CN106225699B - Train wheel set diameter measuring method and system based on laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point - Google Patents
Train wheel set diameter measuring method and system based on laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point Download PDFInfo
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- CN106225699B CN106225699B CN201610596343.8A CN201610596343A CN106225699B CN 106225699 B CN106225699 B CN 106225699B CN 201610596343 A CN201610596343 A CN 201610596343A CN 106225699 B CN106225699 B CN 106225699B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters of objects while moving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
The invention provides a train wheel set diameter measuring method based on a laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point, which comprises the following steps of: (1) obtaining a discrete point set of tread wheel rims on different radius directions of train wheels; (2) respectively fitting the discrete point sets into a complete profile curve; (3) selecting a complete contour curve with the largest number of effective points; (4) and solving to obtain the tread radius. The train wheel set diameter measuring method and system based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point are high in measuring accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for measuring the diameter of a train wheel set based on an optimal point of a laser signal-to-noise ratio, in particular to a method and a system for measuring the diameter of the train wheel set by selecting the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio.
Background
The periphery surface of the train wheel set consists of two functional curved surfaces, namely a wheel rim and a tread, the tread is in contact with the steel rail to realize bearing operation, and the tread and the wheel rim are used for guiding. Therefore, the surface part of the circumferential surface of the wheel set, which is in contact with the steel rail, is worn, only the circular arc at the top end of the wheel rim is not in contact with the steel rail, so that the wheel set is free from wear, and the wheel set always keeps a stable geometric dimension in operation. The diameter of a wheel rim is an important dimension of a train wheel, in the prior art, the diameter of the train wheel set is measured by manually using a train wheel diameter ruler or the measurement is carried out by a train wheel set geometric dimension online measurement system, and the measurement precision of the wheel diameter is 0.5 mm.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method and a system for measuring the diameter of the train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio, and the measurement precision is high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a train wheel pair diameter measuring method based on a laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a discrete point set of tread wheel rims on different radius directions of train wheels;
(2) respectively fitting the discrete point sets into a complete profile curve;
(3) selecting a complete contour curve with the largest number of effective points;
(4) and solving to obtain the tread radius.
The obtaining of the discrete point sets of tread rims on different radial directions of the train wheel comprises:
(11) obtaining coordinates of tread wheel rims on different radius directions of train wheels;
(12) fusing the coordinates into a set of discrete points.
The obtaining of the coordinates of the tread rims of the train wheels in different radius directions comprises:
laser displacement sensors are respectively arranged at positions on the track close to the tread and the wheel rim of the train wheel, and the two laser displacement sensors respectively and synchronously acquire the coordinates of the own coordinate system of the tread and the wheel rim of the train wheel in different radius directions from the time when the train wheel enters the effective measurement range of the laser displacement sensors to the time when the train wheel leaves the effective measurement range of the laser displacement sensors;
and converting the own coordinate system coordinate into an intermediate coordinate system coordinate.
Said converting the own coordinate system coordinates to intermediate coordinate system coordinates comprises:
establishing a conversion relation from the own coordinate system to the intermediate coordinate system;
and converting the coordinate of the own coordinate system into the coordinate of the intermediate coordinate system according to the conversion relation.
The fitting the discrete point sets to a complete profile curve respectively comprises:
fitting the discrete points into a segmentation curve in a segmentation mode;
fitting the piecewise curve to a complete profile curve.
A train wheel set diameter measuring system based on a laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point comprises: a discrete point set acquisition module, a contour curve fitting module, a contour curve selection module and a radius solving module, wherein,
the discrete point set acquisition module is used for acquiring discrete point sets of tread rims of the train wheels in different radius directions;
the contour curve fitting module is used for respectively fitting the discrete point sets into a complete contour curve;
the contour curve selection module is used for selecting a complete contour curve with the largest number of effective points;
and the radius solving module is used for solving to obtain the tread radius.
The contour curve selection module comprises a coordinate acquisition unit and a coordinate fusion unit, wherein,
the coordinate acquisition unit is used for acquiring the coordinates of the tread wheel rims in different radius directions of the train wheels;
and the coordinate fusion unit fuses the coordinates into a discrete point set.
