CN106226400A - Shale anisotropy measurement device and measuring method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种页岩各向异性测量装置及测量方法,解决了现有技术只研究页岩各向同性而无法满足勘探与开发过程中工程的实际要求的问题。本发明提供的页岩各向异性测量装置包括支架,用于支承待测岩心柱,待测岩心柱为圆柱体,取自页岩储层岩心;多个探头,用于发射超声波至待测岩心柱,并用于接收待测岩心柱中传播的超声波,探头借助支架固定在待测岩心柱的侧表面上,多个探头沿待测岩心柱的多个横截面的周向排布;超声波信号发生器,用于对探头进行超声波信号激励,以使探头发射超声波至所述待测岩心柱;超声波波速测试装置,用于检测探头接收到的超声波,以获取波速信息。
The invention provides a shale anisotropy measuring device and a measuring method, which solves the problem that the prior art only studies the shale isotropy and cannot meet the actual engineering requirements in the exploration and development process. The shale anisotropy measurement device provided by the present invention includes a bracket for supporting the core column to be tested, the core column to be tested is a cylinder, and is taken from a shale reservoir core; multiple probes are used to transmit ultrasonic waves to the core to be tested column, and is used to receive the ultrasonic wave propagating in the core column to be tested, the probe is fixed on the side surface of the core column to be tested by means of a bracket, and multiple probes are arranged along the circumferential direction of multiple cross-sections of the core column to be tested; the ultrasonic signal is generated The device is used to excite the probe with ultrasonic signals, so that the probe emits ultrasonic waves to the core column to be tested; the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device is used to detect the ultrasonic waves received by the probe to obtain wave velocity information.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及物体性能测量技术,尤其涉及一种页岩各向异性测量装置及测量方法。The invention relates to object performance measurement technology, in particular to a shale anisotropy measurement device and measurement method.
背景技术Background technique
页岩气的勘探与开发在世界范围内引起了广泛兴趣,已被列为我国油气资源开发的重要战略。The exploration and development of shale gas has aroused widespread interest worldwide, and has been listed as an important strategy for the development of oil and gas resources in my country.
页岩一般呈薄页状或薄片层状的节理,具有天然的强各向异性。页岩气的开采主要是通过压裂改造使页岩中形成裂缝网络,从而使气体渗透出来。为了形成更合理的裂缝网络结构,需要对页岩的性能进行研究。Shale generally has thin sheet-like or thin-sheet-like joints and has natural strong anisotropy. The exploitation of shale gas is mainly through fracturing to form a network of fractures in the shale, so that the gas can seep out. In order to form a more reasonable fracture network structure, it is necessary to study the properties of shale.
目前,对页岩性能的研究主要基于各向同性的模型,但由于页岩具有强各向异性,研究各向同性的模型,显然不能满足勘探与开发过程中工程的实际要求。At present, the research on shale performance is mainly based on the isotropic model, but because shale has strong anisotropy, studying the isotropic model obviously cannot meet the actual engineering requirements in the process of exploration and development.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种页岩各向异性测量装置及测量方法,解决了现有技术只研究页岩各向同性而无法满足勘探与开发过程中工程的实际要求的问题。The invention provides a shale anisotropy measuring device and a measuring method, which solves the problem that the prior art only studies the shale isotropy and cannot meet the actual engineering requirements in the exploration and development process.
本发明实施例一方面提供一种页岩各向异性测量装置,包括:Embodiments of the present invention provide a shale anisotropy measuring device on the one hand, comprising:
支架,用于支承待测岩心柱,所述待测岩心柱为圆柱体,取自页岩储层岩心;A bracket, used to support the core column to be tested, the core column to be tested is a cylinder, taken from a shale reservoir core;
多个探头,用于发射超声波至所述待测岩心柱,并用于接收所述待测岩心柱中传播的所述超声波,所述探头借助所述支架固定在所述待测岩心柱的侧表面上,所述多个探头沿所述待测岩心柱的多个横截面的周向排布;A plurality of probes are used to transmit ultrasonic waves to the core column to be tested and to receive the ultrasonic waves propagating in the core column to be tested, and the probes are fixed on the side surface of the core column to be tested by means of the bracket Above, the plurality of probes are arranged along the circumferential direction of the plurality of cross-sections of the core column to be tested;
超声波信号发生器,用于对所述探头进行超声波信号激励,以使所述超声波信号发生器通过所述探头产生超声波;An ultrasonic signal generator, used to excite the probe with an ultrasonic signal, so that the ultrasonic signal generator generates ultrasonic waves through the probe;
超声波波速测试装置,用于检测所述探头接收到的所述超声波,以获取波速信息。The ultrasonic wave velocity testing device is used to detect the ultrasonic wave received by the probe to obtain wave velocity information.
