CN106267398A - 一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管、控制系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管、控制系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN106267398A
CN106267398A CN201610766212.XA CN201610766212A CN106267398A CN 106267398 A CN106267398 A CN 106267398A CN 201610766212 A CN201610766212 A CN 201610766212A CN 106267398 A CN106267398 A CN 106267398A
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CN106267398B (zh
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解启莲
姚威
解正开
余洪龙
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Anhui Xianfang Medical Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Tongling Bionic Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管、控制系统及其控制方法,包括圆柱形管体,在管体内沿中心轴线有血液通道,所述血液通道靠近管体两端为直线形,上端为血液正出口,下端为血液进口,血液通道中间部分为S形,在S形通道靠近弯曲处上侧沿血流方向设置有侧逆出口,所述侧逆出口一端与血液通道连通,另一端与所述正出口方向相反并穿过管体外壁。通过在S形通道靠近弯曲处设置侧逆出口,当血液顺着S形通道流动时,一部分从正出口流出,另一部分从侧逆出口流出,使经过氧合后的血液分别顺着两个方向流动,不仅保障下肢血流,还能保证冠状动脉与主动脉弓分支动脉的血氧供应,使冠状动脉、上肢、脑组织和下肢血氧供应均匀,避免“南北综合征”。

Description

一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管、控制系统及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及人工输氧领域,具体涉及一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管、控制系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO),简称膜肺,是一种源于心外科手术时的体外循环技术,本质是一种改良的人工心肺机,是抢救垂危患者生命的新技术。ECMO的最核心的设备是膜氧合器和血泵,分别起人工肺和心的作用。ECMO主要用于严重的呼吸疾病、循环疾病及心肺复苏。应指出,ECMO本身并不治疗原发病,仅对其他治疗发挥作用提供宝贵的时间,因此疗效与疾病种类密切相关。
ECMO进展主要体现在两个方面:(1)应用范围扩大,从新生儿逐步扩大到儿童及成人,涉及病种也不断增加。(2)技术设备改进,膜氧合器、泵和管道是ECMO的关键组件。Kolobow硅胶膜氧合器已在临床应用了30多年,与有侧孔中空纤维膜氧合器相比,具有性能可靠、使用时问长的优点,但硅胶膜对血小板有较大的亲和力,易造成血小板减少及膜氧合器阻力增加。新型无侧孔中空纤维膜氧合器,具有阻力低的优点,经过处理的纤维表面有抗血栓形成的作用。过去常规使用滚压泵,现在常采用可长时间使用的离心泵,后者可产生更大的推动力。这些改进提高了疗效,采用新工艺后,引血管道壁更薄,内径更大,有利于增加引血量。
ECMO运转方式包括VV通路和VA通路,前者主要用于体外呼吸支持,后者用于呼吸循环支持。随着肺表面活性物质、一氧化氮及高频通气技术的应用,用于呼吸衰竭支持的应用逐渐减少,而作为心力衰竭的支持手段逐渐增多,即VA模式的ECMO支持系统在临床中的应用日益广泛,并趋于微创化。VA-ECMO常用的插管方式有两种:周围插管(股动-静脉插管、颈内静脉-颈总动脉插管)和中心插管(右心房-升主动脉插管),其中微创法动脉置管可选择颈动脉或股动脉。由于颈动脉插管风险相对较大,目前临床上在行微创介入诊疗时倾向于选择股动脉置管。但由于目前ECMO的股动脉插管为一直向导管,相对较短,经体外循环后的血流不易到达升主动脉,仅能保障下肢血流,难以保证冠状动脉与主动脉弓分支动脉的血氧供应,从而出现冠状动脉、上肢和脑组织灌注不充分,而下肢氧血相对过多现象,造成“南北综合征(north-south syndrome)”;另一方面,由于目前股动脉插管为一直向导管,即使经体外循环后的血流能够到达升主动脉,因经股动脉置管后导管出口的直向血流方向与主动脉顺向血流发生对冲,影响主动脉瓣的开闭及左心室功能,进一步降低了主动脉顺向血流的供血效率。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述问题,提供一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管、控制系统及其控制方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现:
一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管,包括圆柱形管体,管体上端为针尖形,在管体内沿中心轴线有血液通道,其特征在于:所述血液通道靠近管体两端为直线形,上端为血液正出口,下端为血液进口,血液通道中间部分为S形,在S形通道靠近弯曲处上侧沿血流方向设置有侧逆出口,所述侧逆出口一端与血液通道连通,另一端与所述正出口方向相反并穿过管体外壁。
当血液顺着S形通道流动时,一部分从正出口流出,另一部分从侧逆出口流出,从而使经过氧合后的血液分别顺着两个方向流动,不仅保障下肢血流,还能保证冠状动脉与主动脉弓分支动脉的血氧供应,使冠状动脉、上肢、脑组织和下肢血氧供应均匀,避免“南北综合征”。
所述侧逆出口靠近血液出口端内壁上设置凸起,通过所述凸起引导血流方向竖直朝下。
通过对冠状动脉、上肢、脑组织和下肢血氧中氧浓度的检测,在所述S形通道一侧或两侧间隔设置多个侧逆出口。
一种含有所述辅助循环用双向动脉导管的控制系统,该控制系统包括动脉导管,输血管,蝶阀,流量计,控制器,控制面板;所述动脉导管管体血液进口端通过软管与输血管连接,所述流量计、蝶阀依次设置在所述输血管侧面上并与所述控制器连接,控制器与所述控制面板连接。
通过在控制面板上设定通入动脉导管管体内的血流量,控制器控制蝶阀开启一角度,同时流量计检测通过输血管的血流量并将结果反馈到控制器,控制器根据反馈结果再调整蝶阀开启角度,直到流量计检测到的流量等于设定流量值。
一种利用所述控制系统的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、将所述动脉导管管体插入到动脉中,并做好止血消毒等辅助工作;
2)、在所述控制面板上设定通入动脉导管管体内的血流量为一设定值;
3)、所述控制面板将信号传输到控制器,控制器控制蝶阀开启并向动脉导管管体内输送血液,同时流量计检测通过输血管的血流量并将数值结果反馈到控制器,当血流量大于设定值时,控制器发出使蝶阀角度开启减小命令,当血流量小于设定值时,控制器发出使蝶阀角度开启增大命令,直到流量计检测到的血流量等于设定值。
本发明的有益效果为:通过在S形通道靠近弯曲处设置侧逆出口,当血液顺着S形通道流动时,一部分从正出口流出,另一部分从侧逆出口流出,从而使经过氧合后的血液分别顺着两个方向流动,不仅保障下肢血流,还能保证冠状动脉与主动脉弓分支动脉的血氧供应,使冠状动脉、上肢、脑组织和下肢血氧供应均匀,避免“南北综合征”。
附图说明
图1为本发明双向动脉导管剖面图;
图2为带有多个侧逆出口的双向动脉导管剖面图;
图3为该双向动脉导管控制系统示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
如图1所示,一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管,包括圆柱形管体1,管体1上端为针尖形以便插入到动脉中,在管体1内沿中心轴线有血液通道3,血液通道3靠近管体1两端为直线形,上端为血液正出口2,下端为血液进口5,血液通道3中间部分为S形,在S形通道靠近弯曲处上侧沿血流方向设置有侧逆出口4,侧逆出口4一端与血液通道3连通,另一端与正出口2方向相反并穿过管体1外壁,当血液顺着S形通道流动时,一部分从正出口2流出,另一部分从侧逆出口4流出,从而使经过氧合后的血液分别顺着两个方向流动,不仅保障下肢血流,还能保证冠状动脉与主动脉弓分支动脉的血氧供应,使冠状动脉、上肢、脑组织和下肢血氧供应均匀,避免“南北综合征”。
在侧逆出口4靠近血液出口端内壁上设置凸起41,通过凸起41引导血流方向竖直朝下。
通过对冠状动脉、上肢、脑组织和下肢血氧中氧浓度的检测,可以在S形通道一侧或两侧间隔设置多个侧逆出口4,如图2所示。
如图3所示,一种含有该辅助循环用双向动脉导管的控制系统,包括动脉导管,输血管8,蝶阀10,流量计9,控制器11,控制面板12;动脉导管管体1插入到动脉6中,管体1血液进口5通过软管7与输血管8连接,在输血管8侧面上依次设置有流量计9、蝶阀10,流量计9、蝶阀10分别与控制器11连接,控制器11与控制面板12连接,通过在控制面板12上设定通入动脉导管管体1内的血流量,控制器11控制蝶阀10开启一角度,流量计9检测通过输血管8的血流量并将结果反馈到控制器11,控制器11根据反馈结果再调整蝶阀10开启角度,直到流量计9检测到的流量等于设定流量值。
一种利用所述控制系统的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、将动脉导管管体1插入到动脉6中,并做好止血消毒等辅助工作;
2)、在控制面板12上设定通入动脉导管管体1内的血流量为一设定值;
3)、控制面板12将信号传输到控制器11,控制器11控制蝶阀10开启并向动脉导管管体1内输送血液,同时流量计9检测通过输血管8的血流量并将数值结果反馈到控制器11,当血流量大于设定值时,控制器11发出使蝶阀10角度开启减小命令,当血流量小于设定值时,控制器11发出使蝶阀10角度开启增大命令,直到流量计9检测到的血流量等于设定值。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例,并不用来限制本发明,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (5)

