CN106242933A - One utilizes functionalization graphene to prepare Energetic Nanomaterials and method thereof - Google Patents

One utilizes functionalization graphene to prepare Energetic Nanomaterials and method thereof Download PDF

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CN106242933A
CN106242933A CN201610743386.4A CN201610743386A CN106242933A CN 106242933 A CN106242933 A CN 106242933A CN 201610743386 A CN201610743386 A CN 201610743386A CN 106242933 A CN106242933 A CN 106242933A
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graphene
energy
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CN106242933B (en
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杨叶
熊文慧
张文超
秦志春
叶家海
田桂蓉
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • C06B33/00Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/08Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B33/10Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound the compound being an aromatic

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Abstract

The invention provides one utilizes functionalization graphene to prepare Energetic Nanomaterials and method thereof, first generate halogenated graphite with halogenating agent with graphene oxide generation electrophilic addition, then by substitution reaction, energy-containing compound is grafted onto on Graphene, form functionalization further contains energy Graphene, then nano aluminum and nano-metal-oxide are arranged in containing on Graphene, thus preparing a kind of high performance ternary nano Composite Energetic Materials by self-assembling method.The present invention improves the order of mixture in nano aluminum thermit powder component, the reunion of nano-particle can be reduced to a certain extent, and the energy-containing compound that grafting is on Graphene contains more nitro etc. and contains energy group, there is important facilitation for the heat and reactivity worth improving the release of nano aluminum thermit powder.