The coordinate acquisition unit comprises two laser displacement sensors and a coordinate conversion unit,
the laser displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the train wheel and respectively and synchronously acquire the coordinates of the own coordinate system of the tread wheel rims in different radius directions of the train wheel;
and the coordinate conversion unit is used for converting the coordinate of the own coordinate system into the coordinate of the intermediate coordinate system.
The coordinate conversion unit includes a coordinate conversion unit including,
the measurement model subunit is used for establishing a conversion relation from the own coordinate system to the intermediate coordinate system;
and the conversion subunit is used for converting the coordinate of the own coordinate system into the coordinate of the intermediate coordinate system according to the conversion relation.
The contour curve fitting module comprises:
the piecewise curve fitting unit is used for fitting the discrete points into a piecewise curve in a piecewise way;
and the contour curve fitting unit is used for fitting the segmented curve into a complete contour curve.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
the method and the system for measuring the diameter of the train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio provided by the invention take the geometric dimension of the top end of the wheel rim as a reference, and realize high-precision measurement of the nominal rolling circle diameter of the train wheel set by an online non-contact laser detection method and data fusion, wherein the measurement precision is as high as 0.2 mm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a train wheel set diameter measuring method based on a laser signal-to-noise ratio optimum point according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the relative position of a laser displacement sensor and a train wheel in the method for measuring the diameter of a train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a measurement range of a laser displacement sensor in the train wheel set diameter measurement method based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimum point of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a projection schematic diagram of a laser displacement sensor in the train wheel set diameter measuring method based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimum point of the invention;
FIGS. 5a and 5B are schematic diagrams of coordinate transformation of laser displacement sensors A and B, respectively, of the train wheel set diameter measurement method based on the optimal point of laser signal-to-noise ratio of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a discrete point set of the fused tread and rim profiles in the train wheel set diameter measurement method based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a complete profile curve formed by fitting a discrete point set in the method for measuring the diameter of a train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a geometric positioning model diagram for radius measurement in the method for measuring the diameter of a train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio of the invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the train wheel set diameter measuring system based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimum point.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the method for measuring the diameter of the train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: obtaining a discrete point set of tread wheel rims on different radius directions of train wheels;
specifically, as shown in fig. 2, laser displacement sensors are respectively disposed on the track at positions close to the tread and the rim of the train wheel, wherein the laser displacement sensor denoted by a is disposed on the track at a position close to the rim, the laser displacement sensor denoted by a is disposed on the track at a position close to the tread, and an inclination angle between a detection surface determined by the laser displacement sensor a and the laser displacement sensor B and a horizontal plane of the track is 45 ° or other angles. Fig. 4 is a schematic projection diagram of laser displacement sensors a and B, the laser displacement sensors a and B synchronously acquire the coordinates of the own coordinate systems of a part of the tread and the wheel rim respectively, and the two laser displacement sensors synchronously acquire the coordinates of the own coordinate systems of the tread and the wheel rim in different radius directions of the train wheel respectively from the effective measurement range of the train wheel entering the laser displacement sensors a and B to the effective measurement range of the laser displacement sensors a and B.
The laser displacement sensor is based on the principle of laser triangulation, the laser displacement sensor is internally composed of an optical system of a laser diode and a CCD linear induction element, laser emitted by a laser source forms a laser band on a tread and a rim, reflected light of the laser band is reflected to the CCD linear induction element at a certain angle, and an integrated circuit of the sensor processes optical displacement data to obtain a tread contour coordinate point. The measured value of the sensor is shown by an X-Y data diagram, namely each measuring point outputs two values, one value is a distance X from a measuring central line, the other value is a distance Y from a sensor laser source, a region C in the diagram 3 is an effective measuring range of a laser displacement sensor A or B, La is a minimum effective range of a transverse X, Le is a maximum effective range of the transverse X, Lm is a minimum effective range of a longitudinal Y, and Ln is a maximum effective range of the longitudinal Y.
