CN106236329A - 椎间植入物和椎间植入物与插入椎间植入物的器械的系统 - Google Patents

椎间植入物和椎间植入物与插入椎间植入物的器械的系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106236329A
CN106236329A CN201610395788.XA CN201610395788A CN106236329A CN 106236329 A CN106236329 A CN 106236329A CN 201610395788 A CN201610395788 A CN 201610395788A CN 106236329 A CN106236329 A CN 106236329A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
implant
intervertebral implant
intervertebral
lower wall
upper wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610395788.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
L·比德尔曼
T·比德尔曼
A·齐普泽
G·德雷埃尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biedermann Motech GmbH and Co KG
Biedermann Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Biedermann Technologies GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biedermann Technologies GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Biedermann Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Publication of CN106236329A publication Critical patent/CN106236329A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

提供一种椎间植入物,其包括:主体,其具有配置成接合第一椎体终板的上壁和配置成接合第二椎体终板的下壁,以及负荷传递部件,其配置成在上壁和下壁之间传递负荷;其中负荷传递部件配置成呈压缩状态和膨胀状态,在压缩状态下上壁和下壁之间的距离限定植入物的第一高度,在膨胀状态下上壁和下壁之间的距离限定大于第一高度的植入物的第二高度;其中负荷传递部件在至少两个连接位置上附连到上壁并且在至少两个连接位置上附连到下壁并且在植入物的前视图中具有大致X形状;并且其中植入物由具有形状记忆性质的材料制造,其允许植入物在没有作用于它的外力的情况下保持在压缩状态并且响应将温度引导到恢复水平而变化到膨胀状态。

Description

椎间植入物和椎间植入物与插入椎间植入物的器械的系统
技术领域
本发明涉及椎间植入物和这样的椎间植入物与用于插入椎间植入物的器械的系统。椎间植入物包括主体,所述主体具有配置成接合第一椎体终板的上壁和配置成接合第二椎体终板的下壁,以及负荷传递部件,所述负荷传递部件配置成在所述上壁和所述下壁之间传递负荷,其中所述负荷传递部件配置成呈压缩状态和膨胀状态,在所述压缩状态下所述植入物具有第一高度,在所述膨胀状态下所述植入物具有大于所述第一高度的第二高度,并且其中所述植入物由具有形状记忆性质的材料制造。一种器械配置成附连到所述植入物并且将所述植入物保持在压缩状态而不施加外力以将它保持在压缩状态。
背景技术
该类型的椎间植入物从US 2013/0166030 A1获知。该椎间植入物包括具有至少一个支柱的负荷传递部件,所述支柱具有与上壁或下壁整体地形成的第一端部和自由的第二端部。
US 2008/0167686 A1描述一种包括非刚性主体的椎间间隔器,所述主体具有上梁构件和下梁构件。下梁构件的上内表面和上梁构件的下表面可以限定卵形中空部分。间隔器也可以包括在中空部分内从内侧壁的一部分延伸到内侧壁的另一部分的支撑构件。在一个实施例中,支撑构件在四个位置处附连到内侧壁并且在中空部分内形成X形状,将中空部分分成四个区域。间隔器可以由镍钛合金制造。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种椎间植入物,其允许简化插入和椎间隙的平缓膨胀,同时提供良好的融合。此外,应当提供适合于插入椎间植入物的器械以及椎间植入物和器械的系统。
该目的由根据权利要求1的椎间植入物和由根据权利要求15的系统实现。在从属权利要求中给出另外的改进。
