CN106226819B - Tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well - Google Patents
Tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well Download PDFInfo
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- CN106226819B CN106226819B CN201610540042.3A CN201610540042A CN106226819B CN 106226819 B CN106226819 B CN 106226819B CN 201610540042 A CN201610540042 A CN 201610540042A CN 106226819 B CN106226819 B CN 106226819B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/34—Transmitting data to recording or processing apparatus; Recording data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/65—Source localisation, e.g. faults, hypocenters or reservoirs
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Abstract
The invention discloses tomography depth transverse wave reflections by a kind of well to be imaged recognition methods, including：Evaluation is explained to deep transverse wave reflection imaging achievement, identifies reflector, and differentiates whether reflector is tomography, and determined the orientation, inclination angle and tendency of well tomography, then is compared with seismic data, determines the developmental state of tomography by well.The present invention, which solves the problems, such as how to be imaged using deep transverse wave reflection, accurately identifies reflector；Solve the problems, such as how to combine a variety of well-log informations or seismic data synthesis identification tomography；Solve the problems, such as how to determine fault parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by a kind of well, suitable for the identification of tomography by well, belong to
In log interpretation technology field.
Background technology
The remote detection imaging technology of reflection sound wave is one of hot spot of the research of acoustic logging in recent years, and main method has the longitudinal wave anti-
Penetrate imaging and deep transverse wave reflection be imaged two kinds, the technology by longitudinal wave from sound source in well to well external radiation or shear wave, to passing through well
The outer reflected sound field of geologic body is imaged, and well logging radial depth of investigetion is spread around from the borehole wall to tens of meters of models by well
It encloses.The longitudinal wave reflection that longitudinal wave reflection imaging is extracted using array acoustic acoustic wave train logging data involves its converted wave and is imaged,
Frequency of source is high, and investigation depth is shallow, it is impossible to determine the orientation of reflector.Deep transverse wave reflection imaging utilizes orthogonal dipole shear wave logging
The four componets data of data, the horizontal direction shear wave signal extracted, and be imaged, because shear wave frequency is low, attenuation is slow, reflection
Signal is stronger, and detection is deeper, and imaging effect is more preferable；It is rotated by four componets data, it may be determined that the azimuth information of reflector.It needs
It should be noted that according to the principle that far detects of deep transverse wave reflection imaging, deep transverse wave reflection imaging can only detect inclination angle for 40 °~
90 ° of reflector.
It since reflection wave signal belongs to weak signal, is easily interfered by borehole environment, stratum noise, reflection sound wave imaging is disconnected
The explanation of layer is always difficult point.Prior art shortcoming：1. deep transverse wave reflection imaging reflector explains that there are multi-solutions；2. longitudinal wave is anti-
Penetrating imaging does not have bearing sense；3. the deep transverse wave reflection imaging fault recognition methods of complete set is not formed.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above problem of the existing technology, tomography depth transverse wave reflection by a kind of well is provided
It is imaged recognition methods.The present invention, which solves the problems, such as how to be imaged using deep transverse wave reflection, accurately identifies reflector；Solve as
What combines the problem of a variety of well-log informations or seismic data synthesis identification tomography；Solve the problems, such as how to determine fault parameter.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
Tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by a kind of well, it is characterised in that：To deep transverse wave reflection imaging into
Fruit explains evaluation, identifies reflector, and differentiates whether reflector is tomography, and determines the orientation of well tomography, inclination angle
And tendency, then compared with seismic data, determine the developmental state of tomography by well.
Identify that reflector includes the following steps：
A1, deep transverse wave reflection image is analyzed, finds the strong reflection energy under weak background noise, judge on section
Whether strong energy is true reflector；
A2, orientation imaging is carried out with set angle interval, obtains the deep transverse wave reflection image in different direction, image
It is upper if the reflection signal of reflector only in certain bearing range as it can be seen that if be judged as true reflector；If all
The reflection signal of reflector can be seen on orientation image, then is caused for noise；
Show that the inclination angle of reflector is then effective reflector between 40 °~90 ° on a3, deep transverse wave reflection image.
In the step a1, basis for estimation is that the reflectance signature of true reflector must be existed simultaneously and be cutd open in reflection wave imaging
On face and corresponding upper and lower traveling wave imaging section.
