CN1062352C - Method for correction of magnetic deviation in single course and magnetic value retaining deflector therewith - Google Patents
Method for correction of magnetic deviation in single course and magnetic value retaining deflector therewith Download PDFInfo
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- CN1062352C CN1062352C CN 96119114 CN96119114A CN1062352C CN 1062352 C CN1062352 C CN 1062352C CN 96119114 CN96119114 CN 96119114 CN 96119114 A CN96119114 A CN 96119114A CN 1062352 C CN1062352 C CN 1062352C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a magnetic value retaining deflector for correcting the deviation of a magnetic compass. In the method of the present invention, real measurement is performed on the deviations of eight specified courses to find out relative values, then an artificial simulation course is realized in a single course under the condition of constant north-pointing force by means of the magnetic value retaining deflector, which causes the deviation force to be perpendicular to pointing force, and the present invention eliminates corresponding deviation force via regulating a corrector. The method can be implemented when a ship is berthed or stopped against a wharf and the ship does not need to go out, thereby, the present invention is safe, simple and convenient, does not occupy operating time, does not consume fuel oil and has obvious economic benefit. The magnetic value retaining deflector of the present invention is composed of a magnetic rod box and a tripod.
Description
The present invention relates to magnetic force value preserving deflector used in a kind of method of proofreading and correct deviation of compass on the boats and ships and this method.
SOLAS and China's national standard " marine transportation boats and ships safety set sail technical requirement " be regulation all: seagoing vessel must be installed magnetic compass, and standard compass deviation should be no more than ± 3 °, steering-compass deviation should be no more than ± 5 °.Change because of deviation of compass can be subjected to the influence of ship magnetic variationization,, meet the requirements to guarantee deviation of compass so the national regulation marine vessel should be carried out a deviation of compass correction every year at least; For the underproof boats and ships of deviation of compass, then be considered as the unseaworthiness boats and ships.Therefore, the deviation correction of magnetic compass is an important process that guarantees marine operation safety.
The method of in the past proofreading and correct deviation of compass mainly contains Airy method and dynamometry, and what comparatively generally use is Airy method.The major defect of these two kinds of methods is that boats and ships all must be in sailing trim, must handle ship's navigation and just can measure and eliminate deviation of compass on specific some courses when proofreading and correct autodyne; Also must handle boats and ships then again and circle round and on some courses of regulation, survey remaining deviation, be compiled into the magnetic compass table ship sailing and use.So boats and ships (the especially above large ship of ton) when proofreading and correct deviation of compass, all must just can carry out to the sea away from the harbour in the past, operating time, fuel consumption had both been lost, increase crewman's labour intensity again, and boats and ships need navigate by water and go to sea, have certain unsafe factor.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of proofreading and correct deviation of compass, this method can be fixed on the single course at boats and ships, carries out when promptly mooring fixed or landing pier, thereby overcomes the existing existing above-mentioned shortcoming of method.
Another object of the present invention is a kind of magnetic force value preserving deflector that is used for the invention described above method of design, and it can make the north deflection of magnetic compass sieve and its directing force size remains unchanged, thereby can realize needed artificial false course easily.
According to the deviation of compass theory, deviation of compass is caused that by ship magnetic deviating force (also claiming ship magnetic force) ship magnetic deviating force can be decomposed into constant deviation power (A ' λ H), vertical semicircular deviation power (B ' λ H), horizontal semicircular deviation power (C ' λ H), quadrantal deviation power (D ' λ H) and time five deviating force components of quadrantal deviation power (E ' λ H); Constant in the magnetic north direction except that A ' λ H, the relative ship coordinate of the sensing of other four deviating forces is stable, and ship is constant by the autodyne that A ' λ H produces on any course, and its size and Orientation is all constant; The size and Orientation of the autodyne that other four deviating forces produce separately is that the change with the course changes, may on the occasion of or negative value, also may be zero.That is to say, have deviating force to exist, not necessarily can produce autodyne, do not have autodyne, can not have deviating force certainly a certain course; But conversely, do not have deviating force can not produce autodyne certainly, and have autodyne just to have deviating force to exist certainly.When deviating force was vertical with directing force (sieve north directing force), (this maximum autodyne was called the coefficient of deviation of deviating force to the maximum autodyne that the autodyne that it produced produces for this deviating force, represents with the number of degrees.Five corresponding coefficient of deviation of deviating force are represented with A, B, C, D, E respectively), have only the size of autodyne at this moment can directly represent the size of deviating force; Therefore, as long as can eliminate autodyne in this state, the corresponding deviating force that then produces this autodyne also just is eliminated.
Concerning ship in operation (new ship is timing for the first time, originally in the binnacle without any corrector), proofread and correct deviation of compass, in fact be exactly to adjust corrector to make its calibrated force can just offset corresponding ship magnetic deviating force, thereby reach the purpose of elimination autodyne.Concerning merchant ship, in five ship magnetic deviating forces, A ' λ H and E ' λ H two deviating forces are very little usually, and corresponding coefficient of deviation A and E are also very little, needn't proofread and correct it when proofreading and correct autodyne, directly remain; And in other three deviating forces if coefficient of deviation less than 0.5 °, also needn't proofread and correct, directly remain, so, specifically a certain boats and ships are carried out the deviation of compass timing, the autodyne that produces by B ' λ H, C ' λ H and three deviating forces of D ' λ H be may need to proofread and correct respectively, one of them or two also may be only needed to proofread and correct.
