CN106251843A - Musical sound method for determining position in stringed musical instrument - Google Patents
Musical sound method for determining position in stringed musical instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN106251843A CN106251843A CN201610633266.9A CN201610633266A CN106251843A CN 106251843 A CN106251843 A CN 106251843A CN 201610633266 A CN201610633266 A CN 201610633266A CN 106251843 A CN106251843 A CN 106251843A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10G—REPRESENTATION OF MUSIC; RECORDING MUSIC IN NOTATION FORM; ACCESSORIES FOR MUSIC OR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. SUPPORTS
- G10G1/00—Means for the representation of music
- G10G1/02—Chord or note indicators, fixed or adjustable, for keyboard of fingerboards
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B15/00—Teaching music
- G09B15/001—Boards or like means for providing an indication of chords
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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- Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is musical sound method for determining position in stringed musical instrument, relates to stringed musical instrument field.The method be by 1,2,3,4,5,6,7(pronounce Duo, lai, mi, fa, suo, la, xi) seven cents become 12 semitones, with the common ratio X=of twelve-tone equal temperamentThe first power of=1.059463, quadratic power, cube ... ten first powers, ten quadratic powers remove chord length L respectively can obtain 12 different D values, on the basis of bridge, on string, measure each D value and make a mark in the position of suitably (eye-catching), the quasi-sound corresponding point that this labelling is on string.The phenomenon inaccurate with sound after the method almost can disappear, particularly suitable to abecedarian and amateurish musician.The method is accurate and visual, and the difficult problem that string music musician overcomes sound inaccurate has help greatly.The method is also for the repairing of stringed musical instrument of band product with manufacture and design and provide rationale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to stringed musical instrument field, including bowed instrument and part plucked instrument.
Background technology
Stringed musical instrument particularly bowed instrument, on string, the position of musical sound is all according to oneself audition and experience commander by musician
Finger pins what certain point determined on string, and its accuracy varies with each individual.On stringed musical instrument string, the position of musical sound depends primarily on
The ear of musician, if the congenital ear of musician is clever, has the highest comprehensibility to musical sound, and his progress of study will be more faster than ordinary person, is permitted
Many instinct for musics are exactly such people.But this is a few cases after all, most people can not grasp the accurate position of musical sound easily
Put, so that the sound of string pulling musician is forbidden problem to be a phenomenon the most universal, especially amateurish musician and abecedarian.And string pulling
Musician may often be such that again individually or goes with exercise with other string pulling musician, seldom instructs together with keyboard music or other quasi-music devices
Practicing, the most quasi-sound idea is thin, and inaccurate sound fills the air mutually, infects, and sound inaccurate at leisure is propagated its belief on a large scale, practised and thinking
Often, correct to get up to cause high effort for.Such as somebody is arduously many, and the time drawing qin is the longest, but the problem that sound is forbidden is deposited all the time
?.Slightly being compared with keyboard instrument by bowed instrument and will know that, the sound solving bowed instrument is forbidden problem to be extremely difficult
Thing, even this devotes oneself as long as life endures somebody.
The people doing music both knows about, either vocal music or instrumental music, and matter of utmost importance is that sound wants standard.What is standard？Mention standard,
Must there is individual standard, and this standard must also everybody be approved.Standard is exactly piano.Piano is known as the king of musical instrument, say, that
The musical sound of other musical instrument can find its diaphone (only for frequency) on piano, and in other words, other musical instrument is played out
The frequency of sound should match with the frequency of the diaphone of piano, be exactly otherwise inaccurate.Other musical instrument is often through piano small character
The a of one group1(a1=440Hz) as accordatura standard.Light has a standard not enough, all sound that musical instrument sends in performance
Must match by the musical sound corresponding with piano in terms of frequency.The sound that coincide is the most accurate, is exactly otherwise inaccurate.Due to bowed instrument
Particularity, the problem being fully solved sound in all playing inaccurate is not a nothing the matter.
It is one group that the key of piano is divided into 12 keys, and one group connects next class frequency and is arranged in order formation keyboard from low to high.