本发明实施例另一方面提供一种页岩各向异性测量方法,使用上面所述的页岩各向异性测量装置,包括:Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for measuring shale anisotropy, using the above-mentioned shale anisotropy measuring device, including:
将待测岩心柱固定在所述支架上;Fixing the core column to be tested on the support;
利用所述超声波信号发生器对除被检测的所述探头之外的每一个所述探头依次进行超声波信号激励;Using the ultrasonic signal generator to sequentially perform ultrasonic signal excitation on each of the probes except the detected probe;
利用所述超声波波速测试装置对所述被检测的所述探头每次接收到的超声波进行检测,以获取波速信息,所述波速信息包含角度及对应所述角度的波速,所述角度为所述被检测的所述探头与被激励的所述探头之间的连线与所述待测岩心柱的轴线之间的夹角;Use the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device to detect the ultrasonic waves received by the detected probe each time to obtain wave velocity information, the wave velocity information includes an angle and a wave velocity corresponding to the angle, and the angle is the The included angle between the line between the detected probe and the excited probe and the axis of the core column to be tested;
根据获取的所有所述波速信息计算所述待测岩心柱上所述被检测的所述探头所处位置的各向异性参数。Anisotropy parameters at the positions of the detected probes on the core string to be tested are calculated according to all the acquired wave velocity information.
本发明实施例提供的页岩各向异性测量装置及测量方法中,利用支架将多个探头固定在待测岩心柱的侧表面并固定待测岩心柱,且利用超声波信号发生器通过探头产生超声波,从而使超声波能从指定探头位置经过待测岩心柱到达另一指定位置的探头,超声波波速测试装置能够检测超声波的波形以及相应波速信息,另外,将多个探头沿待测岩心柱的多个横截面的周向排布,就能使探头接收到多个从不同角度传送过来的超声波,从而获取多个波速信息,根据这些波速信息就可以计算出待测岩心柱的各向异性参数,进而得出页岩各向异性的性质,以满足勘探与开发过程中工程的实际要求。In the shale anisotropy measurement device and measurement method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of probes are fixed on the side surface of the core column to be tested by using a bracket and the core column to be tested is fixed, and an ultrasonic signal generator is used to generate ultrasonic waves through the probes , so that the ultrasonic wave can pass through the core column to be tested from the specified probe position to the probe at another specified position, and the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device can detect the waveform of the ultrasonic wave and the corresponding wave velocity information. The circumferential arrangement of the cross-section enables the probe to receive multiple ultrasonic waves transmitted from different angles, thereby obtaining multiple wave velocity information. According to these wave velocity information, the anisotropy parameters of the core column to be tested can be calculated, and then The properties of shale anisotropy are obtained to meet the practical requirements of engineering in the process of exploration and development.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.
图1为本发明实施例一提供的一种页岩各向异性测量装置的剖视图;Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a shale anisotropy measuring device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2为图1所示的页岩各向异性测量装置上探头的排布示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of probes on the shale anisotropy measuring device shown in Fig. 1;
图3为本发明实施例二提供的页岩各向异性测量方法的流程图;Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the method for measuring shale anisotropy provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例二中超声波波速测试装置检测到的超声波波速的示意图;4 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic wave velocity detected by the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例二中探头的布置平面示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of the layout of the probes in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例三提供的页岩各向异性测量方法的流程图。Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the method for measuring shale anisotropy provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例一Embodiment one
图1为本发明实施例一提供的一种页岩各向异性测量装置的剖视图,图2为图1所示的页岩各向异性测量装置上探头的排布示意图。如图1和图2所示,该装置包括:支架11、探头21、超声波信号发生器22和超声波波速测试装置23。Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a shale anisotropy measuring device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of probes on the shale anisotropy measuring device shown in Fig. 1 . As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the device includes: a bracket 11 , a probe 21 , an ultrasonic signal generator 22 and an ultrasonic wave velocity testing device 23 .
其中,支架11用于支承待测岩心柱12,该待测岩心柱为圆柱体,取自页岩储层岩心。Wherein, the bracket 11 is used to support the core column 12 to be tested, and the core column to be tested is a cylinder, which is taken from a shale reservoir core.
