CN106246821B - 变速器总成 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种变速器总成。一种变速器的两个制动器利用变速器前支撑件作为离合器壳。一个制动器选择性地保持中心齿轮不旋转,位于前支撑件的圆筒壁的内部。另一制动器选择性地保持环形齿轮不旋转,位于圆筒壁的外部。内部制动器的离合器组花键连接到圆筒壁的内表面。第一离合器组的反作用片包括在圆筒壁的轴向爪之间延伸的径向爪。反作用片的延伸到圆筒壁外侧的部分将为外部制动器的回位弹簧提供反作用。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及机动车辆的自动变速器领域。更具体地,本公开涉及装配换挡元件的结构和方法。
背景技术
很多车辆在宽范围的车速(包括前进运动和倒车运动两者)下使用。然而,某些类型的发动机只能在较窄的速度范围内高效运转。所以,频繁使用能在多个传动比下高效传输动力的变速器。当车辆处于低速时,变速器通常在高传动比下运转,使得发动机扭矩倍增以提高加速度。处于高车速时,使变速器以低传动比运转,以允许与安静、燃料高效的巡航关联的发动机转速。
通常,变速器具有安装到车辆结构的壳体、通过发动机曲轴驱动的输入轴,以及通常经由差速器总成驱动车轮的输出轴,该差速器总成允许车辆转弯时左车轮和右车轮以稍微不同的转速旋转。多个齿轮传动元件(例如行星齿轮组)与输入轴、输出轴和壳体通过诸如制动器和离合器的多个换挡元件而相互连接。通过选择性地结合换挡元件的多个子集而建立多个变速器传动比。
一种普通类型的换挡元件是液压致动的多片湿式摩擦离合器。离合器组包括具有摩擦材料的多个摩擦片,所述多个摩擦片与多个分离片交替。摩擦片花键连接到其中一个元件以通过换挡元件选择性地结合,分离片花键连接到其他元件。为了接合离合器,向活塞施加液压压力,活塞进而向位于离合器组的一端的分离片施加轴向力。位于离合器组的相对端的分离片称为反作用片。反作用片被轴向地保持,以提供反作用力,使得来自活塞的力挤压分离片之间的摩擦片。当液压压力释放时,回位弹簧推动活塞远离离合器组以使换挡元件分离。
发明内容
一种变速器包括两个制动器,其利用固定到变速器壳的变速器前支撑件作为离合器壳。内部制动器包括第一离合器组,该第一离合器组包括花键连接到前支撑件的反作用片。外部制动器包括第二活塞,该第二活塞被构造成在前支撑件内滑动以压缩第二离合器组,第二离合器组可花键连接到变速器壳。用于第二活塞的回位弹簧装置对第一制动器的反作用片施加反作用。变速器还可包括行星齿轮组,其中,内部制动器选择性地保持中心齿轮不旋转,且外部制动器选择性地保持环形齿轮不旋转。
一种换挡元件模块包括壳体,该壳体具有圆筒壁。壳体可以是变速器的前支撑件。第一离合器组花键连接到圆筒壁的内侧。第一活塞可径向地位于圆筒壁的内部,压缩第一离合器组。用于第二活塞的回位弹簧装置对第一离合器组的反作用片施加反作用。反作用片可包括径向爪,该径向爪延伸通过圆筒壁的轴向爪,以在圆筒壁的外侧上为回位弹簧装置提供反作用点。壳体可限定有用于输送流体的通道,以接合换挡元件。
根据本发明,一种换挡元件模块包括:壳体,具有圆筒壁;第一离合器组,花键连接到圆筒壁的内侧;第一活塞和第二活塞,被构造成相对于壳体滑动,第一活塞被构造成压缩第一离合器组;回位弹簧装置,对第一离合器组的位于圆筒壁外侧的反作用片施加反作用,以向第二活塞施加力。
根据本发明的实施例,壳体是适于固定到变速器壳的变速器前支撑件。
根据本发明的实施例,壳体限定有用于将增压流体从变速器壳输送到与第一活塞和第二活塞相关联的施压腔的通道。
根据本发明的实施例,圆筒壁包括多个轴向爪,反作用片包括多个径向爪,所述多个径向爪在轴向爪之间从圆筒壁的内侧延伸到圆筒壁的外侧。
根据本发明的实施例,回位弹簧包括:弹簧保持件,具有第一侧和第二侧,第一侧适于向反作用片传递反作用力;多个螺旋弹簧,沿第二侧周向地布置。
根据本发明的实施例,弹簧保持件刚性地紧固到反作用片。
一种变速器通过装配换挡元件模块然后将换挡元件模块插入到变速器壳中而装配。换挡元件模块通过将两个活塞插入到壳体中而装配,一个活塞位于圆筒壁的内侧,另一个活塞位于圆筒壁的外侧。用于外活塞的回位弹簧装置在插入外活塞之后再插入。与内活塞相关联的离合器组在内活塞插入之后花键连接到圆筒壁的内表面。回位弹簧装置在插入离合器的反作用片时被压缩。然后,反作用片通过卡环而轴向地固定到圆筒壁。