As can be known from Fig. 1, having 12 semitones from 1 to 7 (reading Duo to xi), the frequency of these 12 semitones meets a geometric progression
Rule, the common ratio of geometric progression is:
Several with the present invention relevant music noun it is described below: [musical sound] former finger certain frequency, sound melodious sound,
1234567 (containing ottava alta, low octave) during musical sound refers in particular to be in the sound of scale position, i.e. melody in this patent；[ottava alta, low
Octave] refer to that musical alphabet is identical, pitch difference octave, such as 1Ratio 1 ottava alta,Ratio 5 low octaves.Octave vibration frequency
The ratio of rate is 1:2；[semitone, whole tone] refers to the sound of adjacent two keys (containing black key) in keyboard instrument, and its pitch differs semitone, adjacent
Two semitones constitute a whole tone.In melody, 34 is semitone, 7Being semitone, remaining is all whole tone；[musical alphabet, sound group] keyboard
On each key have a changeless title, i.e. " C D E F G A B " (reading English words matronymic), this makes musical alphabet (black
Key sound name is shown in Fig. 2), on keyboard, every 12 keys (containing black key) constitute a sound group, and piano has seven complete sound groups；
[twelve-tone equal temperament] has another name called equal ratio, equal temperament, is calculated with a common ratio by 12 semitones in an octave, its common ratio[frequency] refers to the number of times of object vibration per second, and unit is hertz (Hz).Each musical sound not phase
It is that frequency is different with its basic reason.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide musical sound method for determining position in a kind of stringed musical instrument, can be by musical sound position by the method
Putting and mark out in stringed musical instrument accurate and visually, the difficult problem that string music musician overcomes sound inaccurate has help greatly, and using should
The phenomenon that after method, sound is inaccurate almost can disappear, and is also that repairing and the manufacture of the stringed musical instrument of band product provides rationale.
The present invention the technical scheme is that musical sound method for determining position in stringed musical instrument for achieving the above object, and it is special
Levy and be, comprise the following steps: (1) is the position standard on string by each semitone in the first of empty-chord sound octave and whole tone
Really calculating, the position of 12 semitones in first octave is successively at distance bridge L ÷ X, L ÷ X2、L÷X3、L
÷X4、L÷X5、L÷X6、L÷X7、L÷X8、L÷X9、L÷X10、L÷X11、L÷X12Position, wherein L refer to string slot mouth,
Mountain pass or the very heavy chord length to bridge, X is the common ratio of twelve-tone equal temperament(2) according to the knot in step (1)
Really, by ruling or labelling all or part of labelling in position of 12 semitones in first octave on stringed musical instrument
Out.
The further technical scheme of the present invention is: also determine the scale of second octave after described step (2)
The step of position, second octave position immediately first octave, its chord length L ,=L ÷ 2, the 12 of second octave
The position of individual semitone is successively in distance bridge L ' ÷ X, L ' ÷ X2、L’÷X3、L’÷X4、L’÷X5、L’÷X6、L’÷X7、L’÷
X8、L’÷X9、L’÷X10、L’÷X11、L’÷X12Position, then on stringed musical instrument by line or labelled mode by the
The position of 12 semitones in two octave is completely or partially marked.
After in the present invention i.e. stringed musical instrument, musical sound method for determining position has the advantages that the method using the present invention
Can mark out accurate and visual on stringed musical instrument for musical sound position, such musician is aware of musical sound before contact string in advance
Position, finger is calmed calmly, plays to one's heart's content, and accuracy in pitch is no longer hard nut to crack, advantageous particularly to abecedarian and amateurish musician；I.e.
Make the string music musician being have certain basis, certain level, it is also possible to utilize musical sound position mark, check the accuracy in pitch of oneself, in time
Pinpoint the problems, find room for improvement；Stringed musical instrument to those band product, can verify the accuracy of the position of product, repair for it
Reason and manufacture provide theoretical foundation.In a word, utilize intuitively and accurately musical sound position mark, to the performance level improving musician
It is of great benefit to, can avoid detours, take time less, it might even be possible to receive the effect got instant result.
With example, musical sound method for determining position in the present invention i.e. stringed musical instrument is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is numbered musical notation roll call and pitch graph of a relation；
Fig. 2 is that each key name of keyboard music claims；
Fig. 3 is to use in the present invention i.e. stringed musical instrument musical sound method for determining position to determine the signal of musical sound position in stringed musical instrument
Figure；
Element numbers illustrate: A-string slot mouth, mountain pass or very heavy position, B-string, C-bridge intersect with string and towards A that.
Detailed description of the invention
Musical sound method for determining position in the present invention i.e. stringed musical instrument, comprises the following steps: (1) determines empty-chord sound, measures L-value, L etc.
