CN106249710B - A kind of research and application in Process of Chemical Cleaning and control method - Google Patents

A kind of research and application in Process of Chemical Cleaning and control method Download PDF

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CN106249710B
CN106249710B CN201610581636.9A CN201610581636A CN106249710B CN 106249710 B CN106249710 B CN 106249710B CN 201610581636 A CN201610581636 A CN 201610581636A CN 106249710 B CN106249710 B CN 106249710B
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cleaning
concentration
control
iron
research
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CN106249710A (en
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吴晋英
黄长山
徐会武
张敏
陈敏
孙彩霞
陈燕敏
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Energy Research Institute Co Ltd of Henan Academy of Sciences
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/41875Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by quality surveillance of production
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/78Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
    • G01N5/04Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder

Abstract

The invention discloses the research and applications and control method in a kind of Process of Chemical Cleaning, belong to chemical cleaning technique field.It includes slimes dispersant, cleaning and descaling, the research and application in three technical process of passivation film and control method, especially to the chemical cleaning method of pickling.During slimes dispersant, control iron concentration is realized with analysis iron concentration by visual observation;The research and application of cleaning and descaling process and control add concentration by concentration of lotion(Inlet concentration)With cleaning solution circulation composition(Rinse liquid outlet concentration), iron concentration analysis and control realize;The analysis of passivation film process is detected and controlled through research and application iron ion and pH value realization.The method increase cleaning qualities and speed, reduce cleaning cost, are conducive to promote and apply.

Description

A kind of research and application in Process of Chemical Cleaning and control method
Technical field
The present invention relates to points in three slimes dispersant, cleaning and descaling, passivation film technical process in a kind of chemical cleaning Analysis and control method, especially for the chemical cleaning method of pickling, which belongs to chemical cleaning technique field.
Background technology
Chemical cleaning mainly chemically, industrial and civil boiler inside and outside to industrial cycle wetting system, in It entreats the incrustation scale in air-conditioning system equipment to carry out cleaning and descaling etc., is the emerging industry risen earlier 1990s, application Field includes numerous industries such as petrochemical industry, chemical industry, metallurgy, coal, electric power, machine-building, food, pharmacy, papermaking, electronic information. With the rapid economic development in our country, the continuous improvement of industrialized level, large scale industry circulating water equipment uses increasingly extensive.This A little equipment are after use after a period of time, it may appear that scale problems, to influence the normal operation of equipment, therefore, it is necessary to this A little equipment are cleaned, to restore the original effect of these equipment.Cleaning to these equipment includes that physical cleaning and chemistry are clear It washes, currently used is chemical cleaning.Chemical cleaning is by using raw material to be divided into pickling and alkali cleaning, generally the most commonly used is acid wash, Following discussion is mainly described with pickling;It is divided into system (cooling system and coolant system) cleaning and host by cleaning parts (condenser, evaporator, exchanger etc.) cleans;And generally use wash cycles.Chemical cleaning is carried out to remove it is to be understood that equipment situation Outside, also to master cleaning process flow, wherein to slimes dispersant, cleaning and descaling, passivation film cleaning process research and application and Control is the essential step in cleaning.It is monitored and controlled by the slimes dispersant process and passivation film to cleaning process, Scavenging period can be saved, water consumption and dosage are reduced;By the analysis and control to cleaning and descaling process, can control clear Washing lotion concentration determines clean endpoint, cleanliness factor, dosage etc., so as to reduce cleaning agent dosage, reduces rate of corrosion, reduces Scavenging period, it is cost-effective, to reduce the generation of cleaning accident, ensure that cleaning process is normally carried out, is cleaning quality and effect Fruit provides technology and ensures.The existing H G/T 3778-2005 in China at present《Chemical Cleaning of Cooling Water System, pre-filming treatment technology Rule》、H G/T 2387-2007《Industrial equipment chemical cleaning quality standard》With TSG G5003-2008《Boiler Chemical Rule》Etc. in relevant criterions, in cleaning process analysis examination criteria and Con trolling index without clearly stipulate that only to rate of corrosion It provides, this is bound to cause the blindness of chemical cleaning, influences chemical cleaning quality, in addition the cleaning industry starting in China In evening, cleaning enterprise technology strength is irregular, for cleaning all blindly is carried out by experience, can usually cause detergent concentration mistake Greatly, corrosion is generated to equipment, it is serious that equipment refrigerant can be made to leak, so that equipment is not normally functioning;Clean endpoint cannot determine Amount determine, so that cleaning is in blindness state, therefore in chemical cleaning, in order to ensure cleaning quality, need to cleaning process into Row research and application and control.