探头21用于发射超声波至待测岩心柱12,并用于接收待测岩心柱12中传播的超声波,且探头21借助支架11固定在待测岩心柱12的侧表面上,目的是让探头21能紧贴着待测岩心柱12的侧表面,当探头21发射超声波时,超声波能直接进入待测岩心柱12,在待测岩心柱12中进行传播,当探头21接收超声波时,也能直接接收到待测岩心柱12中传播的超声波,避免了部分超声波未在待测岩心柱12中传播而产生的能量损耗,从而减少了测量误差。The probe 21 is used to transmit ultrasonic waves to the core column 12 to be tested, and to receive the ultrasonic waves propagated in the core column 12 to be tested, and the probe 21 is fixed on the side surface of the core column 12 to be tested by means of the bracket 11, so that the probe 21 can Close to the side surface of the core column 12 to be tested, when the probe 21 emits ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves can directly enter the core column 12 to be tested and propagate in the core column 12 to be tested, and when the probe 21 receives ultrasonic waves, it can also directly receive The ultrasonic waves propagating into the core string 12 to be tested avoid energy loss caused by part of the ultrasonic waves not propagating in the core string 12 to be tested, thereby reducing measurement errors.
探头21有多个,沿待测岩心柱12的多个横截面的周向排布。在不同的位置布置多个探头21时,其中一个探头21就能接收到来自其它探头21发射的不同角度的超声波。例如,在图2中,指定一个探头21为待检测的探头21,与该探头21位于同一个横截面上的其它探头21发射的超声波,传播到待检测的探头21所处位置时,该超声波的角度如果为θ1,而与待检测的探头21不在同一个横截面上的其它探头21发射的超声波,传播到待检测的探头21所处位置时,该超声波的角度如果为θ2,则这两个角度是不相同的。There are multiple probes 21 arranged along the circumference of multiple cross-sections of the core column 12 to be tested. When a plurality of probes 21 are arranged at different positions, one of the probes 21 can receive ultrasonic waves emitted from other probes 21 at different angles. For example, in Fig. 2, designate a probe 21 as the probe 21 to be detected, when the ultrasonic wave emitted by other probes 21 on the same cross section as the probe 21 propagates to the position of the probe 21 to be detected, the ultrasonic wave If the angle of the ultrasonic wave is θ1, and the ultrasonic waves emitted by other probes 21 that are not on the same cross-section as the probe 21 to be detected propagate to the position of the probe 21 to be detected, if the angle of the ultrasonic waves is θ2, then the two The angles are different.
另外,此处所述的探头21具备两个功能:发射超声波和接收超声波。发射的超声波是由超声波信号发生器22产生的。In addition, the probe 21 described here has two functions: transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving ultrasonic waves. The emitted ultrasonic waves are generated by an ultrasonic signal generator 22 .
超声波信号发生器22用于对探头21进行超声波信号激励,以使超声波信号发生器22通过探头21产生超声波,从而使探头21能发射该超声波至待测岩心柱。而超声波波速测试装置23,用于检测探头21接收到的超声波,以获取波速信息。具体地,超声波波速测试装置23能够检测超声波的波形,通过分析波形可以获得对应该波形的波速信息,也可以说,超声波波速测试装置23可以检测超声波的波形及相应的波速信息。如上所述,探头21能接收到的不同角度的超声波,因此,获取的波速信息也包含多个不同角度的波速信息,根据这些波速信息,计算出待测岩心柱的各向异性参数,进而得出页岩各向异性的性质。具体的计算方法将在下面的实施例中进行详细说明。The ultrasonic signal generator 22 is used to excite the probe 21 with an ultrasonic signal, so that the ultrasonic signal generator 22 generates ultrasonic waves through the probe 21, so that the probe 21 can transmit the ultrasonic waves to the core column to be tested. The ultrasonic wave velocity testing device 23 is used to detect the ultrasonic waves received by the probe 21 to obtain wave velocity information. Specifically, the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device 23 can detect the waveform of the ultrasonic wave, and the wave velocity information corresponding to the waveform can be obtained by analyzing the waveform. It can also be said that the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device 23 can detect the ultrasonic wave waveform and the corresponding wave velocity information. As mentioned above, the probe 21 can receive ultrasonic waves at different angles. Therefore, the acquired wave velocity information also includes multiple wave velocity information at different angles. According to these wave velocity information, the anisotropy parameters of the core column to be tested are calculated, and then obtained Anisotropic properties of shale. The specific calculation method will be described in detail in the following examples.