Intersect with string in string slot mouth, mountain pass or very heavy position to bridge and towards A distance between that (i.e. in Fig. 3 AC away from
From), as shown in Figure 3；(2) by each semitone in first octave and whole tone, the position on string calculates exactly
Come: the position of 12 semitones in first octave is successively at distance bridge L ÷ X, L ÷ X2、L÷X3、L÷X4、L÷X5、
L÷X6、L÷X7、L÷X8、L÷X9、L÷X10、L÷X11、L÷X12Position, wherein L refers to string slot mouth, mountain pass or very heavy
Intersect with string to bridge and towards that chord length of A, X is the common ratio of twelve-tone equal temperament(3) according to step
(2) result in, by line or 12 half in first octave below by empty-chord sound that label on stringed musical instrument
The position of sound is completely or partially marked.
As a example by violin, the enforcement overall process of the present invention be now discussed in detail:
(1) first measure L, from bridge intersect with string towards string slot mouth that to the chord length of string slot mouth, i.e. the distance of the CA in Fig. 3,
In this example, such as L=33cm；
(2) X is calculatedn, whereinN is the integer of 0-12, calculates X respectivelyn, insert in the table shown in table one；
(3) L ÷ X is calculated againn, result of calculation can as shown in Table 1 (must list, in order to check, check).
(4) by result of calculation in above-mentioned table one, musical sound position is determined: twelve-tone equal temperament is calculated by semitone, adjacent two
Semitone is a whole tone.Empty-chord sound is at X0Place, can be set to any one sound in scale.Empty-chord sound one sets, each sound in octave
Position is the most fixed according to value of calculation.Such as empty-chord sound is that 5,6 phonemes are put at distance bridge L ÷ X2At=29.40cm, 7 phonemes are put
At distance bridge L ÷ X4At=26.19cm,Phoneme is put at distance bridge L ÷ X5At=24.72cm,Phoneme is put in distance bridge
L÷X7At=22.02cm,Phoneme is put at distance bridge L ÷ X9At=19.62cm,Phoneme is put at distance bridge L ÷ X10=
18.52cm place,Phoneme is put at distance bridge L ÷ X12At=16.5cm.L÷X12Distance corresponding for=16.5cm is exactly chord length
Half at, must be the ottava alta sound of empty-chord sound.If empty-chord sound is 1, then 2,3,4,5,6,7,It is the most fixed that each phoneme is put
(table one).Notice that 34 is semitone, 7Being semitone, remaining is whole tone entirely, shown in Figure 3.
(5) measure the position determining musical sound on violin with ruler, and make marks on fingerboard.Because violin L is little,
Labelling is unsuitable too many, has three, four just (much the most unintelligible).With bridge as starting point when remembeing to take measurements.Labelling was both
Eye-catching, performance can not be affected again.Labelling, finger has been had to keep firmly in mind.As long as the position of forefinger, middle finger (or nameless) is accurate, add
Upper empty-chord sound is quasi-sound, and the accuracy in pitch of song would not have big problem.Musician selects labelling according to the situation of oneself, when crossing one section
Between can also increase or reduce labelling.
The most down calculate after first octave determining empty-chord sound, may further determine that second octave
Scale position: at this moment chord length L becomes L ', L '=L ÷ 2, and the position of 12 semitones of second octave is successively in distance
Bridge L ' ÷ X, L ' ÷ X2、L’÷X3、L’÷X4、L’÷X5、L’÷X6、L’÷X7、L’÷X8、L’÷X9、L’÷X10、L’÷
X11、L’÷X12Position, the computational methods of this step are identical with the method for first octave, describe the most in detail at this,
On stringed musical instrument, pass through line after having calculated again or label whole for the position of 12 semitones in second octave
Or portion markings is out.By that analogy, it is also possible to calculate the position of 12 semitones in the 3rd octave.
After calculating string music musical sound position by twelve-tone equal temperament and carry out labelling, have found for the problem solving sound inaccurate
Article one, good approach.If it was verified that the forefinger stopped, middle finger and nameless these three finger having 1-2 finger to begin
Stopping at musical sound position mark eventually, then coordinate empty string, an accuracy in pitch difficult problem for song will achieve a solution at short notice.If
Begining to learn, musical sound position mark to be made full use of, in terms of accuracy in pitch, jail is beaten on basis, root deeply could be full of leaves.Even having certain
Basis, the string music musician of certain level, it is also possible to utilize musical sound position mark, check the accuracy in pitch of oneself, pinpoint the problems in time, seek
Look for room for improvement.In a word, utilize intuitively and accurately musical sound position mark, the performance level improving musician is of great benefit to, can
To avoid detours, take time less, it might even be possible to receive the effect got instant result.Once there is a band, big before once performing
Violin is not able to come for some reason, again unmanned replacement, and inventor utilizes this method to carry out musical sound position mark on violoncello fingerboard exactly
Note, inventor has only just grasped violoncello phoneme with several days time, thus has replaced violoncellist.Owing to being aware of musical sound in advance
Accurate location, it is not necessary to worry the problem that accuracy in pitch is inaccurate, saved a lot of time.