根据本发明,一种装配变速器的方法,包括:将内活塞插入到壳体中,使内活塞位于壳体的圆筒壁的内侧上;将内离合器组的分离片和摩擦片插入到壳体中,每个分离片均花键连接到圆筒壁的内侧;将外活塞插入到壳体中,使外活塞位于圆筒壁的外侧上;插入弹簧装置,使其抵着外活塞;在插入内离合器组的反作用片时压缩弹簧装置;插入卡环以使内离合器组的反作用片保持在圆筒壁上,使得反作用片将弹簧装置保持在压缩状态。
根据本发明的实施例,在将内离合器组的分离片和摩擦片插入到壳体中之后将外活塞插入到壳体中。
根据本发明的实施例,所述方法还包括将壳体插入到变速器壳中并将壳体固定到变速器壳。
根据本发明的实施例,所述方法还包括将外离合器组的分离片和摩擦片插入到变速器壳中,每个分离片均花键连接到变速器壳。
根据本发明的实施例,所述方法还包括将行星齿轮组插入到变速器壳中,内离合器毂固定地连接到行星齿轮组的中心齿轮,且外离合器毂固定地连接到行星齿轮组的环形齿轮。
根据本发明的实施例,在插入外离合器组的分离片和摩擦片之前,将行星齿轮组插入到变速器壳中,其中,外离合器组的摩擦片在插入时花键连接到外离合器毂。
根据本发明的实施例,在将壳体插入到变速器壳中之前,将行星齿轮组插入到变速器壳中,其中,内离合器组的摩擦片在插入壳体时花键连接到内离合器毂。
附图说明
图1是变速器齿轮传动装置的示意图。
图2是图1的齿轮传动装置的两个制动器的截面图。
具体实施方式
本公开的实施例描述于此。然而,应理解,公开的实施例仅为示例,其它实施例能够采用各种和替代的形式。附图无需按比例绘制;可放大或缩小一些特征以显示特定部件的细节。所以,在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应解释为限制,而仅为教导本领域技术人员以多种形式使用本发明的代表性基础。本领域内的普通技术人员应理解,参考任一附图示出和描述的多个特征可与一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合,以形成未明确示出或描述的实施例。所示出的特征的组合为典型应用提供代表性实施例。然而,与本公开的教导一致的特征的多种组合和变型可希望用于特定应用或实施方式。
齿轮传动装置是旋转元件和被构造为在旋转元件之间施加指定的转速关系的换挡元件的集合。无论任何换挡元件的状态如何,都施加一些转速关系(称为固定转速关系)。仅当特定的换挡元件完全接合时才施加其它的转速关系(称为选择性转速关系)。离散比变速器具有在输入轴与输出轴之间选择性地施加多个传动比的齿轮传动装置。
如果在所有工况下迫使一组旋转元件以相同的转速绕同一轴线旋转,则该组旋转元件彼此固定地连接。可通过花键连接、焊接、压装、由同一固体加工或其它方式将旋转元件固定连接。固定连接的元件之间会发生转动位移(比如由于间隙或轴柔性而导致的位移)的轻微变化。彼此均固定连接的一个或更多个旋转元件可以称为轴。相反,两个旋转元件通过换挡元件选择性地连接,只要在换挡元件完全接合时换挡元件便约束这两个旋转元件以相同的速度绕同一轴线旋转,并且在至少一些其它工况中这两个旋转元件以不同的转速自由旋转。通过选择性地将旋转元件连接到壳体而保持旋转元件不旋转的换挡元件称为制动器。将两个或更多个旋转元件选择性地彼此连接的换挡元件称为离合器。换挡元件可以是主动控制的装置(例如液压或电动致动的离合器或制动器)或者可以是被动装置(例如单向离合器或制动器)。
图1中示意性地示出了变速器的示例。变速器使用四个简单的行星齿轮组20、30、40和50。行星架22绕中心轴线旋转并支撑一组行星齿轮24,使得行星齿轮相对于行星架旋转。行星齿轮上的外轮齿与中心齿轮26上的外轮齿啮合并与环形齿轮28上的内轮齿啮合。中心齿轮和环形齿轮被支撑以绕与行星架相同的轴线旋转。齿轮组30、40和50类似地构造。
表1中列出了每个行星齿轮组的建议的齿数比。
表1
环形齿轮28/中心齿轮26 | 2.20 |
环形齿轮38/中心齿轮36 | 1.75 |
环形齿轮48/中心齿轮46 | 1.60 |
环形齿轮58/中心齿轮56 | 3.70 |
中心齿轮26固定连接到中心齿轮36;行星架22、行星架42和环形齿轮58相互固定连接;环形齿轮38固定连接到中心齿轮46;输入轴60固定连接到行星架32;输出轴62固定连接到行星架52。环形齿轮28通过制动器66选择性地保持不旋转,中心齿轮26和36通过制动器68选择性地保持不旋转。输入轴60通过离合器70选择性地连接到中心齿轮56。中间轴64通过离合器72选择性地连接到中心齿轮56,通过离合器74选择性地连接到环形齿轮48,并通过离合器76选择性地连接到环形齿轮38和中心齿轮46。
如表2中所示,四个相组合地接合的离合器和制动器在输入轴60和输出轴62之间建立十个前进传送比和一个倒挡传动比。X指的是需要该离合器来建立该传动比。(X)指的是可以应用该离合器但并不是必需的。在1挡,在不改变传动比时,可应用离合器74或离合器76而不应用离合器72。当齿轮组具有表1中所示的齿数时,传动比具有表2中指示的值。