上述实施例中,支架11可以包括多个固定环24(如图2所示),用于卡固待测岩心柱12。这些固定环24所在的平面垂直于待测岩心柱12的轴线,也就是说,这些固定环24所在的平面就是待测岩心柱12的横截面。一个固定环24上设置有多个探头21,以使探头21借助该固定环24固定在待测岩心柱12的侧表面上。通过将多个探头21设置在一个固定环24上,可以方便地实现多个探头21沿待测岩心柱12的横截面的周向排布,另外,通过设置多个固定环24,并使每一个固定环24上都设置有多个探头21,从而可以方便地实现多个探头21沿待测岩心柱12的多个横截面的周向排布。In the above embodiment, the bracket 11 may include a plurality of fixing rings 24 (as shown in FIG. 2 ), which are used to fasten the core column 12 to be tested. The planes where these fixing rings 24 are located are perpendicular to the axis of the core column 12 to be tested, that is to say, the plane where these fixing rings 24 are located is the cross section of the core column 12 to be tested. A plurality of probes 21 are arranged on a fixing ring 24, so that the probes 21 are fixed on the side surface of the core column 12 to be tested by means of the fixing ring 24. By arranging a plurality of probes 21 on a fixed ring 24, the circumferential arrangement of a plurality of probes 21 along the cross-section of the core string 12 to be tested can be easily realized; in addition, by arranging a plurality of fixed rings 24, and making each Multiple probes 21 are arranged on each fixing ring 24, so that multiple probes 21 can be arranged circumferentially along multiple cross-sections of the core column 12 to be tested conveniently.
具体设置几个固定环24,可以根据测量的需要来选择,如果需要获得更多个角度的页岩性质,就可以多设置几个固定环24,每个固定环上多设置几个探头21。Specifically, several fixing rings 24 can be selected according to the needs of the measurement. If more angles of shale properties need to be obtained, more fixing rings 24 can be installed, and more probes 21 can be installed on each fixing ring.
另外,一个固定环24上的多个探头21中,相邻的两个探头21之间的夹角为90度。也就是说,在固定环24所在的平面上,沿该平面的周向,可以布置4个探头21,这样,相邻的两个探头21之间的夹角就为90度。当然,在该平面周向上布置的探头21的个数不限于此,可以根据测量的需要来选择。In addition, among the plurality of probes 21 on one fixing ring 24 , the angle between two adjacent probes 21 is 90 degrees. That is to say, on the plane where the fixing ring 24 is located, four probes 21 can be arranged along the circumferential direction of the plane, so that the angle between two adjacent probes 21 is 90 degrees. Of course, the number of probes 21 arranged in the circumferential direction of the plane is not limited thereto, and can be selected according to the needs of measurement.
并且,假定在一个固定环24上具有第一探头21,相邻的固定环24上假定具有第二探头21,可以如此设置探头21,使得第一探头24与第二探头24的连线平行于待测岩心柱12的轴线。也就是说,在平行于待测岩心柱12轴线的方向上,相邻的两个固定环24各设置一个探头21,即这两个探头21沿平行于待测岩心柱12轴线的方向上上下对齐。如图2中所示的椭圆圈中圈出的两个探头21。And, assuming that there is a first probe 21 on a fixed ring 24, and assuming that there is a second probe 21 on the adjacent fixed ring 24, the probe 21 can be set so that the connection line between the first probe 24 and the second probe 24 is parallel to The axis of the core column 12 to be tested. That is to say, in the direction parallel to the axis of the core column 12 to be tested, a probe 21 is provided on each of the two adjacent fixed rings 24, that is, the two probes 21 go up and down along the direction parallel to the axis of the core column 12 to be tested. align. Two probes 21 are circled in oval circles as shown in FIG. 2 .
在此可以规定:两个探头21中有一个发射超声波,另一个接收超声波,这两个探头21的连线与待测岩心柱12轴线之间的夹角为探头21接收到的超声波的角度。It can be stipulated here that one of the two probes 21 emits ultrasonic waves, and the other receives ultrasonic waves.
根据该规定,同一个固定环上两个探头21之间发射接收超声波时,探头21接收到的超声波的角度为90度,图2中所示的椭圆圈中两个探头21之间发射接收超声波时,探头21接收到的超声波的角度为0度。如此设置探头21之间的角度,可以使各向异性参数的计算简化。According to this regulation, when transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves between two probes 21 on the same fixed ring, the angle of the ultrasonic waves received by the probes 21 is 90 degrees. , the angle of the ultrasonic waves received by the probe 21 is 0 degrees. Setting the angles between the probes 21 in this way can simplify the calculation of the anisotropy parameters.
上述实施例中,支架11还可以如图1所示,包括底座111和支撑杆112,底座111用于固定该支撑杆112,该支撑杆112用于支承该待测岩心柱。In the above embodiment, the bracket 11 may also include a base 111 and a support rod 112 as shown in FIG. 1 , the base 111 is used to fix the support rod 112 , and the support rod 112 is used to support the core column to be tested.
另外,圆柱体的待测岩心柱12的两个端面的平行度可以为±0.01mm以内,以保证在对待测岩心柱12加压以对其固定的情况下,该待测岩心柱12受力均匀。In addition, the parallelism of the two end surfaces of the cylinder core column 12 to be tested can be within ±0.01 mm, so as to ensure that the core column 12 to be tested is stressed when the core column 12 to be tested is pressurized to fix it. uniform.
