CN106223987A - Construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material - Google Patents
Construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106223987A CN106223987A CN201610674990.6A CN201610674990A CN106223987A CN 106223987 A CN106223987 A CN 106223987A CN 201610674990 A CN201610674990 A CN 201610674990A CN 106223987 A CN106223987 A CN 106223987A
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- waterproof roll
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- tunnel
- nailing
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001363 water suppression through gradient tailored excitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012945 sealing adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/381—Setting apparatus or devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of tunnel waterproof roll overlays construction method, it is to spray on the end face or sidewall having poured into a mould the engineerings such as the tunnel of once lining concrete layer, basement, dykes and dams culverts and water gates, all kinds of ponds, overlay waterproof roll, often lay one section or one piece of waterproof roll, just compound nailing method is used, waterproof roll is clenched on work surface, waterproof roll can be effectively fixed in the once lining structure in tunnel, and nailing position will not percolating water, then pour into a mould secondary lining concrete on the surface of waterproof roll again, and react with coiled material and be sealing adhesive.This construction method have easy and simple to handle, efficiency is high, waterproof roll is fixing reliable, using especially can be with the overlaying waterproof roll and can wriggle during cement or concrete setting and penetrate into cement gel and concrete pore of cast-in-place concrete generation chemical crosslink reaction and physics mortise and tenon effect, formation has that bonding force is bigger, bond irreversible effect, plays good water proof anti-seepage effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laying or the fixing means of a kind of architectural waterproof material, particularly waterproof sheet or coiled material lay or
It is fixed on engineering end face or the construction methods of sidewall such as large tunnel, subway, basement.
Background technology
At present, the tunnel in transportation, subway basement and for shed deckhead, civil air defense constructions and installations, dykes and dams culverts and water gates, all kinds of water
The construction work carrying out water proof anti-seepage in pond get more and more, in order to waterproof material be mainly coating and various sheet material or
Coiled material, along with asphalt water-proof coiled material or the appearance of the macromolecular sheet material of fabric layer, because it can be with factorial praluction, user
Just, apply in construction and increasingly favored by people, particularly tunnel, subway basement and dykes and dams culverts and water gates end face
Construction, is sealing adhesive to reach waterproof purpose by waterproof roll with one side and the concrete surface of fluid sealant.The most common
Waterproof material mainly have coating class and coiled material class and sealing compound, sealing rod class.What water-repellent paint consumption was more is polyurethane,
Polychloroprene latex, polymer cement waterproof paint, they have a common fault that coating uses: as wayward in construction thickness;With basal plane
Strong bonded, is easily produced " 0 " flexible cracking by basal plane crack;Major part coating is difficult to make in for a long time by the environment of water logging
With, it is not easy to the local use in sun exposure;The water-repellent paint particularly used as polyurethanes solidification, wants construction environment
Ask higher, as basal plane requires smooth, clean, dry, and repeatedly to brush, long construction period, be easily generated molten in work progress
Agent, pollutes environment.And maximum obstacle is the adhesion problem with basal plane during the waterproof material of coiled material class uses, as price is held high
The EPDM rubber waterproof rolling material of your excellent performance is to be bondd with basal plane by gluing, and the service life of adhesive is shorter, makes
Coiled material and basal plane bonding failure is become to produce string water, the phenomenon such as leak;SBS, APP modified pitch class waterproof roll uses hot melt application
Bond with basic unit, owing to flame temperature is uneven, it is difficult to ensure the bond effect of coiled material and basal plane, and hot melt application is easily by ring
Border affects, and basal plane is moist or dust is too much, can make bonding failure, produces string water phenomenon;Common wet-laying/overlay coiled material passes through cement
Mortar can bond with basal plane, forms the structure that completely bonds, but this completely bonding structure is to be formed by physical absorption and mortise and tenon effect,
Bonding reversible, when being affected by factors such as environmental wet thermal cycle, swelling, the base layer motion of steam, full viscous also can degradation failure,
The most still string water seepy question can be produced;The macromolecular sheet material of compound fabric uses cement mortar bonding, during bonding
Cement mortar is difficult to be impregnated with sheet surface fabric, and fabric is easily made sheet material depart from basic unit by the corrosion of cement mortar, loses waterproof
Effect.These defects produced in application process of coating and common coiled material, have material own structural characteristics to determine, are
The defect that they are intrinsic, is insoluble.
