CN106238781B - 扩孔钻 - Google Patents
扩孔钻 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106238781B CN106238781B CN201610357452.4A CN201610357452A CN106238781B CN 106238781 B CN106238781 B CN 106238781B CN 201610357452 A CN201610357452 A CN 201610357452A CN 106238781 B CN106238781 B CN 106238781B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D77/00—Reaming tools
- B23D77/12—Reamers with cutting edges arranged in tapered form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/0018—Drills for enlarging a hole
- B23B51/0027—Drills for enlarging a hole by tool swivelling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D77/00—Reaming tools
- B23D77/02—Reamers with inserted cutting edges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D77/00—Reaming tools
- B23D77/02—Reamers with inserted cutting edges
- B23D77/025—Securing arrangements for cutting inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
- B23D2277/02—Cutting head and shank made from two different components which are releasably or non-releasably attached to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
- B23D2277/06—Connections between component parts
- B23D2277/061—Brazed connections
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
- B23D2277/24—Materials of the tool or the intended workpiece, methods of applying these materials
- B23D2277/2442—Diamond
- B23D2277/245—Diamond polycrystalline [PCD]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
- B23D2277/24—Materials of the tool or the intended workpiece, methods of applying these materials
- B23D2277/2464—Hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
- B23D2277/34—Reaming tools comprising cutting inserts made from different materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
- B23D2277/44—Reaming tools comprising chip grooves, i.e. flutes, of special form
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有基本钻体(12)和板状切削刀片(18)的扩孔钻,所述基本钻体由硬金属制成,所述板状切削刀片在前部处插入凹陷部(28)中。所述切削刀片(18)至少部分地由多晶金刚石制成,所述切削刀片的切削刃(20)在所述基本钻体(12)上相对于所述切削刃(30)轴向偏移设置,从而随后与所述工件接合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及扩孔钻,该扩孔钻用在前端处,以将之前所钻的开口(特别是诸如发动机汽缸盖里的气门导管的孔)高精度地扩大至所需尺寸。
背景技术
此类扩孔钻从例如CN102059399A中已知。这些扩孔钻在面向工件的前部处具有例如自由端,所述端部具有带切削刃的独立头部,并且可由比基本钻体材料更加坚硬的材料制成。另外,有些扩孔钻在距其圆周截面上的前端有一定距离之处具有多个独立的切削刀片,所述切削刀片各自为板状,并且插入到基本上沿基本钻体的长度延伸的纵向狭槽中。
有各种切削材料包括例如硬质金属被用于切削刃。此外,从理论上讲,多晶金刚石是一种有利的切削材料。然而,这种材料的很大缺点是高操作温度会导致其石墨化。这种情况尤其在黑色金属材料的加工中出现。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是制作一种扩孔钻,其中已存在由多晶金刚石制成的切削刃,然而这些切削刃在使用时不经受过高的温度,即在由多晶金刚石制成的切削刃上不出现这些温度。此外,旨在使该扩孔钻特别容易制造且具有高精度。
