CN106225816B - A kind of grating sensing apparatus and method based on Brillouin's wave filter - Google Patents
A kind of grating sensing apparatus and method based on Brillouin's wave filter Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/36—Forming the light into pulses
- G01D5/38—Forming the light into pulses by diffraction gratings
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of grating sensing devices based on Brillouin's wave filter, including wideband light source, first annular device, sensor fibre grating, Brillouin's wave filter, synchronizing signal module, photodetector and signal acquisition process module, Brillouin's wave filter includes generating the fiber segment of stimulated Brillouin scattering SBS effects, the second circulator and narrow line width regulatable light source；The wide range continuous signal light of wideband light source output is exported through first annular device to sensor fibre grating, and the reflected light that generation meets Bragg's condition of reflection is exported through first annular device to fiber segment；Narrow line width regulatable light source output sweep light is exported through the second circulator to fiber segment；Reflected light and the sweep light reverse transfer in fiber segment generate SBS effects, export the center reflection wavelength that amplified reflected light is used for demodulating sensor fibre grating.The invention also discloses a kind of methods of the grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter.Apparatus of the present invention are simple in structure and high certainty of measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fiber grating sensing technology field, particularly a kind of grating sensing dress based on Brillouin's wave filter
It puts and method.
Background technology
Since optical fiber invention the 1960s, various optical active fiber passive devices are always the heat studied with application
Point.With the proposition and development of Internet of Things concept, fiber-optic grating sensor is with its excellent electromagnetism interference, small size, corrosion resistant
It the features such as erosion, easily insertion, high sensitivity, has received widespread attention and studies.Since fiber-optic grating sensor can be realized pair
The sensing of multiple parameters such as temperature, stress, be widely used in power communication, build a bridge, petrochemical industry, space flight and aviation, life
The multiple fields such as object medical treatment.
When fiber-optic grating sensor is sensed, the variation of external environment only changes the center reflection wavelength of fiber grating,
This enable fiber grating sensing system avoid light source power fluctuation, fiber transmission attenuation, phase polarization etc. factors influence,
With higher stability.But this also implies that the stability of Wavelength demodulation and levels of precision can have sensing data directly simultaneously
The influence connect.At present there are many kinds of demodulation scheme, simplest scheme measures optical grating reflection wavelength using spectroanalysis instrument, but
Spectroanalysis instrument volume is big, sweep speed is slow, higher price, precision and the degree of automation are relatively low, is unsuitable for practical engineering application.
Commercial system is mainly using adjustable light wave-filter method and scanning method, but the demodulation accuracy of tunable optic filter method can be filtered
The influence of the nonlinear effects such as the temperature drift of device itself.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide and a kind of filtered based on Brillouin
The grating sensing apparatus and method of device, the present invention have the advantages that high certainty of measurement, system structure are simple.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem：
According to a kind of grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter proposed by the present invention, including wideband light source, first
Circulator, sensor fibre grating, Brillouin's wave filter, synchronizing signal module, photodetector and signal acquisition process module, cloth
In deep wave filter include generating the fiber segment of stimulated Brillouin scattering SBS effects and the second circulator and narrow line width regulatable
Light source；Wherein,
Wideband light source, for exporting wide range continuous signal light to the first port of first annular device；
First annular device, for being exported wide range continuous signal light to sensor fibre grating by its second port；
Sensor fibre grating, for when receiving wide range continuous signal light, output to meet the anti-of Bragg's condition of reflection
Light is penetrated to the second port of first annular device, and is exported by the third port of first annular device to fiber segment；
Synchronizing signal module, for exporting synchronizing signal to narrow line width regulatable light source, signal acquisition process module；
Narrow line width regulatable light source, for according to the synchronizing signal that receives, the of output sweep light to the second circulator
Single port；
Second circulator, for being exported sweep light to fiber segment by its second port；
Fiber segment, for working as reflected light and sweep light in its reverse transfer, generation SBS effects export amplified reflection
Light and is exported by the third port of the second circulator to photodetector to the second port of the second circulator；
Photodetector, for the light intensity of amplified reflected light to be converted into electric signal output to signal acquisition process mould
Block；
Signal acquisition process module, for demodulating the foveal reflex of sensor fibre grating according to synchronizing signal and electric signal
Wavelength.
