CN106220509A - 醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法 - Google Patents

醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法 Download PDF

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CN106220509A
CN106220509A CN201610586490.7A CN201610586490A CN106220509A CN 106220509 A CN106220509 A CN 106220509A CN 201610586490 A CN201610586490 A CN 201610586490A CN 106220509 A CN106220509 A CN 106220509A
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朱安莲
李凌君
李志勇
杜春燕
王明月
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Henan Normal University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法,属于精细化学品的绿色合成技术领域。本发明的技术方案要点为;以醛类化合物和5,5‑二甲基‑1,3‑环己二酮为底物,以醇胺类离子液体为催化剂,在室温下搅拌反应0.5‑4h制得目标产物氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物。本发明在无溶剂条件下进行,有效避免了挥发性有机溶剂的使用,降低了反应过程的成本且减少了对操作人员的危害;该反应在室温条件下进行,无需加热,降低了能量的消耗及对设备的要求;此催化体系可以方便的实现数克规模的制备。

Description

醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的 方法
技术领域
本发明属于精细化学品的绿色合成技术领域,具体涉及一种醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法。
背景技术
氧杂蒽二酮的开环衍生物是许多天然产物分子的结构单元,在药物化学方面占据重要地位,具有重要的药理学和生理学活性,比如可以用做抗病毒物质、抗菌药。此外,它们在染料、荧光材料和激光技术方面也有很多用处。传统合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法多是在酸性催化剂作用下,活泼亚甲基化合物和芳香醛之间的反应,这些Bronsted酸或Lewis酸性催化剂包括十二烷基苯磺酸(T.S.Jin,J.S.Zhang,T.T.Guo,etal.Synlett.,2004,866)、InCl3·4H2O(X.Fan,X.Hu,X.Zhang,et al.Can.J.Chem.,2005,83,16)、聚苯胺-甲苯磺酸盐(A.John,P.J.P.Yadav,S.Palaniappan.J.Mol.Catal.A:Chem.,2006,248,121)和酸性树脂(B.Das,P.Thirupathi,I.Mahender,etal.J.Mol.Catal.A:Chem.,2006,247,233)等催化剂,而且反应往往需要使用大量的有机溶剂(张岩,程梅园,商志才.Chin.J.Org.Chem.2011,31,814),且需要加热或微波照射(屠树江,邓旭,周建峰等.Chem.J.Chin.Universities.2002,23,222)等条件,这些反应体系往往需要较长的反应时间,而且催化剂价格昂贵且制备过程繁琐,反应和后处理过程均较复杂,而且催化效率较低,难以实现大规模制备。另外,几乎所有已有的催化剂都是酸性催化体系,这使得含有某些酸性敏感基团的底物不能在现有的催化剂条件下实行有效地转化。因此,开发一种具有温和的酸碱性,可以有效避免挥发性溶剂的使用,并且可以在温和条件下高效促进氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物合成的方法具有重要的应用前景。
近年来,离子液体作为一种新型绿色溶剂和催化剂,在学术界和产业界引起了人们的广泛关注,它们以不易挥发、良好的可设计性、高的热稳定性和化学稳定性及可循环使用等特性,在催化行业表现出广阔的应用前景。醇胺类离子液体的酸碱性可以通过对其阳离子上取代基的长度及阴离子的酸碱性进行调节,并可以有效地促进Friedel-Crafts反应(Sanap.A K,Shankarling.G S.RSC Advances,2014,4,34938),Henry反应(Sing.B S,Lobo.H R,Shankarling.G S.Catalysis Communications,2012,24,70),Knoevenagel反应(Zhu A L,Liu R X,Li L J,et al.Catalysis Today,2013,200,17)及Biginelli反应(ZhuA L,Liu Q Q,Li L J,et al.Catalysis letters,2013,143,463)的高效进行,但未曾有文章或相关专利报道其在催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物中的应用。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了一种制备简单且方便高效的醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案,醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法,其特征在于:以醛类化合物和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮为底物,以醇胺类离子液体为催化剂,在室温下搅拌反应0.5-4h制得目标产物氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物,其中醇胺类离子液体的阳离子为 醇胺类离子液体的阴离子为CH3COO-、C2H5COO-或CH3CHOHCOO-,醛类化合物为 R为H、4-OH、2-OH、4-F、4-Cl、4-Br、4-CH3、4-OCH3、4-CF3、4-NO2、3-NO2、2-NO2、4-OH-3-OCH3、2-Cl、2,4-Cl2,2-Br或4-(CH3)2N。
进一步优选,所述的醛类化合物、5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮和醇胺类离子液体的投料摩尔比为1:2:0.1-1.5。
进一步优选,所述的醇胺类离子液体回收并充分干燥后重复循环使用。
进一步优选,所述的醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法的具体步骤为:在圆底烧瓶中依次加入醛类化合物、醇胺类离子液体和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮,在室温下搅拌反应0.5-4h,整个反应过程用TLC检测直至反应结束,反应的粗产物用水和乙醇的混合溶液洗涤或用体积分数为95%的乙醇重结晶,除去溶剂后烘干得到纯品氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物,醇胺类离子液体留在水相中,将水蒸干后回收醇胺类离子液体重复循环使用。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:(1)使用的醇胺类离子液体制备简便,原料价格低廉且具有良好的生物相容性;(2)醇胺类离子液体的催化活性高,且循环使用多次后催化活性没有很明显的下降;(3)此反应在无溶剂条件下进行,有效避免了挥发性有机溶剂的使用,降低了反应过程的成本且减少了对操作人员的危害;(4)该反应在室温条件下进行,无需加热,降低了能量的消耗及对设备的要求;(5)此催化体系呈弱碱性,对设备温和无腐蚀性,对反应器无特殊要求;(6)此催化体系可以方便的实现数克规模的制备。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(0.5mmol),再加入对硝基苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应1.5h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为94%。
实施例2
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAPr(0.1mmol),再加入邻硝基苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应3h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为90%。
实施例3
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAPr(0.05mmol),再加入间硝基苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应2h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为89%。
实施例4
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEALac(0.05mmol),再加入对羟基苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应3h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为86%。
实施例5
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEALac(0.5mmol),再加入邻羟基苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应3h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为90%。
实施例6
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体TMEAAc(0.5mmol),再加入对氟苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应0.5h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为88%。
实施例7
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体TMEAAc(0.5mmol),再加入对氯苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应1h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为87%。
实施例8
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体TMEAAc(0.5mmol),再加入对溴苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应1h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为93%。
实施例9
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体MDEALac(0.1mmol),再加入对甲基苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应3.5h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为88%。
实施例10
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAPr(0.1mmol),再加入对甲氧基苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温 下搅拌反应3.5h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为85%。
实施例11
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAPr(0.1mmol),再加入4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应3h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为93%。
实施例12
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(0.75mmol),再加入邻氯苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应1h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为96%。
实施例13
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(0.75mmol),再加入2,4-二氯苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应4h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为90%。
实施例14
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(0.75mmol),再加入邻溴苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应2h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为93%。
实施例15
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(0.75mmol),再加入4-(N,N-二甲基)苯甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应4h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为92%。
实施例16
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(0.75mmol),再加入吡啶-4-甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应0.5h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的 混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为87%。
实施例17
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(0.75mmol),再加入呋喃甲醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应0.5h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为85%。
实施例18
在圆底烧瓶中先加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(0.75mmol),再加入肉桂醛(0.5mmol),搅拌混合均匀,然后再加入5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(1mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应0.5h,整个反应过程用TLC检测,直至反应结束。最后将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到纯品,产率为90%。
实施例19
循环使用情况
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(3mmol)、对硝基苯甲醛(2mmol)和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(4mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应,整个反应过程用TLC跟踪检测,直至反应结束。粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干即可得到目标产物,产率为94%,水相真空干燥除去水分后醇胺类离子液体可用于下一批次使用。
以上述反应为探针反应,作催化剂醇胺类离子液体的循环使用实验,醇胺类离子液体重复使用5次,各批次产物收率见表1。
表1醇胺类离子液体循环使用情况
由表1可以看出:醇胺类离子液体的催化体系在循环使用制备产物过程中循环使用5次后,仍然保持较高的催化活性,说明该类醇胺类离子液体在催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的过程中可以被多次循环使用。
实施例20
放大反应情况
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入醇胺类离子液体DMEAAc(10mmol)、对硝基苯甲醛(20mmol)和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(40mmol),之后在室温下搅拌反应,整个反应过程用TLC跟踪检测,直至反应结束。反应完成后,将粗产品用水和乙醇的混合溶液进行洗涤,再烘干 即可得到目标产物,产率为93%。由此可知,该类醇胺类离子液体催化剂可以方便的放大到数克规模目标产物的制备。
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。