In order in place of overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, present inventors studied one can be with cast-in-place concrete generation chemistry
Reaction bonded type waterproof roll and the production method, (Chinese patent application of cementation worked in coordination with by cross-linking reaction and physics mortise and tenon
Number: 200910114456.X) the reaction bonded type waterproof roll of this invention is by modified pitch plasticizer, antioxidant, function
Property the complex such as auxiliary agent, filler carries out dip-coating on carcass, the thick sizing of control, overlay film, rolling are made, enable it to thoroughly solve and
Problem that concrete base layer is bonded and sealed and a difficult problem for wetted surface construction.
In tunnel, subway basement, shed deckhead, civil air defense constructions and installations, dykes and dams culverts and water gates, all kinds of ponds end face or sidewall waterproof
Impervious construction aspect, the method that people use is the concrete inner layer being affixed to end face or sidewall, or arranges at coiled material
Suspender belt, utilizes suspender belt to be fastened on the top in tunnel, then pours into a mould secondary lining concrete, the deficiency that these construction methods exist
Part is that adhesive type waterproof roll is less problematic for basement top or the sidewall of little area, anti-when large area is pasted when
Water coiled material is easy to come off, and the secondary lining concrete strength of cast is big not, utilizes suspender belt to connect the fixing waterproof volume of method
The structure of material becomes complicated, and construction is also not easy, so the waterproof layer of the biggest tunnel, subway basement end face or sidewall is executed
Work difficulty is very big, and waterproof layer is the most easily damaged, causes channeling water phenomenon to occur.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the deficiency of background technology, it is to avoid common adhesive type, suspensory type waterproof roll exist
During waterproof construction, end face or sidewall easily produce the problem come off, and use new technology, by using the present inventor to invent
The synergistic waterproof roll of chemical reaction type and physics mortise and tenon, reach waterproof layer and be tightly combined, firmly, no with concrete
It is reversible that as closely linked as flesh and blood is bonded and sealed effect.
The technical scheme is that and be achieved in that:
The tunnel of once lining concrete layer, subway basement, shed deckhead, bomb shelter, dykes and dams culvert has been poured into a mould having sprayed
On the end face of the engineering such as lock, all kinds of ponds or sidewall, lay wet-laying and overlay waterproof roll, often lay one section of (one piece) waterproof volume
Material, just uses compound nailing method, is clenched by waterproof roll on the end face or sidewall of engineering so that waterproof roll can effectively be consolidated
It is scheduled in the once lining structure in tunnel, observes nailing position and will not pour into a mould secondary again on the surface of waterproof roll after percolating water
Lining concrete, and react with coiled material and be sealing adhesive.
The tunnel of once lining concrete layer, subway basement, shed deckhead, bomb shelter, dike has been poured into a mould having sprayed
On the end face of the engineerings such as dam culverts and water gates, all kinds of ponds or sidewall, lay wet-laying and overlay waterproof roll, often lay one section (one piece) waterproof
Coiled material, just uses compound nailing method, is clenched by waterproof roll on the end face or sidewall of engineering so that waterproof roll can be effective
It is fixed in the once lining structure in tunnel, observes nailing position and will not pour into a mould two again on the surface of waterproof roll after percolating water
Secondary lining concrete, and react with coiled material and be sealing adhesive.
Above-described construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material, the waterproof roll of employing is the waterproof volume of multiple structure
Material.
Above-described waterproof roll can also is that can be with cast-in-place concrete generation chemical reaction and physics mortise and tenon effect
Overlaying waterproof roll, this waterproof roll uses and includes having the modified sealant layer of reactivity, high molecular sheet sheet material layers and fiber
The multilayer material of structure protective layer is composited.