椎间植入物可以在压缩状态下插入椎间隙中而不施加外部压缩力以将植入物保持在压缩状态。可选地植入物也可以在宽度方向上被压缩。在插入之后,植入物自膨胀,即它仅仅通过体热的影响呈膨胀状态。由此,两个相邻椎骨之间的距离平缓地扩大到由植入物在膨胀和压缩状态下的高度差限定的预定距离。植入物可以压缩到具有高度的约25%或更多减小。膨胀状态下的植入物的几何形状由可以通过朝着恢复水平(recovery level)引导温度呈现的植入物的记忆形状限定,在所述恢复水平之上形状记忆材料已改变其结构。这样的恢复水平可以是镍钛合金的Af温度,其可以优选地在约20℃到约35℃之间并且更优选地在约25℃到约30℃之间,使得植入物可以在体温的影响下膨胀。可以通过选择材料的化学组成和/或材料的处理获得植入物的性质。
植入物是单体。提供在前视图中具有X形状的负荷传递部件。因此,大致在上壁和下壁之间的植入物的中间提供支撑主结构。通过X形状提供连接到上壁的两个臂和连接到下壁的两个腿部,其中臂和腿部在上壁和下壁之间的位置处连接在一起。臂之间的角可以大于一个臂和一个腿部之间的角。负荷传递部件的臂和/或腿部的厚度可以在到上和/或下壁的连接位置处或附近增加。这样的增强厚度延长在循环负荷下的植入物的寿命。
上和下壁可以大致彼此平行或者可以相对于彼此倾斜。在倾斜上和下壁的情况下,植入物可以例如在腰椎的区域中在正常脊柱前凸的情况下使用以便矫正异常脊柱前凸。而且,上和/或下壁可以是大致平坦的。
俯视图中的植入物的外部轮廓可以是直的以适合于XLIF程序或者可以为香蕉形以适合于TLIF程序。另外,可以提供侧壁以便于插入和/或增加扭转刚度。这样的侧壁可以朝着外端缩窄以提供在外端处的减小宽度以便更容易插入。而且,侧壁可以提供用于附连器械的特征。可选地,侧壁可以具有开口以便在插入植入物之后填充骨移植物。
为了更好地固定到椎体的终板,多个骨接合突起或齿可以设在上壁和/或下壁上。齿可以仅仅设在负荷传递部件的区域中。在侧视图中,提供齿的上壁或下壁的区域可以是平坦的。齿可以成排被提供并且齿的高度可以朝着排的端部减小。这便于植入物的插入。而且,该设计允许更好地适合于椎体。齿可以定位在在压缩状态下植入物的侧视图中的最高轮廓之下。由此齿不在插入期间形成障碍物。在特定设计中,齿可以具有大致在植入物的插入方向上延伸的类似龙骨形状。这在插入期间接触椎体的终板的情况下提供引导。类似龙骨形状也防止插入椎间植入物之后的位移。
植入物的刚度由于可以在膨胀状态下具有超弹性性质的材料而稍稍减小以适合于脊柱的生物力学。此外,植入物具有敞开结构。由此,融合性质改善。植入物可以从上壁到下壁完全或部分开槽以额外地改善植入物与环境的融合。由槽生成的部分主体可以具有不同宽度和/或形状。
植入物可以涂覆有促进骨材料、组织或血管的向内生长的活性或非活性剂,药剂物质和/或便于滑动的材料。
由于植入物的小高度和可选地小宽度,可以微创地执行插入。可以在不施加高力的情况(例如在打击植入物的情况下就是如此)下执行插入。使用工具改变植入物的高度的机制不是必要的。椎间植入物的应用的特定领域是腰椎的治疗。
用于插入椎间植入物的器械配置成在压缩状态下连接到椎间植入物而不压缩它并且配置成在放置之后从植入物拆卸。器械可以具有两个臂或托架,其可以闭合以接合植入物并且可以打开以释放植入物。
在第一方面,植入物包括在植入物的外壁上、优选地在侧壁上的附连突起,并且器械可以连接到附连突起。
在第二方面,植入物包括设在植入物的内部的可旋转构件,其可以由器械接合。器械包括两个托架,其配置成接合可旋转构件使得植入物和器械相对于彼此可旋转。
在第三方面,器械可以通过由器械的臂上的圆柱形突起提供的枢轴接头附连到植入物,所述圆柱形突起可旋转地接收在植入物的凹陷中,优选地接收在上壁和下壁中。
在第四方面,器械包括套筒和臂,所述臂呈通过套筒引导的丝线的形式并且均具有接合部分以接合植入物。丝线可以相对于彼此移位使得植入物可以沿着弯曲轨迹前进。丝线中的一个用于压紧植入物并且另一个用于牵引植入物。丝线可以由镍钛合金制造。
在第五方面,器械包括具有弯曲部分的至少一个丝线,其中丝线通过植入物在插入的方向上被引导。植入物可以沿着至少一个丝线被推动以沿着弯曲轨迹类似于在轨道中移动。
在第六方面,植入物包括大致在插入的方向上延伸的龙骨状齿。在压缩状态下,植入物的高度使得龙骨状齿可以接合椎体的终板。器械可以附连到植入物的一个端部并且通过龙骨状齿与椎体终板的接合引导植入物。
根据第一至第六方面的器械不限于与根据实施例的椎间植入物结合使用而是也可以与其它椎间植入物一起使用。
附图说明
借助于附图从实施例的描述将显而易见本发明的另外特征和优点。在附图中:
图1显示在膨胀状态下的椎间植入物的第一实施例的透视图。
图2显示图1的椎间植入物的前视图。
图3显示图1和图2的椎间植入物的侧视图。
图4显示图1和图2的椎间植入物的俯视图。
图5显示在压缩状态下的图1至图4的椎间植入物的透视图。
图6显示在压缩状态下的图5的椎间植入物的前视图。
图7显示图5和图6的椎间植入物的侧视图。
图8显示图5至图7的椎间植入物的俯视图。
图9显示在膨胀状态下的根据第二实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图10显示图9的椎间植入物的前视图。
