag charge is put into resistance furnace after mixing to toast, after toasting 5h at 600 DEG C, closes power supply by slag
Material cools down with stove, removes the moisture in slag charge, spare；
Step 2, preparation work：
(1) insertion depth of packing ratio and electrode is determined：A diameter of 350mm of current-conductive mold, electrode diameter are
220mm, the insertion depth of electrode are 10mm, packing ratio 0.54；
(2) heelpiece that 20mm thickness materials are all H13 steel is placed on to the bottom water tank center of electroslag furnace, places and draws on heelpiece
Arc agent, tile part slag charge around striking agent；Wherein, the quality of part slag charge is the 1% of slag charge gross mass to be dealt with；
Striking agent is CaF2And TiO2The mixture obtained after fritting, in mass ratio, CaF2∶TiO2=50: 50.
(3) current-conductive mold is located on the water tank of bottom and carries out centering；
Step 3, current-conductive mold electroslag remelting：
(1) K3 and K1 switches are closed, disconnect K2 switches, it is power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank to make current path
After the solid-state starting the arc method starting the arc, remaining slag charge is added in current-conductive mold in batches for → power supply, carries out slugging；
(2) after slag charge is all melting down, melting current and remelting voltage are set, carries out electroslag remelting, K2, K3 are all closed,
K1 disconnect, current path be (b), power supply → consutrode → slag charge → current-conductive mold → power supply；By current-conductive mold and
The allocation proportion of bottom water tank electric current is 100%：0%, allocation proportion can directly be read by ammeter；Wherein, it is 175kg/ to melt speed
H, remelting voltage are 36V, melting current 5000A；
(3) it in the esr process later stage, in order to ensure the Solidification Quality on ingot casting top, needs to carry out the benefit of decreasing power
Contracting operation under conditions of the ratio for ensureing fire door voltage/melting current is constant, while reduces fire door voltage and remelting in proportion
Electric current, electric current reduce 500A per 5min；It is powered off after remelting feeding operation, H13 remelting ESR ingots are made in natural cooling.
H13 ESR ingots made from the present embodiment, it is diametrically longitudinal to split, the steel ingot splitted is cut into 15mm thickness along vertical section
Longitudinal section, and with grinding machine sanding and polishing；The inverse chloroazotic acid of sample after polishing is corroded, and clean with washes of absolute alcohol；
Then column crystal and axial angle are measured, measurement result is 26 °, and the macrostructure of longitudinal section is as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction, electroslag remelting schematic diagram is as schemed
Shown in 1, the steel grade of selection is cold work die steel D2, is specifically comprised the following steps：
Step 1, the preparation and baking of slag charge：
(1) the slag charge 140Kg of high conductivity is prepared；Wherein, slag charge contains ingredient and its mass percent ratio：CaF2：50
~70%, CaO：10~20%, Al2O3：20~30%, SiO2：≤ 10%, the sum of each composition quality percentage is 100%, should
Conductivity of the slag system in 1900K is 460 Ω-1m-1；
(2) slag charge is put into resistance furnace after mixing to toast, after toasting 5h at 600 DEG C, closes power supply by slag
Material cools down with stove, removes the moisture in slag charge, spare；
Step 2, preparation work：
(1) insertion depth of packing ratio and electrode is determined：A diameter of 600mm of current-conductive mold, electrode diameter are
500mm, the insertion depth of electrode are 10mm, packing ratio 0.69；
(2) heelpiece that 30mm thickness materials are all cold work die steel D2 is placed on to the bottom water tank center of electroslag furnace, in heelpiece
Upper placement striking agent, tile part slag charge around striking agent；Wherein, the quality of part slag charge is the total matter of slag charge to be dealt with
The 2% of amount；Striking agent is CaF2And TiO2The mixture obtained after fritting, in mass ratio, CaF2∶TiO2=50: 50.