Approach presented above inventor used on the musical instruments such as violin, violoncello, urheen, middle Hu, trichord, effect
The best, will not enumerate at this.
Musical instrument with product such as guitar, Chinese lute, Ruan, liuqin etc., the product pacified always have so one or two product problematic, use
In necessarily affect accuracy in pitch.Inventor had once used Ruan in one, and tonequality is pretty good, but the relative position of product is problematic, total in band
Send discord partials.Repair adjustment by inventor according to this method, improve, the most still using.Middle Ruan of having, guitar,
The musical instruments such as liuqin bridge position after long-term use has had moves, though the sound of the accurate and other product of empty-chord sound is forbidden, it is also possible to press
Principle above is adjusted.If the musical instrument product of band product differ with value of calculation too much, product can be knocked out and reinstall.Know
The road algorithm of product, also can be very helpful to the musical instrument manufacturing and designing band product.
Above example is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the method for the present invention is not limited to the feelings that above-described embodiment is enumerated
Shape, all made within the spirit and principles in the present invention any amendment, equivalent etc., should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.As in stringed musical instrument, musical sound method for determining position is applicable not only to bowed instrument, it is also applied for the stringed musical instrument of band product.
To this kind musical instrument the method, the accuracy that grade is put on the one hand can be verified, on the one hand can be to the position of product the most accurately
It is adjusted repairing.Cause after long-term over loading is used that bridge is moved, the qin that shifts can also carry out resetting and repair, and recovers sound
Accurate.The most helpful to manufacturing and designing of the stringed musical instrument of band product.
Claims (2)
1. musical sound method for determining position in stringed musical instrument, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps: (1) is by the first of empty-chord sound
Each semitone and whole tone position on string in octave are calculated exactly, 12 semitones in first octave
Position successively distance bridge L ÷ X, L ÷ X2、L÷X3、L÷X4、L÷X5、L÷X6、L÷X7、L÷X8、L÷X9、L÷X10、
L÷X11、L÷X12Position, wherein L refers to string slot mouth, mountain pass or the very heavy chord length to bridge, and X is the public affairs of twelve-tone equal temperament
Compare X==1.059463；(2) according to the result in step (1), by ruling or labelling first eight on stringed musical instrument
The position of 12 semitones in degree sound is completely or partially marked.
2. musical sound method for determining position in stringed musical instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step (2) it
The most also determine the step of the scale position of second octave, second octave position immediately first octave, its string
Long L,=L ÷ 2, the position of 12 semitones of second octave is successively in distance bridge L,÷X、L,÷X2、L,÷X3、L,÷
X4、L,÷X5、L,÷X6、L,÷X7、L,÷X8、L,÷X9、L,÷X10、L,÷X11、L,÷X12Position, more logical on stringed musical instrument
Cross line or the position of 12 semitones in second octave is completely or partially marked by labelled mode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610633266.9A CN106251843A (en) | 2016-08-04 | 2016-08-04 | Musical sound method for determining position in stringed musical instrument |
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| CN201610633266.9A CN106251843A (en) | 2016-08-04 | 2016-08-04 | Musical sound method for determining position in stringed musical instrument |
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| CN201610633266.9A Pending CN106251843A (en) | 2016-08-04 | 2016-08-04 | Musical sound method for determining position in stringed musical instrument |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109345904A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-15 | 卢世弟 | Chinese fiddle musical note calculates drawing and preparation method thereof and the application in Chinese fiddle study |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2678039Y (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-02-09 | 黄奇齐 | Huqin intonation device |
| CN2842610Y (en) * | 2005-04-23 | 2006-11-29 | 李森林 | National bow instrument phoneme fixing device |
| CN200947343Y (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2007-09-12 | 周俊达 | String with intonation positioning marker |
| CN201191500Y (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-02-04 | 刘方 | Sound calibrating Erhu |
-
2016
- 2016-08-04 CN CN201610633266.9A patent/CN106251843A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2678039Y (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-02-09 | 黄奇齐 | Huqin intonation device |
| CN2842610Y (en) * | 2005-04-23 | 2006-11-29 | 李森林 | National bow instrument phoneme fixing device |
| CN200947343Y (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2007-09-12 | 周俊达 | String with intonation positioning marker |
| CN201191500Y (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-02-04 | 刘方 | Sound calibrating Erhu |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109345904A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-15 | 卢世弟 | Chinese fiddle musical note calculates drawing and preparation method thereof and the application in Chinese fiddle study |
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