图11显示图9和图10的椎间植入物的侧视图。
图12显示在膨胀状态下的根据第三实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图13显示图12的椎间植入物的前视图。
图14显示在膨胀状态下的根据第四实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图15显示图14的椎间植入物的侧视图。
图16显示在膨胀状态下的根据第五实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图17显示图16的椎间植入物的前视图。
图18显示在膨胀状态下的根据第六实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图19显示图18的椎间植入物的俯视图。
图20显示在膨胀状态下的根据第七实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图21显示图20的椎间植入物的俯视图。
图22显示图20和21的椎间植入物的侧视图。
图23显示在膨胀状态下的根据第八实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图24显示图23的椎间植入物的俯视图。
图25显示在膨胀状态下的根据第九实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图26显示图25的椎间植入物的侧视图。
图27显示在膨胀状态下的根据第十实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图28显示图27的椎间植入物的侧视图。
图29a至图29d显示插入根据先前实施例中的一个的椎间植入物和膨胀植入物的步骤。
图30示意性地显示具有用于附连器械的外壁上的附连突起的椎间植入物的透视图。
图31示意性地显示具有用于附连器械的外壁上的修改附连突起的椎间植入物的透视图。
图32示意性地显示具有根据图30或图31的附连突起和与其附连的器械的椎间植入物的透视图。
图33示意性地显示具有在植入物的内部的可旋转构件和附连到可旋转构件的器械的椎间植入物的透视图。
图34示意性地显示椎间植入物和图33的可旋转构件和与其附连的器械。
图35显示椎间植入物和以枢轴接头的方式可连接到椎间植入物的器械的透视图。
图36显示椎间植入物的前视图和图35的器械的侧视图。
图37显示由器械接合的图35和36的椎间植入物的透视图。
图38显示植入物的前视图和接合植入物的图37的器械的侧视图。
图39显示相对于彼此旋转的根据图35至38的植入物和器械的透视图。
图40显示图39的植入物和器械的透视图,其中植入物从器械释放。
图41显示器械的另一实施例的透视图。
图42a至42c显示用图41的器械接合和移动椎间植入物至植入部位和在放置之后释放植入物的步骤的透视图。
图42d显示如图42c中所示的植入物和器械的俯视图。
图43显示处于第一位置的附连到椎间植入物的器械的又一实施例的透视图。
图44显示图43中所示的器械和椎间植入物的俯视图。
图45显示处于第二位置的图43中所示的植入物和器械的透视图。
图46显示图45中所示的植入物和器械的俯视图。
图47显示处于第一位置的附连到植入物的器械的又一实施例的透视图。
图48显示处于第二位置的图47的器械和植入物的透视图。
图49显示图47的修改器械和植入物的透视图。
图50显示图47至图49中所示的器械的另一修改的透视图。
图51显示根据又一实施例的椎间植入物的透视图。
图52显示具有与其附连的又一器械的图51的椎间植入物的透视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考图1至4,根据第一实施例的椎间植入物10是整体件,其包括通过负荷传递部件连接的上壁1和下壁2。上壁1和下壁2大致彼此平行。限定长度向方向的上壁1和下壁2的长度L使得椎间植入物10可以完全容纳在两个椎骨之间的椎间隙中。上壁1和下壁2的宽度W小于长度L。上壁1和下壁2稍稍向外弯曲或者具有两个倾斜表面部分使得在膨胀状态下的植入物10的最大高度H2在长度向方向上的植入物的中心被提供。负荷传递部件包括两个臂3和两个腿部4,其中臂3均在连接位置a处连接到上壁1并且其中腿部在连接位置b处连接到下壁2。连接位置a和b处于长度向方向上的上壁1和下壁2的相应端部处。在连接位置处的上壁1和臂之间以及下壁2和腿部4之间的过渡可以是圆形的。在俯视图中,如图4中所示,上壁1和下壁2具有矩形轮廓。然而应当注意,另一轮廓是可能的,例如,梯形轮廓、香蕉形轮廓或另外形状的轮廓。
臂3在近似地处于高度方向上的上壁1和下壁2之间的中间的连接位置c处彼此连接并且连接到腿部4。而且,连接位置c近似地在长度向方向上的上壁1和下壁2的相应端部之间的中间。因此,在前视图中,如图2中所示,负荷传递部件具有大致X形状。特别地在图3中可以看到,臂3和腿部4在整个宽度W上延伸。如进一步所示,臂3和腿部4具有大致矩形横截面。