1.一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管,包括圆柱形管体,管体上端为针尖形,在管体内沿中心轴线有血液通道,其特征在于:所述血液通道靠近管体两端为直线形,上端为血液正出口,下端为血液进口,血液通道中间部分为S形,在S形通道靠近弯曲处上侧沿血流方向设置有侧逆出口,所述侧逆出口一端与血液通道连通,另一端与所述正出口方向相反并穿过管体外壁。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管,其特征在于:所述侧逆出口靠近血液出口端内壁上设置凸起。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种辅助循环用双向动脉导管,其特征在于:所述S形通道一侧或两侧间隔设置多个侧逆出口。
4.一种含有权利要求1所述的辅助循环用双向动脉导管的控制系统,其特征在于:该控制系统包括动脉导管,输血管,蝶阀,流量计,控制器,控制面板;所述动脉导管管体血液进口端通过软管与输血管连接,所述流量计、蝶阀依次设置在所述输血管侧面上并与所述控制器连接,控制器与所述控制面板连接。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的控制系统的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、将所述动脉导管管体插入到动脉中,并做好止血消毒等辅助工作;
2)、在所述控制面板上设定通入动脉导管管体内的血流量为一设定值;
3)、所述控制面板将信号传输到控制器,控制器控制蝶阀开启并向动脉导管管体内输送血液,同时流量计检测通过输血管的血流量并将数值结果反馈到控制器,当血流量大于设定值时,控制器发出使蝶阀角度开启减小命令,当血流量小于设定值时,控制器发出使蝶阀角度开启增大命令,直到流量计检测到的血流量等于设定值。
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