Described compound nailing method is first to be stained with pad sealing together on waterproof roll surface before nailing, then uses nailing
Nail is injected sealing gasket and waterproof roll and is fixed on concrete layer by rifle so that waterproof roll is firmly combined with concrete layer
Being not readily separated, then at waterproof roll upper secondary lining concrete, coiled material is bondd by chemical crosslink reaction with concrete
Seal, it is possible to play good water proof anti-seepage effect.
It is can be with cast-in-place concrete generation chemical reaction and physics mortise and tenon effect that above-described wet-laying overlays waterproof roll
Wet-laying overlay waterproof roll, be use hot melting cohesion multilayer flashing material constitute, close including the modification with reactivity
Adhesive layer, high molecular sheet sheet material layers and fibre structure protective layer, be specifically shown in the present inventor and study disclosed Chinese Patent Application No.:
The content of 200910114456.X), this waterproof roll one side is bonded and sealed layer, can be sealing adhesive with concrete, it is to avoid alter
Water.
Above-described sealing gasket is that steel plate washer or fiber filler strip fluid sealant viscous with reaction is composited, and it can be one side
With fluid sealant, it is also possible to be dual face seals band fluid sealant.Or seal sticking patch or filler strip is directly from mixing with cast-in-place
Solidifying soil occurs the wet-laying of chemical reaction and physics mortise and tenon effect overlay the snip cut on waterproof roll or cut bar.Snip or cut bar
Can be one side viscous can also be double-sided adhesive.
Above-described nailing gun nail is high-strength peg, such as: iron nail, fastener, nickel chromium triangle, nickel molybdenum, NiTi etc.
Stainless steel lag screws.
Above-mentioned described construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material, in order to prevent occurring infiltration or situation about leaking at ailhead
Occur, can be after nailing, at the surface of pad or filler strip adhesive seal pad again, cover nail.So high tensile metal nailing
Can be wrapped up by the viscous sealant layer of reaction, not corroded by aqueous vapor.
Above-mentioned described construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material, in order to prevent occurring infiltration or situation about leaking at ailhead
Occur, can be after nailing, at the surface of pad or filler strip adhesive seal pad again, cover nail.So high tensile metal nailing
Can be wrapped up by the viscous sealant layer of reaction, not corroded by aqueous vapor.
Waterproof roll of the present invention be layered in advance tunnel top construction concrete principle:
1, (shooting) waterproof roll concrete surface at end face is fixed owing to the present invention uses peg, if modified pitch
Waterproof roll adds special modifying agent (studying disclosed Chinese Patent Application No.: 200910114456.X see the present inventor),
Synergism (Chemical Bonding and Physical by chemical crosslinking with physics mortise and tenon
CrosslinkingSynergism) it is called for short CPS), so that it may penetrate into so that coiled material is wriggled during cement, concrete setting
Cement gel and concrete pore, form netted mortise and tenon, and with cement related compounds generation chemical reaction, form chemical crosslinking
Effect, plays CPS effect, makes coiled material and concrete reach the adhesive effect that as closely linked as flesh and blood.It is in the process with concrete binding
In, not only there is the creep crack resistance of self-adhesive coiled material, self-healing, wet bonding, the performance of anti-channeling aqueous, more highlight it mixed
Unique advantage in terms of solidifying Soil Interface bonding, it is to form " IPN grid type " interface knot between waterproof roll and concrete
Structure, thus reach to be tightly combined, as closely linked as flesh and blood bond effect firm, irreversible, thoroughly solve modified bituminous pitch coiled material and base
Face cohesive force is big not, cohesive force the most persistently, the problem the most affected by environment, it is achieved that coiled material forms bonding with basal plane can not
The Waterproof structural course of integral type inverse, the most impaired, makes " skin-type " waterproof idea obtain perfect realization.
This construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material compared with prior art has a following outstanding feature:
1, at present sprayed poured into a mould the tunnel of once lining concrete layer, subway basement, shed deckhead, bomb shelter,
On the end face of the engineerings such as dykes and dams culverts and water gates, all kinds of ponds or sidewall, lay and overlay waterproof roll and easily produce and come off, compound when using
Nailing technology can reach waterproof layer fixation, and can seal waterproof with concrete reaction bonded, stop seepage.
