CN106234364A - 一种以锯木屑作主要载体的杀螺颗粒剂 - Google Patents
一种以锯木屑作主要载体的杀螺颗粒剂 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以锯木屑作主要载体的杀螺颗粒剂，有效成分由茶皂素和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐组成，其中茶皂素的重量百分比为2.5‑10％，杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的重量百分比为5‑15％，锯木屑的重量百分比＞60％。本发明具有成本低、防效好，使用方便的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域，具体涉及一种以锯木屑作主要载体的杀螺颗粒剂。
背景技术
杀螺胺乙醇胺盐，化学名称：N-(2-氯-4-硝基苯基)-2-羟基-5-氯苯甲酰乙醇胺，是一种具有胃毒作用的杀软体动物剂，对螺、螺卵、血吸虫尾蚴等有较强的杀灭作用，对人畜毒性低，对作物安全，使用方便，可直接加水稀释使用。
茶皂素,英文通用名为：tea saporin，是一种天然的植物杀螺剂，是由茶树种子(茶籽、茶叶籽)中提取出来的一类醣甙化合物。茶麸含有12-18％的植物源农药茶皂素，已经普遍用于农田福寿螺的防治中。
目前，在农田福寿螺的防治中，主要将杀螺胺或杀螺胺乙醇胺盐进行兑水喷雾或将其拌沙撒施，兑水喷施比较费劲。拌沙撒施若田边没有沙子时施用很不方便。若将杀螺胺或其盐通过拌肥料撒施，若选用拌用的肥料不当而药效明显下降的现象经常出现。
本发明通过以锯木屑作为杀螺剂的载体，以天然植物源杀螺剂茶皂素和化学杀螺剂杀螺胺乙醇胺盐为有效成分混配的颗粒剂还没有相关的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种以锯木屑作主要载体的杀螺剂颗粒剂，具有使用成本低、防效好，使用方便的优点。
本发明采取的技术方案是：一种以锯木屑作主要载体的杀螺颗粒剂，有效成分由茶皂素和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐组成，茶皂素和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的重量比为：1-2:1-5，优选的，茶皂素和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的重量比1:3。
所述的茶皂素在颗粒剂中的重量百分比为2.5-10％，所述的杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在颗粒剂的重量百分比为5-15％。所述的锯木屑在颗粒剂中的重量百分比＞60％。
本发明的杀螺颗粒剂还包括填料、粘结剂、分散剂、崩解剂、着色剂或其它有益于有效成分在制剂中稳定和药效发挥的物质。
本发明具有以下优点和显著技术效果：
(1)茶皂素与杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的作用机制不同，相互混配增效显著，有利于缓解单独施用杀螺胺单剂导致抗性加剧的风险。
(2)本发明的杀螺颗粒剂直接撒施，比兑水喷施和拌细沙施用更加方便，同时也避免了杀螺胺或其盐与一些化肥混合施用效果不佳的局面。
(3)本发明的主要载体锯木屑来源丰富，吸附能力强，质量轻，方便运输和施用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案和有益效果作进一步说明，本发明所述的百分比均为重量百分比。
一、制备实施例
实施例1：10％茶皂素·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐杀螺颗粒剂
原料按重量配比：茶皂素2.5％，杀螺胺乙醇胺盐7.5％，聚乙烯醇5％(粘结剂)，聚羧酸盐3％，十二烷基硫酸钠2.5％，膨润土10％，锯木屑补足至100％。
实施例2：15％茶皂素·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐杀螺颗粒剂
原料按重量配比：茶皂素5％，杀螺胺乙醇胺盐10％，聚乙烯醇4％(粘结剂)，聚羧酸盐5％，十二烷基硫酸钠2.5％，高岭土10％，锯木屑补足至100％。
实施例3：12.5％茶皂素·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐杀螺颗粒剂
原料按重量配比：茶皂素2.5％，杀螺胺乙醇胺盐10％，聚乙烯醇5％(粘结剂)，聚羧酸盐3％，十二烷基硫酸钠2.5％，白炭黑10％，锯木屑补足至100％。
实施例4：18％茶皂素·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐杀螺颗粒剂
原料按重量配比：茶皂素3％，杀螺胺乙醇胺盐15％，聚乙烯醇5％(粘结剂)，聚羧酸盐3％，十二烷基硫酸钠2.5％，膨润土10％，锯木屑补足至100％。
实施例5：7.5％茶皂素·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐杀螺颗粒剂