Scheme, frequency sweep are advanced optimized as a kind of grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter of the present invention
The power of light is more than Pcr,
Wherein, PcrFor Necessary pump；G is the stimulated Brillouin scattering gain for threshold value factor；KpIt is polarization factor, 1≤
Kp≤ 2, KpPolarization state dependent on pump light and stokes light；AeffIt is effective core area；g0It is gain spectrum peak, with pump
Pu optical wavelength is related；LeffIt is effective interaction length, it is related with the optical fiber span length for generating SBS.
Scheme is advanced optimized as a kind of grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter of the present invention, G takes
21。
Based on a kind of method of above-mentioned grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter, include the following steps：
Step 1: generating wide range continuous signal light using wideband light source, the wide range continuous signal light is by first annular device
First port input is exported by the second port of first annular device to sensor fibre grating；
Step 2: the reflected light that the generation of sensor fibre grating meets Bragg condition is input to the second end of first annular device
Mouthful, and exported by the third port of first annular device to fiber segment；
Step 3: using synchronizing signal module output synchronizing signal as narrow line width regulatable light source and signal acquisition at
Manage the trigger signal of module；
Step 4: narrow line width regulatable light source is according to synchronizing signal, the first port of output sweep light to the second circulator,
And it is exported by the second port of the second circulator to fiber segment；
Step 5: reflected light and the sweep light reverse transfer in fiber segment, generate SBS effects and reflected light are amplified,
Amplified reflected light is exported to the second port of the second circulator, and is exported to photoelectricity and visited by the third port of the second circulator
Survey device；
Step 6: the light intensity of amplified reflected light is converted into electric signal output to signal acquisition process by photodetector
Module；
Step 7: the center that signal acquisition process module demodulates sensor fibre grating according to synchronizing signal and electric signal is anti-
Ejected wave is long.
As a kind of method side of advanced optimizing of the grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter of the present invention
Case, the computational methods of the center reflection wavelength of sensor fibre grating are as follows：According to synchronizing signal, opening for each frequency sweep cycle is obtained
Begin time point, the real-time frequency of the i.e. available sweep light at that time of time point where the electrical signal peak by finding each frequency sweep cycle
Rate can calculate corresponding raster center reflection wavelength further according to SBS principles.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following technique effect using above technical scheme：
(1) using stimulated Brillouin scattering as wave filter, Wavelength demodulation precision is determined by frequency sweep optical linewidth, using narrow line
Wide tunable light source realizes high demodulation accuracy, can accurately detecting distant location return small-signal；
(2) it is realized different from common filtering mode by decaying, Brillouin's wave filter is filtered by gain difference,
Fainter and remote signal can be detected；
(3) the present invention is based on scanning methods, are pumped by the sweep light for inputting reversed, utilize the excited Brillouin of generation
The gain spectral of scattering is filtered optical grating reflection light, realizes Wavelength demodulation；The demodulation accuracy of wavelength and the line width of pump light
Correlation using narrow line width regulatable light source in the present apparatus, can obtain higher demodulation accuracy；
(4) system structure is simple, does not need to change the structure of light source and transducing part.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the grating sensing system structure diagram the present invention is based on Brillouin's wave filter；
Fig. 2 be in stimulated Brillouin scattering different pumping for the gain spectrogram of a certain frequency signal light.
Label in attached drawing is construed to：The first port of the first annular devices of A-, the second port of the first annular devices of B-, C-
The third port of one circulator, the first port of the second circulators of D-, the second port of the second circulators of E-, the second circulators of F-
Third port.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
It is the grating sensing system structure diagram the present invention is based on Brillouin's wave filter as shown in Figure 1, one kind is based on cloth
In deep wave filter grating sensing device, including wideband light source, first annular device, sensor fibre grating, Brillouin's wave filter, same
Signaling module, photodetector and signal acquisition process module are walked, Brillouin's wave filter includes generating stimulated Brillouin scattering SBS
The fiber segment of effect and the second circulator and narrow line width regulatable light source；Wherein,
Wideband light source, for exporting wide range continuous signal light to the first port A of first annular device；
First annular device, for being exported wide range continuous signal light to sensor fibre grating by its second port B；
Sensor fibre grating, for when receiving wide range continuous signal light, output to meet the anti-of Bragg's condition of reflection
Light is penetrated to the second port of first annular device, and is exported by the third port C of first annular device to fiber segment；
Synchronizing signal module, for exporting synchronizing signal to narrow line width regulatable light source, signal acquisition process module；
Narrow line width regulatable light source, for according to the synchronizing signal that receives, the of output sweep light to the second circulator
Single port D；
Second circulator, for being exported sweep light to fiber segment by its second port E；
Fiber segment, for working as reflected light and sweep light in its reverse transfer, generation SBS effects export amplified reflection
Light and is exported by the third port F of the second circulator to photodetector to the second port of the second circulator；
Photodetector, for the light intensity of amplified reflected light to be converted into electric signal output to signal acquisition process mould
Block；
Signal acquisition process module, for demodulating the foveal reflex of sensor fibre grating according to synchronizing signal and electric signal
Wavelength.