本实施例提供的页岩各向异性测量装置中,利用支架将多个探头固定在待测岩心柱的侧表面并固定待测岩心柱,且利用超声波信号发生器通过探头产生超声波,从而使超声波能从指定位置的探头经过待测岩心柱到达另一指定位置的探头,超声波波速测试装置能够检测超声波的波形以及相应的波速信息,另外,将多个探头沿待测岩心柱的多个横截面的周向排布,就能使探头接收到多个从不同角度传送过来的超声波,从而获取多个波速信息,根据这些波速信息就可以计算出待测岩心柱的各向异性参数,进而得出页岩各向异性的性质,以满足勘探与开发过程中工程的实际要求。In the shale anisotropy measuring device provided in this embodiment, a plurality of probes are fixed on the side surface of the core column to be tested by using a bracket, and the core column to be tested is fixed, and an ultrasonic signal generator is used to generate ultrasonic waves through the probes, so that the ultrasonic waves The probe at the specified position can pass through the core column to be tested to reach the probe at another specified position. The ultrasonic wave velocity testing device can detect the waveform of the ultrasonic wave and the corresponding wave velocity information. The circumferential arrangement of the probe can make the probe receive multiple ultrasonic waves transmitted from different angles, thereby obtaining multiple wave velocity information. According to these wave velocity information, the anisotropy parameters of the core column to be tested can be calculated, and then obtained The anisotropic nature of shale to meet the practical requirements of engineering in the exploration and development process.
实施例二Embodiment two
图3为本发明实施例二提供的页岩各向异性测量方法的流程图。该方法使用了实施例一中描述的页岩各向异性测量装置,如图3所示,该方法包括如下步骤。Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the method for measuring shale anisotropy provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The method uses the shale anisotropy measuring device described in Example 1, as shown in FIG. 3 , and the method includes the following steps.
步骤301、将待测岩心柱固定在支架上。Step 301, fixing the core column to be tested on the support.
具体地,页岩各向异性测量装置如图1所示,其中的支架11用于支承待测岩心柱12,通过使用支架11,可以固定待测岩心柱12。Specifically, the shale anisotropy measuring device is shown in FIG. 1 , wherein the bracket 11 is used to support the core column 12 to be tested, and the core column 12 to be tested can be fixed by using the bracket 11 .
步骤302、利用超声波信号发生器22对除被检测的探头21之外的每一个探头21依次进行超声波信号激励。Step 302 , using the ultrasonic signal generator 22 to sequentially excite each probe 21 except the detected probe 21 with an ultrasonic signal.
具体地,页岩各向异性测量装置中包括超声波信号发生器22和探头21,超声波信号发生器22用于对探头21进行超声波信号激励,以使超声波信号发生器22通过探头21产生超声波,而探头21用于接收或者发射超声波。通过超声波信号发生器22的激励,探头21能将产生的超声波发射至待测岩心柱12,而探头21从待测岩心柱12接收到的超声波中包含的波速信息,能通过超声波波速测试装置23检测并获取。Specifically, the shale anisotropy measurement device includes an ultrasonic signal generator 22 and a probe 21, the ultrasonic signal generator 22 is used to excite the probe 21 with an ultrasonic signal, so that the ultrasonic signal generator 22 generates ultrasonic waves through the probe 21, and The probe 21 is used to receive or transmit ultrasonic waves. Through the excitation of the ultrasonic signal generator 22, the probe 21 can transmit the generated ultrasonic waves to the core column 12 to be tested, and the wave velocity information contained in the ultrasonic waves received by the probe 21 from the core column 12 to be tested can pass through the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device 23 Detect and acquire.
此步骤中,在多个探头21中任意指定一个探头作为被检测的探头,然后依次对其余的探头进行超声波信号激励,即对除被检测的探头之外的每一个探头依次进行超声波信号激励,从而使超声波信号发生器22依次通过每一个探头21产生超声波信号。In this step, one of the plurality of probes 21 is arbitrarily designated as the detected probe, and then the remaining probes are sequentially stimulated by ultrasonic signals, that is, each probe except the detected probes is sequentially stimulated by ultrasonic signals, Thus, the ultrasonic signal generator 22 passes through each probe 21 in turn to generate ultrasonic signals.
步骤303、利用超声波波速测试装置23对被检测的探头21每次接收到的超声波进行检测,以获取波速信息,该波速信息包含角度及对应该角度的波速,其中,角度为被检测的探头21与被激励的探头之间的连线与待测岩心柱12的轴线之间的夹角。Step 303, use the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device 23 to detect the ultrasonic waves received by the detected probe 21 each time to obtain wave velocity information, the wave velocity information includes the angle and the wave velocity corresponding to the angle, wherein the angle is the wave velocity of the detected probe 21 The included angle between the line connecting the excited probe and the axis of the core string 12 to be tested.