In " deviation of compass correction " (Yan Tianjin writes, People's Transportation Press, in June, 1985) book, the deviation of compass theory has been done the argumentation of system, the foundation of the relevant calculation that relates in the method for the present invention and formula all can draw from this book.
Method of the present invention is according to above-mentioned principle, eight courses (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) that obtain by actual measurement from difference, obtain the size and Orientation of five deviating forces.Then by operation, be implemented in the artificial false course on the single course, make each deviating force vertical respectively with directing force, the maximum autodyne of obtaining each deviating force again and being produced, and then adjust corrector by operation and eliminate the maximum autodyne that corresponding deviating force produces, thereby be implemented on the single course correction to deviation of compass.
The method of single correction of course deviation of compass of the present invention comprises:
1, it is (corresponding to respectively δ by the autodyne that ship magnetic deviating force generates on N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, eight courses of W, NW to survey out magnetic compass respectively at sailing trim in advance
N, δ
NE, δ
E, δ
SE, δ
S, δ
SW, δ
W, δ
NWExpression).
2, obtain A, B, C, D, five coefficient of deviation of E by corresponding coefficient of deviation formula respectively by the autodyne in above-mentioned eight courses, obtain corresponding five deviating forces again: the size and Orientation of A ' λ H, B ' λ H, C ' λ H, D ' λ H, E ' λ H.
3, eliminate semicircular deviation power
(1) eliminate vertical semicircular deviation power B ' λ H:
1. obtain autodyne δ on the vectoring that ship stops (single course) according to the autodyne formula, again according to the directing force formula obtain on this course by the magnetic compass directing force H ' under telluric magnetic force and the acting in conjunction of ship magnetic force, thereby according to formula: tg δ
B=B ' λ H ÷ H ' obtains the maximum autodyne δ that H ' produces when orthogonal with B ' λ H
B
2. with magnetic force value preserving deflector magnetic compass sieve north is transferred on the abeam direction of ship under the constant situation of directing force H ' size keeping, promptly artificially the course is simulated on 90 ° or 270 °.
3. adjust the specification, quantity of the fore-and-aft correctors in the corrector or/and the position makes the calibrated force direction that changes part opposite with B ' λ H direction, and make the northern deflection angle δ of sieve that produces by this calibrated force
The B schoolSize equal or approach δ most
BAt this moment, B ' λ H promptly is eliminated to zero or minimum, so its remaining deviation coefficient B
SurplusAlso be zero or minimum, B
Surplus=δ
B+ δ
The B school
(2) eliminate horizontal semicircular deviation power C ' λ H:
1. according to B
Surplus' λ H=λ HSinB
SurplusObtain B
Surplus' λ H replaces B ' λ H substitution directing force formula, obtains the directing force H after above-mentioned steps (1) is proofreaied and correct ", again according to formula tg δ
C=C ' λ H ÷ H " obtain H " the maximum autodyne δ that produces when orthogonal with C ' λ H
C
2. with magnetic force value preserving deflector magnetic compass sieve north is being kept directing force H " be transferred on the longitudinal direction of ship under the constant situation of size, promptly go into for the course simulation on 0 ° or 180 °.
3. adjust the specification, quantity of the cross-level bar magnet of corrector or/and the position makes the calibrated force direction that changes part opposite with C ' λ H direction, and make the northern deflection angle δ of sieve that produces by this calibrated force
The C schoolSize equal or approach δ most
CAt this moment, it is zero or minimum that C ' λ H promptly is eliminated, so its remaining deviation coefficient C
SurplusAlso be zero or minimum, C
Surplus=δ
C+ δ
The C school
4. eliminate quadrantal deviation power D ' λ H:
According to specification, quantity and the position of original correction soft iron on the corrector, check in its calibrated force D from proofreading and correct the soft iron energy meter
1Sieve north maximum deflection angle δ that ' λ H is produced
D1(being D1), the maximum autodyne δ that is produced by D ' λ H again
D(being D) is according to δ
D0=δ
D-δ
D1Obtain ship soft iron deviating force D
0The maximum autodyne δ that ' λ H is produced
D0(be D
O); Finding from correction soft iron energy meter to make sieve north produce and δ again
D0Direction is opposite, equal and opposite in direction or the most close deflection angle δ
The D schoolThe specification of needed correction soft iron, quantity and position reappose corresponding correction soft iron more in view of the above.At this moment promptly to be eliminated be zero or minimum to quadrantal deviation power D ' λ H, so its remaining deviation coefficient D
SurplusAlso be zero or minimum, D
Surplus=δ
D0+ δ
The D school
5. forecast each course remaining deviation:
Will be through remaining deviation coefficient A, the B of five later deviating forces of above-mentioned correction
Surplus, C
Surplus, D
Surplus, E substitution autodyne formula, try to achieve the remaining deviation in (generally every 15 ° of courses) on each course, it is compiled into the magnetic compass table ship sailing uses.
Below method of the present invention is described further:
1, the requirement of eight course autodynes of actual measurement should only be subjected to carry out under telluric magnetic force and the magneto motive situation of ship with usually the mensuration autodyne is the same at magnetic compass, just at clean ship or deliver under the sailing trim of non magnetic goods and carry out.Usually can be carried out in the operation process by captain or driver, the process of reversing end for end naturally in the time of also can utilizing anchoring is carried out.Generally before proofreading and correct autodyne, measure in 2～3 months by stages or once and get final product.The autodyne that obtains by the course contrast of observation Electromagnetic compass can meet the demands.