原料按重量配比：茶皂素2.5％，杀螺胺乙醇胺盐5％，聚乙烯醇5％(粘结剂)，聚羧酸盐3％，十二烷基硫酸钠3.5％，白炭黑8％，锯木屑补足至100％。
上述的实施例1至5的颗粒剂制备方法为：将除锯木屑以外的各成分在混合缸中混合均匀，经气流粉碎机粉碎后加入粉碎好的锯木屑再混合均匀，干燥，并经筛分制得本发明所述的颗粒剂产品。
二、应用实施例
先通过室内毒力测定，明确两种药剂按一定比例复配后的共毒系数(CTC)，以孙云沛法的共毒系数法(CTC)来评价药剂混用的增效作用，即CTC≤80为拮抗作用，80﹤CTC﹥120为相加作用，CTC≥120为增效作用。在此基础上，再进行田间试验。
实施例1：茶皂素和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐混配对稻福寿螺的毒力测定
试验方法：分别将茶皂素、杀螺胺乙醇胺盐及各混配剂的母液稀释成五个系列浓度，分别置于烧杯中备用采用先浸叶后接螺的方法，将未接触任何药剂的大小一致的叶片在配置好的药液中浸泡5s后取出、自然晾干，放入养螺盒中，然后接上供试幼螺，在25℃条件下饲养，每处理3次重复，每重复所用试螺数为50头，同时设空白对照，于72h检查死螺数，计算死亡率和校正死亡率，求得毒力回归方程并计算LC50值。若对照死亡率大于10％，则视为无效试验。
试验结果如表1：
表1：茶皂素和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐混配对稻福寿螺的毒力测定结果分析表
| 供试药剂 | 配比 | LC50(mg/L) | 共毒系数(CTC) |
| 茶皂素(A) | / | 9.63 | / |
| 杀螺胺乙醇胺盐(B) | / | 12.76 | / |
| A：B | 1:1 | 7.57 | 145.0 |
| A：B | 1:2 | 7.54 | 152.7 |
| A：B | 1:3 | 6.45 | 182.9 |
| A：B | 1:5 | 7.41 | 163.4 |
| A：B | 2:1 | 7.17 | 146.3 |
| A：B | 2:3 | 7.44 | 151.7 |
| A：B | 2:5 | 7.17 | 162.9 |
| A：B | 5:1 | 12.78 | 78.6 |
由表1可知，茶皂素与杀螺胺乙醇胺盐对稻福寿螺配比在1-2:1-5时，共毒系数均大于120，说明两者在1-2:1-5范围内混配均表现出增效作用，当茶皂素与杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的配比在1:3时，共毒系数最大，增效作用显著。
实施例2：10％茶皂素·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐杀螺颗粒剂防治稻福寿螺的田间试验
(1)试验设计
试验安排在广西河池天峨县郊区，药前调查水稻福寿螺螺害指数，在螺害发生初期施药，施药后1天、3天、7天调查螺害指数并计算防效。每个试验组设置3次重复，设置1个空白对照。
(2)试验结果见表2
由表2可以看出，茶皂素与杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在1:3和2:5的两个比例混配复配，其复配颗粒剂对福寿螺增效明显，相互混配能减少各单剂的施用量,减少使用成本。本发明的福寿螺颗粒剂以锯木屑作主要载体，施用更为方便。
Claims (3)
1.一种以锯木屑作主要载体的杀螺颗粒剂，其特征在于，有效成分由茶皂素和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐组成，其中茶皂素和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的重量比为：1-2:1-5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀螺颗粒剂，其特征在于，茶皂素和杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的重量比1:3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的杀螺颗粒剂，其特征在于，茶皂素的重量百分比为2.5-10％，杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的重量百分比为5-15％，锯木屑的重量百分比＞60％。
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| CN108713552A (zh) * | 2018-05-13 | 2018-10-30 | 西南石油大学 | 一种适用于福寿螺的绿色杀螺剂 |
| CN109497098A (zh) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-22 | 四川农业大学 | 一种防治福寿螺的苦葛提取物与氯硝柳胺的杀螺组合物及其用途 |
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