表2
66 | 68 | 70 | 72 | 74 | 76 | 传动比 | 阶 | |
倒挡 | X | X | X | X | -4.79 | 102% | ||
1挡 | X | X | X | (X) | 4.70 | |||
2挡 | X | X | X | X | 2.99 | 1.57 | ||
3挡 | X | X | X | X | 2.18 | 1.37 | ||
4挡 | X | X | X | X | 1.80 | 1.21 | ||
5挡 | X | X | X | X | 1.54 | 1.17 | ||
6挡 | X | X | X | X | 1.29 | 1.19 | ||
7挡 | X | X | X | X | 1.00 | 1.29 | ||
8挡 | X | X | X | X | 0.85 | 1.17 | ||
9挡 | X | X | X | X | 0.69 | 1.24 | ||
10挡 | X | X | X | X | 0.64 | 1.08 |
图2示出了根据图1的齿轮传动装置的变速器的局部截面图。具体地,图2示出了包括简单的行星齿轮组20和制动器66和68的前部。前支撑件80固定到变速器壳82。前支撑件80和变速器壳82可花键连接、用螺栓连接或通过某些其他机构或组合机构固定。输入轴60由轴承84支撑以相对于前支撑件80旋转。除了为输入轴60提供支撑以外,前支撑件还将流体从变速器壳82输送到输入轴60内的一个或更多个通道。流体可提供润滑,可流入变矩器,可接合变矩器锁止离合器,和/或可接合离合器70、72、74和76。
制动器68通过选择性地将中心齿轮26连接到前支撑件80而选择性地保持中心齿轮26不旋转。毂86固定到中心齿轮26。毂86上的径向爪(finger)与中心齿轮26上的轴向爪相啮合,并通过插入到轴向爪中的槽中的卡环88而保持就位。一组摩擦片90花键连接到毂86的外表面。花键防止摩擦片与毂之间的相对旋转,但是允许一定程度的轴向运动。圆筒壁92从支撑件80向齿轮组20延伸。一组分离片94花键连接到圆筒壁92的内表面,使得它们与摩擦片90交替。最末端的分离片96称为反作用片因为它在离合器接合时施加反作用力。反作用片96通过卡环98轴向地保持就位。摩擦片和分离片统称为离合器组。
制动器68通过经前支撑件80向施压腔100提供增压流体而接合。流体压力迫使活塞102向右滑动并向第一分离片(可称为压力片)施加轴向力。该轴向力挤压分离片94之间的摩擦片90。分离片与摩擦片之间的摩擦力对摩擦片和分离片施加扭矩。摩擦片90上的扭矩经由毂86而传递到中心齿轮26。分离片94上的扭矩经由圆筒壁92和前支撑件80而传递到变速器壳82。当流体压力释放时,回位弹簧104将活塞102推回到左侧,去除了摩擦片90与分离片94之间的轴向力。图2示出了回位弹簧104是蝶形弹簧。如果压缩弹簧可被替代,可使用其他类型的弹簧(例如螺旋弹簧或包括圆形设置的多个弹簧的弹簧组总成)。回位弹簧104对插入到前支撑件80中的槽中的卡环106施加反作用。
制动器66通过选择性地将环形齿轮28连接到前支撑件80而选择性地保持环形齿轮28不旋转。毂108固定到环形齿轮28。毂108上的径向爪与环形齿轮28上的轴向爪相啮合并通过插入到轴向爪中的槽中的卡环110而保持就位。一组摩擦片112花键连接到毂108的外表面。一组分离片114花键连接到变速器壳82的内表面,使得它们与摩擦片112交替。替代地,分离片114可花键连接到前支撑件80的另一圆筒壁。最末端的分离片116(称为反作用片)通过卡环118保持轴向就位。
制动器66通过经前支撑件80向施压腔120提供增压流体而接合。流体压力迫使活塞122向右滑动,以挤压分离片114之间的摩擦片112。分离片与摩擦片之间的摩擦力对摩擦片和分离片施加扭矩。摩擦片112上的扭矩经由毂108而传递到环形齿轮28。当流体压力释放时,回位弹簧124将活塞122推回到左侧,去除了摩擦片112与分离片114之间的轴向力。与回位弹簧104一样,可使用各种类型的压缩弹簧。图2示出了弹簧组总成的一个螺旋弹簧。
为了使回位弹簧124向活塞122施加轴向力,它还必须对另一些组件施加反作用力。利用插入到圆筒壁92中的槽中的卡环需要增大圆筒壁92的厚度。卡环需要足够深的槽。图2的组件避免了对圆筒壁92的外表面中的槽的需求。反作用片96包括在圆筒壁92中的轴向爪之间延伸的多个径向爪。弹簧保持件126通过反作用片96的延伸至圆筒壁92的外表面之外的径向爪而被轴向保持。回位弹簧124的反作用力经由保持件126、反作用片96、卡环98和圆筒壁92而传递到前支撑件80。弹簧保持件126和反作用片96可形成为单个部件或者可以是单独的部件。此外,弹簧124可在装配之前固定到弹簧保持件126或者可单独地安装。
