CN106242476A - 一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板，将玉米秸秆纤维用热水浸泡后去除表面的果胶层，经厌氧发酵后表面粗糙度明显增加，秸秆半纤维素相对含量降低，增强了其黏合能力，相较于传统发明的碱处理方法具有相同效果还不污染环境节约成本，将聚乙烯醇改性处理后对预处理后的玉米秸秆纤维进行包覆改性，在石膏板成型时改性玉米秸秆纤维与水分充分接触，其表面的聚乙烯醇会出现一定程度的软化或溶解，渗透到纤维周围石膏基体中，随水分蒸发将纤维与石膏基体交织在一起，增强玉米秸秆纤维与石膏基体的界面结合，改善产品的力学性能及防水性能，具有耐腐蚀、保温的特性，可广泛用于湿度较大区域（卫生间、沐浴室和厨房等）。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑用材料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板及其制作方法。
背景技术
作为传统胶凝材料之一，石膏制品因其具有质轻、隔热、隔音、尺寸稳定等优良性能而被广泛应用于建筑行业。但是石膏制品自身强度较低，利用纤维增强石膏制品而制得的纤维石膏板是现阶段改善石膏制品综合性能的主要趋势。纤维石膏板，因其价格低廉、质轻防潮、可钉可刨、防火保温等特性深受人们的喜爱。纤维石膏板是继纸面石膏板取得广泛应用后又一次开发成功的新产品。尽管产品成本略大于纸面石膏板，但投资的回报率却高于纸面石膏板，因此是一种很有开发潜力的新型建筑板材。
我国是农业大国，农作物秸秆纤维来源广泛，大量堆积的农作物秸秆目前主要采用焚烧方法处理，产生的浓烟污染环境，危害人类健康。利用农作物秸秆纤维增强石膏，既可以降低纤维增强石膏的成本，又可以使农作物秸秆得到充分利用。农作物秸秆纤维增强石膏作为一种复合材料，其物理力学性能得到一定程度的改善和提高，而复合效应的发挥在很大程度上取决于植物纤维与基体之间的界面结合情况以及纤维的性能、含量、分布和石膏的性能。由于农作物秸秆纤维表面的特性，使其与基体界面的相互作用非常微弱，所以对纤维进行表面处理非常必要。
《聚乙烯醇包覆玉米秸秆纤维对石膏性能的影响》一文对玉米秸秆纤维进行碱预处理，以除去纤维表面的果胶、木质素、半纤维素等低分子物质，增强其黏合能力，并以聚乙烯醇对玉米秸秆纤维进行包覆改性，改善其与石膏的界面结合度，使玉米秸秆纤维/石膏复合材料的力学性能及防水性能得到提高，但是经过NaOH处理后，纤维发生溶胀及中间孔腔增大，可增大纤维石膏板的吸水率，降低石膏板的使用寿命，另一个现象是纤维中细胞被破坏影响纤维的强度，不利于其增强作用，且碱处理成本高污染环境，需要改进现有生产工艺和配料组成，制备出功能全面、耐用耐磨、保温隔热、吸附性强安全无毒的纤维石膏板。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板及其制作方法，以克服现有技术的不足。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：脱硫建筑石膏100、聚乙烯醇4.1-5.2、玉米秸秆纤维8.5-9.5、沸石粉2-4、纯丙乳液4-6、葡萄糖酸钠0.2-0.4、纳米二氧化硅0.4-0.6、海藻粉3-5、沼渣2-4、牛粪5-7、鸟毛6-8、聚苯并咪唑1.8-2.3、适量水。
所述的一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）将玉米秸秆纤维用60-70℃的热水浸泡10-12小时，过滤投入发酵池内，加入沼渣、牛粪厌氧发酵7-10天，过滤烘干，粉碎至长度为10-20mm；
（2）将聚乙烯醇加水搅拌，加热至沸腾搅拌至全部溶解得8wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液，加入纯丙乳液、聚苯并咪唑、葡萄糖酸钠、纳米二氧化硅，保持温度超声波分散10-20分钟，制得包覆液；
（3）立即往包覆液中加入步骤（1）物料浸泡20-30分钟，取出冷却，在自然条件下晾干，物理分散得包覆改性的玉米秸秆纤维；
（4）将脱硫建筑石膏、包覆改性的玉米秸秆纤维混合同时加入石膏重量40-60%水搅拌5-7小时，陈化1-2天，加入其他剩余成分高速搅拌2-3小时得混合浆料；
（5）将上述混合浆料通过模压法制成试块，在室温条件下固化后脱模，放入电热鼓风恒温干燥箱中，在（30±2）℃条件下养护至绝对干燥，出料得纤维石膏板。
本发明有以下有益效果：本发明将玉米秸秆纤维用热水浸泡后去除表面的果胶层，经厌氧发酵后表面粗糙度明显增加，秸秆半纤维素相对含量降低，增强了其黏合能力，相较于传统发明的碱处理方法具有相同效果还不污染环境节约成本，将聚乙烯醇改性处理后对预处理后的玉米秸秆纤维进行包覆改性，在石膏板成型时改性玉米秸秆纤维与水分充分接触，其表面的聚乙烯醇会出现一定程度的软化或溶解，渗透到纤维周围石膏基体中，随水分蒸发将纤维与石膏基体交织在一起，增强玉米秸秆纤维与石膏基体的界面结合，改善产品的力学性能及防水性能，具有耐腐蚀、保温的特性，可广泛用于湿度较大区域（卫生间、沐浴室和厨房等）。