(3) current-conductive mold is located on the water tank of bottom and carries out centering；
Step 3, current-conductive mold electroslag remelting：
(1) K3 and K1 switches are closed, disconnect K2 switches, it is power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank to make current path
After the solid-state starting the arc method starting the arc, remaining slag charge is added in current-conductive mold in batches for → power supply, carries out slugging；
(2) after slag charge is all melting down, melting current and remelting voltage are set, carries out electroslag remelting, K1, K2, K3 are all closed
It closes, current path is (c), and current path is 2：Power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply, power supply → consumable
Electrode → slag charge → current-conductive mold → power supply；It is 60% by the allocation proportion of current-conductive mold and bottom water tank electric current：40%,
Allocation proportion can directly be read by ammeter；Wherein, speed is melted for 360kg/h, and melting voltage is 60V, and melting electric current is 11800A；
(3) it in the esr process later stage, in order to ensure the Solidification Quality on ingot casting top, needs to carry out the benefit of decreasing power
Contracting operation under conditions of the ratio for ensureing fire door voltage/melting current is constant, while reduces fire door voltage and remelting in proportion
Electric current, electric current reduce 500A per 2min；It is powered off after remelting feeding operation, natural cooling, the casting of remelting cold work die steel D2 steel is made
Ingot.
Remelting cold work die steel D2 steel ingot casting manufactured in the present embodiment is diametrically longitudinally splitted, the ingot casting splitted edge is vertical
Section cuts the longitudinal section of 15mm thickness, and with grinding machine sanding and polishing.By the sample after polishing with 10: 1: 10 acid of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid water
Solution corrodes, and clean with washes of absolute alcohol.Then column crystal and axial angle are measured, measurement result is 32 °.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction, electroslag remelting schematic diagram is as schemed
Shown in 1, the steel grade of selection is D2 steel, is specifically comprised the following steps：
Step 1, the preparation and baking of slag charge：
(1) the slag charge 140Kg of high conductivity is prepared；Wherein, slag charge contains ingredient and its mass percent ratio：CaF2：50
~70%, CaO：10~20%, Al2O3：20~30%, SiO2：≤ 10%；The sum of each composition quality percentage is 100%, should
Conductivity of the slag system in 1900K is 460 Ω-1m-1；
(2) slag charge is put into resistance furnace after mixing to toast, after toasting 5h at 600 DEG C, closes power supply by slag
Material cools down with stove, removes the moisture in slag charge, spare；
Step 2, preparation work：
(1) insertion depth of packing ratio and electrode is determined：A diameter of 600mm of current-conductive mold, electrode diameter are
450mm, the insertion depth of electrode are 20mm, packing ratio 0.56；
(2) heelpiece that 25mm thickness materials are all D2 steel is placed on to the bottom water tank center of electroslag furnace, places and draws on heelpiece
Arc agent, tile part slag charge around striking agent；Wherein, the quality of part slag charge is the 2% of slag charge gross mass to be dealt with；
Striking agent is CaF2And TiO2The mixture obtained after fritting, in mass ratio, CaF2∶TiO2=50: 50.
(3) current-conductive mold is located on the water tank of bottom and carries out centering；
Step 3, current-conductive mold electroslag remelting：
(1) K3 and K1 switches are closed, disconnect K2 switches, it is power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank to make current path
After the solid-state starting the arc method starting the arc, remaining slag charge is added in current-conductive mold in batches for → power supply, carries out slugging；
(2) after slag charge is all melting down, melting current and remelting voltage are set, carries out electroslag remelting, by K1, K2, K3 whole
It is closed, current path is (c), and current path is 2：Power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply, power supply → from
Power pole → slag charge → current-conductive mold → power supply；It is 40% by the allocation proportion of current-conductive mold and bottom water tank electric current：
60%, allocation proportion can directly be read by ammeter；Wherein, speed is melted for 400kg/h, and melting voltage is 65V, and melting electric current is
13200A；
(3) it in the esr process later stage, in order to ensure the Solidification Quality on ingot casting top, needs to carry out the benefit of decreasing power
Contracting operation under conditions of the ratio for ensureing fire door voltage/melting current is constant, while reduces fire door voltage and remelting in proportion
Electric current, electric current reduce 500A per 2min；It is powered off after remelting feeding operation, remelting D2 steel ingot castings are made in natural cooling.