Differentiate whether reflector is identification that tomography included well tomography, the conventional logging that is identified as combining for crossing well tomography is known
Other tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified by Logging Curves variation characteristic, if with the identification of deep transverse wave reflection image
Reflector is consistent by the depth of wellbore, then is determined as tomography.
The Electrical imaging that is identified as combining for crossing well tomography identifies tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified by Electrical imaging, simultaneously
Depth, inclination angle, the tendency of the suspicious tomography are determined, if the depth that the reflector identified with deep transverse wave reflection image passes through wellbore
Degree, inclination angle, tendency are consistent, then are determined as tomography.
The well tomography excessively is identified as with reference to ultrasonic imaging well logging recognition tomography：Being identified by ultrasonic imaging can
Tomography is doubted, while determines the depth of suspicious tomography, inclination angle, tendency, if led to the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification
Depth, inclination angle, the tendency for crossing wellbore are consistent, then are determined as tomography.
The seismic data that is identified as combining for crossing well tomography identifies tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified by seismic data,
Depth, inclination angle, the tendency of suspicious tomography are determined simultaneously, if passing through wellbore with the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification
Depth, inclination angle, tendency are consistent, then are determined as tomography.
Differentiate whether reflector is identification that tomography further includes only well tomography, but well tomography be identified as combine earthquake
Data identifies tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified, while determine depth, inclination angle, the tendency of suspicious tomography by seismic data, if
It is consistent by the depth of wellbore, inclination angle, tendency with the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification, then it is determined as tomography.
Determine that the developmental state of tomography by well includes the following steps：
B1, tomography development length and apart from borehole position determine：By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, determine to break
Layer development length and apart from the position of wellbore；
B2, tomography orientation determine：By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, fault strike orientation for reflector energy most
Strong orientation, while its vertical section reflector energy is most weak；
B3, inclination angle determine：By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, the folder of fault plane normal direction and wellbore is determined
Angle；If the well is straight well, the inclination angle of tomography is the angle；If the well is inclined shaft or horizontal well, need to do hole-deviation correction.
In the step b1, if tomography crosses well, pass through conventional logging or Electrical imaging, ultrasonic imaging well logging calibration tomography
Pass through the depth of wellbore；If the tomography and the tomography of seismic data identification of deep transverse wave reflection imaging identification are sames, pass through ground
Shake data demarcates the development scale of tomography.
Advantage using the present invention is：
First, the method have the characteristics that：1. wave frequency rate is low, attenuation is slow, and horizontal detection depth is big；2. deep transverse wave reflection energy
By force, signal-to-noise ratio is high, and imaging effect is more preferable；3. using the imaging of all 360 ° of orientation different directions of well, according to deep transverse wave reflection energy
Power determine the trend of reflector；With reference to a variety of well-log informations or seismic data synthesis identification tomography, reflection is eliminated
The multi-solution of body；With reference to a variety of well-log informations or seismic data, depth, inclination angle, tendency of tomography etc. are demarcated, improves tomography
The accuracy of identification.
2nd, the scope of application of the invention：Carbonate formation, sand-mudstone formation, shale formation；Tomography can be recognized accurately
（By well in the range of tens of rice）, determine the occurrence of tomography.
3rd, application prospect：1st, it is geologic body identification by well applied to individual well depth transverse wave reflection image logging interpretation and evaluation
Foundation is provided, and then support is provided for formation testing scheme selection；2nd, it applied to there are the explanation of the reflector of multi-solution, is recognized accurately
Tomography forms fault interpretation evaluation method by the complete well of a set of unification, can promote the use of geologic body identification by other wells.
4th, evaluation is explained to 13 mouthfuls of Sichuan Basin well by the method, that identifies reflector there are 6 mouthfuls of wells, accurately
Have identified the tomography of 2 mouthfuls of wells.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is north-south and east-west locating depth transverse wave reflection image；
Fig. 2 is north-south to 10 degree of interval scan depth transverse wave reflection imaging sections；
Fig. 3 is Dong-west to 10 degree of interval scan depth transverse wave reflection imaging sections；
Fig. 4 is the deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure in 50 ° of east by south.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by a kind of well, including：Deep transverse wave reflection imaging achievement is carried out
Interpretation and evaluation identifies reflector, and differentiates whether reflector is tomography, and determines the orientation, inclination angle and tendency of well tomography,
It is compared again with seismic data, determines the developmental state of tomography by well.
