A kind of composite wood of Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene
Material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of compound material, relate to a kind of easily preparation, low cost, high performance advanced composite material (ACM), tool
Body relates to composite of a kind of Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Politef (PTFE) have excellence chemical stability, radiation resistance, dielectric properties, extremely low coefficient of friction and
Self lubricity, has important answering in national economy fields such as chemical industry, machinery, electronics, electrical equipment, military project, space flight, environmental protection and bridges
With.Yet with the construction features of PTFE molecule, between macromole, captivation is less, and ribbon crystal is easily peeled off by lamellar, thus table
It is now the shortcomings such as poor mechanical property, linear expansion coefficient and load metamorphism are big.Generally use micron order graphite, molybdenum bisuphide, copper powder,
The inorganic particle filled modified ptfe such as glass fibre.
Inorganic filler has the advantages such as high-modulus, easy preparation, and its filling-modified macromolecule is that one is simply effectively improved height
The method of molecule performance, calcium carbonate (including triple superphosphate and fine particle calcium carbonate) has that raw material is easy to get, cheap, good stability, color and luster are simple,
The plurality of advantages such as nontoxic, and be widely used in the fields such as plastics, rubber, papermaking, ink, building materials, electric wire, be a kind of often
It is used to the inorganic filler of filling-modified macromolecular material.Relative to PTFE synthetic resin, the price of calcium carbonate is much lower, will
Calcium carbonate joins in PTFE, can improve the performance such as modulus and wearability of PTFE, it is also possible to substantially reduce PTFE article
Price.Simultaneously filling-modified compared to the high cost using the inorganic particulate such as molybdenum bisuphide, copper powder, the cost of calcium carbonate is obviously wanted
Low much.Belonging to inorganic particle yet with calcium carbonate, particle surface is hydrophilic oleophobic, presents stronger polarity, with PTFE
Between matrix, adhesion is low, and when calcium carbonate loading height in PTFE matrix, the composite of formation is by external impacts
Time, easily cause boundary defect, cause material property drastically to decline;Therefore, only calcium carbonate is carried out suitable modification could expire
Without the mechanical strength of PTFE is greatly lowered while having bigger loading in PTFE matrix enough.
Generally speaking the powder surface modification of calcium carbonate selects titanate coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent mostly, and auxiliary
Surface modification is carried out with other dispersant and auxiliary agent etc..But in view of the higher moulding process requirement of politef, mostly
Number above-mentioned modifying agent all can not meet low cost, the effect of high efficiency modified calcium carbonate, though and some heatproof apolar substance also
Can play the effect of surface coating modification calcium carbonate, but owing to the various reasons such as polarity spectrum is the biggest are extremely difficult to be coated with completely
Effect, can make modified effect not reach most preferably, i.e. there is the modified incomplete phenomenon of degree, explore the most further calcium carbonate-
The modified technique of politef system, has important actual application value.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the compound of a kind of Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene
Material, uses Gemini surface active agent and paraffin to be modified calcium carbonate successively, and making gained modified calcium carbonate surface is non-pole
Property, possess good processing fluidity, with politef, there is the extraordinary compatibility, make gained composite material exhibits go out excellent
Different mechanical property and stability, and the preparation method related to is simple, cost of material is low, is suitable for popularization and application.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The composite of a kind of Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene, described raw material is by weight
Number is calculated as: polytetrafluoroethylsuspending suspending powder body 75~90 parts, calcium carbonate powder 10~25 parts, Gemini surface active 0.05~
0.2 part, paraffin 0.15~0.5 part.
Preferably, described raw materials by weight portion is calculated as: polytetrafluoroethylsuspending suspending powder body 70~75 parts, calcium carbonate powder 25
~30 parts, Gemini surface active 0.10~0.25 part, paraffin 0.25~0.5 part.
In such scheme, described calcium carbonate powder is 3000 mesh ground calcium carbonate.
In such scheme, the structural formula of described Gemini surface active is shown in Formulas I:
Preferably, possibly together with the antioxidant 1010 of 0.006~0.024 weight portion in described raw material.
The preparation method of the composite of above-mentioned a kind of Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene,
Comprise the steps:
1) calcium carbonate modified: calcium carbonate to be dispersed in water and dehydrated alcohol, add Gemini surface active and enter
Row isothermal reaction, is subsequently adding paraffin, carries out heated and stirred, backflow, after naturally cooling to room temperature under oil bath or water bath condition
Stop stirring, take out solution in flask, dry, obtain modified calcium carbonate powder body;
2) complex sintered: gained modified calcium carbonate powder body to be blended with tetrafluoroethene suspension powder body, is then placed in mould
In tool, cold moudling obtains composite board, is wrapped by composite board with aluminium foil and is placed in Muffle furnace, carries out temperature-gradient method and sinter
The composite of described Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene.