The power of the sweep light is more than Pcr,
Wherein, PcrFor Necessary pump；G is the stimulated Brillouin scattering gain for threshold value factor, and G takes 21；KpBe polarization because
Son, 1≤Kp≤ 2, KpPolarization state dependent on pump light and stokes light；AeffIt is effective core area；g0It is gain spectral peak
Value, it is related with pump wavelength；LeffIt is effective interaction length, it is related with the optical fiber span length for generating SBS.
Method based on apparatus of the present invention, includes the following steps：
Step 1: generating wide range continuous signal light using wideband light source, the wide range continuous signal light is by first annular device
First port input is exported by the second port of first annular device to sensor fibre grating；
Step 2: the reflected light that the generation of sensor fibre grating meets Bragg condition is input to the second end of first annular device
Mouthful, and exported by the third port of first annular device to fiber segment；
Step 3: using synchronizing signal module output synchronizing signal as narrow line width regulatable light source and signal acquisition at
Manage the trigger signal of module；
Step 4: narrow line width regulatable light source is according to synchronizing signal, the of output narrow linewidth sweep light to the second circulator
Single port, and by the second port of the second circulator export in fiber segment as pump light；
Step 5: reflected light and narrow linewidth the sweep light reverse transfer in fiber segment, generate SBS effects and reflected light are carried out
Amplification, export amplified reflected light to the second port of the second circulator, and by the third port of the second circulator export to
Photodetector；
Step 6: the light intensity of amplified reflected light is converted into electric signal output to signal acquisition process by photodetector
Module；
Step 7: the center that signal acquisition process module demodulates sensor fibre grating according to synchronizing signal and electric signal is anti-
Ejected wave is long.
The computational methods of the center reflection wavelength of sensor fibre grating are as follows：According to synchronizing signal, each frequency sweep week is obtained
Point at the beginning of phase, the i.e. available sweep light at that time of time point where the electrical signal peak by finding each frequency sweep cycle
Real-time frequency can calculate corresponding raster center reflection wavelength further according to SBS principles.
Fig. 2 is the gain spectral schematic diagram of stimulated Brillouin scattering used in the present invention filtering.
Brillouin gain and the relation formula of scattering light frequency are：
In formulaFor Brillouin's peak gain, ΩBFor Brillouin shift, ΓBFor power spectrum bandwidth, Ω is pumping
The difference on the frequency of light and flashlight.
From formula it can be seen that as Ω=ΩB, that is, when scattering light with one Brillouin shift of sweep light frequency phase-difference, gain
Value is maximum.For the flashlight of a certain fixed frequency, gain spectral as shown in Figure 2 can be obtained by changing pumping light frequency.Horizontal axis is in figure
The frequency of pump light, the longitudinal axis are gain range, ΩINFor signal light frequency.When pumping light frequency is ΩIN+ΩBWhen, i.e., and signal
Light differs ΩBWhen, gain spectral has maximum value.
At the time of finding maximum optical power in frequency sweep cycle, the frequency of pump light at this time is obtained, in addition Brillouin shift ΩB
It is determined by optical properties, essentially fixed value, so as to calculate the centre wavelength of scattering light, that is, the center of grating is anti-
Ejected wave is long.
Change since fiber-optic grating sensor reacts external environment by wavelength change, the demodulation accuracy of wavelength is just determined
The levels of precision of sensing is determined.In long-distance sensing and weak reflecting grating multiplexed sensing, reflected light signal is very faint.Pass through
Reversely input high power sweep light generates stimulated Brillouin scattering, can not only amplify return optical signal, can also be believed by frequency sweep
Number more easily demodulate wavelength signals with the time relationship of data measured.In practical application, it is necessary first to demarcate fiber grating
Center wavelength variation amount the relationships of sensitivity changes is passed with ambient temperature, stress etc., then become according to the frequency sweep light intensity that detects
Change the drift value that would know that reflection kernel wavelength, the accurate variation of external environment parameter is finally demodulated according to nominal data
Amount.