图4为本发明实施例二中超声波波速测试装置检测到的超声波波速的示意图。如图4所示,P波指的是纵波,S波指的是横波,由于P波的波速大于S波,通常P波先被接收到,图4中的第一个起跳点是P波起跳点,从这个点开始检测,能获得P波的波速,到P波波速振幅开始衰减变小的时候,出现增幅增大趋势的点为S波起跳点,从这个点开始检测,能获得S波波速。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic wave velocity detected by the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device in the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, the P wave refers to the longitudinal wave, and the S wave refers to the transverse wave. Since the wave speed of the P wave is greater than that of the S wave, the P wave is usually received first. The first take-off point in Figure 4 is the P wave take-off Point, starting from this point to detect, the wave velocity of P wave can be obtained, and when the amplitude of P wave wave velocity begins to decay and become smaller, the point where the increase trend appears is the S wave take-off point, starting from this point to detect, can obtain S wave wave speed.
每个波速信息都对应一个角度,这个角度规定为:被检测的探头21与被激励的探头之间的连线与待测岩心柱12的轴线之间的夹角。图5为本发明实施例二中探头的布置平面示意图。图5所示的平面可以理解是待测岩心柱12的侧表面沿待测岩心柱12的轴线方向切开后展平。图5中的小圆点代表探头,图中共示出了12个探头,并使用A~M共12个字母进行了标注,平面的“深度”标线平行于待测岩心柱12的轴线,因此,两个探头之间的连线与待测岩心柱12的轴线之间的夹角等同于两个探头之间的连线与平面的“深度”标线的夹角。所以,从图5中可以看出,假定探头F是被检测的探头,探头A发射的超声波从待测岩心柱12中传输到探头F所在位置时,探头F接收到的超声波的角度为:探头A、探头F之间的连线与平面的“深度”标线之间的夹角,即图5所示的90度。图5中还示出了其它几种角度。Each wave velocity information corresponds to an angle, which is defined as the angle between the line connecting the detected probe 21 and the excited probe and the axis of the core column 12 to be tested. Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of the layout of the probes in the second embodiment of the present invention. The plane shown in FIG. 5 can be understood as the side surface of the core column 12 to be tested is cut along the axis direction of the core column 12 to be tested and then flattened. The small dots in Fig. 5 represent probes, and 12 probes are shown in the figure in total, and are marked with 12 letters of A~M, and the "depth" marking line of the plane is parallel to the axis of the rock core column 12 to be tested, so , the angle between the line between the two probes and the axis of the core column 12 to be tested is equal to the angle between the line between the two probes and the "depth" marking line of the plane. Therefore, as can be seen from Fig. 5, assuming that the probe F is the detected probe, when the ultrasonic waves emitted by the probe A are transmitted from the core column 12 to be tested to the position of the probe F, the angle of the ultrasonic waves received by the probe F is: A. The angle between the connection line between the probes F and the "depth" marking line of the plane is 90 degrees as shown in Figure 5. Several other angles are also shown in FIG. 5 .
需要说明的是:探头接收到的超声波的角度与各个探头的设置位置有关系,图5仅给出了一种设置方式,在实际应用时,可以根据需要设置探头的位置,以获得对应不同角度的超声波波速。It should be noted that the angle of the ultrasonic wave received by the probe is related to the setting position of each probe. Figure 5 only shows one setting method. speed of ultrasonic waves.
步骤304、根据获取的所有波速信息计算待测岩心柱12上被检测的探头所处位置的各向异性参数。Step 304 , calculating the anisotropy parameter of the position of the detected probe on the core string 12 to be tested according to all the acquired wave velocity information.
根据以上描述,每个被激励的探头发射出的超声波到达被检测的探头时,都会获得一个带角度的波速信息,那多个探头被激励后,从被检测的探头上就能获取多个波速信息。根据这些波速信息就能计算出待测岩心柱12上被检测的探头所处位置的各向异性参数,进而得出页岩各向异性的性质。According to the above description, when the ultrasonic waves emitted by each excited probe reach the detected probe, an angled wave velocity information will be obtained. After multiple probes are excited, multiple wave velocities can be obtained from the detected probe. information. According to the wave velocity information, the anisotropy parameter at the position of the detected probe on the core column 12 to be tested can be calculated, and then the anisotropic property of the shale can be obtained.
