CN106267337A - 一种多巴胺基梯度功能材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多巴胺基梯度功能材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种多巴胺基梯度功能材料的制备方法。本发明以多巴胺(DA)为功能基团,利用其化学反应性、氧化自聚性和黏附性制备具有多级孔道和梯度结构的功能材料。首先,用DA接枝改性海藻酸(Alg)制备得到具有优异黏附性能的生物改性大分子海藻酸‑多巴胺(Alg‑DA);再将DA在弱碱性缓冲溶液中通过氧化自聚组装成均一粒径的聚多巴胺(PDA)粒子;然后,将不同浓度的Alg‑DA与PDA粒子相互作用形成一级交联结构后,通过叠层冷冻干燥法制备得到梯度功能材料;进而利用钙离子对其进行再次交联,进一步调节材料的交联度及孔隙率。该种多巴胺基梯度功能材料为制备理想组织复合材料提供了新的途径;本发明制备得到的梯度功能材料具有较高的机械性能、优异生物相容性、生物降解性、能有效提高吸收分离性能和软/硬组织的再生性能,在多功能分离、吸收膜和生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多巴胺基梯度功能材料的制备方法,属于高分子材料技术领域。
技术背景
自然界中的很多材料如木材、竹子、骨骼等材料的结构都为典型的多孔梯度结构。其结构沿厚度方向有一侧到另一侧呈连续变化,从而使材料的性质和功能也呈连续变化的一种新型功能材料。梯度材料中孔隙结构致密的部分使材料具有足够的强度,孔隙结构疏松部分则能有效降低材料的密度。由于梯度多孔功能聚合物材料的不同部位具有不同的结构和性能,可应用于建筑材料和多功能分离或吸收膜等领域,其仿生梯度结构使得该类材料在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。
由于高分子材料自身的特点,制备高聚物梯度材料远比制备金属材料和陶瓷等无机材料难度大。因此,迄今为止,在金属、陶瓷等无机材料领域,梯度功能材料的研究较为广泛;相比之下,有关聚合物梯度材料的制备的报道还较少。科学家们通过等离子喷涂法、激光熔敷法、光共聚法、互穿网络法、纤维排列、叠层填充法、致孔剂填充法和相分离法等方法制备了基于胶原蛋白、丝素蛋白、壳聚糖、聚乳酸及其与羟基磷灰石的梯度结构材料。这些研究所取得的成果对梯度材料的发展起到了很重要的推动作用。然而,梯度材料中还存在一些难以忽视的问题,如制备方法的简捷化、梯度结构的稳定性、足够支撑组织的力学强度等。因此,通过精确的结构设计及制备过程的调控,简单快速地构建结构和性能更加稳定、具有较高强度和梯度结构的支架材料,并探索其内部结构、形态及其与细胞间的相互作用,开展这些方面的系统性基础研究具有重要的意义。
本专利发明基于多巴胺的化学反应性、氧化自聚性和黏附性,发明了一种简单快速的构筑梯度功能材料的制备方法。本发明以多巴胺(DA)改性海藻酸(Alg)制备得到具有优异黏附性能的生物改性大分子海藻酸-多巴胺(Alg-DA),将不同浓度的Alg-DA与粒径可控、分散均一的聚多巴胺粒子(PDA)相互作用形成一级交联结构并通过叠层冷冻干燥法层层构筑制备多巴胺基梯度结构的功能材料,利用钙离子对其进行再次交联,进一步调节交联度及孔隙率,该种梯度材料具有较高的机械性能、优异生物相容性、生物降解性、能有效提高吸收分离性能和软/硬组织的再生性能,在多功能分离、吸收膜和生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种多巴胺基梯度功能材料的制备方法,得到的材料具有孔隙率可调、优异的机械性能、优异的生物相容性、生物可降解性、能有效促进骨组织再生、提高吸收分离性能。
本发明的设计思路是:利用多巴胺(DA)改性海藻酸(Alg)的可反应性,将其与海藻酸发生酰胺化反应得到生物改性大分子海藻酸-多巴胺(Alg-DA);再利用DA的氧化自聚和粘附性,Alg-DA与PDA粒子间存在相互作用形成交联结构,通过叠层冷冻干燥法构筑梯度结构的材料,并用钙离子进一步交联调节其交联度和孔隙率得到多巴胺基梯度功能材料。
本发明的技术方案为:通过酰胺化反应,利用具有氧化自聚和优异黏附性能的DA改性Alg,合成生物改性大分子海藻酸-多巴胺(Alg-DA);将其溶于pH为5.5的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)配制成不同浓度的Alg-DA溶液,利用DA中的邻苯二酚基团与粒径可控、分散均一的PDA粒子间的相互作用形成一级交联结构,进而通过叠层冷冻干燥法层层构筑制备多巴胺基梯度功能材料;最后利用钙离子对梯度材料进行再次交联,进一步调节其交联度及孔隙率,交联后用超纯水洗涤,冷冻干燥48h,得到Alg-DA/PDA梯度功能材料。
其中,酰胺化反应中海藻酸与多巴胺的投料比为2:1~1:5,合成得到的海藻酸-多巴胺中多巴胺的取代度为18.9~58.7%;pH为5.5的磷酸盐缓冲液配制的Alg-DA的浓度分别为2%,3%和4%;PDA粒子的浓度为0.1%。