Because the sensors are arranged on two sides of the track and the transverse displacement caused by the movement between the wheel tracks, the real-time complete contour curve cannot be naturally superposed with the static standard contour. Furthermore, since the installation positions of the two laser displacement sensors form a certain angle with the horizontal plane and the rail, the curve formed by the measured coordinates of the own coordinate system is necessarily distorted, and the original coordinates of the own coordinate system need to be corrected. As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the correction of the own coordinate system coordinates is achieved by coordinate rotation, by which the own coordinate system coordinates are converted into intermediate coordinate system coordinates. Firstly, establishing a conversion relation model from an own coordinate system to an intermediate coordinate system; and then converting the coordinate of the own coordinate system into the coordinate of the intermediate coordinate system according to the conversion relation.
The conversion relationship model is as follows:
in the formula (x)n (3),yn (3)) For the detection point in the own coordinate system x of sensor A(3)o(3)y(3)(x) of (c)n (4),yn (4)) For the detection point in the own coordinate system x of the sensor B(4)o(4)y(4)Theta is the detection point of the sensor A and y(3)Angle of axis theta' is the detection point of sensor B and y(4)Angle of axes (u)n (3),vn (3)) For the detection point of sensor A in the intermediate coordinate system u(3)o(3)v(3)Coordinate value of (u)n (4),vn (4)) For the detection point of sensor B in the intermediate coordinate system u(4)o(4)v(4)The coordinate value of the inner. And converting the coordinates of the detection points detected by the laser displacement sensors A and B in the own coordinate system according to the model to obtain the coordinates of the detection points in the middle coordinate system.
Since the sensors a and B can only detect the coordinates of a part of the tread and rim profile, the coordinates of the detection points of the laser displacement sensors a and B in the intermediate coordinate system need to be further fused to obtain a discrete point set of the entire tread and rim profile. That is, the coordinates of the detection points of the laser displacement sensors a and B in the intermediate coordinate system are converted into the reference coordinate system. The fusion of the coordinates is realized by a coordinate fusion model.
The coordinate fusion model is as follows:
un＝un (3)，un＝un (4)+Δu
nv＝ nv (3)，vn＝ nv (4)+Δv
in the formula (u)n,vn) In order to fuse the coordinates of the detection points of the laser displacement sensors a and B in the intermediate coordinate system to the coordinates after the reference coordinate system, Δ U is the offset of the origin of the intermediate coordinate system of the laser displacement sensor B in the U-axis direction with respect to the origin of the reference coordinate system, and Δ V is the offset of the origin of the intermediate coordinate system of the laser displacement sensor B in the V-axis direction with respect to the origin of the reference coordinate system. The origin of the reference coordinate system coincides with the origin of the intermediate coordinate system of the sensor a, and therefore the offset of the origin of the intermediate coordinate system of the sensor a from the origin of the reference coordinate system is 0. The set of discrete points of the fused tread and rim profiles is shown in FIG. 6.
S102: respectively fitting the discrete point sets into a complete profile curve;
firstly, fitting discrete points into a segmented curve in a segmented mode; and fitting the segmented curve into a complete profile curve.
The curve shown in fig. 7 is a complete profile curve formed by fitting a discrete point set, and when the wheel and the rail are in contact, the end surface of the train wheel close to the rail and the rail surface are not worn or deformed, so that the measured straight line on the complete profile curve corresponding to the end surface of the train wheel close to the rail has the most obvious characteristics, the end surface straight line is set as a first reference line l of the wheel, a point 70mm away from the end surface of the wheel flange is set as a tread surface point a, the wheel diameter is defined as the radius R of a circle where the point a is located, the vertex of the wheel flange is set as n points, and the radius of the circle where the n points are located. The coordinate-fused points are discrete points, and therefore the points a and n are not exactly included therein. Therefore, the fused discrete point set needs to be fitted to obtain a complete contour curve of the tread and the rim, and then coordinate values of corresponding points a and n on the curve are obtained. The radius r can be calculated according to the coordinate values of the points a and n, and the specific calculation method will be further described in detail later. Because of the complexity of the outline of the tread, a certain curve is difficult to fit the whole tread outline, so that discrete points in a certain range are firstly subjected to piecewise fitting to form a piecewise curve; and fitting the segmented curve into a complete profile curve, thereby improving the accuracy of the extraction of the coordinate value of the reference point.