Description

One utilizes functionalization graphene to prepare Energetic Nanomaterials and method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technology of preparing of Nanocomposite Energetic Materials, particularly one utilizes functionalization graphene preparation to receive Rice energetic material and method thereof.
Background technology
Found since thermit reaction phenomenon from 18th century Russian scientists Bie Gaituofu, as a kind of high mass density, High-energy-density, the energetic material of high safety performance, oneself history of having passed by 200 years of the development of thermite, and be widely used in The fields such as metallurgy, welds, military.In broad terms, the main body of thermite is the metal stronger by aluminium powder and oxidisability or non-gold Belong to the mixture that oxide is formed, such as Fe2O3, NiO, CuO etc., between them by heat or mechanical force initiation after energy Enough there is violent redox reaction and release substantial amounts of heat.At granule in oxidant and reducing agent in conventional aluminum thermit powder Separating, cause its burning velocity slow, energyreleaserate limits the application of thermite slowly.Nano aluminum thermit powder is due to reaction Between thing, the area of unit mass atomic contacts is big, reduces the distance of mass transfer and conduction of heat so that its reaction rate obtains pole The earth improves, and thermite has the advantages such as high, easily prepared, the low toxicity of thermal discharge, and nano aluminum thermit powder is as receiving the most in recent years Representative in rice Composite Energetic Materials causes extensive concern.At present, the method for preparation nano aluminum thermit powder has physical mixed method, ball milling Method, sol-gal process, vapour deposition process etc..At document Combustion and Flame, in 2013,160 (3): 734-741, Williams R A etc. utilizes response inhabitation ball-milling method to be prepared for Al/CuO, Al/Bi2O3、Al/Fe2O3, and Al/MoO3Deng four kinds Different types of nano aluminum thermit powder also carries out ignition performance experiment to these four thermite, finds the combustion pressure change of thermite Much relations are had with the heating rate of igniting.But it is relatively hazardous that this type of method prepares nano aluminum thermit powder ratio, and part thermite is at ball Can react in advance during mill, nanoparticle is the most easily reunited, and have impact on the performance of nano aluminum thermit powder performance.At document Journal of nanoparticle research, in 2013,15 (12): 1-15, Lijun Qin etc. utilizes ald Technology preparation has the nano aluminum thermit powder of nucleocapsid structure, deposits one layer of SnO respectively on nano-aluminium particle surface2And ZnO, at atom It is controlled in level, makes nano aluminum granule tightr with oxide interface.But this type of method is higher to the requirement of instrument and equipment, And it is higher to cover the nanometer aluminium lamination activity on nano-oxide, easily inactivate in long-term preservation, less stable.Cause This, during research nano aluminum thermit powder, develop preparation method simple, and the cycle is short, and prepare in a mild condition and provide Having the nano aluminum thermit powder of high reaction rate and highly exothermic amount is emphasis and the difficult point of nano aluminum thermit powder research field.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the functionalization graphene preparation that utilizes simple, excellent performance of a kind of preparation method to receive Rice energetic material and method thereof.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is: a kind of Energetic Nanomaterials utilizing functionalization graphene to prepare And preparation method thereof, generate halogenated graphite with halogenating agent with graphene oxide generation electrophilic addition, then pass through substitution reaction Being grafted onto on Graphene by energy-containing compound, form functionalization further contains energy Graphene, then by nano aluminum and nanometer gold Belong to oxide and be arranged in containing on energy Graphene by self-assembling method, thus obtain high performance based on functionalization graphene receive Rice energetic material.
The present invention compared with prior art, has an advantage in that: prepared by (1) contains energy graphenic surface grafting containing energy chemical combination Thing 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, contains energy functional group containing abundant, and these are containing functional group can not only make Graphene be more readily dispersed in In disperse medium, and can cause self assembling process by long-range electrostatic attraction, nano aluminum and graphene oxide are by short After journey covalent bond effect connects, then with nanometer oxide particle by non-covalent bond effect, obtain high density, high response speed Nano combined thermite.(2) owing to adding carbon at nano aluminum thermit powder, hence it is evident that its gaseous product can be made to increase, can significantly improve Reaction pressure, enhances the external acting ability of thermite.(3) prepare nano aluminum thermit powder with the Graphene self assembly containing energy generally to fit For the preparation of other kinds of nano aluminum thermit powder, the structural order of mixture can be improved so that it is performance is easier to control, and has The biggest applied research prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the preparation process schematic diagram that the present invention contains energy Graphene.
Fig. 2 is Nanocomposite Energetic Materials Al/ oxide of the present invention/containing can the preparation process schematic diagram of Graphene.
Fig. 3 is that containing of embodiment 1 preparation can Graphene/Al/Co3O4The transmission electron microscope picture of Nanocomposite Energetic Materials, is containing Nanometer Al and nano Co can be loaded on graphene film3O4Can contact with each other between granule, and granule.
Fig. 4 is that containing of embodiment 1 preparation can Graphene/Al/Co3O4The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of Nanocomposite Energetic Materials, load There is no bigger reunion containing the nanoparticle on energy graphene film, contributing to fully carrying out of reaction.