2, calculating coefficient of deviation and five used formula of deviating force is:
S45 in the above-mentioned formula represents Sin45 ° or COS45 °.
Used calculating autodyne δ and the formula of directing force H ' are when 3, proofreading and correct semicircular deviation:
φ ' is a compass course in the formula, and δ is the autodyne on φ ' course.When course φ ' is in one of eight specific courses (as SE), can directly autodyne be surveyed (as δ in this known course
SE) as δ, do not need to calculate again.When autodyne less (being no more than 5 °), can regard H ' ≈ λ H as, need not remake accurate calculating.
Should note when proofreading and correct semicircular deviation: 1. should point to stable, bow in sieve north and under stable situation, carry out.2. to avoid especially big outer magnetic force influence, in order to avoid the effect correction effect; If outer magnetic force is less relatively, then can carry out as usual.When for example tugboat leans against ten thousand tons of wheels sides, can not proofread and correct autodyne, but proofread and correct autodynes can for ten thousand tons of wheels to tugboat; When handling machinery such as gantry crane, belt feeder are arranged on the harbour, but also ten thousand of the bio-occlusion landing pier tons of wheels are proofreaied and correct autodynes.3. must keep under the constant situation of directing force size its sensing (being that sieve north is pointed to) is transferred to laterally or vertically of ship, thereby make the calibrated force of directing force and vertical or horizontal corrector magnet orthogonal.Use magnetic force value preserving deflector can realize this requirement easily.(structure and the using method of relevant magnetic force value preserving deflector will specify in the back).4. the magnetic of magnetic force value preserving deflector can make and proofread and correct soft iron and produce induced magnetism, thus accuracy that may the effect correction result.But from actual effect of proofreading and correct repeatedly, its influence is little, can not consider.If need guarantee to avoid to proofread and correct the influence of induced magnetism that soft iron produces because of magnetic force value preserving deflector to calibration result, can carry out as follows: before proofreading and correct semicircular deviation, all take out after earlier record (mark) being carried out in specification, quantity and the position etc. of proofreading and correct soft iron, behind the intact semicircular deviation to be corrected, again it is recovered the origin-location, perhaps wait when proofreading and correct quadrantal deviation and be coated with D by determined can the disappearing of tabling look-up at last
0Place new correction soft iron specification, quantity and the position of ' λ H.As stated above, should be when calculating directing force with D
0' λ H replaces D ' λ H substitution formula.
When proofreading and correct semicircular deviation, vertical semicircular deviation can be proofreaied and correct earlier, also horizontal semicircular deviation can be proofreaied and correct earlier.And when calculating directing force,, all should replace former deviating force substitution formula with its remaining deviation power for corrected autodyne.
When proofreading and correct semicircular deviation, the direction of the calibrated force of vertical or horizontal corrector magnet adjustment change part is opposite with deviating force B ' λ H or C ' λ H direction in the corrector, so by the northern deflection angle δ of sieve of this calibrated force generation
The B schoolOr δ
The C schoolDirection (symbol) also with δ
BOr δ
COn the contrary, promptly work as δ
BOr δ
CBe timing, δ
The B schoolOr δ
The C schoolFor negative, vice versa.Here, δ
BOr δ
CAnd δ
The B schoolOr δ
The C schoolPlus or minus represent that it is generated by positive power or negative power, they with eastern autodyne on different courses for be negative value on the occasion of, western autodyne conceptive be different.
Used " proofreading and correct the soft iron energy meter " is also referred to as and " proofreaies and correct soft iron coefficient (D when 4, proofreading and correct quadrantal deviation
1) table ".Magnetic compass is placed on the place of having only the telluric magnetic force effect (on for example non-magnetic wooden boat or do not have other outer magneto motive place) on the bank, removes whole correctors, at this moment magnetic compass is circled round a week, Luo Beijun stably refers to not have autodyne on the magnetic north direction; The correction soft iron of known specification is placed on the assigned address (representing the position to proofread and correct soft iron apart from the distance at compass center usually), may observe gets autodyne δ ' on four quadrant courses
NE, δ '
SE, δ '
SW, δ '
NW, can try to achieve this correction soft iron at this locational coefficient D by the coefficient of deviation formula
1D
1The correction soft iron that is certain specification makes the northern maximum deflection angle that produces of magnetic compass sieve on certain position, also represent this correction soft iron at this locational calibrated force; Correction soft iron with different size is placed on the variant assigned address respectively, with the different D that tried to achieve
1Value is listed as into statistical form with the specification and the position of corresponding correction soft iron, promptly becomes to proofread and correct the soft iron energy meter, uses in the time of can be for the correction quadrantal deviation.Making and proofreading and correct the soft iron energy meter is that general compass teacher can accomplish.
Known when having the correction soft iron, D ' λ H is by ship soft iron magnetic force D
0' λ H and correction soft iron calibrated force D
1' λ H both make a concerted effort.So maximum autodyne δ that is produced by D ' λ H
D(being D) also is by D
0' λ H and D
1The maximum autodyne δ that ' λ H two power are produced separately
D0(be D
0) and δ
D1(be D
1) synthesized, just: δ
D=δ
D0+ δ
D1(be D=D
0+ D
1).
The inventive method lieutenant colonel's positive quadrant autodyne is to try to achieve each relevant amount by tabling look-up with the method for calculations incorporated, and is so its operating process and calibration result and semicircular deviation power and other outer magnetic force are irrelevant, also irrelevant with whether stablizing of course; Its calibration result can not be found out from magnetic compass at once, and the Shi Caineng that only rides the sea embodies.Can after eliminating semicircular deviation power, carry out so eliminate quadrantal deviation power in the inventive method, also can before eliminating semicircular deviation power, carry out, and, must after elimination semicircular deviation power, carry out not as in the past bearing calibration.