臂3之间的角β近似地在约100°到约150°的范围内。臂3和面对臂3的腿部4之间的角α为180°-β。因此,角α在约30°到约80°之间。负荷传递部件关于延伸通过连接位置c并且在宽度方向上延伸的平面对称。借助于此提供优化的负荷传递。
植入物10配置成呈两种最终状态,膨胀状态和压缩状态,在所述膨胀状态下高度方向上的上壁1和下壁2之间的距离H2最大,如图1至3中所示,在所述压缩状态下上壁1和下壁2之间的距离H1最小,如图5至7中所示。在压缩状态下臂3和腿部4扩展使得角β变大并且角α变小。由此,特别地在图5和6中可以看到,臂3和腿部4在长度向方向上呈弯曲或波形形状。而且,在压缩状态下臂3和腿部4可以分别在位置a1和b1处接触上壁1和下壁2的内表面。在膨胀状态和压缩状态下植入物的高度差H2减去H1可以等于或大于膨胀状态下的高度H1的25%。此外,在压缩状态下,上壁1和下壁2可以稍稍变形使得它们提供平坦顶部和底部,但是具有面朝着植入物的内部的稍稍弯曲的内表面。
在从压缩状态膨胀到膨胀状态期间椎间植入物可以呈中间状态,其中上壁1和下壁2之间的距离还未达到高度方向上的完全的距离H2。
椎间植入物10由形状记忆材料制造。这样的形状记忆材料优选地是形状记忆合金,如具有形状记忆性质的镍钛合金,特别是镍钛诺(Nitinol)。优选地,材料是根据标准ASTM F 2063具有约50到52at.%(原子百分比)镍、优选约50.2到51.5at.%镍和最优选约50.6到51.0at.%镍的镍含量的镍钛合金。在恢复水平,材料已转变为另一微观状态并且可以呈记忆形状。在形状记忆合金(如镍钛合金)的情况下,恢复水平可以是合金的奥氏体结束温度Af。优选地奥氏体结束温度Af在约23℃到约32℃的范围内,并且最优选地在25℃到30℃之间。因此,植入物10可以仅仅通过体热的施加而膨胀。植入物10配置成在较低温度下可变形以呈压缩状态,例如在低于室温的温度下,其中室温为23℃±3℃左右。而且,植入物配置成在约室温的温度下保持在压缩状态下而没有外力的施加。马氏体开始温度Ms和马氏体结束温度Mf根据ASTM F 2063与奥氏体开始温度As和奥氏体结束温度Af相联系。
例如,植入物10可以涂覆有聚合物、活性剂或金属基材。聚合物可以是、但不限于超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE),高模量聚乙烯(HMPE),高性能聚乙烯(HPPE),羟基磷灰石,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),帕利灵,抗菌涂层(由PBT和各种其它物质构成的嵌段共聚醚酯,如聚氧化四亚甲(PTMO),聚氧化乙烯-聚氧化丙烯-聚氧化乙烯(PEO-PPO-PEO),聚氧化乙烯(PEO),纳米颗粒或纳米复合材料,聚醚醚酮(PEEK),CFC-PEEK,聚氟乙烯(PVF),聚异丁烯(PIB),聚碳酸酯聚氨酯(PCU),聚磷腈,聚丙交酯(PLs)(在这里最重要的是聚L-丙交酯,聚D,L-乳酸,共聚物,聚(L-丙交酯共乙交酯),聚(D,L-丙交酯共乙交酯),聚(L-丙交酯共D,L-丙交酯),聚(L-丙交酯共三亚甲基碳酸酯)),聚羟基丁酸(PHBs),聚β-羟烷基酯(PHAs),多糖,壳聚糖,果聚糖,透明质酸,肝素,葡聚糖和纤维素。活性物质可以是、但不限于基于下列的药物:异黄酮或代谢物,具有嵌入羟基磷灰石颗粒的硫酸钙,与庆大霉素混合的羟基磷灰石和硫酸钙,莫司化合物,优选西罗莫司(雷帕霉素)、佐他莫司(zotarolimus)、他克莫司(tacrolimus)、藤霉素(fujimycin)、biolimus、依维莫司(everolimus)。金属基材可以是、但不限于具有等于或大于99at.%的镁含量的超纯镁,硅,钙。特别地该类型的镁可以增强骨材料、组织和血管的向内生长。
现在参考图9至11,椎间植入物10'的第二实施例与第一实施例的区别仅仅在于上壁1'和下壁2'相对于彼此倾斜。倾斜角γ可以为例如5°或10°或适合于治疗脊柱的脊柱前凸段的任何其它角。所有其它部件和部分与第一实施例相同并且将不重复其描述。植入物10'可以特别地用于矫正脊柱前凸。
如图12和13中所示的椎间植入物的第三实施例与第一实施例的区别在于臂和腿部的厚度。在前视图中看到,臂和腿部的厚度分别在连接位置a和c或b和c之间最小。朝着连接位置a和b的增强厚度提供膨胀状态下的植入物的高强度,同时允许低温下的植入物的变形以使它处于压缩状态。靠近连接位置a和b的厚度可以分别为连接位置c和连接位置a和b之间的中间的臂和腿部的厚度的约两倍。应当注意根据第三实施例的植入物也可以具有倾斜的上和下壁。
植入物的第四实施例在图14和15中示出。植入物10”'与根据第一实施例的植入物的区别在于提供在长度向方向上延伸通过上壁1和下壁2以及通过臂3和腿部4的长形槽5。在其两个端部上槽5通到可以具有圆形形状的凹陷6。凹陷6也通过臂3和腿部4从上壁1延伸到下壁2。槽5的目的是形成敞开结构以便于周围材料(如骨材料、组织和血管等)的向内生长。凹陷6可以具有任何其它形状或者甚至可以被省略。然而,凹陷6和槽5可以允许也在宽度向方向上压缩植入物。