In such scheme, described isothermal reaction temperature is 50~80 DEG C, and the time is 30min~60min.
In such scheme, described heated and stirred temperature is 70~92 DEG C, and return time is 100~180min.
In such scheme, described drying temperature is 45~55 DEG C.
In such scheme, described multi-steps sintering technique is: the first stage is risen to 180 DEG C by room temperature, constant temperature 150min;Second
Stage is warming up to 270 DEG C by 180 DEG C, constant temperature 180min;Phase III is warming up to 380 DEG C by 270 DEG C, constant temperature 180min.
The principle of the present invention is:
The present invention carries out surface portion modification first with Gemini surface active agent to calcium carbonate, provides bar for paraffin cladding
Part, recycling paraffin coated caco3 completes modification;Gained modified calcium carbonate is used for filled polytetrafluoroethylene, completes composite wood
The preparation of material: due to the mixture that paraffin is multiple n-alkane composition, with the polar repulsion of calcium carbonate, lean on merely mechanism
Power is extremely difficult to the effect of complete coated caco3;And containing two hydrophilic groups in the Gemini surface active that the present invention uses
With two hydrophobic groups, compared to conventional surfactant, in its molecule, two hydrophilic head bases are close-coupled at by spacer group
Together, the hydrophilic head that furthered base and the distance of hydrophobic tail chain, promote the absorption in solid liquid interface of the hydrophilic head base, enhance alkyl
The interaction of interchain, the hydrophobic interaction of alkyl chain gets a promotion;Before being modified calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate surface has greatly
Amount hydroxy functional group, surface is electronegativity, easily with the hydrophilic head base junction conjunction of the Gemini surface active of positively charged, hydrophobic group tail
At calcium carbonate surface outwardly, then to be prone to paraffin closely coupled for calcium carbonate surface hydrophobic group tail chain outwardly for chain, that is at carbonic acid
One layer of fine and close apolar layer of calcium Surface coating, basically reaches the effect of the complete coated caco3 of paraffin, makes modified calcium carbonate table
Face is nonpolar, possesses good processing fluidity, has the extraordinary compatibility with politef, makes gained composite
Show mechanical property and the stability of excellence.
The beneficial outcomes of the present invention is:
1) present invention uses low cost, technique simple method modified calcium carbonate, be effectively improved calcium carbonate powder particle with
The compatibility between politef, makes microparticle surfaces produce new physics, chemistry, mechanical property and new function, thus
The raising material property of limits and its loading in PTFE material;
2) the calcium carbonate-filled ptfe composite mechanical property after this method modification is significantly carried
Height, reduces its manufacturing cost, enriches its application channel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is (a) Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparation
Composite and 2000 times of scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of (b) comparative example 1 gained composite.
Fig. 2 be the composite prepared by embodiment 1,2,3,4 respectively with the drawing of comparative example 1,2,3,4 gained composite
Stretch intensity contrast curve.
Fig. 3 is disconnected with comparative example 1,2,3,4 gained composite respectively of the composite prepared by embodiment 1,2,3,4
Split the correlation curve of percentage elongation.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be more fully understood that the present invention, it is further elucidated with present disclosure below in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not
It is limited only to the following examples.
Following example as no specific instructions, the commercially available chemical reagent of reagent of employing or industrial products.
In following example, the structural formula of the Gemini surface active of employing is shown in Formulas I:
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
1) synthesis step of the double monoxone hydroquinone ester of intermediate product: hydroquinone, chloracetyl chloride are pressed with triethylamine
It is that 1:3.5:4 mixes according to mol ratio, makees solvent with anhydrous propanone at 0 DEG C, react 6h;Cool down sucking filtration after completion of the reaction, filter
Cake washing with acetone three times, pours in frozen water by filtrate under stirring, stratification, sucking filtration, and filter cake is first with water and the mixing of acetone
Liquid washs, and is washed with water and washs twice, and acetone-petroleum ether recrystallization used after drying by gained solid, obtains double monoxone hydroquinone
Ester brown solid;
2) synthesis step of intermediate product N, N-diethyl ten amine: be 1 according to mol ratio by 1-bromo ten alkane and diethylamine:
4 mixing, make solvent with dehydrated alcohol and reacts 24h at 95 DEG C, after reaction terminates, with Rotary Evaporators removing etoh solvent and not
The diethylamine of reaction, neutralizes residue sodium hydroxide solution;Mixed liquor is extracted with ethyl acetate three times, merges organic facies and uses
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is dried overnight;Remove the ethyl acetate in filtrate with Rotary Evaporators after filtration, obtain pale yellow oily liquid body,
Finally obtain highly purified N, N-diethyl ten amine with oil pump decompression distillation;
3) synthesis step of end product Gemini surface active agent: by double monoxone hydroquinone esters and N, N-diethyl ten
Amine is 1:4 mixing according to mol ratio, makees solvent with dehydrated alcohol and reacts 96h at 90 DEG C, washes with petroleum ether after being cooled to room temperature
Wash three times, obtain brown oil, be final high-purity product.