2, use the present inventor's research can jointly play chemical crosslink reaction and physics mortise and tenon synergism with concrete
Modified pitch and macromolecule, fibrous layer, polymer material layer and adhesive layer be combined with each other can mixed with construction surface bonding
Solidifying soil overlays, wet-laying multilayer flashing coiled material, and wriggling during cement, concrete setting penetrates into cement gel and concrete hair
Pore, is formed and has that bonding force is bigger, it is irreversible to bond, bonding coordination of potent and mild therapies;Bonding more longlasting concrete overlays, wet-laying is many
Layer waterproof roll, reaches to be tightly combined, as closely linked as flesh and blood bond effect firm, irreversible, and its bonding force is big, the most only physics
Absorption and mortise and tenon effect, and produce chemical bonding effect at the mortise and tenon position gone down to the grass-roots units, make the two of mortise and tenon and chemical crosslinking
Effect of planting is collaborative to be carried out, and makes bonding the most firm.Even if coiled material top layer is destroyed, bonding basal plane interface be also not damaged and
Produce channeling water drainage.
3, bonding persistently.Physical absorption and mortise and tenon, often under the effect that solvent, steam or basal plane expand with heat and contract with cold, produce and solve
Absorption and the process of de-mortise and tenon, so that cohesive force declines, lose the waterproof effect of permanent closure.And added by nailing technology
The concrete of the present inventor's research overlays, wet-laying multilayer flashing coiled material, there is chemical bonding effect at mortise and tenon position, not by damp and hot
Circulation, steam expand, base layer motion impact, and produce adhesiving effect enduringly, and the waterproof life-span making coiled material is identical with body layer.
4. wide adaptability.Owing to pad filler strip or the appearance two-layer of the present invention are modified asphalt layer, so, composite sheet material
Can react with cement, concrete up and down in construction surface so that physical absorption, mortise and tenon effect and chemical reaction are more abundant, viscous
Relay is higher, then is aided with high molecular sheet sheet material layers or the fiber layer structure protective layer in intermediate layer, thus it not only conform to transportation,
Architectural engineering, the water leakage of civil air defense constructions and installations, particularly in the waterproofing work of particular importance.
4. wide adaptability.Owing to pad filler strip or the appearance two-layer of the present invention are modified asphalt layer, so, composite sheet material
Can react with cement, concrete up and down in construction surface so that physical absorption, mortise and tenon effect and chemical reaction are more abundant, viscous
Relay is higher, then is aided with high molecular sheet sheet material layers or the fiber layer structure protective layer in intermediate layer, thus it not only conform to transportation,
Architectural engineering, the water leakage of civil air defense constructions and installations, particularly in the waterproofing work of particular importance.
5, the construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material of the present invention combines nailing at the junction of two panels waterproof roll, filler strip
Use, it may not be necessary to waterproof roll just can be fixed tightly in tunnel, subway basement, shed deckhead, air defense by hot melt or welding
On the end faces of engineering such as hole, dykes and dams culverts and water gates, all kinds of ponds or the concrete of sidewall.
6, the construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material Billy of the present invention can the most greatly by the method that suspender belt connection is fixing
Fast speed of application and raising construction quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Waterproof roll is layered on the structure of tunnel top construction concrete in advance and includes once lining concrete layer and once lining
The waterproof roll of concrete layer, waterproof roll is first put a piece of pad or filler strip, is fixed (shooting) waterproof roll by peg and exist
The concrete surface of end face.
Waterproof roll is layered on the structure of tunnel top construction concrete in advance and includes once lining concrete layer and be layered on mixed in advance
The waterproof roll of solidifying soil layer, when waterproof roll has edge fit, is first put a piece of pad or filler strip at edge fit, is fixed by peg
(shooting) waterproof roll is at the concrete surface of end face.