Invention content
The drawbacks of for the above cleaning, the object of the present invention is to provide the analyses during a kind of chemical cleaning technology Monitoring and control method reduces cleaning cost to improve cleaning quality and speed.
To realize goal of the invention, the present invention is respectively to cleaning process --- slimes dispersant process, cleaning and descaling process, passivation Pre- membrane process carries out research and application and control respectively.Do not use the control and analysis for measuring turbidity during slimes dispersant, And control turbidity with indirect method.Because when carrying out cleaning systems, the color of recirculated water mainly caused by ferric ion, Therefore it can be controlled by visual observation with analysis iron concentration.1 hour tests an iron concentration, and control iron ion is dense Degree is 45-50mg/L.In the research and application and control of cleaning and descaling process, by concentration of lotion, iron concentration into Row control realizes that rate of corrosion is up to standard.Concentration of lotion mainly monitors acidity according to the characteristics of cleaning agent, and half an hour measures primary. The monitoring and control of detergent concentration include cleaning agent add concentration (inlet concentration) monitoring and control and cleaning agent cycle it is dense Spend the monitoring and control of (rinse liquid outlet concentration).It is (right in 0.5 ± 0.05 gram equivalent/L that concentration general control is added to cleaning agent It is equal to mol/L in hydrochloric acid medium);For cleaning agent circulation composition, set according to the empirically determined different cleaning of long-term chemical cleaning project It is standby to use different controlled concentration indexs.For example, by taking cleaning agent medium is inorganic acid as an example, air-conditioner host, material master are cleaned If copper and iron, so cleaning solution circulation composition is controlled in 0.10 ± 0.05 gram equivalent/L or so, and since cleaning host is last Lid cleaning is played, this step of slimes dispersant can be omitted;Cleaning system, since its material is mainly iron, and its pipeline is by each Field of employment, for construction safety, i.e. 0.001-0.01 gram equivalents/L or so between general control is 3-2 in pH.To iron ion Concentration measures once per half an hour, works as Fe2+When ion concentration is more than 1000mg/L, in moisturizing, drainage pattern carries out blowdown, To reduce Fe2+Content after lowering, then carries out dosing cleaning, when there is Fe3+When generation, by adding reducing agent and water discharge method Its concentration is reduced, is monitored, realizes that rate of corrosion is up to standard.It is to pass through research and application that the analysis of passivation film process, which detects and controls, Iron ion and pH value are realized.The content that an iron ion is detected per half an hour, when iron ion content is less than 50 ± 5mg/ L is added passivator and is passivated processing according to the water capacity of cleaning equipment, to iron material matter equipment pH value control to 10-11 it Between;To copper material equipment control ph to 9.
Cleaning agent main ingredient includes all kinds of inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid), sulfamic acid or its nitration mixture, Corrosion inhibiter and adjuvant can also be added.
Analysis method:
1. detergent concentration analysis method
It takes cleaning solution 10ml samples to be put into triangular flask with pipette, adds clear water about 25ml, add the red 3-5 drops of indicator bromomethyl, It fully shakes up, is titrated with standardised sodium hydroxide (0.1mol/l), be terminal until there is blue.Write down sodium hydroxide concentration (ml), concentration of lotion is calculated as follows:
In formula:The instant concentration of C------------------- cleaning solutions, mol/L;
CNaOH--- --- --- --- concentration of --- -- NaOH standard solution, mol/L;
VNaOH--- --- --- the NaOH standard solution volumes that --- ----consumes when titrating, ml;
V------------------ cleaning solution sample volumes, ml
2. iron concentration analysis method
Iron concentration analysis includes Fe3+And Fe2+Analysis.
a Fe3+It measures:Accurate absorption 2-10ml in 250ml conical flasks, uses distilled water through the filtered cleaning solution of filter paper It is diluted to 100ml, pH value is adjusted to 2-3 with 1+1 ammonium hydroxide and 1+4HCL, 10% sulfosalicylic acid of 1ml mass percentage concentrations is added Solution indicator is titrated to purplish red decoloration, the EDTA that record is consumed for the first time with 0.0100mol/L EDTA standard solution Volume V1
b Fe2+It measures:10% ammonium persulfate solution of 5ml mass percentage concentrations is added, continues to use 0.0100mol/L It is terminal, second of EDTA volumes V consumed of record that EDTA standard solution, which is titrated to purplish red decoloration,2.It calculates:
In formula:V1--- --- --- --- -- titrates Fe3+When (first time) EDTA standard solution volumes for being consumed, ml;
V2--- --- --- --- --- --- ----titrates Fe2+When the EDTA standard solution volumes that are consumed (for the second time), ml;
VCleaning solution--- --- --- ----taken cleaning solution volume, ml;
The molal weight of 56---------------Fe.