本实施例提供的页岩各向异性测量方法中,由于使用了上述实施例描述的页岩各向异性测量装置,因此利用支架可将多个探头固定在待测岩心柱的侧表面并固定待测岩心柱,且利用超声波信号发生器依次通过每一个探头产生超声波,从而使超声波能从被激励的探头经过待测岩心柱发射至被检测的探头,超声波波速测试装置可检测探头接收到的该超声波,就能获取带角度的波速信息,另外,将多个探头沿待测岩心柱的多个横截面的周向排布,就能使探头接收到多个从不同角度传送过来的超声波,从而获取多个波速信息,根据这些波速信息就可以计算出待测岩心柱的各向异性参数,进而得出页岩各向异性的性质,以满足勘探与开发过程中工程的实际要求。In the shale anisotropy measurement method provided in this embodiment, since the shale anisotropy measurement device described in the above-mentioned embodiments is used, multiple probes can be fixed on the side surface of the core column to be tested by using the bracket and fixed to be The core column is measured, and the ultrasonic signal generator is used to generate ultrasonic waves through each probe in turn, so that the ultrasonic wave can be transmitted from the excited probe to the detected probe through the core column to be tested, and the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device can detect the received by the probe. Ultrasonic waves can obtain wave velocity information with angles. In addition, multiple probes are arranged along the circumferential direction of multiple cross-sections of the core column to be tested, so that the probes can receive multiple ultrasonic waves transmitted from different angles, thereby Obtain multiple wave velocity information, and calculate the anisotropy parameters of the core column to be tested according to these wave velocity information, and then obtain the anisotropic properties of shale to meet the actual engineering requirements in the exploration and development process.
实施例三Embodiment Three
图6为本发明实施三提供的页岩各向异性测量方法的流程图。该方法使用了实施例一中描述的页岩各向异性测量装置,如图6所示,该方法包括如下步骤。Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the method for measuring shale anisotropy provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention. This method uses the shale anisotropy measuring device described in Example 1, as shown in FIG. 6 , and the method includes the following steps.
步骤601、对页岩储层岩心进行切割、打磨,制备成圆柱体的待测岩心柱。Step 601 , cutting and grinding the shale reservoir core to prepare a cylindrical core column to be tested.
具体地,制备好的待测岩心柱的截面直径×高度的尺寸可以为25mm×50mm、38mm×76mm,或者50mm×100mm。Specifically, the cross-sectional diameter×height of the prepared core column to be tested may be 25mm×50mm, 38mm×76mm, or 50mm×100mm.
步骤602、将待测岩心柱固定在支架上。Step 602, fixing the core column to be tested on the support.
步骤603、利用超声波信号发生器对除被检测的探头之外的每一个探头依次进行超声波信号激励。Step 603 , use the ultrasonic signal generator to sequentially excite each probe except the detected probe with an ultrasonic signal.
步骤604、利用超声波波速测试装置对被检测的探头每次接收到的超声波进行检测,以获取波速信息,波速信息包含角度及对应角度的波速,角度为被检测的探头与被激励的探头之间的连线与所述待测岩心柱的轴线之间的夹角。Step 604: Use the ultrasonic wave velocity testing device to detect the ultrasonic waves received by the detected probe each time to obtain wave velocity information. The wave velocity information includes the angle and the wave velocity corresponding to the angle. The angle is the distance between the detected probe and the excited probe. The included angle between the line of and the axis of the core column to be tested.
步骤602~步骤604已在实施例二中做了详细说明,在此不再赘述。Steps 602 to 604 have been described in detail in Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.
步骤605、获取θ为0度、90度、45度时的Vp(θ),其中,θ为角度,Vp(θ)为对应θ的纵波的波速。Step 605. Obtain V p (θ) when θ is 0°, 90°, or 45°, where θ is the angle, and V p (θ) is the wave velocity of the longitudinal wave corresponding to θ.
具体地,步骤605~步骤608是根据Mavko以及Thomsen关于各向异性研究的理论进行各向异性参数计算的详细说明。具体地,超声波分为纵波(P波)和横波(S波),计算被检测的探头所在位置的各向异性参数需要获取几个指定角度的P波波速,θ为角度时,获取θ为0度、90度、45度时的Vp(θ),其中,Vp(θ)就是P波波速。Specifically, steps 605 to 608 are detailed instructions for calculating anisotropy parameters according to Mavko and Thomsen's theories on anisotropy research. Specifically, ultrasonic waves are divided into longitudinal waves (P waves) and transverse waves (S waves). To calculate the anisotropy parameters at the position of the detected probe, it is necessary to obtain the P wave velocity of several specified angles. When θ is the angle, the obtained θ is 0 V p (θ) at degrees, 90 degrees, and 45 degrees, where V p ( θ) is the P wave velocity.