Remelting D2 steel ingot casting manufactured in the present embodiment is diametrically longitudinally splitted, the ingot casting splitted is cut along vertical section
The longitudinal section of 15mm thickness, and with grinding machine sanding and polishing.Sample after polishing is invaded with 10: 1: 10 acid of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid aqueous solution
Erosion, and it is clean with washes of absolute alcohol.Then column crystal and axial angle are measured, measurement result is 38 °
Embodiment 4
A kind of method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction, electroslag remelting schematic diagram is as schemed
Shown in 1, the steel grade of selection is Cr5 steel, is specifically comprised the following steps：
Step 1, the preparation and baking of slag charge：
(1) the slag charge 140Kg of high conductivity is prepared；Wherein, slag charge contains ingredient and its mass percent ratio：：CaF2：50
~60%, CaO：10~20%, Al2O3：10~20%, MgO：2~5%, SiO2：2~5%；The sum of each composition quality percentage
It is 100%, conductivity of the slag system in 1900K is 340 Ω-1m-1；
(2) slag charge is put into resistance furnace after mixing to toast, after toasting 5h at 600 DEG C, closes power supply by slag
Material cools down with stove, removes the moisture in slag charge, spare；
Step 2, preparation work：
(1) insertion depth of packing ratio and electrode is determined：A diameter of 950mm of current-conductive mold, electrode diameter are
760mm, the insertion depth of electrode are 10mm, packing ratio 0.64；
(2) heelpiece that 28mm thickness materials are all Cr5 steel is placed on to the bottom water tank center of electroslag furnace, places and draws on heelpiece
Arc agent, tile part slag charge around striking agent；Wherein, the quality of part slag charge is slag charge gross mass to be dealt with
2%；Striking agent is CaF2And TiO2The mixture obtained after fritting, in mass ratio, CaF2∶TiO2=50: 50.
(3) current-conductive mold is located on the water tank of bottom and carries out centering；
Step 3, current-conductive mold electroslag remelting：
(1) K3 and K1 switches are closed, disconnect K2 switches, it is power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank to make current path
After the solid-state starting the arc method starting the arc, remaining slag charge is added in current-conductive mold in batches for → power supply, carries out slugging；
(2) after slag charge is all melting down, melting current and remelting voltage are set, carries out electroslag remelting, K1, K3 are closed, K2
It disconnects, current path is (a), and current path is power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply；It is crystallized by conduction
The allocation proportion of device and bottom water tank electric current is 0%：100%, allocation proportion can directly be read by ammeter；Wherein, molten speed is
780kg/h, melting voltage are 75V, and melting electric current is 20900A；
(3) it in the esr process later stage, in order to ensure the Solidification Quality on ingot casting top, needs to carry out the benefit of decreasing power
Contracting operation under conditions of the ratio for ensureing fire door voltage/melting current is constant, while reduces fire door voltage and remelting in proportion
Electric current, electric current reduce 500A per 5min；It is powered off after remelting feeding operation, remelting Cr5 steel ingot castings are made in natural cooling.