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the Energetic Nanomaterials that the present invention utilizes functionalization graphene to prepare is with halogenating agent and graphite Olefinic oxide GO occurs electrophilic addition to generate halogenated graphite, then by substitution reaction, energy-containing compound is grafted onto Graphene On, form functionalization further contains energy Graphene, then nano aluminum and nano-metal-oxide is arranged by self-assembling method It is listed in and contains on energy Graphene, thus obtain high performance Energetic Nanomaterials based on functionalization graphene.
In conjunction with Fig. 2, the preparation method that the present invention utilizes functionalization graphene to prepare Energetic Nanomaterials specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1, uses the Hummers method improved to prepare GO, scrubbed to neutrality, is dried under vacuum condition;
Step 2, is scattered in GO powder in deionized water, ultrasonic after form suspension, add halogenating agent, stirring reaction, And absorb waste gas by reflux;
Step 3, dilutes the mixed liquor deionized water reacted of step 2, adds alkaline solution, makes in mixed solution With to neutral, after sucking filtration, it be dried under vacuum, obtain halogenated graphene;
Step 4, pours in reactor by the energy-containing compound solution configured, and halogenated graphene step 3 prepared adds Entering in mixed solution, be incubated, obtaining containing of grafting energy-containing compound after reaction can Graphene;
Step 5, will contain can Graphene in dispersant for ultrasonic dispersion, Al nanopowders is dispersed in the mixed solution of dispersant In;
Step 6, is dispersed in nano-oxide particles in the mixed solution of dispersant, after ultrasonic disperse, adds step 5 and makes The Al nanopowders suspension obtained, continues ultrasonic disperse;
Step 7, ultrasonic rear standing, draw supernatant, be placed in vacuum drying oven dried, obtain nanometer containing energy material Material.
Graphene oxide described in step 2 is 0.2~0.5g, and halogenating agent is dense HCl or dense HBr, and consumption is 20 ~30mL, halogenation temperature is 60-80 DEG C, response time 6~12 hours.In step 4, solution allocation: K2CO3Be 30~ 50mg, DMF is 10~30mL, energy-containing compound 2,4,6-trinitrophenol or nitrocellulose is joined In solution, consumption is 80~120mg, and temperature retention time is 60~90 DEG C, and the time is 8~12 hours.Dispersion described in steps of 5 Agent is DMF, isopropanol or DMF and isopropanol mixture, DMF With the mixed solution being configured to dispersant of aqueous isopropanol, volume ratio between the two is 1:1~1:3.Described in step 5 Containing accounting for the 2%~5% of gross mass by Graphene;In this nano aluminum thermit powder, the mean diameter of nanometer Al is 40-100nm.In step 6 Described in time of repose more than 6 hours.Vacuum drying temperature described in step 7 is 60~80 DEG C, is dried 8~10 hours.
Below by embodiment, the present invention will be described.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method that the present invention utilizes functionalization graphene to prepare Energetic Nanomaterials specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1, uses the Hummers method improved to prepare GO, scrubbed to neutrality, is vacuum dried at 50 DEG C;
Step 2, is scattered in 0.2g GO powder in 50mL deionized water, forms suspension, add halogen after ultrasonic 3 hours Agent dense HBr 20mL, 60 DEG C of stirring reactions 8 hours, and absorbs waste gas by reflux;
Step 3, dilutes the mixed liquor deionized water reacted of step 2, adds a certain amount of NaOH solution, make to mix Close solution and be neutralized to neutrality, after sucking filtration, be dried under vacuum, obtain halogenated graphite;
Step 4, takes 100mg 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 30mg K2CO3And 10mL DMF is in three mouthfuls In flask, being configured to mixed solution, halogenated graphite step 3 prepared joins in mixed solution, and 85 DEG C are reacted 12 hours, The 2,4,6-trinitrophenol containing can Graphene to grafting;
Step 5, by the graphene dispersion containing energy of 20mg in DMF, after ultrasonic disperse, by 0.088mg Al nanopowders be dispersed in the mixed solution of DMF and aqueous isopropanol;
Step 6, by 0.292g nano Co3O4Granule (nano Co3O4Granule is nano-oxide particles, wherein containing energy graphite Alkene, Al nanopowders, nano Co3O4Granule three constitutes gross mass) it is dispersed in DMF and aqueous isopropanol In mixed solution, after ultrasonic disperse, add the Al nanopowders suspension that step 5 prepares, continue ultrasonic disperse 2 hours;
Step 7, ultrasonic rear standing, draw supernatant, be placed in 65 DEG C dry 8 hours in vacuum drying oven, obtain containing energy Graphene/Al/Co3O4Nanocomposite Energetic Materials.
Can Graphene/Al/Co by containing of preparation3O4Nanocomposite Energetic Materials carries out transmission electron microscope and sem test, Its effect is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.It can be seen that containing having loaded nanometer Al and nanometer the most uniformly on graphene film Co3O4The not biggest reunion can be contacted with each other between granule, and granule.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method that the present invention utilizes functionalization graphene to prepare Energetic Nanomaterials specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1 to step 4 with the step 1 in example 1 to step 4;
Step 5, by the graphene dispersion containing energy of 20mg in DMF, after ultrasonic disperse, by 0.099mg Al nanopowders be dispersed in the mixed solution of DMF and aqueous isopropanol;
Step 6, is dispersed in the mixed solution of DMF and aqueous isopropanol by 0.281g nano NiO granule In, after ultrasonic disperse, add the Al nanopowders suspension that step 5 prepares, continue ultrasonic disperse 2 hours;
Step 7, ultrasonic rear standing, draw supernatant, be placed in 65 DEG C dry 8 hours in vacuum drying oven, obtain containing energy Graphene/Al/NiO Nanocomposite Energetic Materials.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method that the present invention utilizes functionalization graphene to prepare Energetic Nanomaterials specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1 to step 4 with the step 1 in example 1 to step 4;
Step 5, by the graphene dispersion containing energy of 20mg in DMF, after ultrasonic disperse, by 0.074mg Al nanopowders be dispersed in the mixed solution of DMF and aqueous isopropanol;
Step 6, by 0.306g nanometer Fe2O3Oxide particle is dispersed in DMF and aqueous isopropanol In mixed solution, after ultrasonic disperse, add the Al nanopowders suspension that step 5 prepares, continue ultrasonic disperse 2 hours;
Step 7, ultrasonic rear standing, draw supernatant, be placed in 65 DEG C dry 8 hours in vacuum drying oven, obtain containing energy Graphene/Al/Fe2O3Nanocomposite Energetic Materials.