该目的通过一种具有基本钻体的扩孔钻而实现,基本钻体至少部分地由硬金属制成并且具有卡合端和与卡合端相背对的穿入工件的前端,所述前端具有前侧和沿圆周轴向突出的硬金属切削刃,所述前侧具有轴向凹陷部,其中插入有至少部分地由多晶金刚石制成的板状切削刀片,所述切削刀片具有多个径向突出的金刚石切削刃,首先由所述硬金属切削刃从所述前端开始切削,随后由所述金刚石切削刃进行切削,并且所述硬金属切削刃位于比所述金刚石切削刃的直径小的直径上。
本发明提供的穿入工件中的前端具有带轴向凹陷部的表面,至少部分地由多晶金刚石制成的板状切削刀片插入该轴向凹陷部中。与通常横向插入的细长切削刀片相比,该切削刀片位于端面处,并具有多个径向突出的切削刃。然而,这些切削刃起初不与工件接合。起初,与基本钻体一体地形成的硬金属切削刃在进给方向与工件接合并且增加工件的直径。仅在初始加工后,由多晶金刚石制成的板状切削刀片的切削刃才与工件接触。然后该金刚石切削刃必须只能将该直径增加百分之几毫米,可以说使得硬金属切削刃完成了准备工作,而多晶切削刃只需要从工件削去相对较少的材料,其结果是操作期间的温度上升非常低。当使用这种方法时,由多晶金刚石制造的切削刃不达到石墨化的临界温度。
根据本发明的扩孔钻具有若干其他优点。因为多晶金刚石板具有多个切削刃,所以很容易制造并且也容易附接到基本钻体。此外,与现有技术中的扩孔钻上使用的许多板相比,该板的成本相对较低。本发明可以用单个板来实现,并使用该切削刀片在圆周上产生若干切削刃。最后,由多晶金刚石制成的切削刀片附接到表面也是个很大的优点。其结果是,距硬金属切削刃的轴向距离相对较小。这继而意味着可以将盲孔或级形孔扩大至刚好在孔的底部或肩部之前,而距现有技术的扩孔钻的前端有相对净距离,其中该现有技术的扩孔钻具有横向突起的翼状的纵向延伸的切削刀片。必要的进给路线也被减少到最低限度。
为简单起见,以下称为金刚石切削刃的硬金属切削刃和由多晶金刚石制成的切削刃周向交替分布。然而,这两种类型的切削刃之间也可能有除1:1 之外的其他比例,例如2:3或1:2。这对协调这两种类型的切削刃的工作寿命可能有用。
正面的凹陷部优选垂直于纵向轴线运行,即其具有抵靠切削刀片的底部表面。
根据本发明的一个实施例,板状切削刀片本身垂直于扩孔钻的纵向轴线运行。
本发明允许为扩孔钻设计最大值小于5毫米的小直径,其齿数超过现有技术中可能的齿数。如本发明的一个实施例所提供的那样,硬金属切削刃和金刚石切削刃之间在直径方面的差值为通常小于1/10mm。
或者,切削板的切削材料可不由多晶金刚石制成,而是由比所述硬金属切削机的硬金属更坚硬的材料制成。
附图说明
本发明更多的特征和优点来自下文的描述和所参考的以下附图。
在附图中:
-图1示出了根据本发明的扩孔钻的分解图,
-图2示出了制造完成状态下的根据图1的扩孔钻。
具体实施方式
图1和图2均示出了扩孔钻10,该扩孔钻具有由硬金属制成的基本钻体 12。基本钻体12具有卡合端14,通过该卡合端可将基本钻体插入机床的接纳部中并由此旋转。
与卡合端相对的是所谓的前端16。板状切削刀片18附接到该前端16 的正面。切削刀片18具有多个围绕圆周分布的由多晶金刚石制成的切削刃 20。
切削刀片本身是具有上层或上板22与底层承板24的复合部件,其中上层或上板由多晶金刚石制成,底层承板由硬金属制成。两个板22,24烧结在一起并形成一个单元。
夹持器12在其前侧26上的前端16处继而具有轴向凹陷部28,该前端是平的,并与扩孔钻的纵向轴线成直角对齐。
类似于冠状尖端的多个指状物穿过该轴向凹陷部28突出,该指状物中的每个形成整个扩孔钻的端部,这些端部最大限度地向前沿轴向突出。在这些端部的外周形成有硬金属切削刃30,因此在这种情况下,作为基本钻体的整体部分的三个尖端或指状物由硬金属制成。这些硬金属切削刃位于相对于扩孔钻中心轴线和旋转轴线的直径上,该直径略小于金刚石切削刃20所处的直径。
在具有朝前指向的承板24的前端16处,切削刀片18被提前置于凹陷部28的基面上,这一点也由图1中的参考数字28的箭头指示出,并且切削刀片18牢固地连接到由硬金属制成的基本钻体上。
轴向突出的冠状或指状突起形成硬金属切削刃30,这些突起的面朝中心 (即径向朝内)的表面34是切削刀片18在插入时大致对齐的表面。
在图2所示的扩孔钻的完整设计中,在轴向进给方向X上,硬金属切削刃30位于金刚石切削刃20之前,使得硬金属切削刃先与工件接触,然后将工件切出较大直径。随后切削刃20才与工件接合。然而,由于切削刃20所处的直径略大于该处硬金属切削刃30所处的同轴布置的直径,并且优选地仅比该处同轴布置的直径大1/10mm以下,必须由金刚石切削刃提供的切削能力非常低,因此金刚石切削刃20上产生的热量也非常低。
当然,基本钻体可由若干部分构成,例如靠近前端16的硬金属部分以及在卡合端14区域中的更坚硬、更便宜的金属。
从图1和图2明显看出,基本钻体12具有冠状设计的前端、切削刃连同其上形成有这些切削刃的突出指状物,其中这些突出指状物形成冠的尖端。
切削刀片18继而具有星形、板状设计。金刚石切削刃20形成尖端。
为了精确地相对于切削刃30使切削刃20居中,仅在已铜焊切削刀片18 后对切削刃20进行精磨,使得切削刃20也相对于基本钻体12的中心轴线而居中。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有基本钻体(12)的扩孔钻,所述基本钻体至少部分地由硬金属制成并且具有卡合端(14)和与所述卡合端相背对的穿入工件的前端(16),所述前端具有前侧(26)和沿圆周轴向突出的硬金属切削刃(30),所述前侧(26)具有轴向凹陷部(28),其中插入有至少部分地由多晶金刚石制成的板状切削刀片(18),所述切削刀片具有多个径向突出的金刚石切削刃(20),首先由所述硬金属切削刃(30)从所述前端(16)开始切削,随后由所述金刚石切削刃(20)进行切削,并且所述硬金属切削刃(30)位于比所述金刚石切削刃(20)的直径小的直径上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的扩孔钻,其特征在于所述硬金属切削刃(30)和所述金刚石切削刃(20)沿圆周交替分布;并且,这两种类型的切削刃之间具有1:1、2:3或1:2的比例。