3. rate of corrosion is tested
A laboratory determination methods
According to HG/T 2387-2007《Industrial equipment chemical cleaning quality standard》Corrosion inhibiter corrosive nature is surveyed Examination, instrument are rotary hanging plate corrosion tester (Jiangsu Gaoyou new stamp instrument plant), and experimental temperature is room temperature, the time is rotating speed for 24 hours For 110r/min.(area S is 0.0028m to standard test piece A32).Test piece processing method is as follows:First by No. 320 water sands of test piece Paper front-rear direction on flat glass plate is polished, and carefully grinds off the small burr of seamed edge, then removes greasy dirt (note with acetone soak Meaning cleans dirt in test piece hanging hole), immersion lmin~2min, hot blast drying after taking-up in people's absolute ethyl alcohol are put after being dried with gauze It is put into dry device, test piece weighs after 1h spare.Claimed respectively using assay balance (weighing accuracy is scholar 0.0001) Weight, quality is referred to as w1, test piece is hung on rotary hanging plate corrosion tester, time started t is recorded1, taken immediately after experiment Go out, record take-off time (hour h2) eluted with clear water, suck moisture with filter paper, be put into absolute ethyl alcohol impregnate lmin~ 2min, after taking-up quickly drying place drier in, weighed with assay balance after 1h, quality is referred to as w2Corrosion rate is calculated (g/m2.h):η=(W1-W2)/S(h2–h1)
B on-the-spot test
Standard iron (copper) test piece is handled using processing method described in a laboratory determination methods, by processed standard iron (copper) test piece is weighed respectively using assay balance (weighings accuracy be scholar 0.0001), quality is referred to as w1, use plastic ties It fastens test piece to be put in rinse bath, be impregnated with cleaning solution under room temperature, write down cleaning time started (hour h1) after is to be cleaned It takes out immediately, record take-off time (hour h2) eluted with clear water, moisture is sucked with filter paper, is put into absolute ethyl alcohol and impregnates lmin ~2min, after taking-up quickly drying place people's drier in, weighed with assay balance after 1h, quality is referred to as w2Corrosion is calculated Rate (g/m2.h):η=(W1-W2)/S(h2–h1)。
Advantages of the present invention:1, the limitation of transmissometer instrument use environment condition is overcome during slimes dispersant, is used It measures iron concentration to replace, to control the slimes dispersant time, reduces scavenging period, saved water consumption.2, it is removed in cleaning During dirt, cleaning solution import and the loop control concentration of distinct device are had found, if host cleaning concentration of lotion is (with cleaning Agent is for hydrochloric acid) 0.1mol/L is dropped to using concentration by the acid of 5% original (i.e. 2mol/L), reduce the use of cleaning agent Amount, quantitative finds clean endpoint, reduces rate of corrosion, improves cleaning speed, has saved cleaning cost, ensure that cleaning matter Amount;3, during passivation film, by control iron concentration find be added passivator Best Times, reduce water consumption and Dosage.This method is conducive to improve chemical cleaning technology Cleaning Process quality and speed, reduces cleaning cost, has fine Application value.
Specific implementation mode
It is as follows for embodiment to be better illustrated to the present invention:
Embodiment 1 is cleaned by taking industrial cycle wetting system as an example using the method for the invention.Based on cleaning agent used It is the commercially available product of hydrochloric acid and corrosion inhibiter and adjuvant to want composition.
Step 1: the monitoring and control of slimes dispersant process.Slimes dispersant agent progress is first added in Process of Chemical Cleaning Cycle.It is controlled by visual observation with analysis iron concentration.1 hour tests an iron concentration, visually with water is clear or iron Ion concentration is less than 50mg/L.
Table 1:Slimes dispersant process-field is monitored to be recorded with control
As it can be seen from table 1 stopping the time of discharge water, the row of overcoming by analyzing quantitative the having found of iron concentration The blindness to discharge water reduces the discharge capacity for no reason of water, has saved and has used water, while decreasing the construction time and with water cost.
Step 2: the analysis of cleaning and descaling process detects and controls
1, the concentration analysis that adds of cleaning agent is monitored and controlled
The concentration that adds of control cleaning agent is to enter the concentration in wash cycles circuit to control it, prevents it from too high, In order to avoid the entrance of corrosion cleaning equipment, damages equipment.It is as follows specifically to detect and control method:Understand rinse product used The case where concentration, institute's cleaning equipment, rinse bath size;Determination adds concentration.Add a concentration of 0.5 under normal circumstances ± 0.05mol/L, calculating cleaning agent dosage is:Add water volume (L) ÷ detergent concentrations of concentration (mol/L) × rinse bath (mol/L), the dosage (L) of as cleaning agent.If detergent concentration is 4mol/L, rinse bath water is 100 liters, adds concentration For 0.5mol/L, then each dosage is 12.5 liters.