5, remaining deviation coefficient (A, B
Surplus, C
Surplus, D
Surplus, E) be the surplus values of former five coefficient of deviation (A, B, C, D, E) after calibrated.Wherein A and E two coefficients are not because of calibrated, so initial value remains; And B
Surplus, C
SurplusAnd D
SurplusThen be to proofread and correct the maximum autodyne that the corresponding remaining deviation power in back (be deviating force with calibrated force make a concerted effort) is produced when vertical with directing force, the corresponding remaining deviation δ behind they and the correction autodyne
B is surplus, δ
C is surplusAnd δ
D is surplus(autodyne before promptly proofreading and correct and timing change the value that sieve that calibrated force produced north deflection angle two vectors are partly synthesized, for example δ
B is surplus=δ
B+ δ
The B school) not exclusively equate.But because the remaining deviation very little (being no more than 0.5 ° usually) after proofreading and correct, very approaching with the remaining deviation coefficient, both differences can be ignored, so B is arranged
Surplus=δ
B is surplus=δ
B+ δ
The B school, C
Surplus=δ
C is surplus=δ
C+ δ
The C school, D
Surplus=δ
D is surplus=δ
D0+ δ
The D school
Below be the embodiment of the inventive method.
Embodiment one, cloud peak wheel is proofreaied and correct autodyne at the basic harbour in Huangpu west
1, eight the course autodynes of actual measurement in advance that provided by the captain are:
δ
N=-5.1° δ
NE=-3.6° δ
E=-1.1° δ
SE=+1.3°
δ
S=+2.7° δ
SW=+2.5° δ
W=+0.4° δ
NW=-3.1°
2, try to achieve five coefficient of deviation: A=-0.8 °, B=-0.7 °, C=-3.8 °, D=+0.2 °, E=-0.4 ° by above-mentioned eight autodynes.
The value of A, E two coefficients and this ship normal value are in the past compared higherly, press the autodyne theory, and this two coefficient should be very little and be stable, so, according in the past normal value it is modified to A=-0.1 °, E=-0.2 °.And D=+0.2 °,＜0.5 °, need not proofread and correct.
Because maximum coefficient of deviation is no more than 5 °, so directly use H '=λ H, δ
B=B=-0.7 °, δ
C=C=-3.8 °, need specifically not calculate.
3, eliminate vertical semicircular deviation power B ' λ H:
Keeping under the constant situation of directing force size sieve north being transferred to the starboard beam direction of finger at ship, promptly simulate 270 ° of courses with magnetic force value preserving deflector.Because of δ
B=-0.7 ° is produced by negative power, and the original vertical bar magnet of corrector be left
#2, the right side
#1, be red back (be that No. 2 lattice in the left side, No. 1 lattice in the right respectively have a vertical bar magnet, be red end backward), produce positive power, so the explanation calibrated force is not enough.With the vertical bar magnet right side, corrector Central Plains
#1 ↑
#3 (the vertical bar magnet that is about to No. 1 lattice in the right is heightened to No. 3 lattice), at this moment the course becomes 270.7 °, i.e. sieve north deflection angle δ
The B school=+0.7 °, thus the maximum autodyne δ that B ' λ H produces
BBe eliminated B
Surplus=δ
B+ δ
The B school=-0.7 °+0.7 °=0.
4, eliminate horizontal semicircular deviation power C ' λ H:
Keeping under the constant situation of directing force size sieve north being gone to finger at ship's head, promptly simulate 000 ° of course with magnetic force value preserving deflector.Because of δ
C=-3.8 ° are produced by negative power, and the former horizontal bar magnet of corrector is a red left side, #1 (be that horizontal bar magnet is, be positioned at lattice No. 1, red end left), produces positive power, so the explanation calibrated force is not enough.Increase the red left side of horizontal bar magnet, #3 (promptly increase a horizontal bar magnet at No. 3 lattice, red end left) in corrector, at this moment the course becomes 356.2 °, i.e. sieve north deflection angle δ
The C school=+3.8 °, by the maximum autodyne δ of C ' λ H generation
CBe eliminated C
Surplus=δ
C+ δ
The C school=-3.8 °+3.8 °=0.
5, by A=-0.1 ° of five remaining deviation coefficient, B
Surplus=0, C
Surplus=0, D=+0.2 °, E=-0.2 ° are tried to achieve the remaining deviation of each course (every 15 °) by the autodyne formula, and are compiled into the magnetic compass table ship sailing and use.
Embodiment two, Yu Chi wheel is proofreaied and correct autodyne at Guangzhou petrochemical industry harbour
1, eight course autodynes that provided by the captain are δ
N=-1.8 °, δ
NE=+3.9 °, δ
E=+3.8 °, δ
SE=+0.8 °, δ
S=-4.6 °, δ
SW=-7.6 °, δ
W=-8.2 °, δ
NW=-6.0 °.
2, calculate five coefficient of deviation: A=-2.5 °, B=+6.3 °, C=+1.5 °, D=+0.4 °, E=-0.5 ° by eight course autodynes.
A, E two coefficients are modified to A=+0.2 °, E=-0.2 ° by normal value in the past; D=+0.4 °,＜0.5 ° need not proofread and correct.So determine only to proofread and correct the vertical and horizontal semicircular deviation.