Claims (9)

1. the Energetic Nanomaterials utilizing functionalization graphene to prepare, it is characterised in that with halogenating agent and graphene oxide Occur electrophilic addition to generate halogenated graphite, then by substitution reaction, energy-containing compound is grafted onto on Graphene, further shape Become functionalization contains energy Graphene, then nano aluminum and nano-metal-oxide is arranged in containing energy graphite by self-assembling method On alkene, thus obtain high performance Energetic Nanomaterials based on functionalization graphene.
2. one kind utilizes the preparation method that functionalization graphene prepares Energetic Nanomaterials, it is characterised in that with halogenating agent and stone Ink olefinic oxide GO occurs electrophilic addition to generate halogenated graphite, then by substitution reaction, energy-containing compound is grafted onto Graphene On, form functionalization further contains energy Graphene, then nano aluminum and nano-metal-oxide is arranged by self-assembling method It is listed in and contains on energy Graphene, thus obtain high performance Energetic Nanomaterials based on functionalization graphene.
The preparation method utilizing functionalization graphene to prepare Energetic Nanomaterials the most according to claim 2, its feature exists As follows in step:
Step 1, uses the Hummers method improved to prepare GO, scrubbed to neutrality, is dried under vacuum condition;
Step 2, is scattered in GO powder in deionized water, ultrasonic after form suspension, add halogenating agent, stirring reaction, and lead to Cross reflux and absorb waste gas;
Step 3, dilutes the mixed liquor deionized water reacted of step 2, adds alkaline solution, makes mixed solution be neutralized to Neutrality, after sucking filtration, is dried under vacuum, obtains halogenated graphene;
Step 4, pours in reactor by the energy-containing compound solution configured, and halogenated graphene step 3 prepared joins In mixed solution, being incubated, obtaining containing of grafting energy-containing compound after reaction can Graphene;
Step 5, will contain and can be dispersed in the mixed solution of dispersant at dispersant for ultrasonic dispersion, Al nanopowders by Graphene;
Step 6, is dispersed in nano-oxide particles in the mixed solution of dispersant, after ultrasonic disperse, adds what step 5 prepared Al nanopowders suspension, continues ultrasonic disperse;
Step 7, ultrasonic rear standing, draw supernatant, be placed in vacuum drying oven dried, obtain Energetic Nanomaterials.
The preparation method of Nanocomposite Energetic Materials the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described in step 2 Graphene oxide is 0.2~0.5g, and halogenating agent is dense HCl or dense HBr, and consumption is 20~30mL, and halogenation temperature is 60- 80 DEG C, response time 6~12 hours.
The preparation method of Nanocomposite Energetic Materials the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in step 4, solution is joined Put: K2CO3Being 30~50mg, DMF is 10~30mL, by energy-containing compound 2,4,6-trinitrophenol or nitre Chemical fibre dimension joins in solution, and consumption is 80~120mg, and temperature retention time is 60~90 DEG C, and the time is 8~12 hours.
The preparation method of Nanocomposite Energetic Materials the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described in step 5 Dispersant is DMF, isopropanol or DMF and isopropanol mixture, N, N-dimethyl methyl Amide and the mixed solution being configured to dispersant of aqueous isopropanol, volume ratio between the two is 1:1~1:3.
The preparation method of Nanocomposite Energetic Materials the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described in step 5 Containing accounting for the 2%~5% of gross mass by Graphene;In this nano aluminum thermit powder, the mean diameter of nanometer Al is 40-100nm.
The preparation method of Nanocomposite Energetic Materials the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described in step 6 Time of repose was more than 6 hours.
The preparation method of Nanocomposite Energetic Materials the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described in step 7 Vacuum drying temperature is 60~80 DEG C, is dried 8~10 hours.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106892425A (en) * 2017-04-27 2017-06-27 山东金城石墨烯科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method of nitration Graphene
CN109251115A (en) * 2018-08-31 2019-01-22 浙江工业大学 Functional graphene oxide containing energy and preparation method thereof
CN111943791A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-17 西南科技大学 Al/Bi2O3Preparation method of nano energetic material
CN112963270A (en) * 2021-02-04 2021-06-15 浙江大学 Method for improving stability of nano aluminum particle carbon-hydrogen two-phase fluid fuel
CN115650807A (en) * 2022-09-26 2023-01-31 北京理工大学 Preparation method of composite material of graphene loaded with nitrogen-containing compound

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150034220A1 (en) * 2013-08-05 2015-02-05 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Hierarchical self-assembled energetic materials and formation methods
CN105734644A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-07-06 南京理工大学 Al-CuO/graphene oxide composite film and preparation method thereof
CN105780089A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-07-20 南京理工大学 Energetic film of aluminum-copper oxide-graphene oxide ternary composite material and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150034220A1 (en) * 2013-08-05 2015-02-05 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Hierarchical self-assembled energetic materials and formation methods
CN105734644A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-07-06 南京理工大学 Al-CuO/graphene oxide composite film and preparation method thereof
CN105780089A (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-07-20 南京理工大学 Energetic film of aluminum-copper oxide-graphene oxide ternary composite material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106892425A (en) * 2017-04-27 2017-06-27 山东金城石墨烯科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method of nitration Graphene
CN109251115A (en) * 2018-08-31 2019-01-22 浙江工业大学 Functional graphene oxide containing energy and preparation method thereof
CN109251115B (en) * 2018-08-31 2021-10-15 浙江工业大学 Energetic functionalized graphene oxide and preparation method thereof
CN111943791A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-17 西南科技大学 Al/Bi2O3Preparation method of nano energetic material
CN112963270A (en) * 2021-02-04 2021-06-15 浙江大学 Method for improving stability of nano aluminum particle carbon-hydrogen two-phase fluid fuel
CN112963270B (en) * 2021-02-04 2022-04-12 浙江大学 Method for improving stability of nano aluminum particle carbon-hydrogen two-phase fluid fuel
CN115650807A (en) * 2022-09-26 2023-01-31 北京理工大学 Preparation method of composite material of graphene loaded with nitrogen-containing compound

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