2, cleaning agent circulation composition is monitored and controlled
According to construction experience, general circulation cleaning system cleaning concentration control is in 0.001-0.01mol/L, host cleaning control In control, in 0.1mol/L ranges, dose concentration (mol/L) × (water volume of rinse bath+equipment appearance water in order to control is added in system Amount) L ÷ (detergent concentration) mol/L, the as dosage for the first time of cleaning agent.As detergent concentration is 4mol/ in following cases L, cleaning sump volume are 100 liters, and equipment water capacity is 200 tons, and system controlled concentration is 0.0015mol/L, then addition for the first time It is 75 liters;A concentration of lotion is measured per half an hour, variable quantity is reduced according to it, and determine therefrom that tonic amount, so that clearly Lotion concentration is maintained in a certain concentration control range;General concentration of lotion no longer becomes in control range in a hour Change, we, which can say, has reached clean endpoint, and cleaning process terminates, and equipment scale removal finishes.
3, the monitoring and control of iron concentration
In cleaning process, while to analyze Fe3+And Fe2+Concentration, specific method:General half an hour analysis is primary;When The Fe of analysis2+When ion concentration is more than 1000mg/L, it is oxidized to Fe in order to prevent3+, general using the drainage pattern in moisturizing Blowdown is carried out, to reduce Fe2+Content after lowering, then carries out dosing cleaning;When there is Fe3+When generation, to prevent corrosion from producing It is raw, it be by adding reducing agent and water discharge method to reduce its concentration.
The Site Detection data record that the air-conditioning system and air-conditioner host of certain unit are cleaned using the above method.
Table 2:System for field clean cycle concentration and iron ion monitoring are recorded with control
As can be seen from Table 2, under normal circumstances, since cleaning agent adds corrosion inhibiter, that detect is substantially Fe2+, If there is Fe3+It detects, at this moment will be handled, and be occurred with control corrosion rate;Table 3 is using the above method to certain unit air-conditioning Host cleans on-the-spot test and records data.
Table 3:Air-conditioner host clean-in-place liquid is monitored to be recorded with control
From table 2 and 3 it can be seen that calculating the dosage of control cleaning agent by analyzing, make its control in setting range, Make rate of corrosion (see embodiment 2,3) up to standard and according to cleaning ultimate density no longer changed to determine clean endpoint, unlike leaning on experience true Determine dosage and cleaning end time, reduces cleaning agent cost, improve cleaning speed, ensure that cleaning quality.
Step 3: the analysis of passivation film process detects and controls
Cleaning pre- film principle, to be passivation film agent generate one layer of phosphating coat in the metal surface cleaned, to metal with Oxygen in air and water is kept apart, to achieve the purpose that anti-corrosion.In order to reach good passivation film effect, need to its iron Ion and pH value are monitored and control.The specific method is as follows:
After the completion of chemical cleaning, circulation flushing is carried out to the equipment cleaned, it is every half small when visual water becomes clear gradually When detect the content of an iron ion, when iron ion content is less than 50mg/L, according to the water capacity of cleaning equipment, passivator is added It is passivated processing, iron material matter equipment pH value is controlled between 10-11;To copper material equipment control ph 9.Table 4 is this Construction site is invented to record passivation film process monitoring.
Table 4:System passivation film processing scene
From table 4, it can be seen that by research and application, the time that passivating solution is added is had found, blindly draining is overcome and rinses The drawbacks of, reduce the water waste being not necessarily to and construction time, saves water cost.
Embodiment 2:Air-conditioner host construction site corrosion rate is monitored and controlled
Certain clean-in-place corrosion test step and record:
1. area, W are weighed and are measured in a processed test piece1=21.7880g, S=0.0028m2
2. fastening test piece with plastic ties is put in (main ingredient salt in the rinse bath of present invention setting cleaning air-conditioner host concentration Acid), 2013 time starteds September 15 days 9:25
3. taking out 2013 standard test piece time September 16 days 9:25, scavenging period 24 hours.