Claims (4)

1.醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法,其特征在于:以醛类化合物和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮为底物,以醇胺类离子液体为催化剂,在室温下搅拌反应0.5-4h制得目标产物氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物,其中醇胺类离子液体的阳离子为醇胺类离子液体的阴离子为CH3COO-、C2H5COO-或CH3CHOHCOO-,醛类化合物为R为H、4-OH、2-OH、4-F、4-Cl、4-Br、4-CH3、4-OCH3、4-CF3、4-NO2、3-NO2、2-NO2、4-OH-3-OCH3、2-Cl、2,4-Cl2,2-Br或4-(CH3)2N。
2.根据权利要求1所述的醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法,其特征在于:所述的醛类化合物、5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮和醇胺类离子液体的投料摩尔比为1:2:0.1-1.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法,其特征在于:所述的醇胺类离子液体回收并充分干燥后重复循环使用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的醇胺类离子液体催化合成氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物的方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:在圆底烧瓶中依次加入醛类化合物、醇胺类离子液体和5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮,在室温下搅拌反应0.5-4h,整个反应过程用TLC检测直至反应结束,反应的粗产物用水和乙醇的混合溶液洗涤或用体积分数为95%的乙醇重结晶,除去溶剂后烘干得到纯品氧杂蒽二酮类化合物开环衍生物,醇胺类离子液体留在水相中,将水蒸干后回收醇胺类离子液体重复循环使用。
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