具体实施方式
所述的一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：脱硫建筑石膏100、聚乙烯醇4.1、玉米秸秆纤维8.5、沸石粉4、纯丙乳液6、葡萄糖酸钠0.2、纳米二氧化硅0.6、海藻粉3、沼渣2、牛粪5、鸟毛6、聚苯并咪唑1.8、适量水。
制作方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将玉米秸秆纤维用60-70℃的热水浸泡10-12小时，过滤投入发酵池内，加入沼渣、牛粪厌氧发酵7-10天，过滤烘干，粉碎至长度为10-20mm；
（2）将聚乙烯醇加水搅拌，加热至沸腾搅拌至全部溶解得8wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液，加入纯丙乳液、聚苯并咪唑、葡萄糖酸钠、纳米二氧化硅，保持温度超声波分散10-20分钟，制得包覆液；
（3）立即往包覆液中加入步骤（1）物料浸泡20-30分钟，取出冷却，在自然条件下晾干，物理分散得包覆改性的玉米秸秆纤维；
（4）将脱硫建筑石膏、包覆改性的玉米秸秆纤维混合同时加入石膏重量40-60%水搅拌5-7小时，陈化1-2天，加入其他剩余成分高速搅拌2-3小时得混合浆料；
（5）将上述混合浆料通过模压法制成试块，在室温条件下固化后脱模，放入电热鼓风恒温干燥箱中，在（30±2）℃条件下养护至绝对干燥，出料得纤维石膏板。
本发明制得的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板的技术指标如下：抗压强度为：9.87MPa， 抗折强度为 6.87MPa。
Claims (2)
1.一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：脱硫建筑石膏100、聚乙烯醇4.1-5.2、玉米秸秆纤维8.5-9.5、沸石粉2-4、纯丙乳液4-6、葡萄糖酸钠0.2-0.4、纳米二氧化硅0.4-0.6、海藻粉3-5、沼渣2-4、牛粪5-7、鸟毛6-8、聚苯并咪唑1.8-2.3、适量水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种保温耐腐蚀的玉米秸秆纤维石膏板的制作方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）将玉米秸秆纤维用60-70℃的热水浸泡10-12小时，过滤投入发酵池内，加入沼渣、牛粪厌氧发酵7-10天，过滤烘干，粉碎至长度为10-20mm；
（2）将聚乙烯醇加水搅拌，加热至沸腾搅拌至全部溶解得8wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液，加入纯丙乳液、聚苯并咪唑、葡萄糖酸钠、纳米二氧化硅，保持温度超声波分散10-20分钟，制得包覆液；
（3）立即往包覆液中加入步骤（1）物料浸泡20-30分钟，取出冷却，在自然条件下晾干，物理分散得包覆改性的玉米秸秆纤维；
（4）将脱硫建筑石膏、包覆改性的玉米秸秆纤维混合同时加入石膏重量40-60%水搅拌5-7小时，陈化1-2天，加入其他剩余成分高速搅拌2-3小时得混合浆料；
（5）将上述混合浆料通过模压法制成试块，在室温条件下固化后脱模，放入电热鼓风恒温干燥箱中，在（30±2）℃条件下养护至绝对干燥，出料得纤维石膏板。
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| CN109279827A (zh) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-29 | 安徽菲扬新材料有限公司 | 一种建筑墙体复合材料的生产工艺 |
| CN110698116A (zh) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-17 | 北新建材（嘉兴）有限公司 | 一种高握钉力石膏板的生产工艺 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109279827A (zh) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-29 | 安徽菲扬新材料有限公司 | 一种建筑墙体复合材料的生产工艺 |
| CN110698116A (zh) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-17 | 北新建材（嘉兴）有限公司 | 一种高握钉力石膏板的生产工艺 |
| CN110698116B (zh) * | 2019-10-22 | 2022-01-04 | 北新建材（嘉兴）有限公司 | 一种高握钉力石膏板的生产工艺 |
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