如图16和17中所示的根据第五实施例的植入物10””附加地包括侧壁7,所述侧壁在两个端部处连接上壁1和下壁2使得上壁1和下壁2和侧壁7形成封闭的环。侧壁7可以凸出地向外弯曲并且植入物的高度朝着长度向方向上的侧壁7的中心减小以便于植入物的插入。通过侧壁7可以增加植入物的扭转刚度。此外,侧壁7可以用于将器械附连到那里,如下面更详细地所述。
现在参考图18和19,植入物100的第六实施例包括具有用于接合椎体终板的多个骨接合部分或齿8的上壁1”和下壁2”。此外,上壁1'和下壁2'彼此成一定角度。所有其它部件和部分与第一实施例中相同并且将不重复其描述。齿8沿着宽度方向成排地布置并且在长度向方向上连续地延伸。特别地如图18中所示,齿8具有带有尖锐牙顶8a的类似龙骨(keel-like)形状。面朝着植入物的前面的牙侧8b可以具有不同于(例如可以大于)面朝着植入物的后面的牙侧8c的陡度。然而,取决于应用,龙骨状齿8也可以具有对称牙侧。在图18中可以看到,一排齿可以设在宽度向方向上的上壁1”和下壁2”的最外位置处。齿的高度可以朝着排的外端减小以便于插入。在椎体之间插入植入物的过程中具有类似龙骨形状的齿8不形成障碍物(如果在插入期间与椎体终板有接触的话),原因是牙顶在长度向方向上是连续的。在放置植入物之后齿8可以用于固定以防在垂直于插入方向的侧向方向上的位移。
在图20至22中显示包括上壁和下壁上的齿的植入物的另一例子。根据第七实施例的植入物100'包括在上壁1'和下壁2'上的金字塔形齿8'的排。同样在该实施例中,上壁1'和下壁2'相对于彼此成一定角度。分别从上壁1'和下壁2'的表面测量的齿8'的高度朝着上壁1'和下壁2'长度向方向上的中心减小。这保证在膨胀状态下多数或所有齿8'接合椎体终板的表面。另外,宽度向方向上的齿8'的宽度可以朝着上壁1'和下壁2'的端部减小。齿8'的排仅仅设在连接位置a和b之间的区域中。在上壁1'和下壁2'的端部处提供长形齿8'a,其具有朝着最外端减小的高度以便于插入。长形齿8'a由朝着上壁和下壁的外端缩窄的V形槽口81分离。植入物100'也可以具有长形贯通槽5。
现在参考图23至24,显示椎间植入物的第八实施例。椎间植入物100”'具有从前侧看到的凸曲率。当在俯视图中看时,椎间植入物100”'的轮廓为香蕉形或肾形。这样的植入物可以适合于TLIF(经椎间孔椎体间融合)程序。上壁1”和下壁2”包括齿8”的排,其中牙顶在宽度向方向上延伸。提供贯通槽5',其通过植入物从上壁1”延伸到下壁2”并且具有对应于上壁1”和下壁2”的曲率的曲率。在图中可以看到,齿的牙顶在宽度向方向上从上壁1”和下壁2”的边缘连续地延伸。此外,齿8”仅仅分别设在连接位置a和b之间的区域中。提供连接上壁1”和下壁2”的侧壁7。侧壁7可以在宽度向方向上朝着植入物的最外端缩窄以便于插入。
接着,参考图25和26描述植入物的第九实施例。形成没有弯曲轮廓的植入物10””,因此适合于XLIF(极外侧椎体间融合)程序。植入物10””具有贯通槽5”,所述贯通槽具有这样的宽度使得上壁1”'和下壁2”'仅仅由撑杆状部分1a、2a形成,如图26中最佳地所见。提供具有V形轮廓的侧壁7',V形轮廓的尖端朝着植入物10””的中心定向。开口7a设在每个侧壁7的中心处,其可以用于附连器械并且有助于植入物10””的敞开结构。
接着,关于图27至28描述植入物的第十实施例,其中植入物具有直轮廓。贯通槽5”'完全通过植入物1000从上壁1延伸到下壁2。贯通槽5”'长度向方向上的外端的轮廓为V形,V形状的尖端指向植入物长度向方向上的外端。上壁1和下壁2由侧壁7”连接,其中侧壁7”包括具有与槽5”'大约相同的宽度的槽7b。槽7b的端部具有V形轮廓,V形状的尖端指向植入物长度向方向上的外端。因此,通过槽7b和槽5”'将植入物1000分成经由V形撑杆彼此连接的两个主体1001、1002。侧壁7”在高度方向上的大约中心处槽7b相比于朝着V形撑杆7c的剩余部分可以较窄。通过该设计,植入物1000基本上由两个植入物主体组成,所述植入物主体平行地布置并且通过结构连接,所述结构允许也在宽度方向上压缩植入物1000。因此,当插入压缩植入物1000时,它不仅可以在高度方向上而且在宽度方向上膨胀。
现在参考图29a至29d,示出在两个相邻椎骨之间插入植入物的程序。尽管显示第一实施例的植入物10,但是对于根据上述的实施例的所有其它植入物或对于具有上述的实施例的特征的组合的植入物程序是相同或相似的。使植入物10进入压缩状态。这通过冷却植入物实现,例如通过用0.9%的NaCl溶液处理使得它可以变形。工具可以用于变形,例如,卷边工具(未显示)。可以实现变形的温度优选地低于室温。
植入物可以被压缩使得它具有高度H1。可选地,如果植入物的设计允许,植入物也可以在宽度方向上被压缩。在压缩植入物之后,植入物附连到器械50。器械50可以具有两个托架51,其可以呈闭合位置以保持植入物并且可以呈打开位置以释放植入物。托架51(在图中描绘其中的一个)可以在臂3和腿部4的连接位置c处或任何其它位置处保持植入物。器械50配置成保持植入物而不施加将植入物保持在压缩状态的外力。而是,植入物自身保持在压缩状态,原因是它所暴露的温度完全低于恢复水平。然后,如图29a和29b中所示,例如使用外侧进路(lateral approach)将椎间植入物10引入椎间隙中。上壁1和下壁2之间的圆形过渡部分用于平滑地插入植入物10。如果植入物具有在上壁和下壁上的齿,则齿在压缩状态下可以在植入物的具有最大高度的部分之下使得在插入期间保护椎体终板免于受损。在放置植入物10之后,致动器械50以释放植入物使得植入物在压缩状态下在椎骨之间,如图29c中所示。