4. with clear water rinse test piece it is clean after impregnated with alcohol, use a ten thousandth after then being placed 1 hour in drier Assay balance is weighed, and reading remains into after decimal point the 4th, record reading W2=21.7521g
5. testing corrosion rate:η=(W1-W2)/S.h=0.53g/m2.h;
Etch rate data 0.53g/m is surveyed it can be seen from test data2.h it is less than country HG/T2387-2007《Work Industry equipment chemical cleaning quality standard》Specified in 2g/m2.h。
Embodiment 3:Various concentration cleaning agent analyzes test to the corrosion rate of iron, copper
Cleaning agent at normal temperatures, is done 24 hours corrosion rotary hanging plates to copper, iron and tested by different concentration, experimental result It is as follows:
Table 5:Corrosion experiment of the different detergent concentrations to copper and iron
As can be seen from Table 5, with the increase of concentration of lotion, the rate of corrosion of iron, copper is increased, therefore can obtain control Concentration of lotion processed can ensure cleaning quality with control corrosion rate rate.
Embodiment 4:Influence of the iron ion to iron, copper in cleaning agent
In order to understand influence of the iron ion to iron, copper in cleaning solution, detergent solution of the present invention in 0.2mol/L is (main Composition hydrochloric acid) in be separately added into containing 200mg/L, 400mg/L, 600mg/L, 800mg/L, 1000mg/L, 1200mg/L Fe3+With Fe2+Standard solution does it and is tested to the corrosion coupon of copper, iron.It the results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6:Influence of the iron ion to iron, copper in 0.2mol/L cleaning agents
Fe as can be seen from Table 62+To the rate of corrosion of copper, iron with Fe2+The increase of addition is substantially at the trend of raising, with empty It is little compared to amplitude of variation in vain;Fe3+To the rate of corrosion of copper, iron with Fe3+Addition is added to raising trend, compared with blank Amplitude of variation is very big, so as to prove that iron concentration is monitored and analyzed in cleaning process to be ensured with control corrosion rate rate Construction quality.
Embodiment 5:Certain system construction scene slimes dispersant process record, the results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7:Certain system construction scene slimes dispersant process record
Embodiment 6:Cleaning boiler cleaning agent dosage under different controlled concentrations, the results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8:Cleaning boiler cleaning agent dosage under different controlled concentrations
Since the pharmaceutical quantities that incrustation scale consumes in boiler are certain, the amount for consuming medicament is certain, so dense controlling The difference of dosage under degree is exactly the amount of multi-purpose medicament.As can be seen from Table 8, in out-of-date methods, 5% hydrochloric acid, that is, 2mol/L concentration Under, it needs to use 1050 liters of cleaning agent, and 52.5 liters are only needed under controlled concentration of the present invention, less with 997.5 liters, cleaning agent presses 10 Member/liter, few 9975 yuan of consumption material.Meanwhile cleaning solution controlled concentration is high, is rinsed with water the time for reaching pre- film requirement than low control Concentration will be grown, and water consumption is also more, to increase water cost.

Claims (2)

1. the research and application in a kind of Process of Chemical Cleaning and control method, including it is slimes dispersant process, cleaning and descaling process, blunt Change pre- membrane process, it is characterized in that being, slimes dispersant process, cleaning and descaling process, passivation film process are analyzed respectively It is monitored and controlled, is realized especially by following steps:
Using visually turbidity is controlled with analysis iron concentration indirect method during slimes dispersant, tested at interval of 1 hour Iron concentration, control iron concentration are 45-50mg/L;
In the research and application and control of cleaning and descaling process, concentration is added to acid cleaner and is controlled, control 0.5 ± 0.05 gram equivalent/L;Cleaning agent circulation composition is controlled, if the control of cleaning host its cleaning solution circulation composition 0.10 ± 0.05 gram equivalent/L, if its cleaning solution circulation composition of cleaning system controls between pH is 3-2,0.001-0.01 gram equivalents/L; Iron concentration is measured once per half an hour simultaneously, works as Fe2+When ion concentration is more than 1000mg/L, the side of draining in moisturizing Formula carries out blowdown, to reduce Fe2+Content after lowering, then carries out dosing cleaning;When there is Fe3+When generation, by adding reduction Agent and water discharge method reduce its concentration, are monitored, and realize that rate of corrosion is up to standard;
In the analysis of passivation film process detects and controls, monitoring analysis iron concentration detects an iron per half an hour The content of ion, when iron ion content is less than 50 mg/L, according to the water capacity of cleaning equipment, addition passivator is passivated place Reason, while to the control of iron material matter equipment pH value between 10-11;To copper material equipment control ph 9.
2. the research and application in Process of Chemical Cleaning as described in claim 1 and control method, it is characterized in that being, acid cleaning Agent main ingredient is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfamic acid or its nitration mixture.
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