S103: selecting a complete contour curve with the largest number of effective points;
as mentioned above, from the effective measuring range of the train wheel entering the laser displacement sensor A and B to the effective measuring range leaving the laser displacement sensor A and B, a series of discrete point sets of the tread and the rim corresponding to different radiuses of the train wheel are obtained, the discrete point sets are composed of a certain number of discrete points, due to the change of reflection quality and signal to noise ratio, the number of discrete points falling on a complete contour curve after different discrete point sets are fitted into the complete contour curve is different, namely the number of effective points on different complete contour curves is different, and the radius value ri of the ai point of the complete contour curve with the largest effective point number is selected, so that the measuring precision of the system is higher and more stable, and the measuring precision is higher than that of the existing train on-line wheel set geometric dimension measuring technology and wheel diameter measuring technology for general maintenance.
S104: solving to obtain the tread radius;
fig. 8 is a geometric positioning model diagram for radius measurement, which finds the exact coordinate values of points a and n in the coordinate system uov according to the complete contour curve with the largest number of valid points, so as to obtain the corresponding L1 value of n points, i.e. the v coordinate of n points, and L2 value of a points, i.e. the v coordinate of a points.
And defining the accurate radius R of the n point circumference at the top end of the wheel rim, wherein the accuracy is 0.01mm, and the diameter of the circumference does not generate abrasion change in the operation process, so that the accurate radius R can be used as a stable high-accuracy reference, namely R is known, and the data of the size corresponding to wheel-set turning is stored by using a data host database. When the wheel pair passes through the measuring area, the wheel pair rim climbs the rim measuring support track, the position of the bottom of the circumference of the wheel pair rim is the same height as the origin of the measuring coordinate of the sensor, a geometric positioning model as shown in fig. 8 is formed, and the value of the radius r of the point a can be calculated through R, L1 and L2. The calculation is derived as follows:
r2＝(R-H2)2+S22
S12＝R2-(R-H1)2
fig. 9 provides a train wheel set diameter measuring system based on a laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point, which comprises: a discrete point set acquisition module 201, a profile curve fitting module 202, a profile curve selection module 203, and a radius solving module 204, wherein,
a discrete point set obtaining module 201, configured to obtain a discrete point set of tread rims of train wheels in different radius directions;
a contour curve fitting module 202, configured to respectively fit the discrete point sets into a complete contour curve;
the profile curve selecting module 203 is used for selecting a complete profile curve with the minimum rim height value;
and the radius solving module 204 is used for solving to obtain the tread radius.
Further, the discrete point set obtaining module 201 includes a coordinate obtaining unit, a coordinate fusing unit, wherein,
the coordinate acquisition unit is used for acquiring the coordinates of the tread wheel rims in different radius directions of the train wheels;
and the coordinate fusion unit fuses the coordinates into a discrete point set.
Further, the coordinate acquisition unit comprises two laser displacement sensors and a coordinate conversion unit,
the laser displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the train wheel and respectively and synchronously acquire the coordinates of the own coordinate system of the tread wheel rims in different radius directions of the train wheel;
and the coordinate conversion unit is used for converting the coordinate of the own coordinate system into the coordinate of the intermediate coordinate system.
Further, the coordinate conversion unit includes,
the measurement model subunit is used for establishing a conversion relation from the own coordinate system to the intermediate coordinate system;
and the conversion subunit is used for converting the coordinate of the own coordinate system into the coordinate of the intermediate coordinate system according to the conversion relation.
Further, the profile curve fitting module 202 includes:
the piecewise curve fitting unit is used for fitting the discrete points into a piecewise curve in a piecewise way;
and the contour curve fitting unit is used for fitting the segmented curve into a complete contour curve.