然后,通过体热的作用植入物10开始膨胀,由此扩大椎间隙直到它已获得具有最大高度H2的膨胀状态,如图29d中所示。在膨胀状态下,臂3和腿部4承受作用于上壁1的负荷并且将它传递到下壁2。由于超弹性材料,植入物如常规材料(如钛)一样刚性较小。如果植入物包括诸如齿的骨接合部分,齿接合椎体终板以防止椎间植入物10的运动。如果植入物也在宽度方向上被压缩,在体热的影响下的膨胀也在宽度方向上发生,由此允许更大宽度的负荷转移,这使植入物10更稳定。如果植入物具有呈大致在插入方向上延伸的龙骨状齿的形式的接合部分,则龙骨状齿可以提供引导结构以便在外侧进路中引导植入物的插入。
在下面,显示将器械附连到植入物的方面。图30至32在透视图中示意性地显示将器械附连到植入物的第一方面,其中器械在外部、更具体地在植入物的一个外端处被附连。图30至32中所示的植入物101仅仅是植入物的示意性表示,其中前述的植入物的实施例的负荷传递部件的臂和腿部被省略。植入物101具有上壁1和下壁2以及连接侧壁7。在侧壁7中的一个处提供外部连接结构20。在图30中连接结构20具有突球(knob)21的形状,其通过具有比突球21更小的外径或宽度的颈部22连接到植入物。在图31所示的例子中,外部连接结构20是双钩23。双钩23限定的旋转轴线垂直于上壁和下壁并且因此,如果相应器械具有接合轴线,植入物101可以相对于器械旋转一定程度。
图32示意性地显示外部连接部分由器械50'接合,所述器械具有处于闭合位置的托架51'、52'以保持接合部分20。托架51'、52'可以打开以释放植入物101。
参考图33和34,将器械附连到植入物的第二方面包括提供可旋转构件,所述可旋转构件可以由器械接合以允许植入物相对于器械旋转。如果植入物沿着弯曲轨迹插入椎间隙中,这是有用的。如图33中所示,植入物102包括在靠近侧壁7中的一个的位置处容纳在植入物102中的可旋转套筒30。如果上壁1和下壁2大致平行,旋转轴线大致垂直于上壁1和下壁2。在脊柱前凸和倾斜上和下壁的情况下,旋转轴线以由上壁和下壁的倾斜角限定的角与上壁和下壁交叉。可旋转构件30可以具有外部夹持结构,如可以由器械夹持的纵向波纹或沟槽。器械50”包括两个托架51”,所述托架配置成接合可旋转构件30并且紧紧地保持可旋转构件30。通过该设计,植入物102的主体相对于器械50”可旋转使得植入物102可以沿着弯曲轨迹插入。
参考图35至40示出将器械附连到椎间植入物的第三方面。椎间植入物103类似于图23至24中所示的椎间植入物100”',区别在于在连接上壁1”和下壁2”的端部中的一个处特定形成的侧壁7”'。侧壁7”'具有V形轮廓,V形状的尖端朝着植入物的中心定向。在形成到上壁1”和下壁2”的连接的侧壁部分的每一个中的最外端处提供用作器械的接合部分的圆柱段形凹陷9。圆柱段形凹陷9具有这样的尺寸使得器械的圆柱形突起可以从上方和下方接合凹陷并且一旦接合,不能侧向地去除。圆柱轴线大致垂直于上壁1”和下壁2”。器械50”'包括在套筒52中引导的两个臂51”'。套筒52相对于臂可移位。臂51”'例如可以成形为扁杆,其在靠近它们的自由端的区域中稍稍凸出地弯曲并且包括配合到圆柱段形凹陷9中的圆柱形突起53。臂51”'以这样的方式延伸到套筒52之外使得在打开位置圆柱形突起53之间的距离大于圆柱段形凹陷9高度方向上的距离。此外,当套筒52相对于臂51”'在臂51”'的自由端的方向上移位时臂,51”'配置成朝着彼此弹性地可移动。因此,臂51”'可以呈闭合位置,如图37和38中所示,其中圆柱形突起53接合凹陷9并且由此植入物103由器械保持。圆柱形突起53和凹陷9形成枢轴接头,所述枢轴接头允许植入物103相对于器械围绕由圆柱形凹陷9和突起53限定的轴线枢转。
在使用中,首先,臂51”'处于打开位置,如图35和36中所示,并且朝着植入物103移动。通过相对于臂51”'在臂的自由端的方向上移位套筒52,圆柱形突起53接合凹陷9,如图37和38中所示。臂处于闭合位置并且保持植入物。在闭合位置植入物可以相对于器械旋转使得植入物可以沿着弯曲轨迹插入,如图39中所示。在放置植入物103之后,套筒52缩回并且臂移动到打开位置,由此释放植入物103。应当注意,椎间植入物可以具有根据先前所述的实施例的任何设计。然而,为了便于插入,可能有利的是具有可以在其中建立枢轴接头的侧壁。