Ask five deviating forces with five coefficient of deviation:
A′λH=λHtgA=λHtg?0.2°=+0.00349λH
B′λH=λHSinB=λHSin6.3°=+0.10973λH
C′λH=λHSinC=λHSin1.5°=+0.02618λH
D′λH=λHSinD=λHSin0.4°=+0.00689λH
E′λH=λHSinE=λHSin(-0.2°)=-0.00349λH
3, eliminate vertical semicircular deviation power B ' λ H:
It is 135 ° (being SE) that this ship stops fixed course, the autodyne δ=δ on this course
SE=+0.8 °, try to achieve H ' +0.90000 λ H by the directing force formula, according to tg δ
B=B ' λ H ÷ H ' (+0.10973 λ H) ÷ 0.9 λ H=+0.12192 gets δ
B+7.0 ° are produced by positive power.
Under the constant situation of maintenance directing force size, sieve north is transferred to the port beam of ship with magnetic force value preserving deflector, promptly simulate 090 ° of course, look into the former vertical bar magnet of corrector for a left side 2 one red last red after, right 2 red after, the B wheel is in 9.0 in white area, produce positive power, illustrate that calibrated force is excessive or direction is not right.With about totally four vertical bar magnets remove, the B rotation is 0.8 of red sector, at this moment the course becomes 096.6 °, promptly changes the deflection angle δ that the calibrated force of part produces sieve north
The B school=-6.6 °, by the maximum autodyne δ of B ' λ H generation
BBe eliminated and be δ
B is surplus=B
Surplus=δ
B+ δ
The B school=+7.0 °+(6.6 °)=+ 0.4 °.
4, eliminate horizontal semicircular deviation power C ' λ H:
With B
Surplus' λ H=λ HSinB
Surplus=+0.00698 replaces B ' λ H substitution directing force formula, tries to achieve the directing force H that eliminates behind the B ' λ H "=0.97281 λ H, again according to tg δ
C=C ' λ H ÷ H "=(+0.026818 λ H) ÷ 0.97281 λ H=+0.02691, get δ
C=+1.5 ° by positive power generation.
Keeping under the constant situation of directing force size sieve north being transferred to sensing stern direction, promptly simulate 180 ° of courses with magnetic force value preserving deflector.Look into 6 of the original horizontal bar magnets of corrector, red right 5 red left 1; The C wheel is in beyond the red sector, and horizontal bar magnet is removed 5, keeps 1, the red right side, and the C wheel transfers to 2.0 in white area, and at this moment the course becomes 178.6 °, promptly changes the deflection angle δ that the part calibrated force produces sieve north
The C school=-1.4 °, by the maximum autodyne δ of C ' λ H generation
CBe eliminated and be δ
C is surplus=C
Surplus=δ
C+ δ
The C school=+1.5 °+(1.4 °)=+ 0.1 °.
5, by A=+0.2 ° of B
Surplus=+0.4 ° of C
Surplus=+0.1 ° of D=+0.4 ° of E=-0.2 ° of five remaining deviation coefficient is tried to achieve each course remaining deviation, is compiled into magnetic compass table and uses for navigation.
Embodiment three proofreaies and correct autodyne at Guangzhou petrochemical industry harbour to the Lian Chi wheel
1, eight course autodynes that provided by the captain are: δ
N=0, δ
NE=+3.0 °, δ
E=+0.5 °, δ
SE=-1.0 °, δ
S=+0.8 °, δ
SW=+0.8 °, δ
W=-1.5 °, δ
NW=-3.0 °.
2, try to achieve five coefficient of deviation: A=-0.1 °, B=+1.2 °, C=-0.2 °, D=+2.0 °, E=+0.5 ° by eight course autodynes.
A, E need not proofread and correct, and initial value keeps; C=-0.2 °,＜0.5 °, need not proofread and correct; Determine only to proofread and correct vertical semicircular deviation and quadrantal deviation.
Because maximum coefficient of deviation is no more than 5 °, can directly use H '=λ H, δ
B=B=+1.2 °, need specifically not calculate.
3, eliminate vertical semicircular deviation power B ' λ H:
Be transferred to the port beam of finger with magnetic force value preserving deflector in following sieve north of the situation that does not change the directing force size, promptly simulate 090 ° of course at ship.Looking into the former vertical bar magnet of corrector is 1, a left side ≠ 12, red after, produce positive power, illustrate that calibrated force is excessive or direction is not right.With a former vertical bar magnet left side ≠ 12 ↓ ≠ 10 (promptly being low to moderate lattice No. 10 from No. 12 styles), at this moment to become 091.1 ° be sieve north deflection angle δ in the course
The B school=-1.1 °, by the maximum autodyne δ of B ' λ H generation
BBe eliminated and be δ
B is surplus=B
Surplus=δ
B+ δ
The B school=+1.2 °+(1.1 °)=+ 0.1 °.