Embodiment 1
The construction of Guangxi vcehicular tunnel, first sprays the concrete layer of a layer thickness 10 centimetres, after concrete dry in tunnel roof
Lay wet-laying and overlay waterproof roll, often lay one section of (one piece) waterproof roll, just use compound nailing method, waterproof roll is followed closely
Tight on the end face or sidewall of engineering, described compound nailing method is first to put a fritter on waterproof roll surface before nailing
Pad or filler strip, then inject nail in laying water-proof coiled material and concrete layer above pad or filler strip with nailing gun,
Make waterproof roll and concrete layer be firmly combined with being not readily separated, then pour into a mould a layer concrete again on the surface of waterproof roll,
Just can play good water proof anti-seepage effect.
Embodiment 2
In March, 2010, the rebuilding construction of Guangxi unit office building basement, this office building has been built 8 years, due to office building
Place subsoil water is abundanter, and basement part wall has infiltration phenomenon, and first the present inventor processes sidewall, smears one layer of 1-at sidewall
The concrete of 2 cm thick, then lays wet-laying and overlays waterproof roll, often lays one section of (one piece) waterproof roll, just uses multiple
Close nailing method, waterproof roll is clenched on the end face or sidewall of engineering, described compound nailing method be before nailing
Fritter pad or a filler strip is first put on waterproof roll surface, then above pad or filler strip, nail is injected paving with nailing gun
If in waterproof roll and concrete layer so that waterproof roll and concrete layer are firmly combined with being not readily separated, then at waterproof roll
Surface spray the concrete of a layer 2 centimetres again, through 4 months, in the rainy season in particularly 3-5 month, find water proof anti-seepage effect very
Good, wall no longer has infiltration phenomenon.
The product of the present invention its peel strength on inspection is national standard more than 2 times, and other performances meet GB/23457-
2009 requirements.
Claims (5)
1. a construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material, it is characterised in that: pour into a mould once lining concrete having sprayed
On the engineering end face of layer or sidewall, overlay waterproof roll, often lay one section or one piece of waterproof roll, just use compound nailing side
Method, clenches waterproof roll on work surface so that waterproof roll can be effectively fixed in the once lining structure in tunnel, observes
Nailing position will not pour into a mould secondary lining concrete again after percolating water on the surface of waterproof roll, and to react sealing viscous with coiled material
Knot;
Described waterproof roll be can with cast-in-place concrete generation chemical reaction and physics mortise and tenon effect overlay waterproof roll, should
Waterproof roll uses and includes having the modified sealant layer of reactivity, high molecular sheet sheet material layers and the multilamellar of fibre structure protective layer
Material cladding forms;Described compound nailing method is first to be stained with pad sealing together on waterproof roll surface, then before nailing
With nailing gun, nail injected sealing sticking patch and waterproof roll and be fixed on concrete layer.
Construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described nailing gun
Nail is peg.
Construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described sealing gasket is to use
Pad that steel or fiber manufacture or filler strip, and there is on its two sides is compound reactivity chemistry can be occurred anti-with cast-in-place concrete
Should be with the fluid sealant of physics mortise and tenon effect.
Tunnel the most according to claim 1 waterproof roll overlay construction method, it is characterised in that: use compound nailing
After, be additionally included in the surface of pad or filler strip and paste waterproof gasket cement again, cover the step of nail, prevent from occurring at ailhead infiltration or
Leak.
5. the tunnel waterproof roll described in claim 1 overlay construction method, it is characterised in that: the method subway,
The application of construction is overlay on lower room, shed deckhead, bomb shelter, dykes and dams culverts and water gates and the end face of all kinds of water tank engineering or sidewall.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201610674990.6A CN106223987A (en) | 2016-08-17 | 2016-08-17 | Construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201610674990.6A CN106223987A (en) | 2016-08-17 | 2016-08-17 | Construction method for pre-laying tunnel waterproof coiled material |
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CN106223987A true CN106223987A (en) | 2016-12-14 |
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CN113445541A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-28 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Freezing area assembly type subway wind pavilion and construction method thereof |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113445541A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-28 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Freezing area assembly type subway wind pavilion and construction method thereof |
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