将参考图41至42d描述将器械附连到植入物的第四方面。如图42a中所示,植入物可以与(如参考图23和24所述的)植入物100”'相同或相似地成形。然而,任何其它植入物设计也可以与该器械结合使用。参考图41,器械500包括两个臂501、502,在每个臂的自由端处具有接合部分503以便接合植入物100”'。接合部分503包括配置成保持椎间植入物的一部分的凹陷或突起或钩状部分。更详细地,如图42a中所示,接合部分503具有接合植入物的侧壁7的一部分的两个相对凹陷503a。臂501、502形成为丝线(wires)并且具有一定的挠性。特别地,丝线可以由镍钛合金制造并且可以至少在植入物的插入期间出现的温度范围内具有超弹性性质。这允许在植入物的插入期间容易地弯曲臂。臂501、502在套筒504中被引导并且可以相对于套筒504移位使得臂可以以不同长度突出到套筒之外。为了在插入期间允许植入物100”'沿着弯曲轨迹前进,一个臂501用作压力臂并且另一臂502用作张力臂。在器械(未显示)的后端处,臂可以经由手轮被连接,所述手轮允许将压力臂501进一步移动到套筒504之外并且同时缩回张力臂502。如图42a至42b中所示,在植入物与接合部分503接合之后,通过致动臂,植入物100”'可以沿着弯曲轨迹相对于套筒504移动。其后,从套筒504进一步向外移动两个臂将椎间植入物100”'从接合部分503释放,如图42c和42d中所示。
参考图43至46解释使用包括超弹性镍钛丝线的器械的另一实施例。仅仅示意性地显示椎间植入物104,其具有上壁1和下壁2以及侧壁7,槽5,但是由臂3和腿部4组成的负荷传递部件被省略。器械500'包括套筒504'和呈具有超弹性和形状记忆性质的镍钛丝线的形式的一个植入物接合构件501'。丝线通过植入物104在长度向方向上被引导。优选地,丝线具有弯曲部分520,其中曲率由丝线永久地记忆。在插入之前在准备具有植入物的器械期间当其容纳在套筒504'中时弯曲部分520被拉直,如图43和44中所示。为了插入植入物,丝线501从套筒504'进一步向外移动使得部分520自动地呈弯曲形状。由此,椎间植入物104可以沿着弯曲轨迹插入。一旦椎间植入物已放置在椎间隙中并且接触椎体终板,它由相邻椎体保持并且可以通过将丝线501'进一步牵引回到到套筒504'中去除器械。
将参考图47至50描述将椎间植入物附连到器械的第五方面。图47至49中所示的椎间植入物105类似于如图23和24中所示的椎间植入物。另外,在上壁1”和下壁2”上提供凹陷5c以便通过其中引导植入物接合构件。植入物接合构件形成为镍钛丝线510,其固定在器械500”的保持器540中并且具有邻近自由端的弯曲部分520。弯曲部分520延伸到保持器540之外。如图47中所示可移动套筒541设在更接近丝线510的自由端的保持器540的端部处。可移动套筒541相对于丝线510可滑动并且固定地连接到在保持器540中被引导并且可以手动地推动或牵引的第三丝线512。
首先,椎间植入物105在丝线510之间接近可移动套筒541插入并且保持在该位置。然后,从保持器540更向外推动第三丝线512,由此移动套筒541。套筒541沿着丝线510的弯曲部分520推动植入物105使得丝线510用作轨道以沿着弯曲轨迹推进植入物105。尽管显示两个丝线510,但是应当理解仅仅一个丝线510可能就足够了。套筒541也防止丝线510在高度方向上扩展使得丝线510保持在植入物105的凹陷5c中。
如图49中所示,器械也可以具有丝线510,其中直部分511在一定程度上突出到保持器540之外,以允许首先沿着直轨迹并且然后沿着弯曲轨迹移动植入物105。
器械可以与保持器540和保护帽550一起被交付,其中在保持器540中丝线510被固定并且其中弯曲部分520在保护帽550中被拉直。一旦保护帽550被去除,丝线可以由于材料的形状记忆效应呈它们的弯曲形状520。
将参考图51和52解释将椎间植入物附连到器械的第六方面。根据图51的椎间植入物106具有弯曲轮廓和成排布置的龙骨状齿8”',其中每排沿着插入的方向(即,在长度向方向上)延伸。植入物106包括顶壁1、底壁2和侧壁7。在侧壁中的一个中提供允许附连插入器械500”'的连接结构(未显示)。这样的连接结构可以是螺纹孔并且器械500”'可以具有相应的螺纹突起。在器械500”'已附连到椎间植入物106之后可以通过用器械500”'沿着直轨迹推动它首先插入椎间植入物。椎间植入物106一进入椎间隙,龙骨状齿8”'就接合上和下终板并且沿着弯曲轨迹将植入物106引导到最后位置。
将器械附连到椎间植入物的上述实施例和方面的修改可以被预料。例如,代替作为用于椎间植入物的材料的镍钛合金,可以使用其它形状记忆合金或形状记忆聚合物(SMPs)。这样的形状记忆聚合物可以包括线型嵌段共聚物(例如形状记忆聚氨酯),热塑性聚合物(例如聚降冰片烯),或化学交联SMP。恢复水平于是被定义为材料已转变到高温结构的温度。
可以以修改方式形成负荷传递部件。例如,连接位置c不需要在高度方向上的上壁和下壁之间的中间。臂可以具有与腿部的长度不同的长度。负荷传递部件不需要是对称的,例如一个臂或腿部可以分别具有与另一臂或腿部的长度不同的长度。
应当注意上述的实施例的单个特征可以与其它实施例的特征组合、混合和匹配以产生各种另外的实施例。

Claims (16)

1.一种椎间植入物,其包括:
主体,其具有配置成接合第一椎体终板的上壁(1、1'、1”)和配置成接合第二椎体终板的下壁(2、2'、2”),以及
负荷传递部件,其配置成在所述上壁和所述下壁之间传递负荷;