Identify that reflector includes the following steps：
A1, deep transverse wave reflection image is analyzed, finds the strong reflection energy under weak background noise, judge on section
Whether strong energy is true reflector；
A2, orientation imaging is carried out with set angle interval, obtains the deep transverse wave reflection image in different direction, image
It is upper if the reflection signal of reflector only in certain bearing range as it can be seen that if be judged as true reflector；If all
The reflection signal of reflector can be seen on orientation image, then is caused for noise；
Show that the inclination angle of reflector is then effective reflector between 40 °~90 ° on a3, deep transverse wave reflection image.
In the step a1, basis for estimation is that the reflectance signature of true reflector must be existed simultaneously and be cutd open in reflection wave imaging
On face and corresponding upper and lower traveling wave imaging section.
Differentiate whether reflector is identification that tomography included well tomography, the conventional logging that is identified as combining for crossing well tomography is known
Other tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified by Logging Curves variation characteristic, if with the identification of deep transverse wave reflection image
Reflector is consistent by the depth of wellbore, then is determined as tomography.
The Electrical imaging that is identified as combining for crossing well tomography identifies tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified by Electrical imaging, simultaneously
Depth, inclination angle, the tendency of the suspicious tomography are determined, if the depth that the reflector identified with deep transverse wave reflection image passes through wellbore
Degree, inclination angle, tendency are consistent, then are determined as tomography.
The well tomography excessively is identified as with reference to ultrasonic imaging well logging recognition tomography：Being identified by ultrasonic imaging can
Tomography is doubted, while determines the depth of suspicious tomography, inclination angle, tendency, if led to the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification
Depth, inclination angle, the tendency for crossing wellbore are consistent, then are determined as tomography.
The seismic data that is identified as combining for crossing well tomography identifies tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified by seismic data,
Depth, inclination angle, the tendency of suspicious tomography are determined simultaneously, if passing through wellbore with the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification
Depth, inclination angle, tendency are consistent, then are determined as tomography.
Differentiate whether reflector is identification that tomography further includes only well tomography, but well tomography be identified as combine earthquake
Data identifies tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified, while determine depth, inclination angle, the tendency of suspicious tomography by seismic data, if
It is consistent by the depth of wellbore, inclination angle, tendency with the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification, then it is determined as tomography.
Determine that the developmental state of tomography by well includes the following steps：
B1, tomography development length and apart from borehole position determine：By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, determine to break
Layer development length and apart from the position of wellbore；
B2, tomography orientation determine：By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, fault strike orientation for reflector energy most
Strong orientation, while its vertical section reflector energy is most weak；
B3, inclination angle determine：By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, the folder of fault plane normal direction and wellbore is determined
Angle；If the well is straight well, the inclination angle of tomography is the angle；If the well is inclined shaft or horizontal well, need to do hole-deviation correction.
In the step b1, if tomography crosses well, pass through conventional logging or Electrical imaging, ultrasonic imaging well logging calibration tomography
Pass through the depth of wellbore；If the tomography and the tomography of seismic data identification of deep transverse wave reflection imaging identification are sames, pass through ground
Shake data demarcates the development scale of tomography.
Embodiment 2
Tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by a kind of well, including：
First, it is imaged perception reflex body using deep transverse wave reflection
The first step：Deep transverse wave reflection image is analyzed, the strong reflection energy under weak background noise is found, judges to cut open
Whether strong energy is true reflector on face.Basis for estimation is that the reflectance signature of true reflector must be existed simultaneously in back wave
In imaging section and corresponding upper and lower traveling wave imaging section.
Second step：Interval carries out orientation imaging at a certain angle, obtains the deep transverse wave reflection image in different direction, into
As figure it is upper if the reflection signal of reflector only in certain bearing range as it can be seen that if be judged as true reflector；If
The reflection signal of reflector can be seen on all orientation images, then is caused for noise.
Third walks：The inclination angle of reflector is shown on deep transverse wave reflection image between 40 °~90 °, then effectively to reflect
Body.