步骤606、获取θ为0度、90度时的VSH(θ),VSH(θ)为对应θ的横波的波速。Step 606: Obtain V SH (θ) when θ is 0° and 90°, where V SH ( θ) is the wave velocity of the shear wave corresponding to θ.
具体地,还需要获取几个指定角度的横波波速,即获取θ为0度、90度时的VSH(θ),其中,VSH(θ)就是S波波速。Specifically, it is also necessary to obtain shear wave velocities at several specified angles, that is, to obtain V SH (θ) when θ is 0 degrees and 90 degrees, where V SH (θ) is the S wave velocity.
步骤607、根据公式公式以及公式Step 607, according to the formula formula and the formula
M=[(c11-c44)sin2θ-(c33-c44)cos2θ]2+(c13+c44)2sin22 θ计算其中的弹性常数c11、c33、c44、c66和c13。M=[(c 11 -c 44 )sin 2 θ-(c 33 -c 44 )cos 2 θ] 2 +(c 13 +c 44 ) 2 sin 2 2 θ to calculate the elastic constants c 11 , c 33 , c 44 , c 66 and c 13 .
步骤608、根据公式以及计算各向异性参数ε、γ以及δ。Step 608, according to the formula as well as Calculate the anisotropy parameters ε, γ, and δ.
步骤609、判断待测岩心柱上所有探头所处位置的各向异性参数是否计算完成。Step 609 , judging whether the calculation of the anisotropy parameters at the positions of all the probes on the core column to be tested is completed.
具体地,为了全面了解待测岩心柱的各向异性性能,需要计算所有布置有探头位置的各向异性参数,因此,当对一个探头检测完并计算完各向异性参数后,还需要对其余的每一个探头都进行检测和计算。Specifically, in order to fully understand the anisotropy performance of the core column to be tested, it is necessary to calculate the anisotropy parameters of all probe positions. Each of the probes is detected and calculated.
如果判断结果为否时,选取未被检测过的探头作为被检测探头,转而执行步骤603。If the judgment result is no, select a probe that has not been detected as the detected probe, and go to step 603 .
也就是说,如果还有未被检测过的探头,那就需要选取这个未被检测过的探头进行检测。That is to say, if there is an undetected probe, it is necessary to select this undetected probe for detection.
如果判断结果为是时,该方法结束。If the judgment result is yes, the method ends.
也就是说,所有的探头都被检测过,且各向异性参数也计算完成,则该方法结束,表明通过计算结果能获得该待测岩心柱的各向异性性能。That is to say, when all the probes have been tested and the anisotropy parameters have been calculated, the method ends, indicating that the anisotropic performance of the core column to be tested can be obtained through the calculation results.
本实施例提供的页岩各向异性测量方法中,由于使用了上述实施例描述的页岩各向异性测量装置,因此利用支架可将多个探头固定在待测岩心柱的侧表面并固定待测岩心柱,且利用超声波信号发生器依次通过除被检测的探头之外的每一个探头产生超声波,从而使超声波能从被激励的探头经过待测岩心柱到达被检测的探头,超声波波速测试装置可检测探头接收到的该超声波,就能获取带角度的波速信息,另外,将多个探头沿待测岩心柱的多个横截面的周向排布,就能使探头接收到多个从不同角度传送过来的超声波,从而获取多个波速信息,根据这些波速信息就可以计算出待测岩心柱的各向异性参数,进而得出页岩各向异性的性质,以满足勘探与开发过程中工程的实际要求。In the shale anisotropy measurement method provided in this embodiment, since the shale anisotropy measurement device described in the above-mentioned embodiments is used, multiple probes can be fixed on the side surface of the core column to be tested by using the bracket and fixed to be Measure the core column, and use the ultrasonic signal generator to generate ultrasonic waves through each probe except the detected probe in turn, so that the ultrasonic energy can pass from the excited probe through the core column to be tested to the detected probe. Ultrasonic wave velocity test device The ultrasonic wave received by the probe can be detected, and the wave velocity information with angle can be obtained. In addition, multiple probes can be arranged along the circumferential direction of multiple cross-sections of the core column to be tested, so that the probe can receive multiple signals from different Ultrasonic waves transmitted at different angles, so as to obtain multiple wave velocity information, based on these wave velocity information, the anisotropy parameters of the core column to be tested can be calculated, and then the anisotropic properties of the shale can be obtained, so as to meet the engineering requirements in the exploration and development process. actual requirements.
另外,通过该方法,可以获得待测岩心柱不同位置上的各向异性性能,使得工程人员能够更加全面地了解待测岩心柱的各向异性性能。In addition, through this method, the anisotropy performance at different positions of the core column to be tested can be obtained, so that engineers can more comprehensively understand the anisotropy performance of the core column to be tested.
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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