其中所述负荷传递部件配置成呈压缩状态和膨胀状态,在所述压缩状态下所述上壁和所述下壁之间的距离限定所述植入物的第一高度(H1),在所述膨胀状态下所述上壁和所述下壁之间的距离限定大于所述第一高度的所述植入物的第二高度(H2);
其中所述负荷传递部件在至少两个连接位置(a)上附连到所述上壁并且在至少两个连接位置(b)上附连到所述下壁并且在所述植入物的前视图中具有大致X形状;并且
其中所述植入物由具有形状记忆性质的材料制造,其允许所述植入物在没有作用于它的外力的情况下保持在所述压缩状态并且响应将温度引导到恢复水平而变化到所述膨胀状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其中所述温度的恢复水平在约20℃到约35℃的范围内,优选地在约25℃到约30℃的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的椎间植入物,其中当暴露于体温时所述植入物是可自膨胀的。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的椎间植入物,其中所述材料是具有约50到约52at.%镍、优选约50.6到约51.0at.%镍的镍含量的镍钛合金。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的椎间植入物,其中所述负荷传递部件包括附连到所述上壁(1、1'、1”)的两个臂(3、3')和附连到所述下壁(2、2'、2”)的两个腿部(4、4'),其中所述两个臂和所述两个腿部在所述上壁和所述下壁之间的连接位置(c)处连接在一起并且其中在所述膨胀状态下由所述两个臂围成的角(β)大于在所述臂中的一个和所述腿部中的一个之间围成的角(α)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的椎间植入物,其中所述角(β)在约100°到约150°之间并且其中所述角(β)和所述角(α)的和为约180°。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的椎间植入物,其中所述臂(3')和/或所述腿部(4')的厚度在分别与所述上或下壁的连接位置(a、b)处或附近比在分别与所述上或下壁的连接位置(a、b)和所述臂与所述腿部的连接位置(c)之间的位置处更大。
8.根据权利要求1至7之一所述的椎间植入物,其中在所述压缩状态下所述植入物的高度(H1)等于或小于在所述膨胀状态下所述植入物的高度(H2)的约85%,优选等于或小于约75%。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的椎间植入物,其中多个骨接合突起(8、8'、8”)设在所述上壁(1、1'、1”)和/或所述下壁(2、2'、2”)上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的椎间植入物,其中所述骨接合突起(8、8'、8”)仅仅设在所述负荷传递部件的连接位置(a、b)之间的区域内。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的椎间植入物,其中骨接合突起(8、8'、8”)的排设在所述上壁(1、1'、1”)和/或所述下壁(2、2'、2”)上并且其中所述骨接合突起的高度朝着所述排的端部减小。
12.根据权利要求9至11之一所述的椎间植入物,其中所述骨接合突起(8)具有沿着所述植入物的插入方向延伸、优选地在插入方向上从所述植入物的一个端部连续地延伸到另一端部的大致龙骨状结构。
13.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的椎间植入物,其中所述植入物具有在大致垂直于高度(H1、H2)的方向上的宽度(W)和长度(L)并且其中槽(5、5'、5”)在长度向方向上通过所述植入物从所述上壁(1、1'、1”)延伸到所述下壁(2、2'、2”)。
14.根据权利要求1至13之一所述的椎间植入物,其中所述植入物是被涂覆的。
15.一种椎间植入物的系统,其包括根据权利要求1至14之一所述的椎间植入物和用于插入所述椎间植入物(10、10'、10”、10”'、10””、100、100'、100”、100”'、1000、101、102、103、104、105、106)的器械(50、50'、50”、50”'、500、500'、500”、500”'、5000),其中
所述器械配置成在所述压缩状态下接合所述椎间植入物而不压缩所述植入物并且在插入之后释放所述植入物。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中所述器械(500、500'、500”)包括套筒(504、504'、540)和通过所述套筒被引导的至少一个丝线(501、502;501'、510),其中所述丝线配置成接合所述椎间植入物并且其中所述丝线能够被致动以引导所述植入物以便插入所述植入物。
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