4 eliminate quadrantal deviation power D ' λ H:
Known δ
D=D=+2.0 °, original two quadrantal spheres on the corrector, diameter is 15CM, and closest approach is apart from compass center 25CM; Look into and proofread and correct the calibrated force D that the soft iron energy meter must this two quadrantal sphere
1Sieve north maximum deflection angle δ that ' λ H is produced
D1=D
1=-2.1 °.According to δ
DAnd δ
D1Try to achieve ship soft iron deviating force D
0The maximum autodyne δ that ' λ H is produced
D0=D
0=δ
D-δ
D1=+2.0 °-(2.1 °)=+ 4.1 °.Look into again proofread and correct the soft iron energy meter learn when diameter be the closest approach of two quadrantal spheres of 15CM during apart from compass center 18.4CM, its calibrated force makes the maximum deflection angle δ of sieve north generation
The D school=-4.1 °.Former two quadrantal spheres are moved to its closest approach on the position of compass center 18.4CM, fix, by the maximum autodyne δ of D ' λ H generation
DBe eliminated and be δ
D is surplus=D
Surplus=δ
D0+ δ
The D school=+4.1 °+(4.1 °)=0.
5 according to A=-0.1 ° of remaining deviation coefficient, B
Surplus=+0.1 °, C=-0.2 °, D
Surplus=0, E=+0.5 ° of remaining deviation of trying to achieve on each course is compiled into the magnetic compass table ship sailing and uses.
Table 1 is the contrast of surveying autodyne before and after above-mentioned three embodiment proofread and correct and proofreading and correct back forecast autodyne on eight courses.
The method of single correction of course deviation of compass of the present invention is according to the autodyne theory, try to achieve the size and Orientation of each deviating force and other relevant amount by calculating, carrying out correct operation again on false course finishes, so this method is lower to environment requirement, can rise at this ship loop wheel machine, hatch is opened, and ship magnetic changes, and carries out in the environment that has harbour magnetic and harbor equipment magnetic to exist.This method is except surveying eight course autodynes in advance, and all other process is under the anchoring or the stationary state of landing pier at boats and ships by compass teacher one people to be finished, and the unsafe factor that does not exist navigation to go to sea can alleviate crewman's labour intensity.And this method was both easy and easy enforcement does not take the operation of ship time again, and fuel consumption does not have remarkable economic efficiency; Adopt previous methods to proofread and correct autodyne calculatings in 1.5～2 days of need sailing by proofreading and correct autodyne in Guangzhou area for the ton boats and ships, the correction of employing the inventive method provides transport power and fuel-efficient economic benefit can reach 5～100,000 yuan per ship/time of autodyne more at every turn.
The inventive method is particularly useful for the annual customary deviation of compass of ship in operation and proofreaies and correct.Facts have proved that through the correction of nearly 500 ship/times in recent years the calibration result of the inventive method is good, meet relevant international standard and national standard requirement.Table 2 is to adopt the inventive method to proofread and correct eight courses of actual measurement, correction front and back autodynes contrast of the part example of autodyne.
Magnetic force value preserving deflector used in the single correction of course deviation of compass method of the present invention comprises tripod and bar magnet box two parts; The structure of tripod is identical with the common tripod of the existing usefulness of taking pictures, the scalable adjusting length of its three pin, but the axis of a up-down adjustment is arranged at top, the bar magnet box just is installed in this axis upper end, the central point of box is arranged on this axis, level meter is housed on the box, has in the box to be some Permanentmagnet bars that symmetrical parallel is placed.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing magnetic force value preserving deflector of the present invention is specified.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of magnetic force value preserving deflector;
Fig. 2 is the A-A part sectioned view among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of angle resolver;
Fig. 4 is the principle of work synoptic diagram of magnetic force value preserving deflector.
See figures.1.and.2, this magnetic force value preserving deflector has tripod 1, bar magnet box 2. The axis 11 of tripod But up-down adjustment can be adjusted in bar magnet box 2 on the differing heights. Bar magnet box interior separation becomes some parallel little lattice, Permanentmagnet bar 22 is positioned in these little lattice, consists of symmetrical, parallel arrangement architecture. On the bar magnet box 2 level is housed Whether instrument 21 is in level so that differentiate the bar magnet box; Bar magnet box 2 is by the mount pad 23 of bottom center Be sleeved on axis 11 upper ends, alignment pin 24 is inserted on locating hole 25 and 12, plays fixation; Locating hole 25 and 12 radially pass respectively mount pad 23 and axis 11, can plug alignment pin when this two locating hole aligns 24 o'clock, the axis of axis 11 and a pin 13a of tripod just in time dropped on hanging down of each bar magnet magnetic axis in the bar magnet box Directly divide equally on the vertical plane.
Also can load onto an angle resolver 3 in a pin 13a bottom of tripod, like this, operate during use Come more easy to be quick.
With reference to Fig. 3, angle resolver 3 comprises five equilibrium bar 31, side rod 32 and adjusting rod 33. Five equilibrium bar 31 Consist of drawbar structure by two joints, scalable adjusting length, one end and the collar 37 are hinged; Angle resolver is just logical Cross on the pin 13a that the collar 37 is sleeved on tripod, and can slide thereon, on the collar 37 location is arranged Screw 38 can play the role of positioning; One end of the five equilibrium bar other end and two side rods 32 is hinged together, and consists of five equilibrium The summit 34 of hornwork. One end of two adjusting rods 33 is hinged with the collar 35 that is enclosed within on the five equilibrium bar 31 respectively, 34 same distance places are hinged the other end on the distance summit with two side rods respectively; The collar 35 can slide at the five equilibrium bar, Thereby drive two side rod opening and closing adjusting angle sizes by adjusting rod, have set screw 36 can play the location on the collar and do With.
Magnetic force value preserving deflector of the present invention is except Permanentmagnet bar wherein, and other parts are made by nonmagnetic substance.