It is below synthetic route chart:
Embodiment 1
The composite of a kind of Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene, its preparation method includes
Following steps:
It is 1) calcium carbonate modified: 25 weight parts of calcium carbonate to be dispersed in 250ml water and 75ml dehydrated alcohol blended liquid,
Add and carry out isothermal reaction 30min at 0.10 weight portion Gemini surface active 50 DEG C, be subsequently adding 0.15 weight portion paraffin,
Carry out being heated to 92 DEG C of stirrings, backflow 180min under oil bath or water bath condition, stop stirring after naturally cooling to room temperature, take out
Solution in flask, carries out drying (45 DEG C), obtains modified calcium carbonate powder body;
2) complex sintered: gained modified calcium carbonate powder body and 75 weight portion tetrafluoroethene suspension powder body are placed in high-speed stirred
Being blended in device (20000-30000r/min), add 0.006 weight portion antioxidant 1010, then gained compound is transferred to
In mould, on vulcanizing press, cold moudling obtains composite board (dry for standby), is wrapped by composite board with aluminium foil and is placed in
In Muffle furnace, carry out temperature-gradient method sintering: the first stage is risen to 180 DEG C by room temperature, constant temperature 150min;Second stage is by 180 DEG C
It is warming up to 270 DEG C, constant temperature 180min;Phase III is warming up to 380 DEG C by 270 DEG C, constant temperature 180min.Gemini table described in
The composite (modified calcium carbonate loading accounts for 25wt%) of face activating agent modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene.
Embodiment 2
The composite of a kind of Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene, its preparation method includes
Following steps:
It is 1) calcium carbonate modified: 26 weight parts of calcium carbonate to be dispersed in 260ml water and 78ml dehydrated alcohol blended liquid,
Add and carry out isothermal reaction 40min at 0.15 weight portion Gemini surface active 70 DEG C, be subsequently adding 0.30 weight portion paraffin,
Carry out being heated to 85 DEG C of stirrings, backflow 120min under oil bath or water bath condition, stop stirring after naturally cooling to room temperature, take out
Solution in flask, carries out drying (50 DEG C), obtains modified calcium carbonate powder body;
2) complex sintered: gained modified calcium carbonate powder body and 74 weight portion tetrafluoroethene suspension powder body are placed in high-speed stirred
Being blended in device (20000-30000r/min), add 0.012 weight portion antioxidant 1010, then gained compound is transferred to
In mould, on vulcanizing press, cold moudling obtains composite board (dry for standby), is wrapped by composite board with aluminium foil and is placed in
In Muffle furnace, carry out temperature-gradient method sintering: the first stage is risen to 180 DEG C by room temperature, constant temperature 150min;Second stage is by 180 DEG C
It is warming up to 270 DEG C, constant temperature 180min;Phase III is warming up to 380 DEG C by 270 DEG C, constant temperature 180min.Gemini table described in
The composite (modified calcium carbonate loading accounts for 26wt%) of face activating agent modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene.
Embodiment 3
The composite of a kind of Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene, its preparation method includes
Following steps:
It is 1) calcium carbonate modified: 29 weight parts of calcium carbonate to be dispersed in 290ml water and 87ml dehydrated alcohol blended liquid,
Add and carry out isothermal reaction 50min at 0.20 weight portion Gemini surface active 75 DEG C, be subsequently adding 0.45 weight portion paraffin,
Carry out being heated to 80 DEG C of stirrings, backflow 110min under oil bath or water bath condition, stop stirring after naturally cooling to room temperature, take out
Solution in flask, carries out drying (52 DEG C), obtains modified calcium carbonate powder body;
2) complex sintered: gained modified calcium carbonate powder body and 71 weight portion tetrafluoroethene suspension powder body are placed in high-speed stirred
Being blended in device (20000-30000r/min), add 0.024 weight portion antioxidant 1010, then gained compound is transferred to
In mould, on vulcanizing press, cold moudling obtains composite board (dry for standby), is wrapped by composite board with aluminium foil and is placed in
In Muffle furnace, carry out temperature-gradient method sintering: the first stage is risen to 180 DEG C by room temperature, constant temperature 150min;Second stage is by 180 DEG C
It is warming up to 270 DEG C, constant temperature 180min;Phase III is warming up to 380 DEG C by 270 DEG C, constant temperature 180min.Gemini table described in
The composite (modified calcium carbonate loading accounts for 29wt%) of face activating agent modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene.