2nd, the comprehensive identification of tomography
The reflectors such as tomography, crack, bed boundary can cause the change of reflected energy in deep transverse wave reflection imaging section
Change, therefore only there may come a time when to be not enough to judge whether reflector is tomography with deep transverse wave reflection imaging, need to combine other well loggings
Data or seismic data integrate identification in terms of the depth of tomography, size, inclination angle, tendency etc. are several.In general, tomography
Difference with crack is that the former scale scale ratio the latter is big；The difference of tomography and bed boundary is that the former inclination angle is big, the latter
Stratigraphic dip it is small.Comprehensive identification is carried out to well excessively and the only tomography of two kinds of situations of well separately below.
1st, the identification of well tomography is crossed
1. identify tomography with reference to conventional logging.Suspicious tomography is identified by Logging Curves variation characteristic, if
It is consistent by the depth of wellbore with the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification, then it is determined as tomography.
2. identify tomography with reference to Electrical imaging.Suspicious tomography is identified, while determine the depth of the suspicious tomography by Electrical imaging
Degree, inclination angle, tendency, if the reflector with the identification of deep transverse wave reflection image is consistent by the depth of wellbore, inclination angle, tendency,
Then it is determined as tomography.
3. with reference to ultrasonic imaging well logging recognition tomography.Suspicious tomography is identified by ultrasonic imaging, while determine can
Doubt the depth of tomography, inclination angle, tendency, if with the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification by the depth of wellbore, inclination angle,
Tendency is consistent, then is determined as tomography.
Tomography is identified with reference to seismic data.Suspicious tomography is identified, while determine suspicious tomography by seismic data
Depth, inclination angle, tendency, if the reflector with the identification of deep transverse wave reflection image passes through the depth of wellbore, inclination angle, tendency one
It causes, is then determined as tomography.
Any of the above method can individually or comprehensive use.
2 but the identification of well tomography
The scale scale of tomography is bigger, and tomography is different from bed boundary inclination angle, and tomography is identified with reference to seismic data, side
Method and the above-mentioned recognition methods for crossing well tomographyIt is identical.
3rd, fault parameter is determined
The first step, tomography development length and apart from borehole position determine.It, can be straight by deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure
It connects and determines tomography development length and apart from the position of wellbore；If tomography crosses well, conventional logging or Electrical imaging, ultrasound can be passed through
Wave imaging logging demarcates depth of the tomography by wellbore；If the tomography of deep transverse wave reflection imaging identification is disconnected with seismic data identification
Layer is same, and the development scale of tomography can be demarcated by seismic data.
Second step, tomography orientation determine.By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, fault strike orientation is reflection physical efficiency
The most strong orientation of amount, while its vertical section reflector energy is most weak.The orientation of tomography can use Electrical imaging, ultrasonic imaging,
Shake data etc. is demarcated, method be same as above " tomography comprehensive identification " method 2., method 3., method。
Third walks, and inclination angle determines.By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, fault plane normal direction and wellbore are first determined
Angle.If the well is straight well, the inclination angle of tomography is the angle；If the well is inclined shaft or horizontal well, need to do hole deviation
Correction.The inclination angle of tomography can be demarcated with Electrical imaging, ultrasonic imaging, seismic data etc., and method is same as above " the comprehensive knowledge of tomography
Not " method 2., method 3., method。
Embodiment 3
Fig. 1 is the upper deep transverse wave reflection image in certain well north-south and east-west position, and first, second is ordinary curve in figure
Road；Third, seven are depth value；Four, the 6th be north-south orientation uplink and downlink back wave sectional view, is shown with oscillogram；
5th is north-south orientation depth transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, is shown with variable density；Eight, the nine, the tenth be respectively east-
West locating depth transverse wave reflection image and corresponding uplink and downlink wave reflection section.At X075m-X175m sections, north-south and Dong-west
There are strong reflection energy at one in orientation depth transverse wave reflection imaging section and on uplink wave profile, meet reflection body characteristics.
What deserves to be explained is in figure arrow direction indicate to the left be this reflector mirror image, usually in high angle, strong energy depth shear wave
On catoptric imaging section it can be seen that, producing cause for uplink and downlink wavelength-division from remnants.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are respectively this well with north-south, east-west position for starting point, are rotated clockwise with 10 ° for interval deep horizontal
Wave reflection imaging section figure, as can be seen from the figure different direction depth transverse wave reflection energy variation is apparent, is determined as effectively reflecting
Body.
It is larger in view of reflector, it is that bed boundary or tomography possibility are larger；This well be straight well, bed boundary inclination angle
It is smaller, the possibility for bed boundary is excluded, the comprehensive descision reflector is tomography.