Magnetic force value preserving deflector of the present invention is exclusively used in the single correction of course deviation of compass method of the present invention to be eliminated In the operating procedure of semicircular deviation power, its Main Function can keep the directing force size constant in sieve north easily Its sensing is transferred to needed direction (ship laterally or vertically) under the state, realizes artificial false course.
Use method of operating and the operation principle of this magnetic force value preserving deflector are described below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 4:
During use, will take off bar magnet box 2 earlier, tripod 1 will be placed in binnacle top, make its axis 11 Axis i and process compass center o vertical with horizontal plane, and make the lower end of an one pin 13a be in Luo Bei and ship The bisector 1 (to call hisectrix in the following text) of vertical X-axis (or laterally Y-axis) angle on; As five equilibrium During hornwork 3, then adjust angle resolver, make its summit be positioned at the compass center O, two side rods are respectively with Luo Bei and ship Vertically X-axis or laterally Y-axis overlap, at this moment, a pin 13a of five equilibrium bar and coupled tripod namely locates On the hisectrix 1 on the card. Above axis 11, load onto bar magnet box 2, make locating hole 25 and 12 It is fixing to align and plug alignment pin 24; Regulate the length of three pin of tripod, make the bar magnet box be in level, Can judge by level meter 21. At this moment the magnetic axis of bar magnet 22 is parallel with horizontal plane in the box, and hisectrix 1 is in vertically the dividing equally on the vertical plane P of bar magnet magnetic axis, and this is vertically divided vertical plane P equally and refers to magnetic axis with each bar magnet 22 And horizontal plane is vertical and through the plane at each bar magnet magnetic axis center; So just make Permanentmagnet bar 22 in the effect at compass center Power F is perpendicular to hisectrix 1. At this moment, as long as by adjusting the bar magnet direction direction of magnetic rod force F is in Make on the direction of vertical X-axis (or mould is to Y-axis) deflection of Luo Beixiang ship, and by increase and decrease bar magnet quantity or transfer The joint axis changes the distance at bar magnet box and compass center, can transfer to the vertical of ship to sieve north (direction of directing force) On (or laterally), and keep the big or small constant of directing force, thereby realize artificial false course.
The directed force F that Permanentmagnet bar 22 in bar magnet box 2 produces at the compass center is perpendicular to hisectrix 1, and when shifting onto sieve north on longitudinal axis X (or the transverse axis Y) direction, the H that makes a concerted effort to be of former directing force H0 ' and magnetic rod force F1', synthetic and plane triangle theory, as can be known H according to the vector of power0' and H1' equate i.e. directing force Size remains unchanged and its sensing is transferred on vertical X-axis (or laterally Y-axis) of ship, has just realized protecting Hold in the constant situation of directing force size, sieve north was pointed on vertically (or laterally) that is transferred to ship.
Table 1 (unit: degree)
| δ N | δ NW | δ E | δ SH | δ S | δ SW | δ W | δ NW | ||
| Embodiment one | Actual measurement autodyne before proofreading and correct | +5.1 | -3.8 | -1.1 | +1.3 | +2.7 | +2.5 | +0.4 | -3.1 |
| Forecast autodyne after proofreading and correct | -0.3 | +0.1 | +0.1 | -0.3 | -0.3 | +0.1 | +0.1 | -0.3 | |
| Actual measurement autodyne after proofreading and correct | +0.1 | +0.4 | +0.5 | +0.2 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.1 | 0 | |
| Embodiment two | Actual measurement autodyne before proofreading and correct | 0 | +3.0 | +0.5 | -1.0 | +0.8 | +0.8 | -1.5 | -3.0 |
| Forecast autodyne after proofreading and correct | +0.2 | +0.2 | -0.5 | +0.1 | +0.8 | 0 | -0.7 | -0.2 | |
| Actual measurement autodyne after proofreading and correct | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0.3 | +0.3 | -0.2 | -0.7 | -0.4 | |
| Embodiment three | Actual measurement autodyne before proofreading and correct | -1.8 | +3.8 | +3.8 | +0.8 | -4.8 | -7.8 | -8.2 | -8.0 |
| Forecast autodyne after proofreading and correct | -0.1 | +0.8 | +0.8 | +0.3 | +0.1 | +0.4 | 0 | -0.8 | |
| Actual measurement autodyne after proofreading and correct | -0.4 | +0.1 | +1.0 | +1.0 | +0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -3.0 | |
Autodyne contrast (unit: degree) in eight courses of actual measurement before and after table 2. part example is proofreaied and correct
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of proofreading and correct deviation of compass, its feature comprises:
(1), surveys out the autodyne of magnetic compass on north, northeast, east, the southeast, south, southwest, west, eight courses, northwest respectively at sailing trim in advance;
(2), obtain constant deviation power, vertically semicircular deviation power, the horizontal coefficient of deviation of semicircular deviation power, quadrantal deviation power and five deviating forces of inferior quadrantal deviation power by corresponding coefficient of deviation formula respectively, obtain the size and Orientation of corresponding five deviating forces again by the autodyne in above-mentioned eight courses;
(3) eliminate vertical semicircular deviation power:
1. obtain ship according to the autodyne formula and stop autodyne on the vectoring, again according to the directing force formula obtain on this course by the magnetic compass directing force under telluric magnetic force and the acting in conjunction of ship magnetic force, thereby according to formula: tg δ
B=B ' λ H ÷ H ', the maximum autodyne that produces when obtaining this directing force and vertically semicircular deviation power is orthogonal;
2. with magnetic force value preserving deflector magnetic compass sieve north is transferred on the abeam direction of ship under the big or small constant situation of maintenance directing force;
3. the specification, quantity of adjusting the fore-and-aft correctors in the corrector are or/and the position, make the calibrated force direction that changes part with vertically the semicircular deviation force direction is opposite, and the size of sieve north deflection angle that is produced by this calibrated force is equaled or approach this step most and gather the maximum autodyne of 1. being obtained;
(4) eliminate horizontal semicircular deviation power:
1. by the remaining deviation coefficient after the above-mentioned step, proofreaied and correct poly-(3), according to B
Surplus' λ H=λ HSinB
SurplusObtain corresponding remaining deviation power,, obtain the directing force after the above-mentioned step, proofreaied and correct poly-(3), again according to formula tg δ with its substitution directing force formula
C=C ' λ H ÷ H " the maximum autodyne that produces when obtaining this directing force and laterally semicircular deviation power is orthogonal;
2. with magnetic force value preserving deflector magnetic compass sieve north is transferred on the longitudinal direction of ship under the big or small constant situation of maintenance directing force;
3. the specification, quantity of adjusting the cross-level bar magnet of corrector are or/and the position, make the calibrated force direction that changes part with laterally the semicircular deviation force direction is opposite, and the size of sieve north deflection angle that is produced by this calibrated force is equaled or approach this step most and gather the maximum autodyne of 1. being obtained;
(5) eliminate quadrantal deviation power:
According to specification, quantity and the position of original correction soft iron on the corrector, check in sieve north maximum deflection angle that its calibrated force produces from proofreading and correct the soft iron energy meter, the maximum autodyne that is produced by quadrantal deviation power again is according to δ
D0=δ
D-δ
D1Obtain ship soft iron deviating force and produce maximum autodyne; Find and to make sieve north produce specification, quantity and the position of, equal and opposite in direction opposite or the most close needed correction soft iron of deflection angle from proofreading and correct the soft iron energy meter again, reappose corresponding correction soft iron more in view of the above with this maximum autodyne direction;
(6) forecast each course remaining deviation:
To try to achieve the remaining deviation on each course through the remaining deviation coefficient substitution autodyne formula of five later deviating forces of above-mentioned correction, and it will be compiled into the magnetic compass table ship sailing use.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: before proofreading and correct vertical or horizontal semicircular deviation, earlier the record back being carried out in the specification of the original correction soft iron of corrector, quantity and position all takes out, behind the intact semicircular deviation to be corrected, again it is recovered the origin-location, perhaps wait when proofreading and correct quadrantal deviation and place by determined new correction soft iron specification, quantity and the position that can eliminate ship soft iron deviating force of tabling look-up at last.
3. magnetic force value preserving deflector that is used for the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that this deflector comprises tripod (1) and bar magnet box (2) two parts, the structure of tripod is identical with the common tripod of existing photograph usefulness, the scalable adjusting length of its three pin, but the axis (11) of a up-down adjustment is arranged at top, bar magnet box (2) just is installed in this axis upper end, the central point of box is arranged on this axis, level meter (21) is housed on the box, has in the box to be some Permanentmagnet bars (22) that symmetrical parallel is placed.
4, according to the described deflector of claim 3, it is characterized in that bar magnet box (2) is sleeved on tripod axis (11) upper end by the mount pad (23) of its bottom center, mount pad (23) and axis (11) upper end have the position pilot hole that radially passes (25 and 12) in correspondence with each other respectively, when this two pilot hole (25 and 12) aligns can plug register pin (24) time, the axis of an axis (11) and a pin of tripod (13a) just in time drops in the bar magnet box the vertical of each bar magnet magnetic axis and divides equally on the vertical plane.
5,, it is characterized in that an angle resolver (3) being housed in a pin (13a) bottom of tripod (1) according to the described deflector of claim 4.
6,, it is characterized in that said angle resolver (3) comprises five equilibrium bar (31), side rod (32) and adjuster bar (33) according to the described deflector of claim 5; The five equilibrium bar is made of the rod-pulling type structure of adjustable length two joints, the one end is hinged with the collar (37) that is contained on the pin (13a) of tripod (1), set screw (38) is arranged on the collar (37), one end of the five equilibrium bar other end and two side rods (32) is hinged together, and constitutes the summit (34) of this angle resolver; One end of two adjuster bars (33) is hinged with the collar (35) that is enclosed within on the five equilibrium bar respectively, and the other end is hinged at same distance place, distance summit with two connecting rods respectively; The collar (35) can slide on the five equilibrium bar, and set screw (36) is arranged on it.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96119114 CN1062352C (en) | 1996-07-18 | 1996-07-18 | Method for correction of magnetic deviation in single course and magnetic value retaining deflector therewith |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96119114 CN1062352C (en) | 1996-07-18 | 1996-07-18 | Method for correction of magnetic deviation in single course and magnetic value retaining deflector therewith |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1147085A CN1147085A (en) | 1997-04-09 |
| CN1062352C true CN1062352C (en) | 2001-02-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96119114 Expired - Lifetime CN1062352C (en) | 1996-07-18 | 1996-07-18 | Method for correction of magnetic deviation in single course and magnetic value retaining deflector therewith |
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| JP4717398B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2011-07-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | Method for controlling data processing apparatus |
| CN101241010B (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2010-06-02 | 杭州米特科技有限公司 | Magneto- compass deviation automatic correction method and its device |
| CN104482923A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2015-04-01 | 北京林业大学 | Handset right photographic measurement device and technology thereof |
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| CN1147085A (en) | 1997-04-09 |
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