Remelting Cr5 steel ingot casting manufactured in the present embodiment is diametrically longitudinally splitted, the ingot casting splitted is cut along vertical section
The longitudinal section of 15mm thickness, and with grinding machine sanding and polishing.By the sample after polishing with 1: 3 the cold acid etch of aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and
It is clean with washes of absolute alcohol.Then column crystal and axial angle are measured, measurement result is 45 °.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction, which is characterized in that specifically include as
Lower step：
Step 1, the preparation and baking of slag charge：
(1) slag charge of high conductivity is prepared, the conductivity of the slag charge of high conductivity in 1900K is 300~500 Ω-1m-1；
(2) after slag charge being toasted 4~6h at 600~800 DEG C, slag charge cools down with stove, spare；
Step 2, preparation work：
(1) insertion depth of packing ratio and electrode, the selection of packing ratio and electrode insertion depth, to current-conductive mold electroslag are determined
Remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction generates following influence：
In the case that other conditions are constant, with the increase of packing ratio, the ratio that electric current is flowed out from current-conductive mold increases, electric current
The ratio flowed out from bottom water tank reduces, and the solidified structure of ingot casting and the angle of vertical direction reduce therewith；
In the case that other conditions are constant, as electrode insertion depth increases, the ratio that electric current is flowed out from current-conductive mold reduces,
The ratio increase that electric current is flowed out from bottom water tank, the solidified structure of ingot casting and the angle of vertical direction increase therewith；
(2) heelpiece is placed on to the bottom water tank center of electroslag furnace, striking agent, part of tiling around striking agent are placed on heelpiece
Slag charge；
(3) current-conductive mold is located on the water tank of bottom and carries out centering；
Step 3, current-conductive mold electroslag remelting：
(1) it is closed and disconnects by switching, make current path for power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply, the starting the arc
Afterwards, remaining slag charge is added in current-conductive mold in batches, carries out slugging；
(2) after slag charge is all melting down, melting current and remelting voltage are set, carries out electroslag remelting, in esr process, is led to
It crosses switch to be closed with disconnecting setting electric current path, control is changed metal and melted by the allocation proportion of crystallizer and bottom water tank electric current
The shape and depth in pond, so as to control the direction of ingot solidification tissue；
Wherein：The current path is one kind in following (a) (b) or (c) kind mode：(a), current path for power supply → from
Power pole → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply；(b), power supply → consutrode → slag charge → current-conductive mold → power supply；(c), it is electric
Flow path is 2：Power supply → consutrode → slag charge → bottom water tank → power supply, power supply → consutrode → slag charge → conduction crystallization
Device → power supply；
(3) it being powered off after the esr process later stage, progress electroslag remelting feeding operation, remelting ingot casting is made in natural cooling,
In, electroslag remelting feeding operation is under conditions of the ratio for ensureing fire door voltage/melting current is constant, while is reduced in proportion
Fire door voltage and melting current；
The esr process melts speed and is determined by empirical equation v=(0.5~0.7) D, wherein：V- melts speed；D- crystallizers
Diameter.
2. the method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction according to claim 1, feature
It is, in the step 1, slag charge is put into resistance furnace after mixing and is toasted, removes the moisture in slag charge.
3. the method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction according to claim 1, feature
It is, in the step 2, the material of heelpiece is identical with required smelting steel grade material, and thickness is 20~30mm.
4. the method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction according to claim 1, feature
It is, in the step 2, striking agent is CaF2And TiO2The mixture obtained after fritting, in mass ratio, CaF2∶TiO2=
(40~60): (40~60).
5. the method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction according to claim 1, feature
It is, in the step 2, the quality of part slag charge is the 1~2% of slag charge gross mass to be dealt with.
6. the method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction according to claim 1, feature
It is, in the step 3, by setting electric current path, control passes through crystallizer and the side of the allocation proportion of bottom water tank electric current
Method is：When selecting current path (a), electric current all flows through bottom water tank, and the solidified structure of ingot casting and the angle of vertical direction are maximum；
When selecting current path (b), electric current all flows through current-conductive mold, and the solidified structure of ingot casting and the angle of vertical direction are minimum；
There is electric current to flow through when selecting current path (c), on current-conductive mold and bottom water tank, the solidified structure of ingot casting and vertical direction
Angle is between the angle of current path (a) and the angle of current path (b).
7. the method in current-conductive mold electroslag remelting control ingot solidification tissue direction according to claim 1, feature
It is, in the step 3, starting the arc method is solid-state starting the arc method.
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| CN108372286B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-08-27 | 东北大学 | A kind of electroslag remelting process prepares the device and method of bimetallic composite roll |
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| CN110983064B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-10-12 | 北京首钢吉泰安新材料有限公司 | Method and equipment for improving surface quality of titanium-containing electroslag steel ingot |
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| US3804150A (en) * | 1971-03-18 | 1974-04-16 | B Paton | Apparatus for electroslag remelting |
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