Embodiment 4
The composite of a kind of Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene, its preparation method includes
Following steps:
Calcium carbonate modified: 30 weight parts of calcium carbonate to be dispersed in 300ml water and 90ml dehydrated alcohol blended liquid, add
Enter and carry out isothermal reaction 60min at 0.25 weight portion Gemini surface active 80 DEG C, be subsequently adding 0.50 weight portion paraffin,
Carry out under oil bath or water bath condition being heated to 70 DEG C of stirrings, backflow 100min, stop stirring after naturally cooling to room temperature, take out and burn
Solution in bottle, carries out drying (55 DEG C), obtains modified calcium carbonate powder body;
Complex sintered: gained modified calcium carbonate powder body and 70 weight portion tetrafluoroethene suspension powder body are placed in high speed agitator
(20000-30000r/min) being blended in, add 0.026 weight portion antioxidant 1010, then gained compound is transferred to mould
In tool, on vulcanizing press, cold moudling obtains composite board (dry for standby), is wrapped by composite board with aluminium foil and is placed in horse
Not in stove, carry out temperature-gradient method sintering: the first stage is risen to 180 DEG C by room temperature, constant temperature 150min;Second stage is risen by 180 DEG C
Warm to 270 DEG C, constant temperature 180min;Phase III is warming up to 380 DEG C by 270 DEG C, constant temperature 180min.Gemini surface described in
The composite (modified calcium carbonate loading accounts for 29wt%) of activating agent modified calcium carbonate filled polytetrafluoroethylene.
Comparative example 1~4
The preparation method of comparative example 1,2,3,4 (the most unmodified composite 1,2,3,4) described composite is respectively
Roughly the same in preparation method described in embodiment 1,2,3,4, difference does not carry out corresponding step 1) described in calcium carbonate
Modifying process.
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of embodiment 2 and comparative example 2 gained composite is shown in Fig. 1, it can be seen that monodispersed CaCO3?
Grain is less, mostly presented in aggregate, shows the CaCO of non-modified3Owing to surface can be high, and in strong polarity,
So in PTFE matrix difficulties in dispersion, easily reunite, owing to strong polarity causes the CaCO of non-modified3Surface in
Existing hydrophilic oleophobic property, with PTFE poor compatibility, causes particle to be prone in the base come off, the most all the more so under stressing conditions.
CaCO in Fig. 1 (b)3Particle is then to be dispersed in PTFE matrix, and particle is small-sized, distributed more widely, this be because of
For the CaCO modified through Gemini surface active and paraffin modification3Particle surface there occurs change so that its surface nature
Changing, surface energy higher before reducing, the reunion tendency between particle is substantially reduced, and after modification, surface presents
For nonpolar so that CaCO3Particle is obviously improved with the compatibility of PTFE, also increases CaCO3Particle and the interface of PTFE matrix
Adhesion, more unmodified CaCO3It is not easy to come off.From Fig. 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b) contrast it can also be seen that CaCO the latter3Particle
Smaller, distribution is wider, also has benefited from the modifying function of Gemini surface active.
The composite preparing embodiment 1,2,3,4 and comparative example 1,2,3,4 is carried out extension test respectively, uses height
Ferrum detecting instrument company limited TCS-2000 tensile testing machine, tests temperature 25 DEG C, rate of extension 20mm/min, method for making sample:
CaCO sintering completed with the cut-off knife being heated to high temperature3/ PTFE composite sheet material is cut into dumbbell shaped standard batten, test knot
Fruit is shown in Table 2 and table 3 respectively.Result shows: the composite wood prepared through the inventive method Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate
Material, the mechanical property such as hot strength and elongation at break is unmodified composite under being superior in proportion.
Comparative example 5
The preparation method of composite described in comparative example 5 is roughly the same with preparation method described in embodiment 1, and difference exists
In step 1) in be added without corresponding Gemini surface active and be modified.Mechanical experimental results shows, comparative example 5 institute
The hot strength stating composite is 24.33MPa, far below the 27.48MPa of composite described in embodiment 1;Comparative example 5 institute
The elongation at break stating composite is 352.36%, also far below 378.34% of composite described in embodiment 1.More than tie
Fruit shows through composite prepared by the inventive method Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate, hot strength and extension at break
The mechanical properties such as rate are superior to the composite not using Gemini surface active modified calcium carbonate to prepare.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that those of ordinary skill in the art is come
Saying, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, making some modifications and variations, these broadly fall into the protection model of the present invention
Enclose.