It can be seen that the deep transverse wave reflection energy in 50 ° of east by south is most strong from Fig. 2, Fig. 3, meanwhile, 50 ° of vertical section north by east
On without any reflected energy, therefore judge this tomography moves towards orientation as 50 ° of east by south.
Fig. 4 is the deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure in 50 ° of east by south, and the 5th can determine that the depth of tomography is long from figure
About 125 m, tomography lower part and top are respectively 11.7 m and 22.3m apart from borehole axis distance, and inclination angle is 85 °.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well, it is characterised in that：To deep transverse wave reflection imaging achievement
Explain evaluation, identify reflector, and differentiate whether reflector is tomography, and determined the orientation of well tomography, inclination angle and
Tendency, then compared with seismic data, determine the developmental state of tomography by well；
Identify that reflector includes the following steps：
A1, deep transverse wave reflection image is analyzed, finds the strong reflection energy under weak background noise, judge strong energy on section
Whether amount is true reflector；
A2, orientation imaging is carried out with set angle interval, obtains the deep transverse wave reflection image in different direction, on image such as
The reflection signal of fruit reflector is only in certain bearing range as it can be seen that being then judged as true reflector；If in all orientation
The reflection signal of reflector can be seen on image, then is caused for noise；
Show that the inclination angle of reflector is then effective reflector between 40 °~90 ° on a3, deep transverse wave reflection image.
2. tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step a1
In, basis for estimation be the reflectance signature of true reflector must exist simultaneously in reflection wave imaging section and it is corresponding it is upper,
In down going wave imaging section.
3. tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by the well according to claims 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Differentiate anti-
Whether beam is identification that tomography included well tomography, and the conventional logging that is identified as combining for crossing well tomography identifies tomography：By normal
Rule log variation characteristic identifies suspicious tomography, if passing through wellbore with the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification
Depth it is consistent, then be determined as tomography.
4. tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The mistake
The Electrical imaging that is identified as combining of well tomography identifies tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified, while determine the suspicious tomography by Electrical imaging
Depth, inclination angle, tendency, if with deep transverse wave reflection image identification reflector pass through the depth of wellbore, inclination angle, tendency one
It causes, is then determined as tomography.
5. tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The mistake
Well tomography is identified as with reference to ultrasonic imaging well logging recognition tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified, while really by ultrasonic imaging
The depth of fixed suspicious tomography, inclination angle, tendency, if with the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification by the depth of wellbore,
Inclination angle, tendency are consistent, then are determined as tomography.
6. tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The mistake
The seismic data that is identified as combining of well tomography identifies tomography：Suspicious tomography is identified by seismic data, while is determined suspicious disconnected
Depth, inclination angle, the tendency of layer, if passing through the depth of wellbore, inclination angle, tendency with the reflector of deep transverse wave reflection image identification
Unanimously, then it is determined as tomography.
7. tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Differentiate anti-
Whether beam is identification that tomography further includes only well tomography, but the seismic data that is identified as combining of well tomography identifies tomography：
Suspicious tomography is identified, while determine depth, inclination angle, the tendency of suspicious tomography by seismic data, if with deep transverse wave reflection
The reflector of image identification is consistent by the depth of wellbore, inclination angle, tendency, then is determined as tomography.
8. tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Determine well
The developmental state of other tomography includes the following steps：
B1, tomography development length and apart from borehole position determine：By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, determine that tomography prolongs
Elongation and apart from the position of wellbore；
B2, tomography orientation determine：By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, fault strike orientation is most strong for reflector energy
Orientation, while its vertical section reflector energy is most weak；
B3, inclination angle determine：By deep transverse wave reflection imaging section figure, the angle of fault plane normal direction and wellbore is determined；If
The well is straight well, then the inclination angle of tomography is the angle；If the well is inclined shaft or horizontal well, need to do hole-deviation correction.
9. tomography depth transverse wave reflection imaging recognition methods by well according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The step b1
In, if tomography crosses well, pass through conventional logging or Electrical imaging, ultrasonic imaging well logging calibration depth of the tomography by wellbore；If
The tomography and the tomography of seismic data identification of deep transverse wave reflection imaging identification are sames, and the hair of tomography is demarcated by seismic data
Educate scale.
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