构筑梯度功能材料时所用的叠层冷冻干燥法过程为先将2mL浓度为4%的Alg-DA/PDANPs均匀加入到模具中并用液氮迅速冷冻,然后将2mL浓度为3%的Alg-DA/PDA NPs均匀倒入底层已冻结的材料上并迅速冷冻,最后将2mL浓度为2%的Alg-DA/PDA NPs加入到第二层已冻结的材料上,待顶层溶液冷冻完毕后,将材料取出,放入冷冻干燥机中,冷冻干燥48h,最后用5%的钙离子进一步交联,交联后用超纯水洗涤,冷冻干燥48h,得到层与层支架结合紧密的Alg-DA/PDA梯度功能材料。所得梯度功能材料的顶层、中间层和底层的孔隙率分别为74~76%,69~71%和68~70%。
本发明的有益效果:通过叠层冷冻干燥法简单、快速的制备梯度结构的功能材料,为梯度材料的制备提供一种新方法。构筑梯度材料时加入疏水性组分聚多巴胺粒子,改善亲水性生物大分子的快速降解行为,减缓了支架材料的降解速度,使其与修复组织的生长相匹配;利用多巴胺的黏附性,使支架材料与组织界面快速结合,使得制备得到的梯度功能材料具有优异生物相容性、优异细胞黏附性、能有效促进骨组织再生性能、提高吸收分离性能。
附图说明
图1海藻酸-多巴胺的核磁共振谱图
图2聚多巴胺粒子的SEM和TEM图
图3梯度功能材料照片(a)及其每层的SEM图(b)
具体实施方式
实施例1、海藻酸-多巴胺(Alg-DA)改性大分子的合成
称取1g海藻酸(Alg),装入三口烧瓶中,加入100mL PBS缓冲液(50mM,pH=5.5.),常温搅拌溶解,待完全溶解后,依次加入1.94g EDC和2.32g NHS,n(COOH)/n(EDC)/n(NHS)=1/2/4,室温活化30min后加入4.79盐酸多巴胺(DA),反复抽真空、通氮气三次,以排除空气防止DA氧化,在氮气氛围下室温反应24h,停止反应后在去离子水中透析以除去催化剂及未反应单体,至透析液中无多巴胺紫外吸收峰后冷冻干燥得到白色棉花状生物改性大分子Alg-DA。
实施例2、聚多巴胺粒子(PDA)的制备
将1.5mL的氨水加入到乙醇(40mL)和超纯水(90mL)的混合溶液中,在30℃下搅拌30min,然后将0.5g多巴胺溶解在10mL超纯水中加入到以上溶液中,30℃下反应24h,所得产物透析后冷冻干燥即得到PDA粒子。
实施例3、多巴胺基梯度功能材料的制备
将Alg-DA溶于pH为5.5的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)配制浓度分别为2%,3%和4%的Alg-DA溶液,分别加入20mg PDA粒子到以上溶液中,机械搅拌4h。首先将2mL浓度为4%的Alg-DA/PDA粒子均匀加入到模具中并用液氮迅速冷冻,然后将2mL浓度为3%的Alg-DA/PDA粒子均匀倒入第一层已冻结的材料上并迅速冷冻,最后将2mL浓度为2%的Alg-DA/PDA粒子加入到第二层已冻结的材料上,待第三层溶液冷冻完毕后,将材料取出,放入冷冻干燥机中冻干,冻干后的材料用5%的CaCl2进行交联,交联后的样品用超纯水洗涤并再次冷冻干燥48h即得到Alg-DA/PDA梯度功能材料。
Claims (6)
1.一种多巴胺基梯度功能材料的制备方法,其特征在于以多巴胺为功能基团,利用其化学反应性、氧化自聚性和黏附性制备具有多级孔道和梯度结构的功能材料;首先,用多巴胺接枝改性海藻酸制备得到具有优异黏附性能的生物改性大分子海藻酸-多巴胺;再将多巴胺在氨水溶液中通过氧化自聚组装成均一粒径的聚多巴胺粒子;然后,将不同浓度的海藻酸-多巴胺与聚多巴胺粒子相互作用形成一级交联结构后,通过叠层冷冻干燥法制备得到梯度结构的材料;进而利用钙离子对其进行再次交联得到梯度功能材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于叠层冷冻干燥法过程是首先将2mL浓度为4%的海藻酸-多巴胺/聚多巴胺粒子均匀加入到模具中并用液氮迅速冷冻,得到底层材料;然后将2mL浓度为3%的海藻酸-多巴胺/聚多巴胺粒子均匀倒入底层已冻结的材料上并迅速冷冻,得到中间层材料;最后将2mL浓度为2%的海藻酸-多巴胺/聚多巴胺粒子加入到第二层已冻结的材料上,待顶层溶液冷冻完毕后,将材料取出,放入冷冻干燥机中,冷冻干燥48h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于海藻酸与多巴胺的投料比为2:1~1:5,多巴胺在生物改性大分子海藻酸-多巴胺中的取代度为18.9~58.7%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于海藻酸-多巴胺在pH为5.5的磷酸盐缓冲中的浓度分别为2%,3%和4%,聚多巴胺粒子的浓度为0.1%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于海藻酸-多巴胺的所得梯度功能材料的顶层、中间层和底层的孔隙率分别为74~76%,69~71%和68~70%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于制备得到的多巴胺基梯度材料的层与层之间结合紧密,压缩强度较高、生物相容性优异,能有效提高吸收分离性能和软/硬组织的再生性能,在多功能分离、吸收膜和生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。
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