3.根据权利要求1所述的扩孔钻,其特征在于所述轴向凹陷部(28)具有垂直于所述扩孔钻的纵向轴线的基面,并且/或者所述切削刀片(18)被布置成使其平坦表面与所述扩孔钻的纵向轴线垂直。
4.根据权利要求1所述的扩孔钻,其特征在于所述基本钻体(12)的所述前端(16)是冠状的,并且所述硬金属切削刃位于冠的尖端上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的扩孔钻,其特征在于所述切削刀片(18)具有带尖端的星形设计,在所述尖端上形成所述金刚石切削刃(30)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的扩孔钻,其特征在于所述切削刀片(18)铜焊到所述基本钻体(12)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的扩孔钻,其特征在于所述切削刀片(18)是具有多晶金刚石前层和相邻硬金属承载层的复合部件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的扩孔钻,其特征在于所述切削刀片(18)具有至少两个金刚石切削刃(20)。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的扩孔钻,其特征在于所述硬金属切削刃(30)处的直径与所述金刚石切削刃(20)处的直径之间的差值小于1/10mm。
10.根据权利要求8所述的扩孔钻,其特征在于所述至少两个金刚石切削刃沿圆周均匀地分布。
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DE102015108902.5A DE102015108902B3 (de) | 2015-06-05 | 2015-06-05 | Reibahle |
DE102015108902.5 | 2015-06-05 |
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CN106238781A CN106238781A (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
CN106238781B true CN106238781B (zh) | 2019-10-08 |
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US (1) | US9895757B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN106238781B (zh) |
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US11241747B2 (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2022-02-08 | Iscar, Ltd. | Cutting tool and undersized bore-less indexable insert therefor |
CN114411848A (zh) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-29 | 中交疏浚技术装备国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种绞刀头刀齿螺旋渐变式排布设计实现方法及绞刀头 |
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GB201116115D0 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2011-11-02 | White Jamie | Combination drill reamer for machining advanced materials |
CN103419284A (zh) * | 2012-05-21 | 2013-12-04 | 博世电动工具(中国)有限公司 | 钻头 |
CN203778835U (zh) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-08-20 | 上海新山田精密刀具有限公司 | 可微调切削直径的切削刀具 |
-
2015
- 2015-06-05 DE DE102015108902.5A patent/DE102015108902B3/de active Active
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2016
- 2016-05-26 CN CN201610357452.4A patent/CN106238781B/zh active Active
- 2016-06-02 US US15/171,543 patent/US9895757B2/en active Active
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DE102015108902B3 (de) | 2016-07-07 |
US9895757B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
CN106238781A (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
US20160354849A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
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