The train wheel set diameter measuring system based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point can achieve higher measuring accuracy than that of the existing train on-line wheel set geometric dimension measuring technology and the wheel diameter measuring technology for general maintenance, and is simple in structure and convenient to install.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A train wheel set diameter measuring method based on a laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a discrete point set of tread wheel rims on different radius directions of train wheels;
(2) respectively fitting the discrete point sets into a complete profile curve; setting a point 70mm away from the end face of the wheel rim as a tread point a, defining the wheel diameter as the radius R of a circle where the point a is located, setting the top point of the wheel rim as n points, and setting the radius of the circle where the n points are located as R;
(3) selecting a complete contour curve with the largest number of effective points;
(4) the tread radius is obtained through solving, the accurate coordinate values of the points a and n in the coordinate system uov are obtained according to the complete contour curve with the maximum number of effective points, so that the corresponding n-point L1 value, namely the v coordinate of the n point, and the a-point L2 value, namely the v coordinate of the a point can be obtained, and the value of the radius r of the a point can be calculated through R, L1 and L2.
2. The method for measuring the diameter of the train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the discrete point sets of the tread rims of the train wheels in different radius directions comprises the following steps:
(11) obtaining coordinates of tread wheel rims on different radius directions of train wheels;
(12) fusing the coordinates into a set of discrete points.
3. The method for measuring the diameter of the train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio as claimed in claim 2,
the obtaining of the coordinates of the tread rims of the train wheels in different radius directions comprises:
laser displacement sensors are respectively arranged at positions on the track close to the tread and the wheel rim of the train wheel, and the two laser displacement sensors respectively and synchronously acquire the coordinates of the own coordinate system of the tread and the wheel rim of the train wheel in different radius directions from the time when the train wheel enters the effective measurement range of the laser displacement sensors to the time when the train wheel leaves the effective measurement range of the laser displacement sensors;
and converting the own coordinate system coordinate into an intermediate coordinate system coordinate.
4. The method for measuring the diameter of the train wheel set based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point as claimed in claim 3, wherein the converting the own coordinate system coordinates into the intermediate coordinate system coordinates comprises:
establishing a conversion relation from the own coordinate system to the intermediate coordinate system;
and converting the coordinate of the own coordinate system into the coordinate of the intermediate coordinate system according to the conversion relation.
5. The method for measuring the diameter of the train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of respectively fitting the discrete point sets into a complete profile curve comprises the steps of:
fitting the discrete points into a segmentation curve in a segmentation mode;
fitting the piecewise curve to a complete profile curve.
6. A train wheel-set diameter measuring system based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimum point, which is used for executing the train wheel-set diameter measuring method according to claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: a discrete point set acquisition module, a contour curve fitting module, a contour curve selection module and a radius solving module, wherein,
the discrete point set acquisition module is used for acquiring discrete point sets of tread rims of the train wheels in different radius directions;
the contour curve fitting module is used for respectively fitting the discrete point sets into a complete contour curve;
the contour curve selection module is used for selecting a complete contour curve with the largest number of effective points;
and the radius solving module is used for solving to obtain the tread radius.
7. The train wheel set diameter measuring system based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point as claimed in claim 6, wherein the discrete point set acquisition module comprises a coordinate acquisition unit, a coordinate fusion unit, wherein,
the coordinate acquisition unit is used for acquiring the coordinates of the tread wheel rims in different radius directions of the train wheels;
and the coordinate fusion unit fuses the coordinates into a discrete point set.
8. The train wheel set diameter measuring system based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point as claimed in claim 7,
the coordinate acquisition unit comprises two laser displacement sensors and a coordinate conversion unit,
the laser displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the train wheel and respectively and synchronously acquire the coordinates of the own coordinate system of the tread wheel rims in different radius directions of the train wheel;
and the coordinate conversion unit is used for converting the coordinate of the own coordinate system into the coordinate of the intermediate coordinate system.
9. The train wheel set diameter measuring system based on the laser signal-to-noise ratio optimal point as claimed in claim 8, wherein the coordinate transformation unit comprises,
the measurement model subunit is used for establishing a conversion relation from the own coordinate system to the intermediate coordinate system;
and the conversion subunit is used for converting the coordinate of the own coordinate system into the coordinate of the intermediate coordinate system according to the conversion relation.
10. The system for measuring the diameter of the train wheel set based on the optimal point of the laser signal-to-noise ratio as claimed in claim 6, wherein the profile curve fitting module comprises:
the piecewise curve fitting unit is used for fitting the discrete points into a piecewise curve in a piecewise way;
and the contour curve fitting unit is used for fitting the segmented curve into a complete contour curve.
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