The above content is combine specific embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert this hair
Bright specific implementation is confined to these explanations.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, it is not taking off
Under the premise of from present inventive concept, several simple deductions or replacement can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the protection of the present invention
Range.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter, which is characterized in that including wideband light source, first annular device,
Sensor fibre grating, Brillouin's wave filter, synchronizing signal module, photodetector and signal acquisition process module, Brillouin's filter
Wave device includes generating the fiber segment of stimulated Brillouin scattering SBS effects and the second circulator and narrow line width regulatable light source；Its
In,
Wideband light source, for exporting wide range continuous signal light to the first port of first annular device；
First annular device, for being exported wide range continuous signal light to sensor fibre grating by its second port；
Sensor fibre grating, for when receiving wide range continuous signal light, output to meet the reflected light of Bragg's condition of reflection
To the second port of first annular device, and exported by the third port of first annular device to fiber segment；
Synchronizing signal module, for exporting synchronizing signal to narrow line width regulatable light source and signal acquisition process module；
Narrow line width regulatable light source, for according to the synchronizing signal received, the first end of output sweep light to the second circulator
Mouthful；
Second circulator, for being exported sweep light to fiber segment by its second port；
Fiber segment, for working as reflected light and sweep light in its reverse transfer, generation SBS effects export amplified reflected light extremely
The second port of second circulator, and exported by the third port of the second circulator to photodetector；
Photodetector, for the light intensity of amplified reflected light to be converted into electric signal output to signal acquisition process module；
Signal acquisition process module, for demodulating the foveal reflex wave of sensor fibre grating according to synchronizing signal and electric signal
It is long.
A kind of 2. grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sweep light
Power be more than Pcr,
Wherein, PcrFor Necessary pump；G is the stimulated Brillouin scattering gain for threshold value factor；KpIt is polarization factor, 1≤Kp≤ 2,
KpPolarization state dependent on pump light and stokes light；AeffIt is effective core area；g0It is gain spectrum peak, with pumping light wave
Length is related；LeffIt is effective interaction length, it is related with the optical fiber span length for generating SBS.
3. a kind of grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter according to claim 2, which is characterized in that G takes 21.
4. a kind of method of grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter described in based on claims 1 or 2 or 3, special
Sign is, includes the following steps：
Step 1: generating wide range continuous signal light using wideband light source, the wide range continuous signal light is by the first of first annular device
Port input is exported by the second port of first annular device to sensor fibre grating；
Step 2: the reflected light that the generation of sensor fibre grating meets Bragg condition is input to the second port of first annular device,
And it is exported by the third port of first annular device to fiber segment；
Step 3: using the synchronizing signal of synchronizing signal module output as narrow line width regulatable light source and signal acquisition process mould
The trigger signal of block；
Step 4: narrow line width regulatable light source is according to synchronizing signal, the first port of output sweep light to the second circulator, and by
The second port of second circulator is exported to fiber segment；
Step 5: reflected light and the sweep light reverse transfer in fiber segment, generate SBS effects and reflected light are amplified, export
Amplified reflected light and is exported by the third port of the second circulator to photodetection to the second port of the second circulator
Device；
Step 6: the light intensity of amplified reflected light is converted into electric signal output to signal acquisition process mould by photodetector
Block；
Step 7: signal acquisition process module demodulates the foveal reflex wave of sensor fibre grating according to synchronizing signal and electric signal
It is long.
5. a kind of method of grating sensing device based on Brillouin's wave filter according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The computational methods of the center reflection wavelength of sensor fibre grating are as follows：According to synchronizing signal, the beginning of each frequency sweep cycle is obtained
Time point, the real-time frequency of the i.e. available sweep light at that time of time point where the electrical signal peak by finding each frequency sweep cycle
Rate can calculate corresponding raster center reflection wavelength further according to SBS principles.
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| CN106959167B (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-03-08 | 暨南大学 | Measuring device, Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer and brillouin frequency shift measurement system |
| CN107238991B (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2019-10-11 | 上海大学 | A kind of modulating system and method based on stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectra |
| CN107764390A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-06 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of vibration measurement device and measuring method based on weak reflecting grating |
| CN111257274B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2023-09-19 | 长春理工大学 | Blood alcohol testing device based on 1.7 mu m wave band dual-wavelength laser light source |
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| CN105589221A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-05-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tunable dual-passband microwave photonic filter based on stimulated brillouin scattering |
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