图2的变速器的装配可通过预装配包括前支撑件80、制动器68和制动器66的一部分的模块而完成。具体地,模块可包括活塞122和回位弹簧124。然后可将模块安装到变速器中。因为后轮驱动变速器的后部附近通常比前部附近更窄,所以组件通常从前部(大端)安装,而最靠后的组件先安装。对于从前部开始装配的变速器,在已经安装了齿轮组20、摩擦片112和分离片116之后安装模块。前轮驱动变速器可从前部或后部或者两者的一定的组合开始装配。
通过将组件从后侧(图2中的右侧)安装到前支撑件80而预装配模块。一种可能的安装顺序是:i)活塞122,ii)回位弹簧124,iii)弹簧保持件126,iv)活塞102,v)回位弹簧104,vi)卡环106,vii)与摩擦片90交替并以反作用片96结束的分离片94,viii)卡环98。这种顺序的一些变形是可能的。弹簧104在安装卡环106之前必须压缩,弹簧124在安装卡环98之前必须压缩。在插入到前支撑件80之前,部件的一些组合可彼此紧固,不论是暂时的还是永久的。例如,活塞122、回位弹簧124和弹簧保持件126可插入到将回位弹簧124预加载到压缩状态的固定部中。固定部可在这些部件插入到前支撑件80时保持附着,然后在安装卡环98之后拆卸掉。
虽然以上描述了示例性实施例,但是并不意味着这些实施例描述了权利要求包含的所有可能的形式。说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制,并且应理解,在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下可以作出各种改变。如上所述,可以对多个实施例的特征进行组合以形成本发明没有明确描述或说明的进一步的实施例。虽然关于一个或更多个期望的特性,各种实施例已经被描述为提供优点或优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式,但本领域的普通技术人员认识到,可以牺牲一个或更多个特点或特性,以实现期望的整体系统属性,这取决于具体的应用和实施。这样,关于一个或更多个特性,被描述为不如其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式理想的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外,并且可以期望用于特定的应用。
Claims (6)
1.一种变速器,包括:
前支撑件,固定到变速器壳;
第一离合器组,具有花键连接到前支撑件的反作用片;
第一活塞,被构造成在前支撑件内滑动以压缩第一离合器组;
第二离合器组;
第二活塞,被构造成在前支撑件内滑动以压缩第二离合器组;
回位弹簧装置,对反作用片施加反作用,以迫使第二活塞远离第二离合器组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其中,第二离合器组包括花键连接到变速器壳的分离片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,还包括:
行星齿轮组,具有中心齿轮、环形齿轮和行星架;
第一离合器毂,固定地连接到中心齿轮,其中第一离合器组还包括花键连接到第一离合器毂的摩擦片;
第二离合器毂,固定地连接到环形齿轮,其中第二离合器组还包括花键连接到第二离合器毂的摩擦片。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其中,回位弹簧装置包括:
弹簧保持件,具有第一侧和第二侧,第一侧适于向反作用片传递反作用力;
多个螺旋弹簧,沿第二侧周向地布置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其中,
前支撑件具有圆筒壁;
第一活塞位于圆筒壁的径向内部;
第二活塞位于圆筒壁的径向外部。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器,其中,
第一离合器组花键连接到圆筒壁的径向内侧;
回位弹簧装置对反作用片的位于圆筒壁的径向外侧的部分施加反作用,以向第二活塞施加力。
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